FINAL REPORT
FCG International Ltd
Presented to the Ministry for Foreign Affairs
of Finland/ASA-30
EVALUATION OF “FUND FOR
GENDER EQUITY AND SEXUAL
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND
RIGHTS” (FED), PHASE I
(ENGLISH LANGUAGE VERSION)
July 2013
Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 4 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 10 2 Overview of the intervention ................................................................................................................... 13 3 Assessment results ................................................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Theory of change .............................................................................................................................. 15 3.2 Context .............................................................................................................................................. 16 3.3 Cross‐cutting objectives .................................................................................................................... 19 3.4 Relevance .......................................................................................................................................... 21 3.5 Efficiency ........................................................................................................................................... 22 3.6 Development Effectiveness .............................................................................................................. 26 3.7 Impact ............................................................................................................................................... 29 3.8 Sustainability ..................................................................................................................................... 30 3.10 Effectiveness of Donor / support .................................................................................................... 34 3.11 Coherence ....................................................................................................................................... 35 4 Conclusions and recommendations ..................................................................................................... 37 5. Learned lessons ....................................................................................................................................... 40 Annexes ....................................................................................................................................................... 43 1.
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Bibliography List of organizations visited and persons interviewed Terms of Reference FED Logical Framework 2010‐2013 (approved version 18.06.2010) Table related to Section 2 (Overview of the intervention) Pictures related to Section 3.5 (Efficiency): Tables related to session 3.6 (development effectiveness) 1 Abbreviations and acronyms ADESENI Association for the Rights of Sexual Diversity AHV ‐ Gaviota Association for the Humanization of Life ‐ Gaviota ALBA Bolivarian Alliance of the Americas (Alianza Bolivariana de las Américas) AMOJO Ometepe Youth Association ANIT Nicaraguan Association of Trans‐generate AP Programme Support ASONVIHSIDA Nicaraguan Association AIDS and HIV or positive people BM The World Bank CACU Cervical‐Uterine Cancer CANTERA Center for Popular Education and Communication CAP Behavior, Attitudes and Practices CC FED Coordination Committee CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CENIDH Nicaraguan Center for Human Rights CESESMA Education Service on Health and the Environment Center CEIMM Multiethnic Women Research and Information Center CIDH Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights CIPD International Conference on Population and Development CONISIDA Nicaraguan AIDS Commission CP Public Notice CSJ Supreme Court DDHH Human Rights DDSSRR Sexual Rights and Reproductive Rights DL Donor Leader EG Gender Equity ENDESA National demographic and health surveillance FADCANIC Foundation for Autonomy and Development of the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua FCAM Central American Women's Fund FECONORI Nicaraguan Federation of Associations of People with Disabilities FED Fund for Gender Equality, Sexual Rights and Reproductive Rights FMI International Monetary Fund FONSALUD Nicaraguan Fund for Health FUNDECOM Foundation for Community Development GIZ German Cooperation Agency
HIVOS Humanist Institute for Cooperation with Developing Countries (Hivos, acronym in Dutch) IA FED Annual Report IG Gender Equality IIG Gender Equality Index INPRHU Institute for Human Promotion ITS Sexually transmitted infections LGBT Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender LGBTTTI Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexual, Transvestite, Transgender and Intersex Los Cumiches Association for Communication and Social Mobilization 2 M&E MAM MEC MFA MFN MiFamilia MINED MINSA ML MOSAFC Monitoring and Evaluation Autonomous Women's Movement Maria Elena Cuadra Movement Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Foreign Ministry) Nicaragua Feminist Movement Ministry of Family Ministry of Education Ministry of Health Logical Framework Modelo de Salud Familiar y Comunitario (Model of Family & Community Health) OA Administrative Organization OCP Partner Organizations ONG Non Governmental Organization OT Cross‐cutting Objective POA Annual Operating Plan PP Small Projects PVVS People living with HIV or AIDS Virus
RAAN North Atlantic Autonomous Region RAAS South Atlantic Autonomous Region RMCV Network of Women Against Violence RO FED Operating Regulations SC Civil society SIDA Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome SISME FED Monitoring System SSR Sexual and Reproductive Health ST FED Technical Secretariat TGF Total Fertility Rate UCA San Ramón Union of Agricultural Cooperatives, San Ramon, Matagalpa UNFPA United Nations Fund for Population VGB Gender‐Based Violence VIF Domestic Violence VIFS Domestic and Sexual Violence Human Immunodeficiency Virus VIH 3 Executive Summary The Fund for Gender Equity and Sexual and Reproductive Rights (FED) was created as a common support mechanism from international cooperation to civil society organizations in Nicaragua. After a pilot phase (2006‐2009), Phase I began implementation, covering the period 2009‐2013. The FED was funded by the Governments of Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Luxembourg, the Austrian Development Agency, the German Cooperation Agency (GTZ) and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). For this phase the total contribution was $ 11, 933.596 from all donors. In 2011 donors chose Finland as the lead donor, and it has contributed since 2010 approximately $ 1.7 million. Objectives, methodology, fieldwork The FED assessment was conducted at the request of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland, and was carried out between February and May 2013, with the purpose to: (1) Evaluate the program's contribution to meeting its development objectives, and expected results of the logical framework; (2) Assess the relevance, efficiency and effectiveness of the Fund; (3) Identify best practices and lessons learned for the future design of similar programs. The assessment included a review of documents and statistics, interviews, discussions with stakeholders in the program, and data analysis. The fieldwork entailed visiting 19 organizations, where interviews were conducted with beneficiaries, local authorities and donor groups, as well as nine focus groups with promoters and nearly 82 beneficiaries. Profile and purpose of the FED The FED is an instrument for the harmonization and unification of cooperation by donors in order to reduce management costs, strengthen capacities of Partner Organizations (OCP), and also encourage the creation and development of innovation by civil society. The overall objective of the Fed is to "contribute to the advancement of gender equality and the full recognition and exercise of sexual and reproductive rights of the Nicaraguan population", and specific objectives: (1) Advocacy for equity and gender equality by organized citizenship, (2) Protection of sexual and reproductive rights by organized citizenship, (3) Fortress capacities of civil society organizations for the full implementation of gender equity and sexual rights and reproductive rights. Among the direct beneficiaries of the Fund are: the Nicaraguan population in the areas where civil society organizations funded by FED developed their work, the civil society organizations in Nicaragua that promote gender equality, empowerment and rights of women and / or those who worked for the recognition and protection of sexual and reproductive rights as part of human rights and movements and groups that defend the rights and promote equitable relations between indigenous and ethnic communities, people with disabilities, and sexual diversity. As part of its governance structure FED it was formed by three authorities: the Coordination Committee (CC), the Donor Leader (DL) and Administrative Organization (OA). For the latter a call was performed, resulting in the selection of Hivos, an NGO in the Netherlands, as the Administrative Organization (OA). 4 Context The FED's Phase One was implemented in the context of a comprehensive legal framework and laws favorable to gender equity (EG) and sexual and reproductive rights (DSR). However the indicators in these themes suggest challenges, especially in the area of teenage pregnancy, an increase in HIV infection, and a high rate of domestic violence. On the issue of sexual diversity and the rights of groups Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) showed some progress, but also great challenges that remain, as a rise in the rate of complaints related to sexual orientation discrimination or gender identity. Civil Society (SC) remains fragmented and has a limited participation in the public space. Results In terms of efficiency, the assessment team concluded that the FED reached a high level of implementation of resources in time and quality (average 91%). Among the implemented components, the best level of performance was achieved with the resources allocated to the 'Contribution for projects' (average 93%), and the resources allocated to the 'Research and knowledge management' which resulted with average performance level of 65%, the lowest of all in the project fund. Undoubtedly, the FED proved its efficiency in terms of resource use and reduced bureaucracy by donors, representing an added value for them. It also managed to increase each year the number of projects and partner organizations (OCP), reaching a total of 133 projects / contracts and 75 OCP supported by the FED, for three years. The projects include the following categories: Public Calls for proposals, Small Projects, Programme Support, Diversity Strategy, Support for Punctual Activities, and Support to Emergency Actions. The OCP has valued positively the technical quality in administrative terms, and content by the Technical Secretariat (ST) of the FED. The products and results expected from the implementation of the FED were properly planned and implemented in terms of quantity and quality, and it can be concluded that the FED advanced its purpose (development effectiveness). The OCP implemented a variety of strategies for: advocacy, public mobilization, demand and denouncement, participation in interagency coordination bodies, mass communication, and awareness). The performance of the OCP was varied, depending on its mission, capacity, and appropriation of the goals. Related to the objective of “Advocacy for Gender Equity (EG) and Gender Equality (IG) by organized citizenship” (Objective 1) FED contributed significantly to political advocacy to prevent gender violence and helped put the issues in public debate. In the area of 'defense of sexual and reproductive rights by organized citizenship (Objective 2) many activities were reported around the dissemination of information on relevant topics in sexual and reproductive rights, assisting in the defense of rights, and the inclusion of priority populations. It was concluded that it gradually gave greater visibility of the participation of indigenous and ethnic groups, people with disabilities and LGBT, although there are still many challenges for this participation. In terms of 'Strengthening the OCP' (Objective 3), it is evaluated that FED has been instrumental, not only in the institutional growth of many of them, but also in knowledge and skills to tackle the fundamental issues. Strengthening was given in capacity / institutional management and improved understanding of the purpose of FED. Furthermore, the OCP that were not working with DDSSRR are now assuming that topic. It was not possible to create a common platform among the OCPs, as planned, although there is evidence of ad hoc partnerships around specific issues and actions, such as the fight to decriminalize 5 therapeutic abortion and the Family Code. It is clear that the common platform was not part of the formal objectives of FED. As part of the Paris Declaration, it was planned to create spaces for dialogue between organizations, alliances and articulations, but not the establishment of a platform as such. Although it was not possible to quantify the role of FED related to long‐term behavior changes of beneficiaries (impact), the evidence generated by this assessment through interviews, observations and reports of FED, was that it allowed the identification of trends in some behaviors that have begun to arise at the level of the beneficiaries. For example, the OCPs which worked in violence prevention, perceived a reduction in violence in the intervention areas, increased knowledge of DDSSRR, and a willingness to report and seek care in case of violence. Also a positive change and openness to discuss the issue of violence in communities was perceived. The vast majority of the projects were aimed at empowering women ‐ for example, projects focused on improving knowledge of laws and DDSSRR. There were also programs focused on increasing self‐esteem. The high level of commitment from the OCPs will be a crucial factor in the sustainability of the action in the future. Selecting OCPs whose mission is aligned with the objectives of the Fund increases this sustainability. The involvement of community leaders, for example in organizing events and training, will also support sustainability. The quantity and quality of technical support from the ST to the OPC was one of the fundamentals for sustainability of actions. The Fund invested in the development of the OCP, in terms of strengthening the SC and improved learning for a correct approach to the issue of human rights, DDSSRR and EG / IG. Increased knowledge in this regard was highly valued. In relation to the management and administration of the fund, the assessment team concluded that overall the FED action was implemented as planned, with some difficulties in the first round (which caused an increased workload on the staff of the ST) and in some specific actions, such as the number of visits for the monitoring and support of the OCP. However, there is a high value to the M&E mechanism, and use of the automated monitoring system (SISME) by the OCP. Some obstacles were identified mainly due to the limitation of the system, which makes it impossible to include progress made beyond the result areas included by FED. The general management of resources was efficient, considering the search as far as possible for economies of scale. Although differences were noted between the organizations in terms of management of resources and finance, this was dependent on their size, capacity and previous experience with donors. Related to the assessment of the level of cooperation and communication between the entities (OA, DL/CC, OCP), the OCPs consider that was made an appropriate disclosure in calls to access funds, and reported a high level of cooperation and communication with educators and intermediaries at work, located in the ST. It is also considered that the balance of power and responsibility between the OCPs and ST was appropriate in terms of respect and openness, availability and accessibility. The principles of coordination, alignment, harmonization, ownership, and mutual responsibility ‐ processes of the Paris Declaration, 2005 ‐ have been central principles of collaboration among the Fund international partners during Phase I (effectiveness of the donation / assistance). The FED was created to establish forums for dialogue between SC organizations and government on related policies, in order to facilitate the involvement of the SC in national monitoring of the Paris and Accra commitments and contribute to the improvement of its indicators. During the implementation of the Fund, the participation spaces of SC did not grow, but some progress is evident, particularly as related to the dialogue regarding the Family Code. Moreover, the FED has reduced administrative processes for donors 6 in managing small projects and thereby takes advantage of cooperation resources for the greater benefit of the target populations. There is evidence of alignment and harmonization at the level of the SC in specific activities, but there is no more widespread or programmatic alignment. Nevertheless, there is a certain level of fragmentation of the SC, although some acknowledged the advantage of alliances (such as the network of shelters). There is only evidence of actions at the local level harmonized and aligned between the OCPs and State institutions. In general, the Fund's objectives coincided with the objectives of a number of strategies, policies and laws recently established in Nicaragua (consistency). No major contradictions were noticed, or policies that hinder the implementation and achievement of program objectives. However, the illegality of therapeutic abortion and other factors beyond the policies that influence the implementation and achievement of the objectives of the Fund, remain major challenges. The predominance of moral prejudices from a religious perspective means that many beneficiaries receive double messages. In addition, there is continuing resistance of state institutions to assume their roles and responsibilities or provide appropriate conditions for women victims of violence and others who come to obtain services and quality care. Welfarism has created dependency and passivity in the population, and as reported by many, that there is no true secular state. Conclusions and recommendations 
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FED/General: It has been established as a strong and consolidated mechanism that permitted advancement in the themes of the Fund in Nicaragua. It generated confidence among the SC and international cooperation. During the implementation of FED, more funds were received than planned, signifying an expression of confidence in the mechanism and work of FED and support of their mission by donors. In 2011 an additional contribution of Finland allowed the Technical Secretariat to increase the budget by 9%. It is recommended to develop a fundraising strategy (with donors, banks, private funds) to ensure continuity of FED and start a new phase. OCP/General: FED's support helped 75 OCP, allowing them to advance the agenda of sexual and reproductive health rights (DDSSRR) and EG/IG. For a majority of the OCP, FED supported institutional strengthening. FED also managed to maintain a presence and visibility in the struggle for human rights. It is recommended to stimulate the formation of alliances and take advantage of opportunities for joint work. FED/Contributions to projects: In the three implementation years, 75 OCP were supported that implemented 133 projects/contracts. It is recommended to approve multi‐year projects and diversify counterparts for greater thematic and territorial coverage and include a diversity of organizations working with different target populations. In addition, it is recommended to continue with the application of different financing modalities. FED/Capacity Building: The constant training to OCP's team members allowed updating of information and strengthening of methodologies and concepts. Diversification was achieved in terms of subject matter, and approximation of methodologies to DDSSRR issues. It is recommended to maintain a similar structure, with a strong role of accompaniment to the OCPs, promoting the exchange of information and experience, but with more emphasis on financial sustainability of the OCPs. FED/Management and Coordination: The FED's technical team is valued as being very professional and dedicated. However it is important to measure human resource capacity, 7 
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considering that the ST had periods of operative work overload, especially in the selection of the OCPs, and monitoring tracking, which limited OA in performing other actions such as participating in events. It is recommended to maintain horizontal relations between the donor/the Fund and OCPs. FED, OCP/Research and knowledge management: Research carried out by FED and OCPs have been key tools to increase awareness on the issue of DDSSRR. But is evident there was a lack of time that would have permitted consolidation of the component 'knowledge management'. This issue remains pending for the next phase, in which knowledge building for social innovation and strengthening of new actors for social change will be emphasized. It is recommended to invest more in developing capacity in this field, and to give more attention to the dissemination of the results of the various actions undertaken. FED/Monitoring, accompaniment and evaluation: The OA devoted much time to the monitoring and support of the OCPs in a timely and flexible fashion. It is recommended to involve users in developing monitoring and evaluation tools, and develop a system that not only serves for donors but also the OCPs. FED OCP/Theme: Capacity to promote the thematic and the mobilization of civil society was increased via the projects funded. During the implementation of the Fund, violence prevention, and care to victims has been important. The thematic of masculinity and discrimination against people with HIV and AIDS have been relatively little addressed by organizations. It is recommended to promote the inclusion of men in the thematic of gender equity, violence prevention and DDSSRR, as well as working with adolescents and youth on these subjects. It is also recommended to unify a common agenda and common messages. OCP/Strategies and methodologies: The diversity of strategies achieved the expected results ‐ for example, there was success in the implementation of local level advocacy, and public complaints. There were not many innovative methodologies reported – on the contrary, "traditional" strategies were implemented. It is recommended to work in an inter‐sectorial and interdisciplinary manner, and to stimulate a combination and variation in strategies. Also it is advisable to develop specific strategies in the case of themes that deserve more attention, such as sexual diversity; and to investigate the application of new technologies in the implementation of actions, such as the media or social networks. FED, OCPs/Sustainability. Sustainability of FED has been dependent on the will of the international cooperation. Without additional funds, the Fund is not sustainable. Most OCPs depended on international cooperation, for many of them Fund support to their work was crucial in recent years. The elements that increased their sustainability included the high level of commitment from the OCPs, and the involvement of community leaders. It is recommended to strengthen management and organizational management, helping the OCPs develop fundraising strategies and diversification of income sources. It is also recommended to form partnerships with communities and women themselves, allowing them to assume the leadership of the processes, but also form alliances between the OCPs, especially in the current situation of scarcity of resources. Lessons learned include: 8 
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The need to rationalize the Public Calls for Proposals (putting a cap, and choosing OCPs in light of the theme), and to include other OCPs from sectors such as the economic sector, and others that directly serve the population prioritized by the FED. The importance of accompanying the OCPs in their institutional strengthening (administration and management) and in the thematic, especially in relatively new topics for some OCPs, such as sexual diversity, and to learn to view violence from the perspective of gender equity. There are benefits for OCP and FED to approve projects for a period of two years. Programmatic support helps OCPs to have the time and space to develop their strategic plans and cover any budget gaps they have. But it is also a learning process for the FED and the organizations involved, who are used to working with project support. On the other hand, the mechanisms and instruments of FED are not designed for this modality. The importance of communication and the need to maintain an established communication channel between donors and the OA (with a substantial role of the lead donor). The visibility of the FED was an important element for fund raising. It was learned that this process involves allocating time to the participation of both OA and donors in external events and instances of coordination. The need to enhance the dissemination of the results of the various actions developed (forums, research, studies, etc.). The importance of making visible and conveying messages in various environments is recognized. The importance of research in the field, and the territory of the OCPs, is also emphasized. Experiences with the automated monitoring system showed the importance of developing a system that is easy to manage and update, and above all, appropriate to the needs of not only the donor but also the OCPs. Diversifying the capacity building processes, based on different participatory methodologies such as educational talks, community workshops, formal training, demonstrations and public protests, is very effective. Need to include ways to reach adolescents and young people. Although there are learning methodologies related to working with adolescent and youth in sexual rights and reproductive rights, these have a methodological challenge because myths abound in the communities, requiring more preparation for the technical team of the OCP before each intervention. Need to include men in the issues. An undoubted lesson learned is that a better understanding is achieved in this way, although the process of change is generally slow and difficult (especially in changes related to the thematic of the Fund). 9 1 Introduction The Fund for Gender Equity and Sexual and Reproductive Rights, designated with the acronym FED, was created as a common mechanism of international cooperation support to civil society organizations in Nicaragua. A pilot phase of the FED was developed during the period 2006‐2009. During the period 2009‐2013, the Governments of Finland, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Luxembourg, the Austrian Development Agency, German Cooperation Agency (GTZ) and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) have continued to fund the activities to the amount of U.S. $ 11,018,559 for Phase I1. At the beginning Norway served as lead donor. In 2011 before the closure of the Norwegian Embassy and with the impossibility of the Embassy of the Netherlands to take on this role, Finland agreed to assume it. The contribution of Finland since 2010 has been approximately $ 1.7 million. FED was established as a mechanism for harmonization and coordination of donor funding. It aims to contribute not only to lower the costs of managing aid, but to facilitate the participation of civil society organizations and intensify existing skills and strengths, and promoting the creation and development of new initiatives. Currently several donors are finalizing bilateral cooperation with Nicaragua, and are interested to evaluate the progress to date and assess the relevance, efficiency and effectiveness of resources spent by the Counterpart Organizations (PCO) supported through the Fund, as well as the effectiveness of FED as a financing mechanism. Purpose and objectives of the assessment2: 
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Evaluate the program's contribution to meeting its development objectives and expected results of the logical framework; Assess the relevance, efficiency and effectiveness of the Fund; Identify best practices and lessons learned for the future design of similar programs The evaluation covered the period 2009‐2013, with emphasis on the period until the end of 2012. Methodology and implementation of the assessment The assessment was conducted by a team of 5 consultants (2 European, 3 Nicaraguan) who, with the support of the FCG headquarters office in Helsinki, worked simultaneously in the evaluation of three health sector programs supported by Finland (FONSALUD, the Fund for Gender Equity, health, and sexual and reproductive rights (FED) and the Promotion of sexual and reproductive health focused on adolescents and young people in Nicaragua (VOZJOVEN)). The evaluations were contracted to a single team for efficiency reasons, and to facilitate the triangulation of information between the three assessments. The work was carried out between February and May 2013. The assessment included a review of documents and statistics, interviews, discussions with stakeholders in the program, and analysis. Table 1 specifies the different steps in the execution of the work. 1
Total amount based on financial performance reports FED 2010, 2011, 2012. TOR FED (date), annex 3 2
10 Table 1. Methodology and evaluation phases Phase Actions Comments Inception: Document review February Development of tools: ‐ Interview Guide (Annex X) ‐ Evaluation Matrix (Annex X) Selection of projects / organizations (see the criteria below) Fieldwork: Interviews with staff counterparts February‐March Interviews with beneficiaries, focus groups Interviews with (local) authorities and key personnel (FED staff, Hivos, donors) Phase of analysis and Team discussion and analysis of findings reporting: Presentation of preliminary data to MFA, and stakeholders in March to May Nicaragua (February 18) Preparation of draft Review and incorporation of comments Preparation of the final version For the selection of FED's Counterpart Organizations (OCPs) who were interviewed in the field work, the following criteria were defined: 
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Diversity of projects financed by the Fund, taking into account: a) forms of support, b) geographic cover of counterparts c) continuity of support (more than one project) and d) mixed organizations, shelters. Urban and rural representation. Relative success level, ensuring the inclusion of OCPs with successful experiences, as well as least successful, and locally developed capabilities. Accessibility, taking into account time constraints for the team. Activities or particular results that warrant a specific visit (e.g. surprising data, characteristics of the socio‐political context). The fieldwork included visits to 19 organizations (see Annex 2), interviews with beneficiaries, and promoters of programs (9 focus groups involving 82 people), local authorities and the donor group. The following figure shows the regions and organizations visited: 11 Figure 1: Regions and organizations visited during fieldwork The following section (2) presents the vision and operations of the FED. In section 3 are the results of the evaluation, corresponding to the questions in the terms of reference. Section 4 contains the conclusions and recommendations, the lessons learned are presented in Section 5. 12 2 Overview of the intervention The purpose and profile of FED The FED was an instrument for the harmonization and unification of cooperation by donors in order to reduce management costs, strengthen capacities of OCPs, and also encourages the creation and development of innovative initiatives by the civil society3. The Fund's principles are based on the international frameworks that recognize the rights of women and girls, gender equality and sexual and reproductive health rights: the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW, 1979), the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD, Cairo 1994), and the Platform for Action of the Fourth World Conference on Women (Beijing, 1995). The three recognize internationally the rights of women and girls, gender equality and sexual and reproductive rights4. The overall aim was to "contribute to the advancement of gender equality and the full recognition and exercise of sexual and reproductive rights of the Nicaraguan population"5, and had the following specific objectives:  Objective 1: Promotion and defense of equity and gender equality by civil society (two areas of results)6.  Objective 2: Protection of sexual and reproductive rights by organized citizenship (3 areas of results)7.  Objective 3: Strengthening of capacities of civil society organizations for the full implementation of gender equity and sexual and reproductive rights (1 area results)8. The focus on gender equity and sexual and reproductive rights is the cross‐cutting axis of the FED. The prevention and diagnosis of HIV / AIDS is prioritized, and issues of gender‐based violence and sexual diversity are additional approaches. The direct beneficiaries of the Fund were:  The Nicaraguan population in the areas where civil society organizations funded by FED developed their work.  The Nicaraguan civil society's organizations that promote gender equality, empowerment and rights of women, and / or those who worked for the recognition and protection of sexual and reproductive rights as part of human rights. 3
The total budget for Phase I FED's was U.S. $ 11,018,559. Annex 5 (Table 6) shows the amount of donations of International Cooperation. 4
Base Document FED, Phase I 2009‐2013. Managua, May 28, 2009. 5
Base Document FED, Phase I 2009‐2013. Managua, May 28, 2009. 6
1.1. Civil society organizations promoting actions for effective implementation of laws, codes, regulations, regulatory and public policy for gender equality and equity; 1.2. Civil society organizations demanding justice and equality and non‐
discrimination of people, regardless of gender, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, physical condition, or people living with HIV / AIDS. 7
2.1. Civil society organizations achieves the involvement of target populations in processes of reflection on the sexual and reproductive rights led to a comprehensive sexuality, pleasant, responsible, safe and free from bias; 2.2. Strengthened the prevention of gender‐based violence; 2.3. Access to comprehensive care, and demand of health and justice for victims of domestic violence 8
3.1. Strengthened technical and institutional capacity of OSC FED counterparts. 13  Movements and groups that defend the rights and promote the equitable relations between indigenous and ethnic communities, persons with disabilities, and sexual diversity. FED selected counterparts that focused their work on the defense of Human Rights (DDHH), and had as its starting point the people as subjects of rights, participation and non‐discrimination. To be eligible, organizations needed to have legal personality, a safe and reliable accounting system, and transparent management. Groups or movements without legal personality had the opportunity to submit proposals in partnership or consortium with other organizations that did have legal personality, as long as the alliances and consortia were based on joint work and were not formed solely for resource management. Organizations and/or political instances, state institutions and international organizations, and organizations that had received funding from any of the Fund's donors, bilaterally, with the exception of cases of complementary actions9, were excluded. Management Model The FED was formed by three authorities: the Coordination Committee (CC), the Donor Leader (DL) and Administrative Organization (OA). The CC was ultimately responsible for the strategic direction and overall monitoring of the Fund, and included representatives from donors to the Fund, the Administrative Organization and a delegate (a) of the Government of Nicaragua (Foreign Ministry), who participated in the CC as an observer. He met at least twice a year to monitor implementation of the Fund and approval of work plans, reports and annual budget of the Fund. The CC also met once a year for approval of projects that were presented by the administrator. Norway served as the lead donor10 till June 2011, when changes in the policy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Norway led to the closure of the Norwegian Embassy in Nicaragua, and Finland assumed the role of lead donor. According to the bidding process Hivos, an NGO in the Netherlands, was selected for the role of administrative organization. Hivos was responsible for the management and administration of the Fund, in addition to providing technical support to beneficiaries11, promoting dialogue12 and channeling resources to the various civil society organizations. 9
FED’s Base Document, 2009. The Lead Donor was the first instance for monitoring and donor coordination for the implementation of the Fund, assuming communication with the management organization, among donors of the Fund, and the Government of Nicaragua in matters related to implementation. Coordinated the CC meetings and conducted daily the monitoring of the Fund management by administrative organization. 11
(1) Contributions to projects (including M&E), (2) Capacity Building: Training and technical and methodological advice to organizations, (3) Research and Knowledge Management Systematization. (Source: Base Document FED, 2009). 12
The Fund's management model includes the establishment of mechanisms to promote the participation of SC organizations and synergies between different actors to reflect on the best ways possible to action and promote comprehensive and multifaceted approach. To this end, OA was responsible for organizing annual thematic forums EG and DDSSRR. Source: Base Document FED 2009. 9). 10
14 3 Assessment results 3.1 Theory of change Figure 2 shows the causal chain of FED, prepared by the assessment team, in order to position the Fund in context and identify elements for analysis during the evaluation process. Figure 2: FED causal chain The FED's theory of change is visible in the causal chain. The Fund acts as a financing instrument for the purpose of strengthening the Nicaraguan Civil Society (SC), which promotes Gender equity and equality (EG/IG) and Sexual and Reproductive Rights (DDSSRR). FED Base Document (2009) justifies the establishment of the Fund, to promote actions to facilitate the dissemination and implementation of laws and policies related to EG and DDSSRR. Among the underlying factors in Nicaragua that contextualize the need for the Fund is the influence of religion (specifically their role in the debate on therapeutic abortion), cultural and political factors in society, such as "machismo", traditional values that prevent the full participation of women in public spaces, a trend of exclusion and discrimination of people with sexual diversity, with disabilities, indigenous and ethnic groups, diverse sexuality, and challenges in knowledge of sexual and reproductive health (which is a cause of the high teen pregnancy rate, and the increase in the rate of violence against women). Civil society, one of the key stakeholders to express and articulate community needs, is in a state of fragmentation, with its diminished action space due to the promotion of direct democracy (by the government), and a deterioration in relations between nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and 15 government. In this context FED’s main strategies were: finance projects in EG and DDSSRR, strengthen and coordinate OSC advocacy, and harmonize international cooperation. The main expected results contribute to the consolidation of a society that respects EG, recognizes and allows running the DDSSRR were: changing attitudes in society and tolerance of the DDSSRR, inclusion of EG and DDSSRR in the public agenda; access to comprehensive justice; groups able and willing to sue their DDSSRR. The context for the establishment of FED was the donor harmonization agenda ‐ monitoring the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness to Development ‐ and the willingness to support Nicaragua to fulfill its commitments within the international legal framework. 3.2 Context Global and political context Throughout its implementation, the FED has faced an international economic crisis described by experts as systemic civilization crisis. The current government of Nicaragua is monitoring the agreements with the IMF and World Bank, aiming to maintain macroeconomic discipline promoted by these agencies, in order to minimize the negative impact on the impoverished sector (which, according verifiable data from United Nations and ECLAC, includes the majority of the Nicaraguan population13). Legal and policy frame The legal framework in Nicaragua is considered comprehensive. The country has ratified important human rights instruments relating to civil rights, social and economic and non‐discrimination against women14. Nicaragua was one of the first Latin American countries to sign CEDAW, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1981), though ‐ some 30 years later ‐ has not ratified the protocol or incorporated into legislation all provisions contained in that Convention15,16. In addition, the country has advanced significantly in the formulation of laws related to gender equity and sexual and reproductive rights, such as the Law of Equity of Rights and Opportunities (approved in 2008), the Law of Paternity and Responsible Maternity, and the Integrated Law Against Violence Against Women (Law 779) (approved in 2012,after 30 years of struggle). The new Penal Code decriminalized homosexuality, but at the same time regressed via the total elimination of the possibility of therapeutic abortion. 13
Yearly Report (IA), FED, 2010. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Convention on the Rights of the Child, the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Their Families. Concluding Observations to the sixth periodic report of the State of Nicaragua by the United Nations Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women Paragraph 36, the American Convention on Human Rights (Pact of San José) and the Inter‐American Convention to prevent punish and eradicate violence against Women (Belém do Pará, 1994). Source: Base Document FED 2009, Cairo +20 ‐ Nicaragua. National Assessment 1994‐2012, If Women 2012). 15
Cairo +20 ‐ Nicaragua. National Assessment 1994‐2012, SI MUJER, 2012. 16
Nicaragua once signed and ratified the human rights instruments become binding instruments for the entire legal system, even if not incorporated in existing laws and, on the other hand, the February 14, 2008 Nicaragua passed Law Rights and Opportunities accordingly with the provisions of CEDAW. 14
16 The formulation of the National Strategy of Sexual and Reproductive Health, formalized by the Ministry of Health (MINSA) in August 2008, was a significant advance. The Strategy recognizes that a greater quality of life requires a high standard of sexual and reproductive health in the population, and the respect, protection and guarantee of sexual and reproductive rights by the State (FED, Official Document, 2009). The country also has a National Policy of Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV/AIDS, and a National Strategic Plan of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV/AIDS 2006‐2010, and the Law 392 of Promotion of Integrated Youth Development. In different ways, all of these policies, plans and laws also recognize aspects relation to gender equity. At the same time, the government made public a national gender policy in 2007. Although the legal framework and policies seem inclusive, there are still gaps in the implementation of international agreements to which Nicaragua is a signatory. One of the biggest challenges is the dissemination and implementation of these laws and policies at the national level, and local level adaptation. Additionally, there is a need to ensure sufficient resources and strengthen coordination and autonomy for implementation in an efficient way, and to create a climate for dialogue and participation by stakeholders. The state of the art in Sexual and Reproductive Rights, and Gender Equity and Equality In recent decades, the total fertility rate (TFR) declined from 4.9 children per woman in 1995 to 2.9 in 2005 and 2.7 in 2007, although in rural areas it is still 5.6 (INIDE, 2007). Other developments in the area of reproductive health were an increase in the use of contraceptive methods (70%) and a significant increase in family planning financing through the national budget (from 0% in 2005 to 74% in 2011). The approval of the 'sex education' module and the publication of sex education guide in 2010 are good steps forward on the issue of sexual rights and sexual health. Despite these changes being clearly positive, the reality in other fields is alarming. This includes the high rate of teenage pregnancy ‐ 25% of all births in the country are in adolescents 15 to 19 years17; an increase in HIV infection; and a high rate of domestic violence ‐ three in ten women married or in a relationship in Nicaragua were at least once in their lifetime, a victim of physical or sexual violence. Therapeutic abortion in Nicaragua continues being penalized without exception, and the Supreme Court continues without responding to the constitutional complaint against the abortion ban, brought in 2007. On the issue of sexual diversity and the rights of groups Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT), there were some developments, such as the appointment of the Special Prosecutor for Sexual Diversity in 2009 and the adoption of Resolution 249‐
2009 of the Ministry of Health, which provides that no citizen can be discriminated against or abused in health centers due to having a sexual orientation other than heterosexual18. However, it also recognized that big challenges remain, such as a growth in the rate of complaints related to discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity (these doubled between 2010 and 2011). Nicaragua in 2011 occupies level 101 in the Gender Equity Index (GEI) among all countries (187) analyzed19. Changes in context 17
The percentage of births to teenage mothers (10‐19 years, according to MINSA) only fell from 27.7% to 26.4% between 2004 and 20075 (MINSA: 2008). In: Reflections on pregnancy in young adolescents. Cantera, 2012. 18
Strategy for working with LGBT populations. FED, Technical Secretariat. July 2010. 19
The IGG measures inequality in achievement between women and men in three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment, job market. The IIG of Nicaragua (0.506) represents a low level of equity. Source: Cairo +20 ‐ Nicaragua. National Assessment 1994‐2012, SI MUJER 2012. 17 In 2007 MINSA established the Family and Community Health Model (MOSAFC), aiming to increase the coverage and quality of health services, and provide free services for all Nicaraguans. Organizations of sexual diversity recognize as positive the government's decision to appoint a Sexual Diversity Attorney and the norm 2‐49‐2009 of MINSA regulations (on non‐discrimination in health care centers for these groups), but also the opening up of the Nicaraguan Institute for Youth, the Nicaraguan Institute of Culture and the Ministry of Education to work with these groups. In 2010 a guide related to sex education was established, which was incorporated into the school curriculum, although there is criticism of the limited progress in this field. In 2012, the National Assembly unanimously approved the Amendments to the Law on Municipalities, which was announced by both the ruling party and the opposition as progress on women's political participation, as this reform establishes a 50% participation quota for women candidates for mayors, deputy mayors and councilors. However, the move was criticized by various sectors of civil society, considering it as political maneuver of the ruling party, to further increase central government control at the local level, instead of favoring women (FED Annual Report, 2012). An important aspect is the withdrawal of the country's international cooperation20, which is likely to affect the public sector, since the contribution of cooperation has had an important bearing on the general budget of the republic. The withdrawal of donors will cause greater competition for funds and possibly the disappearance of some NGOs. The situation of civil society (SC) Relations between the civil society organizations and government remain tense, as one respondent said "it’s a tense type of calm". One factor that threatens to further weaken the position of those organizations is the reduction in available resources. There has been a reduction in cooperation resources that affect NGOs, especially those with high level of dependence on donor funds. The focus on "direct participation" promoted by the government through its party structures has reduced the public space for civil society. Other factors Although the FED did not fund government agencies, the Operating Regulations (RO) recommended a partnership with relevant bodies by the OCP21, including the Commissariat for Women and Children of the National Police (CMN), The National Commission on AIDS (CONISIDA) and departmental committees, UN Agencies22, and other multi‐donor funds such as the Common Fund to support civil society for Governance Democracy in Nicaragua, and Save the Children, the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Family, local governments or other coordinating bodies at municipal or territorial level, and religious groups working with VIFS issues and HIV / AIDS. MINSA provides sexual and reproductive health services across the country, and attends to victims of violence. Other institutions of the state (health and legal services at the national, departmental and 20
The Embassies of Norway and Denmark in 2011, the Embassy of Sweden in 2012, and the closure of the embassies of Finland and the Netherlands in 2013. 21
Page 11 of the Operating Regulations. 22
Except UNFPA, FED donor. 18 municipal level) focus specifically on violence But there are few other actors implementing specific programs or actions on the issue of EG/IG and DDSSRR. In the North Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAN) and South Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAS) there are indigenous institutions that function as mediators and / or legal advisors in matters of domestic violence, such as the structure of community judges, the Wihtas. See Text Box 1. Box 1: Involvement of other actors During a forum related to the legal justice chain made in Bilwi, Puerto Cabezas (2011), organized by the AHV‐Collective Gaviota, Nidia White Women's Movement, CEIMM‐URACCAN, one of the participants reflected about working with leaders and central stakeholders in the community ... it is important to remember that in our work we have left all the weight at the state level, in its resolving power of violence and demands of women's rights, leaving outside the community, and their structures of authority. For this situation we should ask what role the community plays in the fight against violence? What to strengthen? And, what should we return to the community to actually make a relevant and accessible justice for indigenous women? I would like to build the capacity of Wihtas of communities and neighborhoods because they are doing mediations, then they should be trained to work better and know which article to apply. 3.3 Cross‐cutting objectives Are there defined strategies to promote cross‐cutting issues by FED / OCPs? Are there clear objectives and indicators for these strategies? FED's strategy was explicitly aimed at cross‐cutting objectives (OT) See Box 2. A large part of the cross‐
cutting objectives mentioned reflect the specific objectives of FED as promoting gender equality and equity, the promotion of human rights and equal participation of marginalized groups (including children, people with disabilities, indigenous people and ethnic minorities). Box 2: The cross‐cutting objectives of Finland’s cooperation  The promotion of gender and social equity.  The promotion of human rights and equal participation of marginalized groups (including children, people with disabilities, indigenous people and ethnic minorities).  The recognition of HIV / AIDS as a development challenge.  The recognition of environmental vulnerability, climate change and risk management.  The recognition of issues related to governance. One of the lessons learned from the pilot phase was the importance of addressing the processes of strengthening organizations, especially discriminated groups such as those of sexual diversity23. Beneficiaries were identified in the FED Operating Regulations (RO) as "the movements and groups advocating the rights and promotion of equitable relations among indigenous and ethnic communities, people with disabilities and sexual diversity groups"24, and the eligible projects that "make awareness, education, and defense of sexual rights and reproductive rights, emphasizing sexuality education, those who promote the application of the approach to sexual and reproductive rights with indigenous women, 23
Base Document Page 3 FED 2009. Base Document Page 12 FED 2009. 24
19 ethnic groups and organized groups of sexual diversity"25. One of the roles expected of OCP who received AP was to "Use their strength thematic and positioning in the Nicaraguan Society for the lobbying, advocacy, social mobilization and dissemination of messages in the mass media", a goal that was met through participation and effective prominence in discursive spaces and promoting visibility of key issues such as therapeutic abortion, the Family Code, and amendments to the law on HIV / AIDS, among others. To meet the objectives related to the organizations and groups of sexual diversity, and increase awareness of the issue, FED issued a strategy for working with LGBT26 populations. Prioritization of work with groups of lesbians and trans‐females was also proposed. To advance in the LGBT strategy implementation, funds were allocated to the Central American Women's Fund (FCAM), an organization that facilitated the strengthening of sexual diversity groups. These funds were directed to promote the visibility and participation in events and specific activities. In relation to the promotion or inclusion of HIV / AIDS as a development challenge, some evidence was found of efforts by the FED to improve knowledge on the subject (inclusion in basic documents, and specific workshops on the subject)27. Despite these efforts, few OCPs include HIV/AIDS as a crosscutting objective ‐ only an organization working specifically on HIV/ AIDS (ASONVIHSIDA)28. In relation to the inclusion of people with HIV / AIDS, we note that there are organizations in the country that are working directly with PVVS (People living with HIV or AIDS Virus), supported with resources from the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. However, as concluded in the FED Annual Report (2010), it is necessary to strengthen strategies for working with these groups, and prioritize these populations, initiating a strategy for people with disabilities. Although the environment issue was never postulated as a crosscutting issue for FED, some OCPs consider environmental aspects, including FADCANIC in RAAS and the cooperative UCA/San Ramon, a participative business organization working in sustainable development of its members. Among their working principles gender equity, generational change and environmental protection can be identified. In terms of governance the RO served as a guide for the effective and transparent operation and management of the Fund, defining the criteria, standards and procedures for Phase I. In the case of the organizations without legal standing ‐ in general, the sexual diversity organizations and groups (with the exception of two OCPs) ‐ a mechanism was formulated that allowed them to obtain technical assistance, through the organization FCAM. Have sufficient resources and the capacity and technical expertise for implementation been allocated? Are the indicators integrated into the monitoring system of reporting and evaluation? 25
Base Document Page 14 FED 2009. Strategic Sexual Diversity. FED 2010 27
Base Document Page 10 FED 2009 28
Because approved a U.S. $ 62m of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS contral, Malaria and Tuberculosis in 2009, it was agreed that the FED would invest little in the topic, as many civil society organizations would benefit from the fund and therefore only approved two projects working directly with the subject, as ASONVIHSIDA and Nimehuatzin. But other organizations supported by the FED work that issue specifically and widely like SI Mujer, Meeting Points, Profamilia and Foundation between Volcanoes. And other organizations such as Rural Women Foundation, Funsami, UCA San Ramón and Cumiches it works within the themes of sexuality. 26
20 In terms of allocation of resources to the cross‐cutting objectives, FED invested in workshops, in the strategic development of Sexual Diversity and direct technical assistance to organizations to work addressing the cross‐cutting objectives. Funds were allocated for capacity building, which also covered the workshops dedicated to topics related to the OTs. Specific indicators were included related to the OTs in the logical framework. (See Annex 4). 3.4 Relevance Are the objectives and achievements still corresponding with the needs and priorities of stakeholders, including final beneficiaries? The aims and achievements of FED still correspond to the needs of EG/IG and DDSSRR in the country, given the absence of actors working on these issues, the government's inability to respond adequately to local needs, inequalities between populations, the inconsistency among certain government policies and challenges in DDSSRR. What inequalities and to whom does the Fund address? What objectives and achievements? Are they consistent/complementary with national policies? Specifically, in the field of sexual and reproductive health a high rate of teenage pregnancies remains and HIV prevalence continues to rise. Youth, housewives and construction workers are among the groups most affected by the epidemic. The adoption of the Comprehensive Law Against Violence against Women (Act 779) in 2012 represents a breakthrough in the fight against domestic violence and sexual violence (VIFS). In 2012 nearly 33,000 cases of VIFS were registered, and a total of 75 women died as victims of violence. The challenge is to disseminate the law and ensure budget implementation. Despite the decriminalization of homosexuality, and a Sexual Diversity Attorney, there are still many challenges. There is a perceived increase in hate crimes against LGBT people and homophobia. In 2012 two LGBT people were murdered, and the finalist in Miss Gay Nicaragua 2012 was mistreated, along with three companions. The Family Code excludes from the definition those who are not a heterosexual couple. (FED Annual Report, 2012). The Supreme Court is still not responding to the constitutional complaint against the abortion ban, brought in 2007. (FED Annual Reports, 2010, 2011). The need to fight for decriminalization continues. On the other hand, a bill on the Amendment and Addition to the Law no. 641 was proposed that permits the exemption from responsibility of those doctors forced to perform an abortion for therapeutic reasons. The OCP assigned September 28 as a day of protest against the penalty. The 2012 Annual Report of FED pointed out some encouraging trends, such as the trend in public opinion, which is favorable to the demands: 76.3% of the population agrees that Nicaragua should revise the laws on abortion. (FED Annual Report, 2012). Although the reform to the Municipalities Act opened the doors for women in the public space ‐ establishing a quota for participation of 50% for women candidates for mayors, deputy mayors and councilors ‐ there are critical voices that consider this to be a control mechanism (the Law tripled the number of councilors), rather than a favorable change for women (FED Annual Report, 2012). Amnesty International reports, the State Department of the United States and the Nicaraguan Center for Human 21 Rights (CENIDH) included serious concerns about human rights violations in the country, specifically referring to the right to live without violence and a total ban on abortion. 3.5 Efficiency Are activities transforming the resources to outputs and outcomes, as planned (quantity, quality and time)? The total FED's budget for Phase I was US$ 11,018,559 as of December 2010 (including September‐
December 2009). The level of implementation was 91% in the four years (see Table 8 in Annex 6). At year end 2012 FED had 44 public organizations and 14 organizations on PPs, and the alliance with FCAM (6 organizations in total). Tables 2 and 3 (below), present the modalities of financing year by year and a compilation of contributions per category per year. Table 2: FED Financing Modalities Budget Years 2010 29
Public calls for proposals (CP) 1,274,253 Programmatic support (AP)30 600,000 Small Projects (PP)31 270,000 Total US$ 2,144,253 Source: FED 11.02.23 Execution Report at 31122010.xls 2011 2,062,600 710,000 274,692 3,047,292 2013 2,780,500 495,000 138,303 3,413,803 29
The pre‐selection made by the AO ‐ using criteria such as the quality of the proposal, budget economic analysis, institutional aspects (according to a project rubric over USD 50,000). From 2010 AO contract external support to assist in the pre‐
selection. The final decision on the selection of the OCP was taken by the Coordination Committee. Topics ‐ with emphasis varieties ‐ were: i. Gender equality, ii. Gender‐based violence, iii. Sexual Rights. The first call to access FED funds Phase I was conducted from October 11 to November 11, 2009, the second from January 3 to February 9, 2012. 30
As recommended by Hivos. 31
In 2010 was allocated an amount of USD 25,000 (100% of the budget) to two organizations (FUNDECOM and FEM) which assisted the civilian population affected by disasters caused by heavy rains in September and October, with special attention to the needs women. 22 Table 3: Contributions by item by year Total 2009‐
2012 Item 2009 2010 1 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PROJECTS 1,800 2,146,353 3,058,357 3,423,900 8630,410 1.1 Public calls for proposals (> $15,000) 1,274,253 2,062,600 2,780,500 6117,353 1.2 Direct allocations 870,000 984,692 633,303 2487,995 1.3 Call and project selection 1,800 2,100 11,065 10,097 25,062 2 CAPACITY BUILDING 0 64,000 89,000 44,000 197,000 3 RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT 5,000 170,420 118,900 123,300 417,620 4 MONITORING, EVALUATION 1,472 38,190 30,180 32,000 101,842 5 ADMINISTRATION DIRECT COST 118,849 315,939 255,757 287,531 978,076 6 ADMINISTRATION INDIRECT COSTS 8,899 248,654 273,751 722,747 TOTAL US$ 136,020 2,926,345 3,800,847 4,184,482 11,047,694 2011 2012 KNOWLEDGE SUPPORT AND 191,443 Source: HIVOS, Communication to assessment team, May 2013 Logical Framework Analysis The final version of the tracking matrix has been more difficult than expected, according to the FED Technical Secretariat (ST)32, because at the beginning there was no baseline, a factor that complicated the process of defining the goals and resulted in underestimation of some indicators and over valuation of others. The final version of the Logical Framework (LF) was not approved until mid‐2010, and OCP needed time for skills development and system management. Furthermore, the increase in resources (the number of organizations and project goals) each year involved changes affecting assessment in terms of efficiency indicators. However, the LF worked as a guide for the implementation and monitoring of progress. Under the long‐
term goal (to contribute to the advancement of gender equality and the full recognition and exercise of sexual and reproductive rights by the Nicaraguan population), 3 specific objectives were formulated, 6 outcome areas and 43 indicators. In general, variations in the achievement of goals were observed33. In quantitative terms: 15 indicators exceeded goals, 15 demonstrated low compliance and 13 had a medium level of compliance. In the evaluation of the LF, the OCP observed that the LF was defined by 32
Annual Report FED, 2012 According data to the end of December 2012 33
23 donors, thus the OCP had to adapt it. Table 7 in Appendix 6 shows the progress of the FED’s Phase I goals. Some observations to improve indicators of possible future phases: 



Broad indicators were selected to be inclusive, but this made quantification difficult It must be ensured that the indicators are clear, specific, realistic and relevant It is recommended to minimize the number of indicators, and use only one measurement per indicator (i.e., not including the number and percentage) For process indicators, include annual assessment and review of milestones, to ensure they are realistic and useful; the assessment may also include the indicators themselves, to ensure that they remain relevant. Observations related to planning34 A high level of implementation of resources has been achieved in terms of time and quality: 94% (2010), 84% (2011) and 98% in 2012. A high level of performance was seen in the contribution to projects (average 93% for 2010‐2012). In addition, a high level of performance was achieved in 'Capacity Building' (average 94% for 2010‐2012). The lowest levels of execution were in the areas 'Research and knowledge management' (average 65% for 2010‐2012), monitoring, and accompaniment and evaluation (average 62% for 2010‐2012), although annual reports reported a good level of compliance in most of the goals related to accompanying partners, monitoring visits and follow‐up meetings. The low level of performance in 'Research and knowledge management' was related to lack of resources (by the OCP) and M&E to lack of time (by the ST). Most of the approved budget was given under the three modes: Public Calls for Proposals (CP), Programme Support (AP), and Small Projects (PP)35. This diversity in modalities was viewed favorably (see also section 3.6 Effectiveness for development). The total FED financial resources to be allocated to the Public Notice (CP) modality should not exceed 55% of the total amount allocated for contributions to projects (AP 35% and 10% PP)36. In addition, 70% of budget was foreseen for the item 'Contribution to projects' and in its various forms the expected distribution was: 70% for CP, 20% AP, 10% for PP. In 2012 the contribution to CP was the highest of the three years (81%) and the lowest for PP (4%). All programs funded under the three modalities (CP, AP, PP) achieved a good level of performance. The OCP that receive funds under the Public calls modality, have a positive valuation as those projects had duration of two years, which allowed them to continue in the process and get better results. The CP character also allowed the FED to include a variety of organizations and projects supported in different areas of the country. For most organizations, FED is a financing alternative in a context where the sexual and reproductive rights are affected by government policies and the withdrawal of cooperation. (FED Annual Report, 2010), although in the beginning the selection of the OCP had a high cost to the ST in the administrative organization, in terms of time and management. 34
See Table 7 in Annex 6 PP includes: small projects, support to punctual activities, strategies with prioritized groups. 36
FED Operating Regulations, 2010. 35
24 The organizations supported were present in many areas, gave permanent visibility to the issue of therapeutic abortion, and were instrumental in the enactment of the law 779. Si Mujer mobilized in many areas, so that the law was approved as best as possible, and the same with Puntos de Encuentro. With regard to the reform of Law 238 on HIV‐AIDS, many AP organizations have played an important role. Puntos de Encuentro publicized it in its TV series and magazine, with a nationwide audience. The revision of the Family Code has joined every organization, and program support organizations are playing an important role, especially Puntos de Encuentro and SI Mujer. Organizations that received funding for small projects appreciated the opportunity to access these financial resources, but above all, to work with FED and participate in the institutional strengthening activities offered by the Technical Secretariat. However, organizations under this modality believe that the FED should "... have agile and flexible procedures. We are in the process of promoting actions in short time, with few resources and in an adversarial context" (Annual Evaluation Report FED, 2010). To implement emergency actions, FED contacted the UNFPA, who had experience in supporting emergencies; UNFPA also provided assistance to combine emergency actions with prevention and popular education. FED has demonstrated its efficiency in terms of resource use and reduction in bureaucracy by donors, representing an added value for them. The donors have evaluated the Fund as a very efficient modality because it decreased their bureaucracy, executed more projects, and through the Fund the geographical coverage of projects was extended37. It has managed to reach communities with difficult access through Community strategies and programmatic support, thus decreasing costs. The number of projects, organizations and attended by the FED budget increase each year. It implies a higher working pressure for staff, and a limitation of the time to reflect on the more strategic aspects of the job. As in previous years, some organizations required more support, especially in monitoring budget execution. Justification of costs The FED indicators and targets do not allow at this time a quantitative cost‐benefit analysis. However, there is evidence of success and achievement of outcomes, among which the awareness‐raising regarding Act 779 is prominent. This has led to an increase in the numbers of complaints every year and an expanded role of OCP on the accompaniment of victims in their complaints to the authorities (police and health units), and the possibility of hosting some of the women. During the implementation of the Fund, 21,955 cases of violence were attended by the OCP of FED; as a cumulative target it exceeded its goal. About 1,000 women were treated in shelters supported by the FED, where they received, in addition to safety, the moral and psychological support to rebuild their new lives. With the help of FED, shelters survived the economic crisis (caused by the departure of donors), but also extended their methodology of working with communities, families and community leaders. 37
In 2010, it was noted that organizations had a presence in 17 departments and 77 municipalities (50% of the country). Although, in that year the absence of the municipalities that are classified in the categories of the poor and vulnerable (Chontales, Madriz, Boaco, Jinotega, Rivas and Autonomous Regions, etc.) was also reported. This was taken into account in the following years. 25 The FED also represented an important factor for minority/marginalized groups as LGBT. FED was the first ‐ and only ‐ Fund in the country which focused its role to put LGBT on the agenda for human rights, and to accompany them in defending violations of their rights. Did the donor contributions arrive as planned? Were these transferred in a timely manner to the counterparts? During the implementation of FED, more funds were received than planned, which was an expression of confidence in the working mechanism of FED, and support for their mission by donors. For example, in 2011 an additional contribution of Finland allowed the Technical Secretariat budget to increase by 9%. This allowed adjustments in budgets of the projects that had been selected in a public call for 201138. They also received additional funding from Norway, Holland and GIZ. In 2012, the allocation increased by 10% compared to 2011, due to additional contributions from donors. In general, inputs arrived according to plan, there were no significant delays, and the transfers to the OCP were done on time. Quality of technical assistance An excellent rating is given to the technical assistance provided, in terms of the administrative/financial and subject‐matter quality. According to testimony from the OCP in interviews and annual assessments of FED, follow‐up visits have been positive. Technical assistance has enabled smooth communication and builds a good working relationship based on an environment of trust. Relations have been at a horizontal level, allowing OCP to have accompaniment, technical and administrative support. The OCP have valued the ST's technical team as being very capable to work with the counterparts in their various specialties. There has been an almost permanent and systemic support from the beginning, helping to improve different aspects: "offer opportunities to improve rather than cut."39 In addition, the training they provided was assessed positively, specifically to improve the processes of the intervention, thematic knowledge, and the strengthening of the technical teams of the organizations. FED assessments together with OCP, allowed them to see the work of other OCP in the Fund, identifying complementary experiences, and form partnerships40. 3.6 Development Effectiveness Products and planned results (Quality, quantity) and use by the beneficiaries and stakeholders. FED: achieved its purpose? Do stakeholders consider that the planned benefits have been delivered and received? Outputs and outcomes were planned and implemented well in terms of quantity and quality (although there were differences between the results of different OCP in terms of their internal capacity), so it can be concluded that FED advanced to its purpose in terms of effectiveness. The OCP applied a variety of strategies, among which are: advocacy, public mobilization, demand and complaint, participation in interagency coordination bodies, mass communication, awareness, etc., and its level of implementation depending on their mission, capacity, and appropriation of goals. Without comparison, some trends can be seen. For example, in relation to the advocacy strategy, actions at the 38
Financial performance report, January‐December 2011, FED/Hivos. FED’s Evaluation Workshop. Workshop Report, Part I: Context Analysis. FED 2010. 40
FED’s Evaluation Workshop. Workshop Report, Part I: FED’s Assessment. FED 2010. 39
26 local level were more effective in comparison with those made at the national level. In the context "Complaint and Accusation" strategy in support of victims of gender violence, it was considered that complaints "from the streets" were more successful and were more effective than in formal conferences, which generally resulted in a greater recognition of violence as a problem of society as a whole, and in particular are able provide assistance to victims of domestic violence, from receipt of the complaint to the trial, and provision of family support. Some of the OCP, such as shelters, have supplemented their role to protect and care for women and girls, with prevention and community education activities. (See also 5. Lessons learned). Table 13 in Annex 7 summarizes the main achievements each year, including: Related to the objective of 'Promotion and defense of gender equity and equality, by organized citizens' (Objective 1) FED has contributed significantly to the political advocacy for the prevention of gender‐
based violence and no‐discrimination, and contributed to put these issues in the public debate. The approval of Law 779 and reforms in the Criminal Code and Family gave a big boost in the prevention and specific attention (violence prevention, and care for victims of gender violence), and FED contributed through OCP working on these issues and DDSSRR, leaving other issues such as therapeutic abortion and masculinity in the background. Many activities are reported in the area of 'defense of sexual and reproductive rights by organized citizens' (Objective 2) around the dissemination of information on relevant topics in DDSSRR, and assistance in the defense of rights and the inclusion of prioritized populations. In the 2012 Annual Report, it concluded that it has gradually given greater visibility to the participation of indigenous and ethnic groups, people with disabilities and LGBT, although there are still many challenges. Thanks to support from FED, an increased ability by the OCP to work the particular problems of each group was reported. On the issue of gender identity and sexual diversity more interest and knowledge has been gained by many of the OCP – including those that previously didn’t work on these issues, and have begun work on the subject directly in conjunction with LGBT groups. In terms of 'Strengthening the OCP' (Objective 3), it is judged that the FED has been instrumental, not only in the institutional growth of many of them, but also with knowledge and skills to tackle the fundamental issues of the Fund, as gender equality, and more attention to masculinity ‐a topic foreign to many, especially to feminist OCP's. FED supplies economic stability of the OCP, but also support in their struggle for human rights and active participation in public spaces, although, as concluded in the Annual Report 2012 (FED / Hivos) "that access in national authorities is increasingly difficult and the possibility of an impact is minimal." Although in general the contributions of ST with respect to knowledge management were highly valued, some organizations indicated weaknesses and limitations for budgetary reasons, which forced them to limit research41. It can be concluded that FED achieved its goal of strengthening civil society, seen in the growth of the OCPs, in terms of capacity/institutional management and knowledge of the purpose of FED. Increasingly, the OCPs that were not working in sexual and reproductive rights earlier are now assuming that topic. It was not able to create a common platform among the OCP, as was expected, but it was not a formal objective of FED. There is evidence of ad hoc partnerships around specific issues and actions, such as the fight to decriminalize therapeutic abortion, and influence the articulation of the Family Code. 41
FED Evaluation Workshop, Workshop Report. Part II: Assessment of the FED. FED 2010. 27 Tables 13 and 14, in Annex 7 summarize the progress towards results as planned. In Box 3 are examples of specific results. Box 3: Specific results Si Mujer, in partnership with the National Commission for the Fight against AIDS (CONISIDA), has conducted departmental meetings to review and validate the reform initiative and Additions to the Law on HIV 238 that was introduced in the National Assembly in mid‐2010. Various organizations formed an alliance with the aim of influencing the State, to sign the Optional Protocol to the CEDAW, getting dialogues with MPs, workshops with women, signature‐gathering and dissemination in the mass media. It was possible to put on the public agenda the importance of this international legal instrument on the rights of women. The Cumiches of Esteli, affect the Ministry of Education, through the student government of high schools for addressing sexual and reproductive rights in the department's study centers, and also participated actively in making decisions Municipal Commission for Children and Adolescents. In 2012, the FED in conjunction with the Women's Network Against Violence, Puntos de Encuentro and Si Mujer, organized a forum regarding the Family Code. There was a high level of participation of people from 8 departments and two autonomous regions. Two media attended to cover the event and thee was participation of social movements, such as the Federation of Persons with Disabilities, lesbian, gay and transgender, broader women's movement, representatives of the Caribbean Coast, bilateral donors (Luxembourg, Finland). The forum put into discussion and provides information about the articles that were approved in the National Assembly and the views of civil society organizations, particularly over sexual diversity, people with disabilities and women feminists. Source: Annual Reports of the FED Were there behavior changes as planned? Regarding behavioral changes there has been progress in terms of a change of attitude of the victims of violence, towards greater motivation to file a complaint42. But in relation to behaviors related to the ability of prioritized groups to take sexual and reproductive decisions in an autonomous and knowledgeable manner, there have not been changes in the short‐term. It is important to note that their measurement is more complex, because generally research or studies in "Knowledge, Attitude and Practice" (CAP) are needed to show progress. FED CAP will provide a study in mid‐2013. Was there enough coverage of priority groups? The Fund was able to reach the prioritized groups, in addition to the Nicaraguan population in the areas where civil society organizations developed their work. In the Fund were included organizations that promoted gender equality, empowerment and rights of women, and those who worked for the recognition and defense of the DDSSRR. It managed to include movements and groups defending the rights of indigenous and ethnic communities, persons with disabilities, and sexual diversity. The category 'Small Project' was an effective instrument to finance OCPs working in marginalized and isolated communities. A strategy that facilitated the work with these groups was the hiring of FCAM as umbrella organization for LGBT to work with 6 groups that had no legal status. This strategy resulted in organizational strengthening of these groups, and the contacts of FCAM at international level have 42
Information of the OCP, no quantified data. 28 allowed a broader exchange of experiences and reflection on the lessons learned by LGBT movements in other countries. The projects have helped to wake up new sectors (and groups) of the population, such as youth, in some public and private schools (Matagalpa, San Ramon, Leon, Tonala, Estelí, Ciudad Sandino, Managua, Ciudad Sandino), private institutions, and religious' colleges (Estelí), forums or meetings with young people in 8 departments, on the right to decide. Are there effects in terms of institutional strengthening (governmental and private organizations)? Although the government institutional strengthening was not one of the objectives of the Fund, some of the OCP have reported advances in the establishment of functional relationships with local authorities, for example43: 
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The Women's Collective Masaya, in coordination with MINSA, agreed to execute a plan for screening and care for women with cervical‐uterine cancer, teen pregnancy prevention, and HIV sampling. FUNDECOM, reached agreements with public institutions: MINSA, Municipalities, the Police‐
Commissioner for Women and Children, to care for women in extreme poverty affected by the floods. They managed to mobilize medical teams to care for this population, coordinating actions and optimizing available resources of each institution. FADCANIC's promoters work with MINSA and the police in dealing with victims of violence. UCA‐San Ramon has affected the incorporation of specific demands in the 2011 municipal planning, mobilizing young people to participate in the consultations on the municipal budget, reaching agreements that incorporate prevention activities on sexual and reproductive health in the budget of the municipality. They have also achieved the inclusion of representatives (women and youth) of cooperatives in the various municipal committees (of children and youth, gender, etc.). Text Box 4: Link with local authorities The Youth Association of Ometepe (AMOJO) achieved the establishment of municipal government commitments to the island of Ometepe, for the publication of printed materials, information on issues of sexual and reproductive rights, STDs and HIV, violence against women, etc. The Association also reached an interagency agreement between the MINSA and Municipalities for the provision of fuel for the mobilization of nurses who offer care and information on sexual health to young people through the teen club. They have obtained the Mayor's lawyer support for claims of teenage mothers for alimony, and on maintaining an open window of the Ministry of the Family at City Hall. Source: FED’s Annual Report 2010 3.7 Impact Is there progress towards the overall objective of the Fund? The long‐term goal of FED was "to contribute to the advancement of gender equality and the full recognition and exercise of the DDSSRR of the Nicaraguan population" with the following indicators: maternal mortality, incidence of HIV and AIDS, rate adolescent fertility, number of complaints of sexual 43
FED’s Annual Report, 2011. 29 orientation discrimination, etc. It cannot quantify the role of FED changes in these indicators for reasons of attribution and multi‐causality. However, their contributions can be identified and these have already been addressed in previous sections. Do the indicators show that the planned changes have begun? In mid‐2013 a study will be implemented of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice (CAP)44, which will measure the impact indicators related to changes in attitude and practice. The evidence generated by this assessment through interviews, observations and reports of FED will identify trends that have begun to change the beneficiary level. For this it is important that the Fund explore in this study, some positive changes that were perceived during this assessment. For example, a reduction of violence in areas of interventions, increased knowledge of DDSSRR, and a willingness to report and seek care in case of violence. It is also perceived a positive change and openness to discuss the issue of violence, at the community level. How was the Fund expected to contribute to the empowerment of women? A large majority of the projects were aimed at empowering women, for example: 
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Those who are focused on improving knowledge of laws and DDSSRR. Programs focused on increasing self‐esteem and women empowerment. The program for victims of violence offered by shelters while supporting women in creating new life projects, while providing protection and health care, and legal issues. Programs related to participation, yielded results in the increase in the numbers of women who assumed leadership in political spaces. Testimonials from participants in the focus groups illustrated what the project/activity meant for their personal lives. The educators UCA San Ramón for example talked about the changes in their lives, as they themselves fought for their rights within cooperatives and gender equity in the relationship with their partners. Although many of these processes began in a period prior to Phase I of the Fund, the testimony stressed the importance of participation in empowerment and the Fund's contribution in that kind of change. 3.8 Sustainability What factors enhance the sustainability of action? The high level of commitment from the OCP will be a crucial factor in the sustainability of action in the future. Selecting OCP whose mission is aligned with the objectives of the Fund increases sustainability. The involvement of community leaders, for example in organizing events and training, also will support sustainability. There is a difference in level of sustainability of activities financed by the Fund, according the type or pattern of financing. Organizations receiving short‐term support (usually for specific events that 44
In 2011 became the first CAP, which was intended to obtain information on knowledge, attitudes and practices of the Nicaraguan population on issues of gender equity, and sexual and reproductive rights in Nicaragua. Participants were people of both sexes between 15‐80 years (a random survey in different parts of the country, including the Caribbean). 30 themselves are not sustainable) indicating the weakness of its financial position and the low likelihood of sustainability of their programs. The OCP that received programmatic support or funding from the multi‐year program, valued the type of financing as an important factor in the sustainability of their organization/action. This type of support gives to the OCP time to concentrate on the implementation of its programs and projects, instead of worrying about the funds. It must also be recognized that organizations receiving program support are stronger and have greater prospects for sustainability. The quantity and quality of technical support from the ST to the OPC was one of the foundations of sustainability of actions. The Fund invested in the development of the OCP, in terms of strengthening the SC and improve learning on the subject of human rights, DDSSRR and EG/IG. Increased knowledge in this was regarded highly valued by the OCP. Factors unfavorable to sustainability High level of dependence on donor funds. In some organizations, almost 100% of its budget was funded by FED and the organizations themselves will not survive without these funds. Although the global economic crisis and the departure of donors affects many of OSC, the chance of survival is greater in organizations that have multiple sources of income or are able to generate additional funds, which are well established, with professional staff, and administrative, and managerial capacity (see above). In Nicaragua, there are missing factors that did not facilitate work in EG and DDSSRR for civil society organizations ‐ factors such as government support, level of knowledge of rights and laws among the population, and cultural norms that facilitate social and religious respect and the requirement of human rights, is not a factor for sustainability facilitator. What initiatives were included in the project / program to sustain the action (s)? FED has invested in technical assistance to OCP, and its administrative support and the specific topic of the Fund, which will increase the sustainability actions. It also has facilitated and encouraged the sharing and collaboration of OCP. Management and administration How is the quality of planning, monitoring, and reporting valued, including use of indicators, resource management and HR, finance, cooperation and communication, among stakeholders? Table 4 systematizes the assessment of FED and OCP related to management and administration. 31 Table 4: Assessment of management / administrative FED / OCP Item Planning Monitoring Reporting Using indicators Resource Management FED Hivos assumed entirely the FED management, which resulted in some changes to the Fund's inception45. The initial phase of FED was complex and meant more time than anticipated, related to the formation of a technical team, and the heavy weight of partners’ selection (CP 2009). In the first months of the Fund formats, background documents46 and logical framework were developed. 2010 also reported an operational workload that limited the OA in conducting advocacy activities, positioning, fund management, etc. (IA 2010). High value to the M&E instruments: Monitoring and support visits to the OCP, preparation and implementation of an automated monitoring system (SISME); highly accessible and informative web page (http://www.fed.org.ni/ ). However, the 2011 annual report identified obstacles, one of them being the difficulty to handle the current platform that requires many steps to enter information. FED Reports (annual reports, financial statements, assessments with OCP) are high quality, very complete and informative. The annual reports were highly specific in describing the progress and challenges related to administrative and thematic issues. Evaluation of the use of indicators, worked as a guide to implementation and evaluation. Problems with some indicators (multi‐interpretable) hindered quantification and measurement The general management of resources was efficient, considering the search as OCP There were initially problems using SISME, and complaints about the inability to include progress beyond the FED results areas. Furthermore, the system only allows handling of quantitative data, and not qualitative. Another limitation with SISME for the programmatic support OCP, in particular, is that they have developed processes that need to be monitored from a holistic perspective and qualitatively, which is not possible with the system. In general, OCP reported no problems using the FED format to conform its annual report. It helps to inform activities in narrative form not recorded in the SISME. Overall, FED indicators represented only part of the work of the OCP, and most of them reported difficulties with delivering quantitative information on the SISME (particularly at the start of the program). Differences were noted between organizations (size, capacity, previous 45
The initial proposal for the ST was introduced by a consortium including the Central American Women's Fund (FCAM), Oxfam Canada, and Central American Women's Fund. Hivos was appointed to the role of ST and partners formed an Advisory Committee of the FED. (FED Annual Report, 2009) 46
Including the RO, and Base Document FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATIVE MANUAL (FED / Hivos, March 2010 32 Item and Finance FED far as possible from economies of scale. It established an efficient way of sharing between OCP and alliances. Funds were delivered on time. HR Management FED HR Rating: little change in the composition of the team of FED. High level of commitment. Cooperation High level of C&C between OA and DL/CC and (2 or 3 meetings per year and according communication to needs). High level of C&C between FED and the OCP: tours, gatherings / meetings, and workshops). High level of technical assistance to organizations depends on their needs. The website was intended to expand knowledge and visibility of the OCP (among them, and the general public), but failed this goal. Source: Prepared by assessment team/FCG team. OCP experience with donors) in terms of resource management and finance. As indicated in the 2012 annual report "Also for 2013 it is required to continue working with organizations in supporting the management of resources and institutional sustainability and continued monitoring and close follow up of the implementation of the projects as some organizations have presented difficulties".
Projects/small organizations needed more support and assistance in these processes. Also in this issue differences were noted among the OCP. They highly value the motivation and commitment of volunteers, educators. High level of C & C between OCP and FED ST. High level of C & C with their trainers and intermediaries at work. It established a photographic record of the work of the OCP for the FED website and other materials. Using the website for knowledge management has not been what was expected, due to technical difficulties. Is the balance of power and responsibilities among actors and stakeholders appropriate? The balance of power and responsibility between the OCP and ST was appropriate, in terms of respect and openness, availability and accessibility. The OCP perceived FED as counterpart/partner, and did not feel imbalance of power. The relationship was very open and close compared to other funds/donors, with more communication and technical support. ST's staff respected the nature, diversity and dynamics of work of each organization47. According to observations in FED's 2012 Annual Report: "The organizations know the FED and its mechanisms and are increasingly looking for help to improve their activities, and to carry out joint activities. They look the FED as an ally of their work and this is the result of a process". An appropriate balance of power and responsibility between the OPC and their promoters was evident. 47
FED Evaluation Workshop, Workshop Report. Part II: Assessment FED 2010. 33 Are risks properly managed, and was there flexible adaptation to unforeseen circumstances? Hivos developed a contingency plan to prepare the activities of OA and the Coordinating Committee for a possible crisis situation48. The development of the Plan was one of the lessons learned from the pilot phase, and took into account the CSO comments about the lack of communication among them, with the administering organization and donors in the context of disputes between the State and the civil society organizations. Mainly this regarded organizations that were working on the right of women to therapeutic abortion, democracy, human rights and sexual and reproductive rights. It was important that the FED and partners were aware of changes and trends in context, analyzed the risks and opportunities, and took appropriate proactive measures. For organizations, this meant an internal review of its operations and strengthening in several areas, for the fulfillment of their legal, tax and labor commitments. (Contingency Plan, FED / Hivos 2010)49. In addition to prevention, FED demonstrated its skill and ability to mitigate risks, such as referring to the workload associated with the Public Call for Proposals 2009, when the ST team was totally new, and the mitigation action was the hiring of a panel of experts for this task. (FED Annual Report, 2009) The ST was also considered highly flexible, always available to discuss options, problems and alternatives with the OCP. Finally, an amount was allocated for necessary action ‐ "in emergency situations such as natural disasters, epidemics, and special circumstances of human rights violations related to the work of FED, the CC may delegate to the management organization, the decision regarding FED's contributions to such organizations" (Operating Regulations, FED 2010). In 2010 two organizations (FUNDECOM and FEM) received funding to assist the civilian population affected by disasters caused by heavy rains. To implement this type of support UNFPA was contacted, an organization with experience in supporting communities in emergencies, who provided documentation and advice in the implementation of priority activities and coordinated to prevent and manage the consequences that an emergency can have on vulnerable groups, regarding the violation of sexual and reproductive rights and gender violence. For this reason support packages were included with minimum support services for reproductive health in emergency situations. 3.10 Effectiveness of Donor / support How has FED contributed to the commitments to promote alignment, harmonization, ownership and management for development? The principles of coordination, alignment, harmonization, ownership, and mutual responsibility ‐ processes of the Paris Declaration, 2005 ‐ have been central principles of collaboration between international partners of the Fund during Phase I. The Government of Nicaragua and much of the donor community are signatories to the Paris Declaration, and agreed with the action agenda of the High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness for Development held in Accra (September 2008), which recognizes between other things, the need to address coherently the issues on gender equality and respect for human rights 48
FED, Contingency Plan, 10.10.26, FED Final.doc The Action Plan indicates actions and responsible persons on issues related to policies, outreach and communication, administrative, official communication and attention to administrative and organizational measures. Most of the measures envisaged in the Plan was implemented and / or taken into account (eg discussion with OCP over principles of OA and elaboration of the basic guidelines, maintaining FED in diplomatic agenda, and FED's visibility at opportune moments. 49
34 in policies, and participation, and coordination with civil society organizations (Background Paper, interviews). FED was created to establish forums for dialogue between CSOs and government on related policies, facilitate the participation of the SC in national monitoring of the Paris and Accra commitments, and contribute to the improvement of its indicators. Despite difficulties to create spaces during the implementation of the Fund for the participation of the SC (which was not achieved in full), progress was evident on particular topics, such as constructing a space to generate dialogue with the Government around the new Family Code. FED has reduced administrative processes for donors in managing small projects and leverage of cooperation resources, and achieve a greater number of benefits. It has also led to greater harmonization of partners in decision‐making processes through the delegation of tasks to a lead donor (Background Paper, interviews). FED facilitated an improved capacity of the SC on the issues of gender equity and rights in Nicaragua, and its ability to bring relevant issues to the public agenda. Donor confidence was strengthened in a very respectful environment and they have given their support for the consolidation of the mechanism (FED Annual Report, 2012). In addition, FED made visible promoted the OCP work, through the ST participation in meetings with various actors in the international cooperation, and the Inter‐Agency Commission on Gender (CIG). This space has been important as a means to know the different initiatives of the development cooperation partners in relation to the issues of FED, and to provide the ability to coordinate activities. There is evidence of alignment and harmonization at the level of civil society on specific activities, but there isn’t a widespread or programmatic alignment. A certain level of fragmentation of civil society continues, as would be expected, in view of the fact that each organization has its own mission, objectives and activities. However, some recognized the advantage of alliances (such as the network of shelters) and work together on specific issues such as the Family Code and therapeutic abortion. There is only evidence at the local level of harmonized and aligned actions between the OCP and state institutions. 3.11 Coherence Did contradictions with other policies prevent the implementation and achievement of the general objectives of the program? In general, the Fund's objectives agreed with the objectives of a number of recently established strategies, policies and laws in Nicaragua, such as the National Strategy for Sexual and Reproductive Health (2008), the National Gender Policy (2007), the National Policy on Prevention and Control of STIs, HIV and AIDS, 392 Promotion Act Comprehensive Youth Development, Domestic Violence Laws, Act for Responsible Parenthood, and the Law on Equal Rights and Opportunities. No contradictions or current policies that limit the implementation and achievement of program objectives were evident. However, a major challenge remains with the illegality of therapeutic abortion, established in the New Penal Code (2008). There are other factors, beyond policies, that influenced the implementation and achievement of the objectives of the Fund, including the presence of social 35 prejudices, which make receive mixed messages from the church and from the projects. Also, as noted in the annual reports of the FED, there is a level of resistance from some state institutions to assume their roles and responsibilities and provide appropriate conditions for women and others victims who come in search of support and care, instead of complaint. Welfare has created dependency and passivity in the population, and how many OCP have denounced, there no real secular state currently in Nicaragua. 36 4 Conclusions and recommendations Table 5: Conclusions and recommendations Theme FED ‐ General Conclusions FED has established itself as a solid and consolidated mechanism to make progress in the issues of the Fund in Nicaragua. It has generated confidence amongst the SC and international cooperation. The implementation of specific activities has allowed increased knowledge related to the theme and the visibility of the Fund/OCP in the Nicaraguan community. Stakeholders (SC, the OCP, and international cooperation) positively value the Fund for their effective role and place relevant issues on the public agenda and implement concrete actions related IG /EG and DDSSRR, at various levels. The FED represented great support to the SC and allowed activism on the issue of human rights, and gave considerable support for the struggles and work of the OSC in recent years. Counterpart FED gave support to 75 OCP over the last years, which allowed them to implement organizations relevant activities in the country, advancing the public agenda for DDSSRR and (OCP) – General EG/IG. For a majority of OCP, the FED meant an establishment and institutional strengthening of high contribution to the work done. Also, through the same OC, FED achievement to maintain presence and visibility in the struggle for human rights. Although the Administrative Organization encouraged the cooperation and collaboration of the OCP, few managed to create structural alliances (with the exception of the Network of the Shelters), beyond ad hoc alliances around specific events. The output of donors will cause greater competition for funds and possibly the disappearance of some NGOs. FED ‐ Most of the fund budget was allocated to project contributions. The diversification Contributions to of funding allocation in the three modalities allowed includes a variety of OCP (type projects and size). The decision to allocate multi‐year funds and to provide programmatic support was efficient and effective. In the three years of the implementation there are 75 organizations attended (133 projects / contracts). In addition to funds, opportunities were included for punctual activities, and or emergency. Recommendations  It is recommended to develop a fundraising strategy (with donors, banks, private funds), to ensure continuity of FED and start a new phase of FED.  Encourage the formation of partnerships and exploit opportunities for joint work.  Sustaining the web page to ensure visibility of the OCP (as individual platform, and the products include studies and reports) in front of the general public, and international cooperation.  Approve multi‐year projects and diversify counterparts for greater thematic and territorial coverage and diversity of organizations working with different target populations.  Continue applying different modalities: programmatic support funding combined with event/specific projects and the inclusion of organizations that have not been covered in the public calls for proposals.  Assign specific resources to meet the needs of priority groups by the FED. 37 Theme Conclusions Recommendations FED – Capacity The ST has invested in capacity development (in terms of time and attention). It has  Keep a similar structure with a strong role in building applied formation processes, organized and appropriate to the needs of the OCP. support of the OCP, exchange of information The constant training of counterpart team members, allowed an update of and experiences, but with more emphasis on information, strengthening methodologies and concepts. There was a diversification financial sustainability of OCP (strengthen in terms of thematic approaches (specific themes and administrative/management) their capacity to raise funds and income). and training (workshops, visits, accompaniment, etc.). It was not possible that OCP  Be useful / create opportunities for feedback. assume a role of liaison and support to strengthen the smaller OCP. The OCP has valued joint workshops and events (such as the evaluation of FED) as a factor that allowed them to know experiences of other organizations locally, nationally and internationally. FED ‐ The FED's technical team is valued as a very professional and dedicated. A good  Maintain horizontal relationships between Management organizational structure was established, with lines of communication open donor / Fund and OCP. and coordination between the OA, DL and CC and their counterparts. Attendance at OCP was timely  Continue to apply a certain level of flexibility, (such as training workshops for the administrative management of the funds) in i.e. in case of small changes to the budget, order to overcome the limitations encountered and improve management. FED had taking into accounts the needs and periods of operational work overload, especially in the selection of the OCP, and characteristics of the OCP. follow‐up monitoring, limiting OA in performing other actions, such as participation in events. The joint work of the administrative and technical FED's area allows a better follow up to the job, especially budget execution. OA has valued accompanying donors, particularly the lead donor. FED/OCP ‐ Research by FED and OCP have allowed collection of statistical data and  Invest more in developing skills in this area (do Research and strengthening of the work of public policy advocacy and incidence, but has also research and improve the implementation of knowledge been an important instrument to increase awareness on the issue among the OCP. the results for planning and increase management In some cases, the process was participatory with recipients (e.g. the young knowledge). women). Forums stimulated discussion and dissemination of information, and also  Give more attention to the dissemination of allowed leaders to learn new methodologies and approaches to addressing gender the results of the various actions taken, and issues, feminism and violence. However, there were weaknesses in this area: lack of not only locally, but also link them with time, and the limited capacity in the country, for example to establish an advocacy at the national level. observatory on sexual and reproductive rights has limited the ability of FED and the OCP to implement this field. FED has implemented initiatives to encourage greater exchange of experiences, eg during workshops and joint assessments, however it is feel that these were insufficient, considering the demand to improve thematic knowledge. In the IA 2012 concluded that OA had no time to consolidate the component 'knowledge management'. This remain pending for the next phase, in which more emphasize current knowledge building for social innovation and strengthening of new actors for social change, and the use of technology to enhance the changes. 38 Theme Conclusions Recommendations FED ‐ OA devoted much time to the monitoring and accompaniment of the OCP in a Monitoring, timely and flexible manner, through site visits and direct communications with the supervision and OCP. That support has been useful both for FED and management for organizations. evaluation The logical framework served as a guide in the planning and monitoring of compliance with the goals. The planned annual evaluation meetings with the OCP have been essential to the growth of knowledge, feedback and learning. There were also spaces for the creation of partnerships among all OCP. FED/OCP ‐ Through projects funded have increased capacity to promote the thematic and the Thematic mobilization of civil society. FED was able to identify and fund projects in a strategically manner, boosted by the FED's Logical Framework instrument. During the implementation of the Fund, violence prevention and victims' care has been important in the work of the OCP (incidence, reporting and prevention), but more importantly after the adoption of Law 779. In the context of the struggle for the adoption and dissemination of the Act has created opportunities for discussion and opportunities for partnerships. It sees the need to expand the understanding of the issue of violence as an issue related to gender equity. Other important issues were DDSSRR, which includes sexual diversity. The thematic of masculinity and discrimination against people with HIV and AIDS have been relatively little addressed by organizations.  Involve users in the development of M & E tools (ML, monitoring and tracking systems, system planning, etc.).  Develop an M&E system not only oriented to accountability to donors, but also for the M & E of their own OCP.  Conduct research that strengthens the thematic approach.  Invest in thematic forums and involving technical equipment of OCP in formation processes, events, and national meetings.  Promote the inclusion of men in the issue of gender equity, violence prevention and DDSSRR.  Include young people and adolescents in the subject. Although the organizations that FED supported works too much with young people and teenagers, and even some youth membership like Cumiches, AMOJO and Agents of Change, is important to consider the strengthening of working with this age group for a second phase.  Unify a common agenda and messages. 39 5. Learned lessons FED – General During implementation ‐ especially in the beginning of the FED ‐ the need to rationalize the number of public calls (put a roof, to select OCP according to themes), and include OCP from other sectors, such as the economic sector and others that directly serve prioritized populations, was one of the main lessons learned. This influenced the significant advance of the proposed goals, strengthening in addressing the issues and giving greater territorial coverage. Another lesson learned was the importance of strengthening the OCP. Approving projects for a period of two years allowed organizations to develop continuous processes and get better results with their target. The implementation of the Programmatic Support mode, was a lesson in itself: it was useful in expanding the coverage (in thematic and geographical terms), but difficult in terms of establishing the conditions for M&E. Counterpart Organizations ‐ General One lesson learned was the importance of accompanying the OCP in its institutional strengthening (administration and management) and in the thematic topics, especially on issues related to sexual diversity, and to learn the focus of violence from a gender equity perspective. During implementation the importance was recognized of fostering partnerships, and encouraging coordination and collaboration with other organizations in the territory, especially when sharing common goals. Another lesson learned was the recognition of the importance of coordination with local authorities to support projects and concrete actions, such as the creation of local committees of childhood against violence, and others. The creation of spaces in different areas was useful, to promote awareness of human rights and specific topics. FED ‐ Contributions to projects An important lesson was the desirability of approving projects of medium duration (2‐3 years). Also in the public announcements FED had to take a proactive role in the selection of organizations and projects to achieve greater thematic and territorial coverage through the diversity of organizations. Hiring a panel for selection of projects has proven to be an efficient mechanism for meeting the commitments and requirements of FED. One of the lessons learned related to the AP was that OCP that receive this type of fund, have developed their strategic plans freely, and using finance to cover the budget gaps that they had. But it has been a learning process for the FED and the organizations involved, mainly because they are accustomed to act as project support and on the other hand, mechanisms and instruments FED are not designed for this modality. The mechanism for allocating funds through specific projects was timely because it allowed them to meet the demands of organizations that have not been covered in the public calls for proposals. A special feature was the allocation of specific resources to meet the needs of prioritized groups by the FED, which in 2010 focused on a strategy of working with sexual diversity. The prioritized population was attended, and a strategy was developed for working with LGBT groups. Progress was made in working with indigenous and ethnic populations in the Caribbean coast (north and south) and the region of the Segovias. The Alliance, which is bringing together all groups of persons with disabilities, was supported, as well as the organization of Blind people Marisela Toledo. In all cases promoting 40 rapprochement between these organizations and women's organizations with more experience working for reciprocal knowledge transfer was attempted. FED ‐ Management and coordination One of the lessons related to management and coordination was the role of communication. The open and flexible communication was highly important and allowed the generation of positive results for both parties. One lesson learned was the need to keep the communication channel established (lead donor) between donors and OA. It also demonstrates the importance of donor accompaniment and shaping of work together to strengthen the management of the Fund. The partnership between the FED's administrative and technical area has allowed better tracking to work. In addition, the visibility of the FED was an important element to raise funds. These processes imply that both the OA and donors should set aside time for participation, being involved in external events and instances of coordination. FED/OCP ‐ Research and knowledge management The lesson learned in this component was the need to enhance the dissemination of the results of the various actions undertaken (forums, research, studies, etc.). That allows socialization of information and makes the knowledge generated more accessible. The territorial forums have been very important because local problems are discussed with local stakeholders; however it requires connecting them with advocacy actions nationwide level. One lesson learned was the need to allocate funds for the observatories. The importance of visibility and conveying messages in various environments was recognized. The importance of research in the themes and the territory of the OCP was also stressed. FED ‐ Monitoring, supervision and evaluation Experiences with the automated monitoring system showed the importance of developing a system that is easy to manage and update, and especially suited to the requirements not only of the donor but also OCP. FED/OPC ‐ Thematic, Strategies and Methodologies The diversification of the training process appears effective, based on different participatory methodologies such as educational talks, community workshops, formal training, demonstrations and public mobilizations. It has used different activities to make complaints and public pressure, such forums inviting representatives of state institutions. The need to include ways to reach young people was also recognized, although they learned that the youth work on DDRR and DDSS implies methodological challenges (due to the myths that abound in communities), and requires more preparation for the technical team before each intervention. Another lesson learned was the need to include men in the thematic work. One lesson learned was that although it is possible to achieve better understanding, the processes of change in this compartment are generally slow and difficult. Above all, the changes are related to the theme of the Fund. For example, in addition to providing information, there is recognition of the importance of preparing beneficiaries (women, youth) in decision‐making and strengthening their capacity and self‐esteem. Also, it is important to know and respect the rhythm and the characteristic of these processes within the target population, and adapt planning to their rhythms. There is a need for 41 other forms of artistic intervention, such as songs, dances, games that are now being privately owned (brewery, labels, etc.) and negatively influencing the formation and values of youth as well as adults. Also, methodologies that include support for victims of violence in their critical path; promotion work with youth and sexual diversity, and dabbling in primary schools, secondary and higher education is an item to consider. Related to specific methodologies there were some lessons learned:50 Advocacy: Advocacy generally developed at different levels, however has more effective locally, and helps mobilize information. The Forum promotes alliances of OCP in the territories, speech articulation and recognition of the work of others. It has also shown that locally is a valuable space for dialogue, coordination and accountability from the government and officials. Demand and Public Report in support of victims of domestic violence: it is considered that the complaints from the streets are sometimes more powerful than formal lectures, and are effective when mobilized with indignation, or a claim for rights, not compassion. Mass communication: working with the media as allies. Coverage is achieved from the media, especially when delivering testimonials. Massive public mobilization actions, local or national: this strategy allows mobilization of different actors and causes a favorable environment to the theme. It makes the participants feel like protagonists. Sensitization and awareness: in reference to community work with promoters, a successful strategy was based on a previous survey in the community, to identify those women whom were for them, women in who they would trust to share a violent situation and ask for help. One strategy implemented by organizations and that had positive impact on the goals of care, is the networking organization popular defenders and leaders of communities and neighborhoods, which are responsible for detecting and referring cases of domestic violence, sexual abuse, alimony, guardianships and others. 50
Selection on the basis of FED’s Annual Reports 2010, 2011, 2012. 42 Annexes 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Bibliography List of organizations visited and persons interviewed Terms of Reference FED Logical Framework 2010‐2013 (approved version 18.06.2010) Table related to Section 2 (Overview of the intervention): • Table 6: Total Amounts Committed FED Phase I ‐ Operational USD projection February 2013 6. Tables related to Section 3.5 (Efficiency):  Table 7: Level of compliance of the indicators of the ML  Table 8: Budget (in U.S. $) and performance level (in %) per year  Table 9: Items in relation to the total approved budget  Table 10: Contribution to projects (in U.S. $) and level of execution  Table 11: Contribution to projects by type  Table 12: Consolidated funded OCP mode support (2009‐2012) 7. Tables related to session 3.6 (development effectiveness):  Table 13: Compliance indicators FED Logical Framework (Annex to the Annual Report FED, 2012)  Table 14: List of results 43 Annex 1 – Bibliography for the evaluation of FED

Work plan FED, 2010. 
Analysis of organisations and groups of sexual diversity in Nicaragua. FED, 2010. 
Project Document – Fund for Gender Equity and Sexual and Reproductive Rights, Phase I, 2009‐2013. 
Strategy for work with lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations, Technical Secretariat of FED, 2010. 
Technical activity report September‐December 2009. Fund for Gender Equity and Sexual and Reproductive Rights, 2010. 
Financial implementation report September‐December 2009. FED‐HIVOS, 2009. 
Financial implementation report 1st January – 31st December 2010. FED‐HIVOS, 2010. 
Financial implementation report 1st January – 31st December 2011. FED‐HIVOS, 2011. 
Financial implementation report to the 30th June 2012. FED‐HIVOS, 2012. 
Financial liquidity report 1st January – 31st December 2011. FED‐HIVOS, 2012. 
Financial liquidity report 1st January – 30th June 2012. FED‐HIVOS, 2012. 
Annual Evaluation Report 2010 FED‐HIVOS, 2011. 
Report for the Evaluation Workshop Part I: Context Analysis. FED, 2010. 
Report for the Evaluation Workshop Part II. FED, 2010. 
Annual Evaluation Report 2011 Fund for Gender Equity and Sexual and Reproductive Rights ‐HIVOS. 2012. 
First quarterly report 2012. FED. 2012 
Annual Evaluation of FED, 2011, in conjunction with the counterpart organisations, 2011. 
Meeting to Analyse Lessons Learned FED, 2009. 
List of projects and counterpart organisations financed by FED, 2009 ‐ 2012. 
Manual of Financial and Administrative procedures HIVOS – FED, 2010. 
Logical Framework of FED, 2010‐2013. 
Minutes of Agreements from Ordinary and Extraordinary Meetings of the Steering Committee of the Fund for Gender Equity and Sexual and Reproductive Rights (FED) ‐ Phase I. 2010. 
Minutes of Agreements from Ordinary and Extraordinary Meetings of the Steering Committee of the Fund for Gender Equity and Sexual and Reproductive Rights (FED) ‐ Phase I. 2011. 
Minutes of Agreements from Ordinary and Extraordinary Meetings of the Steering Committee of the Fund for Gender Equity and Sexual and Reproductive Rights (FED) ‐ Phase I. 2012. 
Operational Plan of the Technical Secretariat FED‐ HIVOS Phase I ‐ 2010. 
Operational Plan of the Technical Secretariat FED‐ HIVOS Phase I ‐ 2011. 
Operational Plan of the Technical Secretariat FED‐ HIVOS Phase I ‐ 2012. 
Operational Plan of the Technical Secretariat FED‐ HIVOS Phase I January ‐ August 2013. 
Budget FED‐HIVOS 2010. 
Budget FED‐HIVOS 2011. 
Budget FED‐HIVOS 2012. 
Budget FED‐HIVOS 2013. 
Tender Proposal as administrative organisation for Phase I of the Fund for Gender Equity and Sexual and Reproductive Rights 2009-2013. FED-HIVOS, 2009.

Proposal for the work plan of FED November 2009‐April 2010. 
Operational Rules of the Fund for Gender Equity and Sexual and Reproductive Rights (FED) ‐ Phase I. 2009. 
Mid Term Evaluation of the Fund for Gender Equity and Sexual and Reproductive Rights (FED) Nicaragua. Volume I, 2008. 
Mid Term Evaluation of the Fund for Gender Equity and Sexual and Reproductive Rights (FED) Nicaragua. Volume II, 2008. 
Terms of Reference for the tendering of the administrative organisation for Phase I of the Fund for Gender Equity and Sexual and Reproductive Rights (FED) Nicaragua. (2009‐2013). 
Cairo +20 – Nicaragua. National Analysis 1994‐2012, Si Mujer 2012. 
Reflections on pregnancy in adolescent youth. Cantera, 2012. Annex 2 - List of the Organisations Visited and Persons Interviewed
Note: As there have been three evaluations carried out at the same time, this is a shared list of all the interviews, meetings and presentations. List of participants in meetings Activity: Initial meeting with MFA Place: MFA Date: 13th February 2013 No. Name Organisation Post 1 Jetta Kuivalainen MFA L. Am. Unit 2 Gisela Blumenthal MFA Health Advisor 3 Gunilla Kullberg MFA Advisor 4 Hannu Ripatti MFA C. Am. Unit Team Leader 5 Kristina Andersson MFA Admin Affairs 6 Sofia Itämäki MFA Health Sector 7 Nadia Prado Embassy of Finland in Managua Assistant for Cooperation 8 Riikka Raatikainen Embassy of Finland in Managua Health sector advisor 2008‐2013 (on maternity leave in Nicaragua) Activity: Initial meeting with implementers Place: Helsinki Date: 14th February 2013 No. Name Organisation Post 1 Riitta Työläjärvi Formerly in the Embassy of Finland in Managua Health sector advisor 2005‐2008 Place: Embassy of Finland in Managua Date: 22nd February 2013 No. Name Organisation Post 1 Eeva‐Liisa Myllymäki Embassy of Finland Chargé de Affaires 2 Nadia Prado Embassy of Finland Assistant for Cooperation 3 Jaakko Jakkila Embassy of Finland Counsellor ‐ Governance 4 Carola Espinoza Embassy of Finland Consultant 5 Lola Castillo FED Coordinator 6 Elisa Hernández FED Administrator 7 David Orozco UNFPA Program Officer – Legal and No. Name Organisation Post Communication Program 8 Lucia Medina UNFPA / VOZJOVEN National Coordinator Activity: Team UNFPA / VOZJOVEN Place: UNFPA Date: 25th February 2013 No. Name Organisation Post 1 Lucia Medina UNFPA / VOZJOVEN National Coordinator 2 Nestor González UNFPA / VOZJOVEN M&E at national level 3 Marieli Rodríguez UNFPA / VOZJOVEN Municipal Coordinator 4 Luis Sanchez UNFPA / VOZJOVEN Communication Coordinator 5 David Orozco UNFPA Program Officer – Legal and Communication Program Activity: Team FED/HIVOS Place: FED Date: 25th February 2013 No. Name Organisation Post 1 Lola Castillo (María Dolores Castillo Salaverry) FED Coordinator 2 Guadalupe Valenzuela Lazo FED Program Officer 3 Lucia de los Ángeles López García FED Monitoring Officer 4 Juan Arguello Hernández FED Program Officer 5 Elisa del Carmen Hernández FED Administrator 6 Carlos Díaz FED Assistant administrator ‐ accounts List of persons interviewed Date Name Organisation Post Interviewed Program 26/02 Irela Solórzano Puntos de Encuentro Management Team MB/EJ/AZ/VA/
AU FED Martha Juárez Puntos de Encuentro Management Team Lola Castillo FED Coordinator Ardi Voets Netherlands Technical Secretary of the Board of Donors AZ /AU FONSALUD Date Name Organisation Post Interviewed Program Han Kok Luxembourg Project Director Darling Omier UNFPA Program Officer Mirna Somarriba UNFPA Program Officer Carmen Clavel AECID Responsible person for Gender and Health Nadia Prado Finland Officer for Cooperation 27/02 Ginet Vargas HIVOS Program Officer – Rights EJ, MB and Citizenship FED Arelys Cano ASONVIHSIDA President AZ /AU VOZJOVEN/ FED Victor ASONVIHSIDA Legal Advisor Claudia Samcan FCAM Responsible person for Mobilisation of Resources EJ /AU FED Lina Morales FCAM Program Officer Rosario Cuadra CEPS Director AZ VOZJOVEN 28/02 Adonis Hernández AMUNIC Financial – Administrative Director / Program Manager AZ /AU VOZJOVEN Arlen Jiménez AMUNIC Financial Assistant Douglas Mendoza REDMAS (Network of Masculinity) Program Officer / Representative of Puntos de Encuentro in the network. AZ /AU VOZJOVEN Marlene Vivas ADESENI Director EJ FED Marvin Roa Local government: Mateare Deputy Mayor of the EJ Municipality of Mateare FED Klemen Altamirano Collective of Women of Masaya Director EJ, MB FED Ana Carolina Gion Sanchez (check) Collective of Women of Masaya Responsible for Strategic Promotion of Sexual and Reproductive Rights EJ Rigoberto Kinsing FECONORI (Group interview of 5 persons) VA FED Rosa Montano Los Pipitos and the Association of Intellectual Disabilities Date Name Organisation Post Interviewed Program Yolanda Sampson ADIFIN, motor disabilities Ivon Morales Association of the Deaf, Gender Commission Reyna Cruz Association of the Deaf, ANSNIC 29/02 Maria José González CANTERA (Group interview of 9 persons) Beneficiaries EJ FED Johana Martínez Beneficiaries Sean Vicente Racoson Beneficiaries Martha Nuñez Beneficiaries Ivette Martínez Beneficiaries Luz Adilia Medina Beneficiaries Linda Nuñez Beneficiaries Anabel Torres Beneficiaries Marcelino Guzmán Communication 01/03 Emilce Herrera, MINSA, External Cooperation Director and principal staff MB FONSALUD Daniel Urbano Gámez Esmeralda Calderón Roger González general Director of Planning and Development Frances Rodríguez MINREX Sandra Arceda Torrez FMN (Group interview of 5 persons) Colectivo 8 de Marzo EJ FED Martha Menses Colectivo 8 de Marzo Kenia R. Sánchez Fundación Puntos de Encuentro Maria Teresa Blandón La Corriente Mirna Blandón Movimiento Feminista de Nicaragua (Nicaraguan Women’s Date Name Organisation Post Interviewed Program Movement) Ana Maria Pizzarro SI MUJER Founding Director EJ/MB Maria de Jesús Tenorio Director AE Isolda Castillo Project Officer 04/03 Silvia Suarez Fundación CASIRA Director EJ /AU FED María de la Paz Picado Grupo Venancia (Group interview of 5 persons) Coordinator EJ /AU FED Filomena Nancy Mora Educator Carola Brantome Cultural Promoter Filemona Enríquez Administrator Luisa Pérez Herrera Facilitator Saúl Gutiérrez Jinotega / Pantasma House Coordinator – Youth Technician AZ VOZJOVEN Oscar Gadea Alcalde de Pantasma
Álvaro Blandon Gomez ECL Carlos Alemán Regional Council of the RAAN (North Atlantic Region) President MB, VA VOZJOVEN Chantal Pallais UNFPA Program Officer MB VOZJOVEN 05/03 Jeannette Montenegro UCA San Ramón (Group interview of 8 persons) Project Coordinator ‐ FED EJ /AU FED Lesbia Molinares Beneficiaries of the program Maria M. González Beneficiaries of the program Jeannette Molinares Beneficiaries of the program Cándida Pérez Beneficiaries of the program Adela Arauz Beneficiaries of the program Jenny Pérez Beneficiaries of the program Date Name Organisation Post Interviewed Program Emelda Rayo Beneficiaries of the program Marisol Hernández CESESMA Project Coordinator ‐ FED EJ /AU FED Emmy Arauz Educator Aleida Alemán Educator Armando Alaniz CESESMA (Group interview of 12 persons) Youth and Adolescents EJ /AU FED Yenni Montoya Youth and Adolescents Carla Lira Youth and Adolescents Henry Rogers Ferrey Youth and Adolescents Roberto Arauz Youth and Adolescents Alwin Gomez Youth and Adolescents Eleodora Flores Youth and Adolescents Jilder Zeledón Youth and Adolescents Martha Rugama Youth and Adolescents Osidis Sugey Valdivia Youth and Adolescents Félix López Youth and Adolescents Henry Antonio Dormus Youth and Adolescents Ardi Arinez Voets Embassy of the Netherlands Technical Secretary ‐ FONSALUD MB/VA FONSALUD MB/VA FED/VOZJOV
EN Health Advisor María Jesús Largaespada Dr. José Gómez Lorenzo OPS 06/03 Lucia Medina Political Advisor, Health Systems and Services MB/VA FONSALUD VOZJOVEN/UNFPA National Coordinator AR/AU VOZJOVEN Tania Green Territorial Coordinator RAAN Kimberley Wilson Territorial Coordinator RAAS Date Name Organisation Post Interviewed Program Ivaniajosca Tapia Territorial Coordinator LS Luis Sanchez Coordinator of Communication Néstor González Monitoring Advisor Carolina Zelaya Territorial Coordinator ‐ West Marieli Rodríguez Municipal Coordinator David Orozco UNFPA Program Officer ‐ Advocacy and Communication Lic. Daniel Gámez MINSA ‐ External Cooperation Division Sub Director, External Cooperation Division VA FONSALUD Esmeralda Calderón Assistant, External Cooperation Division Ana Luisa Alvarado General Extension Division of Quality and Service Roger González General Direction of Planning and Development Jasón Useda Procurement Unit 07/03 Norman Casanova Asociación Gaviota (Group interview of 12 persons) Program Beneficiaries EJ /AU FED Federico Escobar Program Beneficiaries Marcela Foster Program Beneficiaries Richard Clar Program Beneficiaries Martha Seire Program Beneficiaries Néstor Pino Program Beneficiaries Nereira López Program Beneficiaries Archie Guchi Rivera Program Beneficiaries Roberto Wilson Ortega Program Beneficiaries Santa Carlos Program Beneficiaries Date Name Organisation Post Interviewed Program Erlinda Urbina Program Beneficiaries Mirrer Gutiérrez Program Beneficiaries Cyntia Miguel Regional Council of the Autonomous Region of the North Atlantic (CRRAN) Second Member of the Board EJ /AU VOZJOVEN/ FED Alberto Amador SILAIS / MINSA of the RAAN Sub Director EJ /AU FONSALUD Eliseo Tomas Accountant General Petrona William Human Resources Manager Juana Melgara MINED Technical Team for the Capacity Building Program VOZJOVEN in the RAAN AU VOZJOVEN Joel Natty MODISEC Technical Team for the Capacity Building Program VOZJOVEN in the RAAN Vidal Taylor CAMAJ Technical Team for the Capacity Building Program VOZJOVEN in the RAAN Maria Teresa González MINED Technical Team for the Capacity Building Program VOZJOVEN in the RAAN Jondra Asarias MINSA Technical Team for the Capacity Building Program VOZJOVEN in the RAAN Rebecca Ducam (Group interview of 6 persons) Promoters of the Program VOZJOVEN Nila Duñez Promoters of the Program VOZJOVEN Carla Simon Promoters of the Program VOZJOVEN Yaser Padilla Promoters of the Program VOZJOVEN Date Name Organisation Post Interviewed Program Jenny Zelaya Promoters of the Program VOZJOVEN Deysy Urbina Promoters of the Program VOZJOVEN Jasón Paguada (Group interview of 13 persons) Youth and Adolescents of the program VOZJOVEN EU/AU VOZJOVEN Shanda Rocha Youth and Adolescents of the program VOZJOVEN Charley McDonald Youth and Adolescents of the program VOZJOVEN Kathelen Karina Vega Youth and Adolescents of the program VOZJOVEN Jihazmara López Youth and Adolescents of the program VOZJOVEN Aiska Jarquín Youth and Adolescents of the program VOZJOVEN Tatiana Caleman Youth and Adolescents of the program VOZJOVEN Mayte Diesen Youth and Adolescents of the program VOZJOVEN Delvin Adonys Simons Youth and Adolescents of the program VOZJOVEN Wendy Morgan Youth and Adolescents of the program VOZJOVEN Elías Blandon Youth and Adolescents of the program VOZJOVEN Elmer Johnson Youth and Adolescents of the program Date Name Organisation Post Interviewed Program VOZJOVEN Jayson Kennedy 07 /03 Ana Julia Alvarado FADCANIC Bluefields Project staff and promoters MB/AZ FED Youth and Adolescents of the program VOZJOVEN Esmelda Díaz Verónica Cuadra María Centeno Benita Ugarte Gretel Aguilar Aurora Jarquín Lestel Kelly Mariela Joyas Silvia Hodgson Ricardo Taylor SILAIS Bluefields Director Lestel Fernández Deputy director Katia Sujo Manager of the Mother‐
Baby program 08/03 7 promotoras FADCANIC Pearl Lagoon Project Promoters Effie Fox Health Centre, Pearl Lagoon Municipal Director Ellen Morales Deputy director 08/03 René Smith Municipality of RAAN Youth Technician EJ /AU VOZJOVEN Roy Irías Nelson Secretariat of Adolescents and Youth of the CRAAN Director EJ /AU VOZJOVEN/ FED Kervin Finley Regional Council of Adolescents and Youth from civil society President EJ /AU VOZJOVEN Diter Bonilla Communicator EJ /AU VOZJOVEN Marlene Show Women’s Shelter Nidia White Administrator EJ /AU FED Date Name Organisation Post Interviewed Program 11/03 Margine Mondragón Women’s Collective ITZA (Group interview of 10 persons) Project Promoters /Community leaders EJ /AU FED Benicia Polanco Promoter Narcisa Ramirez Promoter Felia Gutiérrez Promoter Maria V. Gomez Promoter Marbellí Ruiz Promoter Martha Gomez Promoter Eva del Carmen Ramos Promoter Marjori Gutiérrez Promoter Junied Reyes Promoter Bertha Inés Cabrales Women’s Collective ITZA (Group interview of 7 persons) Coordinator Tania Laguna Morales Psychologist Johana María Zelaya Deputy Coordinator of the Shelter Aura Angélica Téllez Social Worker Celeste Mercedes Alfaro Psychologist Scarleth Deyanira Sandoval Administrator Abril María Moreira Lawyer Julio Betanco Youth worker AZ VOZJOVEN Carlos Ariel Zepeda ECL Einer José Vázquez ECL Tamara Auxiliadora Carrasco ECL Deimis Emanuel Lorío Díaz ECL Program VOZJOVEN / Somoto Date Name Organisation Post Interviewed Program Rosa Amparo Reyes Ex ‐ Councillor Flora Hernández Mother – assistant to the youth of the CAMAJ Vandeli García AZ VOZJOVEN Program VOZJOVEN /Focal Group with 10 youth Josué García Gabriela Hernández Francis Velázquez Edy Alfredo Hazel Ochoa Abigali López Bismark Rodríguez Valeria Velázquez Carlos Alonso Nelson López 11/03 Marbellí Chávez Los Cumuniches (Group interview of 8 Persons) trainer EJ /AU FED Helen Villarreyna Psychologist Augusto Rizo Web page design Sofia Flores Promoter Karla Tórrez Accountant Karina Rodríguez Coordinator Wilmer Ordoñez Audio‐visual technician Ronaldo Gradyz Audio‐visual technician Yelis Rodríguez Los Cumuniches (Group interview of 5 Persons) Network of Communicators / Project FED EJ /AU FED Jacqueline Castillo Tercero Network of Communicators / Project FED Larry Castillo Acuña Network of Communicators / Project FED William Ramón Network of Date Name Organisation Cruz Post Interviewed Program Communicators / Project FED Wilman Uriel Chavarría Network of Communicators / Project FED Franklin Acevedo Focal Group / Estelí /Pueblo Nuevo Program Promoters VOZJOVEN AZ/VA VOZJOVEN Jose Francisco Jahaira Tórrez Eynar Benavides Joseph Gutiérrez Andy Vargas Silvia Elena Benavidez Dormus Teacher Claudia Maria Rodríguez Herrera Health Promoter Balbina Ramirez González Group interview ECL/ Estelí /Pueblo Nuevo AZ/VA VOZJOVEN Elba Rosa Pérez Hugo Castillo Mina Dariana Palacios Dra. Bertha Olivas SILAIS Madriz Director VA FONSALUD Lic. Zaira Gutiérrez Director, Centre of Family and Community Health, Jaime Moncada‐
Somoto Nohemí Vílchez Manager of Statistics Dra. Esmeralda González SILAIS Monitoring SILAIS Marla Gutiérrez Manager of Sexual and Reproductive Health of the Centre of Family and Community Health, Jaime Moncada‐Somoto Financial Manager, Centre of Family and Community Health, Edgard Guevara Date Name Organisation Post Interviewed Program Jaime Moncada‐Somoto Lic. Carolina Pérez Manager of the Maternity House, Somoto 12 /03 Dr. Treminio SILAIS Estelí Director MB FONSALUD Juan Lazo ALCALDIAS Financial Administrator, Municipality of Pueblo Nuevo, Estelí VA FONSALUD Project Technician, Municipality of Pueblo Nuevo, Estelí Wilber Montenegro Dra. Claudia García ESTELI‐ Director, Health Centre Monseñor Julio Cesar Municipality: Pueblo Videa Nuevo Lic. Lorena Ruiz Pueblo Nuevo, Estelí Cabinet of Family, Community and Life 15/03/
2103 Carola Espinoza Embassy of Finland EJ FED Consultant Actividad: Presentación de Resultados FONSALUD a MINSA y SPD Place: Embassy of Finland Date: 18th March 2013 No. Name Organisation Post 1 Daniel Urbano Gámez MINSA General Division, External Cooperation 2 Esmeralda Calderón MINSA General Division, External Cooperation 3 Han Marcel Kok Embassy of Luxembourg Health Advisor 4 Ardi Voets Embassy of the Netherlands Technical Secretary FONSALUD 5 Oscar Vizcarra UNFPA Deputy representative 6 Omar Lacayo Chancellery of the Republic of Nicaragua 7 Benito Aragón Chancellery of the Republic of Nicaragua Responsible for the Programmatic Approach 8 Elliette Brandford Chancellery of the Republic of Nicaragua 9 Christina Hoernicke Embassy of Austria 10 Miriam Blanco HIVOS Consultant 11 Ginet Vargas HIVOS 12 Jakub Dolezel Embassy of Luxembourg 13 Lola Castillo FED Technical Secretary FED 14 Guadalupe Valenzuela FED‐HIVOS 15 Chantal Pallais UNFPA 16 Maria J Largaespada F. Embassy of the Netherlands 17 David Orozco G. UNFPA 18 Christina Hoernicke Embassy of Austria 19 Lucia Medina UNFPA/Voz Joven 20 Mirna Somarriba UNFPA/FED 21 Nadia Prado Embassy of Finland Assistant 22 Carola Espinoza Embassy of Finland External Consultant 23 Oscar Vizcarra UNFPA Deputy Representative 25 Katherine Dormus CAMAJ Youth Worker El Cuá 26 Khaled Reyes Voz Joven Territorial Coordinator – North Centre Embassy of Finland Chargé de Affaires 27 Eeva‐Liisa Myllymäki 28 Jaakko Jakkila Councillor ‐ Governance 29
Sofia Itämäki Councillor ‐ Health Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland
Terms of Reference
Evaluation of “Fund for Gender Equity and Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights” (FED)
Phase I
1. Background to the evaluation
The governments of Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, Luxemburg, Denmark, Austrian Development
Cooperation Agency, German Development Cooperation Agency (GIZ) and UNFPA have contributed
to Joint Fund for Gender Equity and Reproductive Health and Rights (FED for its Spanish acronym)
Phase I (2009-2013). Since June 2011 Finland acts as the lead donor of the Fund and is therefore also
responsible for contracting the final evaluation on behalf of the entire donor group.
At the same time, the Governments of Finland and the Netherlands have financed during 2008 –
2012/13 “Promotion of sexual and reproductive health with emphasis on adolescent and youth in
Nicaragua” (VOZJOVEN) –programme. As the programme is coming to its end both the donors as well
as the implementer UNFPA are interested in evaluating the results, best practices and lessons learnt of
this initiative.
Governments of Finland, the Netherlands, Spain, Luxembourg, Austrian Development Cooperation
Agency and UNFPA have contributed to Nicaraguan Health Fund (FONSALUD) that was created in
2005 to support the implementation of institutional plans of the Ministry of Health of Nicaragua and
enhance the aid effectiveness. The support of some of the FONSALUD donors is ending and both
Ministry of Health and donors have an interest to document the possible progress and results, and to
assess the relevance, efficiency and effectiveness of institutional plans of Ministry of Health supported
through the common FONSALUD mechanism.
The evaluation field missions of all Programmes are timed for the first semester of 2013. Due to the
same timing and context, as well as similarities in thematic fields and actors of the programmes, the
three evaluations are contracted together. This is expected to result in more efficiency and benefits in
analysis of the findings, as the three evaluations can be carried out during one field mission and the
evaluation team(s) can contribute to each other´s learning process. All evaluations have, however,
their respective Terms of Reference and separate reports are expected.
These are the Terms of Reference for the final evaluation of FED Phase I.
1.1.
The national context relevant to the FED
The State of Nicaragua has ratified and/or accessed to eleven universal human rights instruments and
others of a regional nature. The country has also shown certain progress in legal matters and creation
of national or sectoral policies, strategies and plans related to gender equity and sexual and
reproductive health and rights.
The legal and policy framework is rather comprehensive even if there are certain gaps that are in
contradiction to international human rights standards. In terms of legislation significant examples are
the Law for Equal Rights and Opportunities (approved in 2008), the Law on Violence Against the
Women (second generation version approved in 2012), the Law on Responsible Paternity and
Maternity (2007), and Law 392 for the Promotion of the Comprehensive Development of Youth (2001).
Internationally recognized challenge is the total prohibition of abortion that was included in the penal
code in the framework of its reform during 2007-2008. At the same time the reform legalized
homosexuality.
The Ministry of Health approaches sexual and reproductive health and rights in the frameworks of its
policies and multi-year plans. Since 2007 a Family and Community based Health Model has been
1
developed and in implementation. The Ministry aims at increasing the coverage and quality of its
service network and providing free services for all. In 2008 Ministry of Health published a revised
version of the National Sexual and Reproductive Health Strategy that recognizes that a better quality of
life is a result of a high standard of sexual and reproductive health for the people and that sexual and
reproductive rights must be respected, protected and guaranteed by the State.
The national data shows improvement in certain indicators related to reproductive health, such as a
decrease in global fertility in the last few years1 and an increase in the use of contraceptive methods2,
as well as huge leap forward in financing the needs of family planning through national budget (0% in
2005 and 74% in 2011). All these imply certain progress for some of the reproductive rights. However,
there is concern regarding the persistence of inequities by geographic regions, poverty, level of
education, ethnic groups and age.
The Ministry of Education has approached the issue by institutionalizing sexual education and
incorporating it into school curriculum. It has also started an ample process of training of teachers and
established counselling services at schools. A comprehensive guide on sexuality education was
published in 2010.
Three of every ten Nicaraguan women who are married or have a partner have experienced physical
or sexual violence during their lifetime. Also, one of every three separated or divorced women have
been physically abused since their fifteenth birthday3. It is worrisome that women, girls and boys are
the main victims of sexual violence in the country, despite important awareness raising efforts of
various social actors in this area. Likewise, the rapid increase in HIV and Aids in Nicaragua
demonstrates a significant vulnerability among the adolescent women4. It is noteworthy that many
sexually diverse people suffer discrimination and violence at home, in their communities and by
institutions because of prejudices and because of a lack of knowledge regarding their human rights.
To varying degrees, all these policies, plans and laws acknowledge aspects related to gender equity.
For its part the Government officially published a national gender policy in 2007. There are still
challenges related to continuity, improvement and implementation of the policies and plans at a
national level and to solidify their adaptation to the local environment. It is also important to ensure the
resources, coordination and greater autonomy for an effective implementation, creating a climate
appropriate for a dialogue and participation among the various actors.
The Nicaraguan civil society has played a fundamental role in bringing and maintaining gender equity
and sexual and reproductive health and rights in the public agenda. During the recent years they have
expressed serious concern over the lack of dialogue and coordination spaces with governmental
institutions in matters of public policies and programmes and the limitations in democratic participation.
Various civil society movements have also stated their concerns regarding a regression of women’s
rights in the country.
1.2.
Description of the FED Phase I
The Fund for Gender Equity and Reproductive Health and Rights (FED for its Spanish acronym) was
created in the end of 2005 by the Netherlands, Finland and UNFPA. During the Pilot Phase (20052009) a number of donors (Norway, Sweden, Austria, DFID, Luxemburg, GIZ, Denmark) joined the
Fund and most of them still continue supporting it in the Phase I (2009-2013).
FED is a common support mechanism used by the international cooperation to aid civil society
organizations in Nicaragua in promoting gender equity and equality and the sexual and reproductive
rights of society. This mechanism harmonizes and unites the donors so they are able to not only
reduce aid management costs, but also to strengthen existing capacities, as well as encourage the
creation and development of innovative initiatives among the civil society organizations.
1
According to studies, the global fertility rate shows a gradual decrease in the last 13 years: 4.6 children per woman according to the 1992/1993 Family
Health Survey; 3.9 children according to the 1998 Nicaraguan Demographic and Health Survey (ENDESA); 3.3 according to ENDESA 2001 and 2.7
according to ENDESA 2006/2007. Final Report. National Institute for Information and Development (INIDE). June 2008.
2
49% in 1992/1993 Family Health Survey; 60% in ENDESA 1998; 69% in ENDESA 2001; 72% in ENDESA 2006. Ibid. pg 137.
3
Ibid pg 381.
4
In 1998 there was a prevalence of 7 men for every woman infected, but by 2006 this ratio was reduced to 2:1. ENDESA 2006/2007
2
The Fund is based on the following universal regulatory frameworks: the Convention on the
Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW, 1979), the Programme of Action of the
International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD, Cairo 1994), and the Platform for
Action of the IV World Conference on Women (Beijing, 1995). All three internationally recognize the
rights of women and girls, gender equality and sexual and reproductive rights.
General Objective of FED is to contribute to advancing gender equality and full recognition and
exercise of sexual and reproductive rights of the Nicaraguan population.
Specific Objectives are:
1) Promote and defend the equity and gender equality by civil society organizations as an
instrument of the rights approach;
2) Increase promotion and defence actions related to sexual and reproductive rights, including
the right to live with autonomy and to a life free of violence;
3) Strengthen the capacity of civil society organizations for full exercise of gender equity and
sexual and reproductive rights.
Expected results are:
1.1. Civil society organizations implementing actions for effective application of laws, codes,
rules, norms and public policies for equity and gender equality;
1.2. Civil society organizations demanding justice and non-discrimination of people regardless of
their sex, sexual orientation, race, ethnic background, physical condition, or living with HIV and
Aids;
2.1. Target populations actively participate in educational activities organized by civil society
organizations, related to sexual and reproductive rights from an integrated approach to sexuality
(pleasant, responsible, safe and without prejudice);
2.2. Prevention of gender based violence has been strengthened;
2.3. Access to integrated care services and access to justice for victims of gender based violence
are ensured;
3.1. Technical and institutional capacity of FED’s counterparts has been strengthened.
As established in the Base Document and Rules of Procedure the Fund has three authorities: The
Coordination Committee (CC), the Lead Donor, and the Administrative Organization (AO).
The Coordination Committee is the maximum authority of the Fund and is made up of representatives
of all the donors and the Administrative Organization. A Nicaraguan Government delegate is invited to
participate in the CC as observer. The CC is the final authority for strategic guidance and general
monitoring of the Fund.
The Lead Donor is the first monitoring and coordination body of the donors for execution of the Fund. It
is responsible for communication with the administrative organization, between the Fund donors, and
with the Nicaraguan Government regarding matters related to the implementation. The lead donor will
coordinate CC meetings and carry out the daily monitoring of the Fund management by the
administrative organization. Norway functioned initially as the lead donor of the FED Phase I, but
following a government decision of restructuring of the Foreign Service network, the Norwegian
Embassy in Nicaragua, was closed in June 2011. Thereafter Finland assumed the role of the lead
donor.
The FED Phase I is administered by a Dutch NGO HIVOS which was selected as a result of a
tendering process. The Administrative Organization is responsible for the management and
administration of the FED and in charge of providing technical accompaniment to the beneficiaries,
promoting dialogue and channelling resources towards the various civil society organizations. HIVOS
follows the jointly established Rules of Procedure that establishes criteria, norms and procedures for
the operation and management of the Fund, to be observed by the entities and authorities involved in
its execution, in order to ensure an effective and transparent cooperation with Nicaraguan civil society.
3
Once a year a public call for proposals is launched and the Coordination Committee selects the
projects to be financed. During the Phase I altogether 58 projects of 44 organizations has been
financed. Additional to the call for proposals FED has given institutional support to five experienced
organizations, and 23 small grants to organizations that have less capacities in project management.
Some funds are also reserved to emergency actions. Organizations are not only given grants for the
implementation of their projects but also offered technical training and capacity building in fields related
to the priorities of the Fund.
The beneficiaries of FED are:
Nicaraguan people in the territories where civil society organizations develop their work.
Nicaraguan civil society organizations that promote gender equality, empowerment and rights
of women and/or those working for the recognition and defence of sexual and reproductive
rights as part of human rights.
Movements and groups that defend the rights of, and promote equal relations between
indigenous and ethnic communities, disabled people and those that are sexually diverse.
The total budget of the FED Phase I is circa 12 000 000 USD.
1.3.
Results of previous evaluations
The FED Phase I has not been evaluated previously. However, the FED Pilot Phase (2005-2009) was
evaluated in 2008 in order to give inputs for the design of the Phase I. According to the evaluation FED
was a pertinent and relevant, flexible mechanism providing support to civil society organizations for
their work in the promotion of gender equity and sexual and reproductive rights. This mechanism has
given space both for their institutional strengthening as well as for the implementation of strategies in
defense and promotion of sexual and reproductive rights. For several organizations, FED was
providing the opportunity to address topics not usually supported by other development cooperation
partners. From the donors viewpoint FED was also shown to be an effective instrument for the
harmonisation and articulation between donors.
At the same time FED had difficulties in facilitating greater articulation of the civil society organizations
around a common platform for the promotion and defense of sexual and reproductive rights, as aspired
initially. Nevertheless, it had provided opportunities for a joint work to a group of organizations working
in critical areas such as the defense for the right to therapeutic abortion.
The evaluation also stressed some management and administrative issues as a key to successful
implementation and functioning of the Fund. These, as well as the detailed recommendations to
improve/modify for example some of the aspects of the base documentation, were taken into
consideration when designing the Phase I.
Annual evaluative meeting with the FED counterparts have been organized in 2010 and 2011. The
purpose of these meetings has been to review the progress of the year, promote coordination between
the organizations, and receive suggestions as how to improve FED functions.
2. Rationale, purpose and objectives of the evaluation
As the FED Phase I is coming to its end it is in the interests of MFA of Finland and the other donors to
assess results and lessons learnt that can generate knowledge for eventual similar interventions in the
future. Secondly, the evaluation is intended to comply with commitments made by the MFAs and their
key partners, demonstrating and promoting accountability, especially towards the target population.
The purpose of the evaluation is to identify concrete results and achievements of FED. The purpose is
also to draw lessons learnt and best practices from its experiences, learn of novel ways of
implementation, thinking or planning, and to identify immediate factors which hamper or enhance the
achievement of the set objectives of development interventions. The evaluation will also assess the
effectiveness and efficiency of the programme.
4
The results of the evaluation will be used by the donors and the Administrative Organization to assess
the programme results as well as document lessons learnt and best practices for use in other similar
development interventions, not only in Nicaragua but also in other countries. The donors also intend to
use the results of the evaluation to mobilize further resources for a potential Phase II.
For FED counterpart organizations the evaluation is a vehicle of transparency and accountability, and
additionally, they can use especially the results related to best practices and lessons learnt in order to
further develop their work.
The specific objectives of the evaluation are:
assess if, and to what extent the Fund has contributed towards the achievement of its
development objectives and expected results;
assess the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness of the Fund;
Identify best practices and draw lessons learnt based on the experiences of the Fund
implementation for eventual future design and implementation of similar programmes.
3. General approach to the evaluation
In order to respond to the objectives of the evaluation a participatory approach should be adapted. It
is recommended to approach the evaluation issues in a sequenced manner, first focusing in the Fund
as mechanisms of support in order to understand its functions and scope of action, and thereafter
move forward to valuating the results and impacts at the level of the stakeholders and beneficiaries.
The initial analysis on the funding mechanism should naturally also be reviewed in the light of any
feedback received from the stakeholders and beneficiaries.
It is essential to involve the key stakeholders in the evaluation process.
Given the political polarization of Nicaraguan society especially in sensitive issues, it is equally
important to ensure sufficient time and effort to interview or otherwise take into account the different
sectors of the society. It is important to ensure that policy-level groups do not influence other lesspowerful stakeholders or the evaluation team itself in order to comply with the ethical and
methodological principles of an external evaluation.
The representatives of the Coordination Committee of the FED Phase I will comment the deliverables,
participate in feedback sessions and presentations of evaluation findings and discuss the findings.
They will also ensure that the results will be disseminated among the stakeholders and beneficiaries.
4. Scope of the evaluation
The evaluation time span covers years 2009-2013 during which FED Phase I has been implemented.
As the evaluation is expected to be realized during the first semester of 2013 the focus will be until
2012.
The stakeholders involved in the evaluation are FED Phase I counterpart organizations that have
presence all over Nicaragua. For the purpose of the evaluation a geographically representative
selection of them is accepted as during the timeframe it will be impossible to interview all. In selected
geographical areas it would be important to also include local and/or regional authorities, and/or
representatives of selected public sector authorities, as the counterpart organizations’ work often
require collaboration with them.
A selection of strategic programme documents is expected to be studied, including for example:
Base document of FED Phase I
Rules of Procedure
Logical Framework
Annual reports
Minutes of the ordinary meetings
Monitoring and evaluation system (online)
5
Minutes of the annual evaluative meetings with counterparts
5. Issues to be evaluated and evaluation questions
5.1. Context analysis
The evaluation should include a brief but substantive analysis of the context and operating
environment of FED. What have been the enabling factors and on the other hand the obstacles? Have
there been major changes in the situation? Who else is operational / influencing in the same domaine
and how this has been taken into consideration in programme design and implementation. The context
analysis will provide information to evaluate the impact of context changes on programme results.
5.2. Cross-cutting objectives and evaluation questions
The evaluation must examine the success of the Fund in relation to cross-cutting objectives including
promotion of gender and social equality
human rights and equal participation opportunities of easily marginalized groups (including children,
people with disabilities, indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities)
HIV/AIDS as a development challenge
Environmental vulnerability, climate change and disaster risk issues should be taken into account, but
not emphasized. The evaluation must analyze issues related to the governance context of the Fund
and how the Fund can possibly compensate for the deficits in the governance context.
Questions for cross-cutting issues:
What strategies are used by FED and its counterpart organizations to promote the cross-cutting
issues?
Have clear objectives and indicators been defined for the cross-cutting objectives?
Have adequate resources and expertise been allocated for cross-cutting objectives?
Are cross-cutting objectives systematically and explicitly integrated into monitoring, reporting
and evaluation?
5.3. Evaluation criteria / Evaluation issues
Relevance
Are the objectives and achievements of the Fund still consistent with the needs and priorities of
the stakeholders, including the final beneficiaries?
Whose inequality is the Fund focused to reduce?
Are the objectives and achievements of the Fund consistent and/or complementary with the
national policies of Nicaragua?
Efficiency
How well did the activities transform the available resources into the intended outputs/results, in
terms of quantity, quality and time?
Can the costs of the programme be justified by the results?
Were the contributions by the donors provided as planned?
Quality of technical assistance?
Development effectiveness
Is the quality and quantity of the produced results and outputs in accordance with the plans,
how are the results/outputs applied by the beneficiaries and other intended stakeholders?
To what extent did the Fund achieve its purpose? Did behavioral patterns change as planned in
the stakeholder institutions or groups at various levels?
Have the planned benefits been delivered and received, as perceived by all key stakeholders?
Were the prioritized groups covered sufficiently?
Development impact
6
Do the indicators for the overall objective show that the intended changes have started to take
place, and has progress been made towards achieving the overall objective(s) of the Fund?
How is the Fund intended to contribute to women’s empowerment?
Sustainability
What are the possible factors that enhance or inhibit sustainability, including
ownership/commitment, economic/financial, institutional, technical, socio-cultural and
environmental sustainability aspects of the FED counterpart organizations?
Recommendations for increasing sustainability of counterpart organizations?
Programme management and administrative arrangements
What was the quality of work planning, monitoring and reporting incl. use of indicators, resource
and personnel management, financial management, cooperation and communication between
stakeholders?
Was the balance of power and responsibilities between the actors and stakeholders appropriate?
Were risks appropriately managed, including flexible adaptation to unforeseen situations?
Aid effectiveness
How has FED contributed to the commitments to promote alignment, harmonisation, ownership
and management for development results?
Coherence
Did contradictions with other policies prevent implementation and the achievement of the
programme’s overall objectives?
6. Methodology
The choice of methodology will be left to the tenderer to propose. However, it is expected that multiple
methodologies are used, both quantitative and qualitative. Validation of results must be done through
multiple sources. No single statements should be taken as a general outcome.
In the methodology chapter of the tender the following should be included:
reports, documents, materials to be analysed during the desk study phase;
the data collection tools that will be used, including any planned surveys, questionnaires, field
observations, reference to administrative records and management reports, key interviews, etc;
It is not adequate just to state that something is assessed or analyzed, but it must be specified,
how, by which tools, benchmarks, and/or scoring systems the evaluation team has arrived at
the results described. If results are only a perception of the team, it should be said so.
The evaluators will be provided with a selection of document material either as hard copies or saved on
a flash drive, but this material is not all inclusive. The methodology will be further developed during the
inception phase by producing an evaluation matrix including a detailed description of the methodology
to be applied by the evaluators.
As for the interviews of the stakeholders the evaluators will provide in advance the interview questions
and identify the groups of interviewees.
7. The evaluation process, reporting and deliverables
The assignment is expected to take place between January/February – May 2013.
Kick off meeting: The assignment will begin with a kick-off meeting at the Ministry for Foreign
Affairs (MFA) in Helsinki, and the Embassy of Finland in Managua ( or jointly via video-conference)
7
Desk review: The consultant is expected to carry out a desk review based on the documentation
provided by the MFA and the Embassy of Finland in Managua
Interviews and fieldwork: The Embassy of Finland in Managua will provide relevant
information on possible meetings and interviews. The actual logistics of organizing the
interviews and appointments remain the task of the evaluation team.
The evaluation team must submit the following deliverables:
Inception report
Before field work and on the basis of the desk review, the consultant shall present a detailed
and updated work plan and detailed division of labour within the team, a list of major meetings
and interviews planned for the field visits as well as detailed evaluation questions linked to the
evaluation criteria in an evaluation matrix. The inception report shall be submitted in one (1)
week from the start up of the evaluation.
Presentation on the field findings
Presentation on the field findings must be given in Managua and in Helsinki. The latter can also
be done over a conference call arrangement.
Draft final report
Draft final report amalgamates the desk study report and the field findings. The draft final report
shall be submitted to the MFA two (2) week after the presentation of the field findings. The MFA
and the relevant stakeholders will submit comments on the draft final report to the consultant
within two (2) weeks after receiving the draft final report. The draft final report must be of such
high quality that it needs to be commented only once. The commentary round is only to correct
misunderstandings and possible mistakes, not to rewrite the report.
Final report
The final report shall be submitted to the MFA two weeks after receiving the comments on the
draft report. The final report should be both in English and Spanish.
Presentation on the evaluation findings
The evaluation team is expected to submit a PowerPoint supported presentation on the
evaluation findings, both English and Spanish versions.
All the reports must be in clear and concise language. They are to be presented in Spanish, and only
final report also in English. Each deliverable is subjected to MFA´s approval. The OECD/DAC and the
EU evaluation quality standards are used in checking that the reports deal with the necessary
dimensions of the topic. The evaluation team is able to move to the next phase only after receiving a
written statement of acceptance by MFA.
An outline of the reporting schedule is included in the Terms of Reference, and the final reporting
schedule is included in the contract, with an obligation to the service provider (= contractor) to inform
the evaluation team of the exact timing and obligations of reporting.
8. Mandate
The evaluation team is entitled and expected to discuss matters relevant to this evaluation with
pertinent persons and organizations. However, it is not authorized to make any commitments on behalf
of the Government of Finland. The evaluation team does not represent the Ministry for Foreign Affairs
of Finland in any capacity.
8
Annex 4 – LOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF FED
2010-2013
Objectives y Results
Indicators
National indicators, to which FED
will contribute
LONG TERM OBJECTIVE:
To contribute to the advancement
of gender equality and the full
recognition and exercise of
sexual rights and reproductive
rights of Nicaraguans.
-
-
-
-
-
-
National level of prevalence of
domestic and sexual violence
(annual) by sex, age, place of
residence
Number of reported cases of
sexual crimes
Level of incidence of HIV and
AIDS by sex, age, occupation
and place of residence
Fertility rate of adolescents
Number of women murdered
per year
Maternal mortality rate for
indirect causes
Maternal mortality rate due to
lack of access to therapeutic
abortion
Number of complaints of
discrimination due to sexual
orientation
Number of new proposals put
into effect in laws, reforms to
legal codes, regulations, norms
and policies regarding sexual
and reproductive rights and
gender equity.
Objectives to 2013
The indicators will be monitored annually
(where possible) via observations and other
mechanisms of follow-up and measurement
cited in the means of verification
Means of Verification 










National observations
Reports of UNFPA, UNIFEM,
UNICEF, UNDP
ENDESA.
MINSA.
Studies by civil society
Women’s Commissariats
(National Police)
Media observation
Institute of Forensic Medicine
National reports of CEDAW
Reports of the Ombudsman
on the LGBTTTI population
Information of the Strategic
Group and IPAS
Note: Information will be obtained
from official sources and from civil
society in order to make a
comparison of the indicators.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE 1
Promotion and defense of equity and gender equality by civil society, as an instrument of the rights-based approach
1.1.1. Number, percentage and
At least 12 concrete and specific activities
RESULT 1.1
type of activities promoted,
have been carried out by the organizations to
laws approved and
raise the theme of equity and equality at
Organizations of civil society
effectively applied that raise
local, regional and national levels
promote activities for the effective
the theme of equity and
application of laws, codes,
equality at local, regional
At least 20% of the activities that the
regulations, norms and public
and national levels
organizations promote are effective and are
policies for gender equity and
under implementation
equality
.
1.1.2. Percentage of the
70% of the organizations are participating in
counterpart organizations of different bodies by 2013
FED that participate in
commissions or decisionAt least 25% achieve effective activities and
making bodies
changes within the focus of sexual and
reproductive rights and equity within the
decision-making bodies
1.1.3. Percentage of organizations
that keep the defense of
sexual and reproductive
rights in the public agenda,
including the right to
therapeutic abortion
1.1.4. Number and percentage of
observatories for the
vigilance and restitution,
creation and application of
laws, policies, activities and
services in favor of sexual
and reproductive rights.
60% of the organizations keep the defense
of sexual and reproductive rights in the
public agenda, including the right to
therapeutic abortion by 2013
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
At least 10% achieve effective activities at
the national and international level
At least two observatories identified and
functioning
60% of the activities and the information
obtained by the observatories are publicized
and placed on the FED web-page
‐
‐
‐
‐
Minutes, reports, records of
the organizations
Laws, policies, regulations,
codes or norms under proven
implementation
Minutes of the bodies
Reports of the organizations
that participate in the different
bodies
Minutes and records of the
activities implemented with a
focus of sexual and
reproductive rights and gender
equity
Press reports
Reports of advances of the
counterpart organizations in
regard to themes of sexual
and reproductive rights
Decrees, laws, norms in
defense of sexual and
reproductive rights
Pronouncements of the
human rights bodies and
governments that support
them in defense of the
restitution of the right to
therapeutic abortion
Reports of the functioning
observatories
Information and activities of
the observatories
Information of the web-page
of FED
RESULT 1.2
Civil society organizations
demand justice, equality and
non-discrimination of persons,
regardless of their sex, sexual
orientation, race, ethnicity,
physical condition or persons
living with HIV/AIDS
1.2.1. Number of civil society
organizations that promote
public activities and make
complaints to the State of
discrimination against
LGBTTTI persons
1.2.2. Number and percentage of
organizations that promote
denunciations against
discrimination due to gender
directed at persons with
disabilities and the ethnic
and indigenous population At least 10 organizations promote public
activities and make complaints to the
State of discrimination against LGBTTTI
persons
‐
At least 10% of the denunciations are
attended to or publicized and lead to a
reduction in discrimination against
LGBTTTI persons
At least 5 organizations promote
denunciations against discrimination due
to gender directed at persons with
disabilities and the ethnic and indigenous
population
‐
At least 30% of the complaints are effective
and reduce discrimination due to gender
directed at persons with disabilities and
the ethnic and indigenous population
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
1.2.3. Number and percentage of
organizations that promote
denunciations against
discrimination regarding
persons living with
HIV/AIDS At least 10 organizations that promote
denunciations against discrimination
regarding persons living with HIV/AIDS
At least 30% of the complaints regarding
discrimination regarding persons living
with HIV/AIDS are effective
‐
‐
‐
‐
Progress reports of
organizations
Records of events
Records and testimonials of
cases and press reports
Reports of research,
resolutions, norms, etc.
Reports of the Human Rights
Ombudsman
Progress reports of the
organizations, records of
events
Records, testimonials,
publications in journals and
other media
Decrees, laws, norms in
defense of the rights of
persons with disabilities and
the ethnic and indigenous
population
Reports of the Human Rights
Ombudsman
Progress reports of the
organizations
Records of events
Records, testimonials,
publications in journals and
other media
Decrees, laws, norms in
defense of the rights of
persons living with HIV/AIDS
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE 2
Increase the activities of promotion and defense of sexual and reproductive rights, including the right to live with autonomy and without violence1.
RESULT 2.1
Civil society organizations achieve
2.1.1. Percentage of women in the
areas of Work of the
counterpart organization
300 activities (workshops, fora,
interchanges, radio and television programs,
newspaper articles, etc.) sponsored by
‐
‐
Records of events
Lists of participants
1
With emphasis on LGBTTTI persons, disabled, ethnic groups, indigenous populations and organizations that work in the prevention of HIV/AIDS the involvement of the target
populations in processes of
reflection regarding sexual and
reproductive rights, leading to a
sexuality that is comprehensive,
enjoyable, responsible, safe and
free of prejudices that possess information
that allows them to take
sexual and reproductive
decisions in an autonomous
and well informed manner
2.1.2. Percentage of persons of
the LGBTTTI population
that possess information
that permits them to take
sexual and reproductive
decisions in an autonomous
and well informed manner
2.1.3. Percentage of persons with
disabilities, ethnic groups
and indigenous populations
in the coverage area of the
counterpart, that possess
information that permits
them to take sexual and
reproductive decisions in an
autonomous and well
informed manner
2.1.4. Percentage of persons in
the coverage areas of the
counterpart, that receive
information regarding
HIV/AIDS, including those
living with HIV
organizations to promote autonomous and
well-informed decision-making on issues of
sexual and reproductive rights
‐
‐
At least 30% of the women that participate in
the activities can take sexual and
reproductive decisions in an autonomous
and well informed manner
150 activities (workshops, fora,
interchanges, radio and television programs,
newspaper articles, etc.) sponsored by
organizations of LGBTTTI to promote
autonomous and well-informed decisionmaking on issues of sexual and reproductive
rights
Note: These indicators can only
be measured if there are studies
made of the knowledge, attitudes
and practices pre- and postintervention At least 30% of the LGBTTTI persons that
participate in the activities can take sexual
and reproductive decisions in an
autonomous and well informed manner
75 activities (workshops, fora, interchanges,
radio and television programs, newspaper
articles, etc.) sponsored by organizations to
promote autonomous and well-informed
decision-making on issues of sexual and
reproductive rights
At least 30% of the persons with disabilities,
ethnic groups and indigenous populations
that participate in the activities can take
sexual and reproductive decisions in an
autonomous and well informed manner
250 activities (workshops, fora,
interchanges, radio and television programs,
newspaper articles, etc.) sponsored by
organizations to promote autonomous and
well-informed decision-making on issues of
sexual and reproductive rights
At least 30% of the persons that receive
information regarding HIV/AIDS, including
Evaluations of activities
Register and testimonials of
cases
RESULT 2.2
Strengthening the prevention of
gender-based violence
2.2.1. Number and type of
activities undertaken by the
counterpart organizations of
the FED that act in an
individual or articulated form
for the prevention of
gender-based violence
2.2.2. Number of groups of
LGBTTTI persons, people
with disabilities, ethnic
groups and indigenous
populations that carry out
activities for the prevention
of gender-based violence
2.2.3. Number and type of specific
activities that promote a
masculinity free of
prejudices and violence
those living with HIV, that participate in the
activities can take sexual and reproductive
decisions in an autonomous and well
informed manner.
200 activities (workshops, fora,
interchanges, radio and television programs,
newspaper articles, etc.) sponsored by
organizations to promote the prevention of
gender-based violence in their area of
influence
At least 30% of the activities sponsored by
the organizations for the prevention of
gender-based violence promote changes in
attitude of the target groups
100 activities (workshops, fora,
interchanges, radio and television programs,
newspaper articles, etc.) sponsored by
organizations to promote the prevention of
gender-based violence in their area of
influence
At least 30% of the activities sponsored by
the organizations for the prevention of
gender-based violence against LGBTTTI
persons, people with disabilities, ethnic
groups and indigenous populations
promote changes in attitude of the target
groups
75 activities (workshops, fora, interchanges,
radio and television programs, newspaper
articles, etc.) sponsored by organizations to
promote a masculinity free of prejudices
and violence
At least 30% of the activities sponsored by
the promote changes in favor of a
masculinity free of prejudices and violence
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
Records of events
Lists of participants
Evaluations of activities
Register and testimonials of
cases, radio programs,
denunciations by
organizations
Evaluation of knowledge,
attitudes and practices preand post-intervention
Records of events
Lists of participants
Evaluations of activities
Register and testimonials of
cases, press reports
Evaluation of knowledge,
attitudes and practices preand post-intervention
Records of events
Lists of participants
Evaluations of activities
Register and testimonials of
cases, radio programs,
denunciations by
organizations
Evaluation of knowledge,
attitudes and practices preand post-intervention
RESULT 2.3
Access to comprehensive care,
health care and justice for victims
of gender-based violence.
2.3.1. Number of cases of victims
of violence attended by
counterpart organizations of
FED via health care,
psychological and legal
services
15,000 cases of victims of violence receive
attention from counterpart organizations of
FED
‐
‐
At least 40% of the cases attended by
health care, psychological counseling and
legal services for victims of violence have
a favorable result
‐
2.3.2. Number of complaints laid
by the victims of violence in
the bodies that administer
justice, as a product of the
activities of the civil society
counterpart organizations
supported by FED.
2.3.3. Percentage of cases that
conclude with a prison
sentence as a result of the
activities of the civil society
organizations assisted by
FED
3,000 complaints laid by the victims of
violence
‐
5% of the cases presented conclude with a
prison sentence
2.3.4. Number of women attended
in the shelters assisted by
FED as a means of
constructing new lives
. 304 women attended in the shelters
assisted by FED
‐
‐
Records of the shelters
Testimonials of new lives by
women who were victims of
violence and were attended in
the shelters
‐
Records of referrals and
counter-referrals of the
counterparts
Opinions and resolutions of the
bodies
2.3.5. Number of referrals and
counter-referrals that the
counterparts of FED make
with public institutions
.
‐
At least 30% of the complaints laid by the
victims of violence are received and
attended to by the corresponding bodies
At least 35% of the of women attended in
the shelters assisted by FED construct new
lives
500 referrals and counter-referrals made
and received
At least 50% of the counter-referrals made
were attended by relevant professionals
‐
‐
‐
Case records
Reports of attention by health,
psychological and legal
services
Court resolutions,
psychological reports of
closed cases, cases that do
not repeat within at least 2
years of the intervention
Records of cases sent to
different bodies
Testimonials of resolved
cases
Press reports
Opinions and resolutions of
the bodies.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE 3
Strengthen the capacities of civil society organizations for the full implementation of gender equity and sexual and reproductive rights
RESULT 3.1
The technical and institutional
3.1.1. Number of activities that
promote theoretical and
methodological exchanges
150 activities that promote theoretical and
methodological exchanges for knowledge
management between the civil society
‐
‐
‐
Records of events
Lists of participants
Evaluations of positive
capacities of the civil society
counterparts of the FED are
strengthened
for knowledge management
between the civil society
organizations
3.1.2. Number of activities that
strengthen the capacities of
civil society organizations to
measure and report the
proposed indicators
3.1.3. Percentage and number of
the counterpart
organizations that improve
their administrative and
management capacities
organizations
At least 90% of the activities promoted
strengthen knowledge exchanges between
the civil society organizations
300 activities (visits, carrying out fora,
interchanges, etc.) that strengthen the
capacities of civil society organizations to
measure and report the proposed
indicators
At least 90% of the planned activities
strengthen the capacities of civil society
organizations to measure and report the
proposed indicators
At least 50% of the counterpart
organizations of FED have efficient
administrative and accounting systems
At least 50% of the counterpart
organizations of FED use their strategic
plan to improve their management
capacities for project development,
achievement and expenditure,
communication, strategic vision, etc.
At least 5 organizations of LGBTTTI are in
the process of obtaining legal status via the
Central American Women's Fund
institutional changes of the
organizations
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
Records of events with their
respective lists of participants
Reports of visits
Reports of counterpart
organizations
Software for monitoring
Framework. for monitoring the
logframe of the Technical
Secretariat of FED
Audits
Reports
Financial statements
Results
Annex 5: Table related to Section 2 (General summary of the intervention)
Table 6: Total committed amounts FED Phase 1 – operational projection USD February 2013 Exchange rate Total Amount MAEF Donor Sweden (2009‐2010) Denmark (2010‐2013) Finland (2009‐2013) The Netherlands (2009‐2011, 2012‐
2013) Luxembourg (2009‐2010, 2011‐2013) Norway (2009‐2013) UNFPA (anual) Austria (2009‐2013) GIZ (2010‐2011, 2012‐2013) Sub ‐ total Reimbursement of Forum Syd Total estimated in USD according Conv.
SEK 4 500 000
DKK 3 000 000
Euro 1 883 000
Euro
966 000
Euro 1 300 000
19 100 NOK
000
USD
150 000
Euro
600 000
Euro
875 000
Total planned* in February2013: December 2012: September2012: August 2012: July 2012: February 2012: USD 11 952 481 11 918 800 11 857 250 11 421 870 11 505 370 10 790 850 t/c 1,33
1,30
1,25
1,21
1,26
1,30
1,34
1,44
1,33
Equiv.USD‐
2009‐2010 (already disbursed) 638 676
514 808
402 335
1,33
1,33
1,33
1,33
2/13 Equiv.USD‐
2011 (already disbursed) Equiv. USD 2012 (already disbursed) Already Total disbursed in Estimated in estimated in USD 2013 USD 2013 USD 949 459
743 338
330 823
332 500
638 676 514 808 2 758 455 776 441
398 834
52 565
324 571
261 429
309 130
255 613
638 950
266 000
665 000
1 612 048 2 336 485 792 740
60 000
250 421
214 675
4 048 930
45 644
4 094 573
1 386 689
30 000
256 798
227 071
3 227 153
3 227 153
815 984
30 000
254 316
686 252
3 100 449
3 100 449
286 055
1 511 441
1 511 441
282 450
0
1 545 950
1 545 950
3 563 917 120 000 761 535 1 127 998 13 433 922 45 644 13 479 565 Annex 6: Tables related to section 3.5. (Efficiency)
Table 7: Level of compliance with the objectives of the logframe
Level of #
Selection of indicators compliance Low 15 Observatories identified and functioning
(0‐50%) Beneficiaries participating in the activities can take sexual and reproductive decisions in an autonomous and well informed manner Changes of attitude towards gender based violence suffered by LGBTTTI, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous persons Organizations promote activities of denouncing discrimination against people who live with HIV/AIDS Medium (50‐100%) High (>100%) Observations
Although studies were carried out to identify the observatories, no funds were assigned for their functioning due to a lack of proposals All the indicators related to the knowledge, attitudes and practices remained at 0% on the logframe. It is planned to measure these in a study programmed in March 2013, which might be able to identify progress It was difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of activities in this field, given that only mass event activities were reported; only in 2012 was thee a report on the effectiveness of a concrete activity. Cases attended by the health, psychological and legal services for The FED team concluded that it is necessary to discuss with the organizations victims of violence are resolved favourably that are considering cases to be resolved favourably 13 Organizations participate in different bodies
The percentage of organizations participating in commissions and municipal bodies varied (67% in 2010; 80% in 2011; and only 38% in 2012). Complaints filed by the victims of violence are received and handled At the start this didn’t go well, but it has been improving during by the appropriate authorities implementation 15 Complaints are filed by the victims of violence with the authorities At the start this didn’t go well, but it has been improving during that administer justice implementation Concrete and specific activities to position the theme of equity and The exceeding of this target is partly related to the publication and promotion equality at the local, regional and national levels of Law 779. Organizations that promote activities of denouncing discrimination The exceeding of these indicators is related to activities of denouncing in against LGBTTTI persons public spaces (marches, for a, radio campaigns, etc.). A minority of the organizations made complaints directly to state bodies. Complaint activities are attended and/or publicized and reduce the discrimination against LGBTTTI persons Organizations that promote activities of denouncing gender discrimination or discrimination directed at disabled persons or those of the ethnic or indigenous population Workshops, for a, interchanges, etc. are encouraged by those The indicator was one of those that was exceeded, probably because the organizations that promote the taking of decisions regarding sexual target was not realistic, in light of the number of activities implemented by the partner organizations (workshops, etc.) and reproductive rights in an autonomous and well informed manner Women attended in the FED shelters as instruments for building At the start there was only one shelter financed, but in the final years FED had new life projects agreements with 7 shelters which managed to attend approx.. 1000 persons Referrals and counter‐referrals The majority of the organizations carry out referrals and counter‐referrals with the state institutions and maintain records of this Table 8: Budget in US $ and level of expenditure per year
Category 20091
2010
Budget Expenditure
Budget
Expenditure Project contributions 1,800‐
0%
2,146,353
98% Capacity development
‐
0%
64,000
98% Research and knowledge 5,000
0%
170,420
55% management Monitoring, accompaniment 1,472
0%
38,190
38% and evaluation Direct administration costs 118,849
27%
315,939
93% Indirect administration costs 8,899
25%
191,443
94% Total expenditure level 136,020
2,926,345
94% Source: Reports of budgetary expenditure (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012) FED/Hivos 1
September– December 2009 2011
2012
Budget
Expenditure 3,423,900
100% 44,000
88% 123,300
56% Budget
3,058,357
89,000
118,900
Expenditure
82%
95%
92%
30,180
56%
32,000
91% 255,757
248,654
3,800,847
96%
83%
83%
287,531
273,751
4,184,482
93% 98% 98% Table 9: Categories in relation to the total approved budget Categories 20091
Project contributions 2010
2011 2012 0% 73% 80% 81% Capacity development 0%
2%
2% 1%
Research and knowledge management 0%
6%
3% 3%
Monitoring, accompaniment and evaluation 5%
1%
1% 1%
Direct administration costs 89%
11%
7% 7%
Indirect administration costs 7%
7%
7% 7%
Total 100%
100%
100% 100%
Source: Reports of budgetary expenditure (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012) FED/Hivos 1
September– December 2009 Table 10: Contribution to projects (in US $) and level of expenditure
2010 2011
2012 Modality US $1 Expenditure
US $1
Expenditure
US $1 Expenditure
Public calls for proposals 1,274,253 98% 2,062,6002
82%3
2,795,500 100%
programmatic aid 600,000 98%
710,000
85%
495,000 100%
Small projects4 270,000 95%
274,692
97%
138,574 100%
5
Total 2,146,353 98%
3,058,357
82%
3,429,074 100%
1
Annual Approved budget 2 2010 + 2011 (2 years) 3 Average of 2010 (96%) & 2011 (68%) 4
Small projects modality includes: small projects; support for specific activities; strategy of working with prioritized groups (sexual diversity) and emergency activities 5
Total of the annual budget approved under the category of Contributions to projects from public calls; direct assignment; Calls and selection of projects Source: Reports of budgetary expenditure (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012) FED/Hivos Designed by FCG consultants Table 11: Contribution to projects by modalities
Modality of assistance 2010
2011
2012 % RO
Public Calls for Proposals (CP)
59%
67%
81% 70%
programmatic assistance (AP)
28%
23%
14% 20%
1
Small projects (PP) 13%
10%
4% 10%
1 small projects; support for specific activities; strategy of working with prioritized groups Source: FED/Hivos. Annual report 2012. Table 12: Consolidation of the cooperation partners financed, by modality of assistance (2009‐2012) Means of assistance No. Projects/contracts
No. partners (without repetitions)
Public calls for proposals 65
44 Small projects 24
14 Programmatic assistance 8
5 Small activities 17
3 Strategies with prioritized groups1 14
9 Emergency activities 5
All were repeated
Total 133
75 1
Three projects as part of the Strategy for strengthening groups of sexual diversity in Nicaragua, implemented by FCAM; 11 projects implemented by 8 cooperation partners of the FED Source: FED list of projects and counterparts financed by FED: 2009‐2012. All modalities to December 2012. Annex 7: Tables related to section 3.6. (Effectiveness for development)
Table13: Compliance with the indicators of the Logical Framework of FED (Annex of the Annual Report of FED, 2012)
# Description of the indicator 1.1.1.1 At least 80 concrete and specific activities have been carried out by the organizations to raise the theme of equity and equality at local, regional and national levels 1.1.1.2 At least 60% of the activities that the organizations promote are effective and are under implementation 1.1.2.1 80% of the organizations are participating in different bodies by 2013 Accumulated % of Commentaries / analysis expressed as an average of the years reported results by compliance in 2012 relation to the final targets 2013 194 243% 2010 & 2011: compliance of more than 100%; this target was readjusted during the first year of FED, for the annual report of 2011. The Technical Secretariat took the results of the earlier years as the baseline and proposed new targets to the Coordination Committee meeting of April 2012. 2012: 160 activities were carried out by 12 partner organizations, or 114 more activities than the set target. We believe that this is related to the publication and promotion of Law 779. The narrative report explains the activities carried out. 34% 57% 2010: Of the 11 activities undertaken, 6 (55%) are considered effective, since there are agreements approved by the municipal bodies. 2011: Of the 231 activities reported, 4 (17%) were approved initiatives, for which reason they are considered effective. 2012: of the 160 activities reported, there were 49 effective activities [10 (1st semester and 39 2nd semester). The rest of the activities promoted were of mass nature; their size makes it difficult to measure their effectiveness. The effectiveness of the activities of the counterparts with respect to reaching agreements, establishing norms, municipal orders and ratification of laws 62% 77% 2010: Of the 33 counterparts, 22 (67 %) participated in municipal bodies. 2011: Of the 15 counterparts that work with this result area, 12 (80%) participate actively in the different commissions and bodies. 2012: Of the 53 OCP, 20 (38%) work with this result area and of these, 8 participate in different commissions and decision‐making bodies in municipal, regional and national ambits Table13: Compliance with the indicators of the Logical Framework of FED (Annex of the Annual Report of FED, 2012)
# Description of the indicator 1.1.2.2 At least 25% achieve effective activities and changes within the focus of sexual and reproductive rights and equity within the decision‐making bodies 1.1.3.1 60% of the organizations maintain the defense of sexual and reproductive rights in the public agenda, including the right to therapeutic abortion by 2013 . 1.1.3.2 At least 10% carry out lobbying activities at the international level 1.1.4.1 At least 2 observatories identified and functioning with assistance Accumulated % of Commentaries / analysis expressed as an average of the years reported results by compliance in 2012 relation to the final targets 2013 40% 80% 2010: of the 22 counterparts participating in bodies, 11 have managed to carry out effective activities. 2011: Of the 12 counterparts participating in bodies, 8 have achieved effectiveness 2012: Of the 8 counterparts participating in bodies, they have achieved effectiveness in 56 activities, of which 29 have been approved, principally in the PVG Commission (9 cases). Although the records refer to a total of 20 cases in process and 7 cases introduced, the percentage of effectiveness that the present Framework reflects is based in the cases reported as approved. 31% 52% 2010: Of the 33 counterparts, 10 have carried out activities to maintain the theme of sexual & reproductive rights in the public agenda 2011: Of the 59 projects implemented during 2011, 15 (25%), support this indicator 2012: Of the 53 counterparts, 20 organizations (of national coverage or of at least more than one department) support this indicator. The principal activities are newspaper articles, and TV and radio campaigns. 36% 27% 2010: There were no national or international activities reported for this indicator; only at the municipal level. 2011: There were no national or international activities reported for this indicator; only at the municipal level. 2012: of the 12 counterparts 1 (Movimiento Autónomo de Mujeres) worked to participate in the 146th conference of the Inter‐American Commission of Human Rights (CIDH/OEA) held in Washington DC. 0 0 2010 y 2011: Studies were carried out to identify the observatories, but funds were not assigned for their functioning. Table13: Compliance with the indicators of the Logical Framework of FED (Annex of the Annual Report of FED, 2012)
# 1.1.4.2 Description of the indicator from FED for the vigilance and restitution, creation and application of laws, policies, activities and services in favor of sexual and reproductive rights 60% of the activities and the information obtained by the observatories are publicized and placed on the FED web‐page. 1.2.1.1 At least 10 organizations promote public activities and make complaints to the State regarding discrimination against LGBTTTI persons 1.2.1.2 At least 10% of the denunciations are attended to or publicized and lead to a reduction in discrimination against LGBTTTI persons Accumulated % of Commentaries / analysis expressed as an average of the years reported results by compliance in 2012 relation to the final targets 2013 2012: 3 Counterparts reported activities of monitoring of cases of gender‐
based violence and adolescent pregnancy It has been proposed to eliminate this indicator as it was agreed with the FED Coordination Committee that there is no budget destined for this activity, and all that has been reported to date are monitoring activities 0 0 2010 & 2011: Given that there were no funds assigned for this indicator, it hasn’t been implemented. It has been proposed to eliminate this indicator as it was agreed with the FED Coordination Committee that there is no budget destined for this activity, and all that has been reported to date are monitoring activities 20 200% 2010: The denunciation activities were in public spaces (marches, for a, radio campaigns). Only AMOJO reported a complaint directly to a State body. 2011: Of the 19 counterparts registered under this result área, only 5 have carried out public activities. None of the complaints have been made to State bodies. 2012: Of the 12 counterparts in 2012, 138 public activities were reported ‐ 8 were made regarding discrimination, with 27 activities regarding discrimination against LGBT persons, by: Puntos de Encuentro, Dos Generaciones, Los Cumiches, FEM, MFN, Grupo Venancia, NIMEHUATZIN, AMNLAE/ Rivas. 11% 113% 2010: CAs there was only one complaint during 2010 and this was attended, it is possible to say that there was 100% compliance, but this means really that the indicator should be re‐thought. The indicaor should be studied. ‐2011: 10 activities of public complaint were made, of which 3 were regarding LGBT (27%), and were attended by the bodies. Table13: Compliance with the indicators of the Logical Framework of FED (Annex of the Annual Report of FED, 2012)
# Description of the indicator 1.2.2.1 At least 5 organizations promote denunciations against discrimination due to gender directed at persons with disabilities and the ethnic and indigenous population 1.2.2.2 At least 30% of the complaints are effective and reduce discrimination due to gender directed at persons with disabilities and the ethnic and indigenous population Accumulated % of Commentaries / analysis expressed as an average of the years reported results by compliance in 2012 relation to the final targets 2013 ‐2012: Of the 27 complaints were raised regarding discrimination against LGBT persons. There was only one case taken to the Ombudsman regarding sexual diversity and this was dealt with. It is always evident that there is a need to express the indicator as an absolute number and not as a percentage, in order to be in agreement with reality. 9 180% 2010: The activities reported were referred to a mass demonstration with the aim of promoting the rights of ethnic and indigenous populations. Only CMM reported an activity regarding discrimination again people with disabilities. 2011. Complaint activities against people with disabilities were not reported. Only Si Mujer reported mass activities with the indigenous population. 2012: 19 activities of denunciation were reported regarding people with disabilities and the ethnic and indigenous population by 4 counterparts (Sí Mujer, Grupo Venancia, AMNLAE/Rivas y Nidia White. There is a lack of alignment with e counterparts, when discrimination is by gender, taking into account other intersections (race, sexual orientation and disability) 33% 111% 2010: It was not possible to prove which activities carried out by counterparts were effective since they were denunciations as part of mass events 2011: It was not possible to prove which activities carried out by counterparts were effective since they were denunciations as part of mass events. The estimation for 2012 is that there will be at least30% effective complaints 2012: The reported activity was considered effective, and rights were Table13: Compliance with the indicators of the Logical Framework of FED (Annex of the Annual Report of FED, 2012)
# 1.2.3.1 1.2.3.2 2.1.1.1 Description of the indicator Accumulated % of Commentaries / analysis expressed as an average of the years reported results by compliance in 2012 relation to the final targets 2013 restored. See page 42 of the narrative (Case AMNLAE‐Rivas). it is proposed that the measurement of this indicator should be numerical and not a percentage, as the number of cases are so small. This would avoid that it appears that there has been over‐achievement, when in fact this is not the case. 14 117% 2010: Only 3 counterparts (20% of the total counterparts supported under At least 10 organizations that Result1.1.) made activities directed to the theme of HIV. promote denunciations against 2011: This indicator was supported by 8 counterparts (42%) of the 19 discrimination regarding persons support the result. living with HIV/AIDS 2012: 3 counterparts reported 21 activities of complaints regarding discrimination suffered by persons with HIV 3% 10% 2010: The counterparts reported 26 activities regarding discrimination At least 35% of the complaints suffered by persons with HIV. it is still pending to establish whether the regarding discrimination activities had any impact in reducing discrimination. regarding persons living with 2011: 40 activities were reported directed to persons with HIV, but it was HIV/AIDS are effective not possible to evaluate their effectiveness, given that the counterpart only informed on the mass events carried out. 2012: One of the reported activities was considered to be effective, of the 7 carried out by the counterparts. 3,987 133% 2010: This indictor was over‐achieved, probably because the target was 3000 activities (workshops, fora, unrealistic. The counterparts reported field visits, experiential exchanges, interchanges, radio and television training workshops, reflexive videos, counseling, study circles. 76% of the programs, newspaper articles, etc.) participants in the said activities are women. sponsored by organizations to 2011: In the1198 activities carried out, 73% women participated (88,022). promote autonomous and well‐
2012: 2,293 activities were carried out, in which participated 65,465 informed decision‐making on women, representing 66.5% of the total number of participants (98,408). issues of sexual and reproductive Table13: Compliance with the indicators of the Logical Framework of FED (Annex of the Annual Report of FED, 2012)
# 2.1.1.2 2.1.2.1 2.1.2.2 2.1.3.1 Description of the indicator Accumulated % of Commentaries / analysis expressed as an average of the years reported results by compliance in 2012 relation to the final targets 2013 rights At least 35% of the women that 0% participate in the activities can take sexual and reproductive decisions in an autonomous and well informed manner 212 250 activities (workshops, fora, interchanges, radio and television programs, newspaper articles, etc.) sponsored by organizations of LGBTTTI to promote autonomous and well‐informed decision‐making on issues of sexual and reproductive rights 0% At least 30% of the LGBTTTI persons that participate in the activities can take sexual and reproductive decisions in an autonomous and well informed manner 745 1500 activities (workshops, fora, interchanges, radio and television programs, newspaper articles, etc.) 0% It is planned that for 2013 an instrument will be applied to measure knowledge, attitudes and practices. This instrument will be applied at the end of Phase I 85% 2010: 32% of the target was reached. Field visits, experience exchange, training workshops, reflexive videos. According to the report of the counterparts, 1,006 persons have participated in the different events. 2011: 163 activities were reported, directed to LGBT persons, or a total number of 213 persons. 2012: 770 activities were reported on the theme of sexual diversity. FCAM reported 4 activities, Si Mujer, FADCANIC, Grupo Venancia, MFN, Los Cumiches. Si Mujer and the LGBT persons participated in activities organized by the Technical Secretariat of FED. As with the target 2.1.1.1., the target is not in agreement with the indicator, and should be revised and updated It is planned that from March 2013 an instrument will be applied to measure knowledge, attitudes and practices. This will allow the identification of behaviours with respect to the decision‐making by the LGBT population, which is participating in these activities 0% 50% 2010: There were 6 activities directed to people with disability and 72 for ethnic and indigenous groups, reaching a population of 695 ethnic and indigenous persons(3% of the total participants in the activities) and 347 Table13: Compliance with the indicators of the Logical Framework of FED (Annex of the Annual Report of FED, 2012)
# Description of the indicator sponsored by organizations to promote autonomous and well‐
informed decision‐making on issues of sexual and reproductive rights 2.1.3.2 Accumulated % of Commentaries / analysis expressed as an average of the years reported results by compliance in 2012 relation to the final targets 2013 persons with disabilities (1% of the total). 2011: 607 activities were carried out in total – within these there were 53 persons with disabilities, 24 persons that live with HIV and 80 persons from the ethnic and indigenous populations. There were not activities carried out exclusively for these groups. 2012: The 20 counterparts that support this result carried out 2293 activities. Of these 4 (20%) reported 9 activities with people with disabilities (240 women with disabilities). See page 47 of the report. With the ethnic and indigenous community 7 counterparts are working directly (35%). They report a total of 51 activities, with the participation of 767 persons. See page 48 of the report‐ The report disaggregates what has been achieved as a result of adjustments carried out in SISME‐FED. 0% 0% In March 2013, an instrument will be applied to measure knowledge, attitudes and practices At least 30% of the persons with disabilities, ethnic groups and indigenous populations that participate in the activities can take sexual and reproductive decisions in an autonomous and well informed manner. 987 2.1.4.1 500 activities (workshops, fora, interchanges, radio and television programs, newspaper articles, etc.) sponsored by organizations to promote autonomous and well‐
informed decision‐making on issues of sexual and reproductive rights 197% 2010: The activities mention are, among others: fora, radio campaigns, publicity activities such as murals and signs. In this year no counterpart was attending directly to persons with HIV/AIDS. The activities reported were carried out with 1,533 persons, who received information on HIV/AIDS. Within these only 28 28 people living with HIV/AIDS were reported to be involved 2011: In 185 activities 97,536 persons participated, and of these only 188 (0.19%) were living with HIV. There were no ethnic minorities reported to Table13: Compliance with the indicators of the Logical Framework of FED (Annex of the Annual Report of FED, 2012)
# Description of the indicator Accumulated % of Commentaries / analysis expressed as an average of the years reported results by compliance in 2012 relation to the final targets 2013 participle in this activity. 2012: 653 activities were reported where the theme of HIV/AIDS was discussed, and 44,623 persons received information on this theme 2.1.4.2 At least 30% of the persons that 0% receive information regarding HIV/AIDS, including those living with HIV, that participate in the activities can take sexual and reproductive decisions in an autonomous and well informed manner 2.2.1.1 15,000 activities (workshops, fora, 11,891 interchanges, radio and television programs, newspaper articles, etc.) sponsored by organizations to promote the prevention of gender‐
based violence in their area of influence 0% In March 2013, an instrument will be applied to measure knowledge, attitudes and practices 79% 2.2.2.1 116% 2010: These activities included: 48 for diversity, 5 for people with disability, 75 for ethnic and indigenous groups. The population involved was in total 3,610 persons (1,024 disabled; 1,658 ethnic and indigenous persons; 423 persons living with HIV and 505 LGBT). 2011: These activities involved: 12 directed to people with disabilities, 6 for LGBT, 890 ethnic and indigenous persons. . 2012: Of the total activities there were 127 activities reported to be exclusively for PVBG, carried out by counterparts with the population prioritized by the FED. 2010: These activities included: 48 for diversity, 5 for persons with disabilities, 75 for ethnic and indigenous persons. The total population involved was 3,610 (1,024 disabled; 1,658 ethnic and indigenous persons; 423 people living with HIV and 505 LGBT). 2011: These activities included: 12 for persons with disabilities, 6 for LGBT, 1,163 1000 activities (workshops, fora, interchanges, radio and television programs, newspaper articles, etc.) sponsored by organizations to promote the prevention of gender‐
Table13: Compliance with the indicators of the Logical Framework of FED (Annex of the Annual Report of FED, 2012)
# 2.2.2.2 2.2.3.1 2.2.3.2 Description of the indicator Accumulated % of Commentaries / analysis expressed as an average of the years reported results by compliance in 2012 relation to the final targets 2013 890 for ethnic and indigenous persons. based violence in their area of 2012: of the total activities there were 127 exclusively for PVBG, carried influence out by counterparts with the population prioritized by the FED. At least 30% of the activities 0% 0% 2010: Given the complexity and all the external factors that influence this sponsored by the organizations for indicator, the proposed target is low. For its compliance, one should the prevention of gender‐based evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices, pre‐ and post‐ intervention violence against LGBTTTI persons, 2011. The organizations do not report activities with reference to the people with disabilities, ethnic promotion of attitude change in the target groups. groups and indigenous 2012: In March 2013, an instrument will be applied to measure knowledge, populations promote changes in attitudes and practices attitude of the target groups 250 activities (workshops, fora, 194 78% 2010: Two organizations (CCBN & UCA San Ramón)have promoted 50 interchanges, radio and television activities organizations to promote a masculinity free of prejudices and violence, including training workshops, experience exchanges, theatre and programs, newspaper articles, etc.) sponsored by organizations to cultural activities, fora, radio campaigns. The indicator is underestimated promote a masculinity free of and it is necessary to adjust it for the rest of the period. The number of prejudices and violence reported participants is 329 2011: 62 activities were reported including mainly training workshops, study circles and reflexive videos. 2012: Counterparts reported 82 activities on the theme of masculinity 0% 0% 2010: Given the complexity and all the external factors that influence this At least 30% of the activities indicator, the proposed target is low. For its compliance, one should sponsored by the promote evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices, pre‐ and post‐ intervention. changes in favor of a masculinity 2011. The organizations didn’t report any activities related to attitude free of prejudices and violence change in the target groups 2012: In March 2013, an instrument will be applied to measure knowledge, attitudes and practices Table13: Compliance with the indicators of the Logical Framework of FED (Annex of the Annual Report of FED, 2012)
# Description of the indicator Accumulated % of Commentaries / analysis expressed as an average of the years reported results by compliance in 2012 relation to the final targets 2013 2.3.1.1 15,000 cases of victims of violence 43,097 153% 2010: In this year 52% of the target of the whole period was achieved. The target for 2010 was exceeded. Of the 7,811 cases, 5560 were persons receive attention from counterpart attended by health services (general and specialized), 1,375 in organizations of FED psychological attention and 876 in legal attention for victims of violence. The indicator is too low and should be adjusted for the rest of the period. 2011: Medical attention to victims of violence (1,165), Legal (2,566), Psychological (2129), general attention (7,471). 133% of compliance with respect to the target. 2012: A total of 47,467 were seen, of which 21,955 were cases. The technical Secretariat continues to insist that the counterparts only record the attention to victims of violence. 2.3.1.2 At least 40% of the cases attended 10% 25% 2010: Of the cases attended 1,022 were resolved favorably. It is necessary by health care, psychological to discuss with the organizations that are considering the cases resolved counseling and legal services for and with a favorable diagnosis victims of violence have a 2011: A total of 497 were attended with a favorable diagnosis. Of the total favorable result of cases attended it is considered that 4% have a favorable result 2012 of the total attended, 2,903 cases had a favorable result 2,519 168% 2010: There was 26.6% compliance with the target for 2010. Of these 2.3.2.1 1,500 complaints laid by the there were: 256 for domestic violence, 6 for sexual crimes and 4 for victims of violence alimony 2011: The complaints were for: 280 domestic violence, 171 alimony, 137 sexual crimes. The prevalence for 2012 is that there would be less than a 1000 complaints presented by the victims of violence, with the cases resolved favorably. 2012: 1,665 complaints were made to the justice administration. 2.3.2.2 At least 90% of the complaints laid 58% 65% 2010: The counterparts reported attention to victims, indicating that 100% Table13: Compliance with the indicators of the Logical Framework of FED (Annex of the Annual Report of FED, 2012)
# Description of the indicator by the victims of violence are received and attended to by the corresponding bodies 2.3.3.1 15% of the cases presented conclude with a prison sentence 2.3.4.1 900 women attended in the shelters assisted by FED as a means of constructing new lives 2.3.4.2 At least 50% of the women attended in the shelters assisted by FED construct new lives Accumulated % of Commentaries / analysis expressed as an average of the years reported results by compliance in 2012 relation to the final targets 2013 of the cases were referred to justice. 2011: 531 of those attended and received represents 90 % of the 588 complaints. For the year 2012 it is predicted that at least 85 % of the claims will be received. 2012: 85% of the complaints laid (1,415) by the victims of violence were received and attended by the corresponding bodies 9% 63% 2010: In order to calculate this %, 266 cases were taken into account that were reported to the counterparts. The targets of each year must be revised in the face of reality 2011: 48 have resulted in a favorable sentence (8%), among the 588 cases attended and received. 2012: Of the total complaints laid, 183 cases have concluded with favorable sentences, of which 149 cases were judged. 1,804 200% 2010: The only counterpart this year was Oyanka: of the total attended, 16 were adult women, 12 were adolescent women, 18 girls and 10 boys. This signifies 75% of the target for the year. 2011: FED had agreements with 7 counterparts which manage shelters, and these served 862 persons. It was projected that for 2012 they would attend 800 women in the shelters. 2012: of the 981 persons in shelters, 426 were adult women, 277 adolescent women, 182 girls and 96 boys 62% 125% 2010: of the total cases attended, 47 had formulated their life plan. 2011: 45 % ended with a life plan of the 674 that received shelter. 2012: 531 women receiving shelter prepared a life plan. In the monitoring visits, there was an analysis of the organizations to measure the project ‘life plan’ of the short term residents, what instruments were used, and Table13: Compliance with the indicators of the Logical Framework of FED (Annex of the Annual Report of FED, 2012)
# Description of the indicator 2.3.5.1 700 referrals and counter‐
referrals made and received 2.3.5.2 At least 50% of the counter‐
referrals made were attended by relevant professionals 3.1.1.1 108 activities that promote theoretical and methodological exchanges for knowledge management between the civil society organizations 3.1.1.2 At least 90% of the activities Accumulated % of Commentaries / analysis expressed as an average of the years reported results by compliance in 2012 relation to the final targets 2013 who had done the evaluation but still needed more information. 1,484 212% The majority of the organizations carry out referrals and counter‐referrals with state institutions and have records of this. 2011: The counterparts report referrals and counter‐referrals (309 referrals and 196 counter‐referrals. The projection for 2012 is that there would be at least 500 referrals and counter‐referrals. 2012: A total of 912 referrals and counter‐referrals, of which 11% were to the prosecution service, 52% to the Women’s Commissariat, 2% to Forensic Medicine, 18% to MIFAMILIA and 17% to the Courts. 0% 0% 2010: Oyanka informed that it referred 46 persons to other institutions and received 21 persons referred by them. The % can’t be analyzed 2011: The counterparts didn’t report this information. For 2012 a measurement system was planned to verify the counter‐referrals attended by relevant professionals, expecting that at least 20% would be reported in 2012. 2012: There was no information on this in the reports. The CC proposes that this indicator is not taken into consideration in the future. 63 58% 2011: 7 events were carried out with 189 participants. 7 international events with participation 22 persons. 4 regional thematic fora with 378 participants. 4 events presenting the CAP study with approx 160 persons. 2012: AMPDI presented in an international congress of higher education, carried out in the West Chester University of Philadelphia. FECONORI, participated in the International Meeting of RIADIS (Network of Associations of Disabled Persons of Latin America) 100% 111% The Technical Secretariat of FED considers the evaluation of positive Table13: Compliance with the indicators of the Logical Framework of FED (Annex of the Annual Report of FED, 2012)
# Description of the indicator promoted strengthen knowledge exchanges between the civil society organizations 3.1.2.1 300 activities (visits, carrying out fora, interchanges, etc.) that strengthen the capacities of civil society organizations to measure and report the proposed indicators 3.1.2.2 At least 90% of the planned activities strengthen the capacities of civil society organizations to measure and report the proposed indicators 3.1.3.1 At least 80% of the counterpart organizations of FED have efficient administrative and accounting systems Accumulated % of Commentaries / analysis expressed as an average of the years reported results by compliance in 2012 relation to the final targets 2013 institutional changes in the counterpart organizations of FED. It also did an initial study of the thematic needs of the counterpart organizations that will serve as a baseline for this indicator.. 2012: 3 studies were carried out: 1‐Lesbian women in Nicaragua. Trajectories and Future Persepectives. 2‐Study on the use of TICs. 3‐
Analysis of project of the Family Code. In addition 5 for a and 2 conversations were held. Durante 2013, a knowledge fair is programmed to interact and share information on the common themes of the counterparts. 225 75% 2011: 2 monitoring workshops with a total of 68 participants. 75 visits of technical and administrative monitoring. 2012: Here the technical and administrative visits and workshops are reported. . 67% 74% 2011: The counterparts were trained in the use and management of SISME under the modalities of public calls (2009 y 2011), as well as programmatic aid 2012: It is proposed to change the target of this indicator, given that it doesn’t respond to the reality of the work of monitoring of FED. 36% 45% 2011: Of the visits reported, 27 were in the administrative area and e counterparts were given technical assistance. 17 OCP were assisted with 29% of the 59 projects in total implemented during this year. 2012: There was still no information on the counterparts with an accounting system, although when this information is received it won’t be Table13: Compliance with the indicators of the Logical Framework of FED (Annex of the Annual Report of FED, 2012)
# Description of the indicator 3.1.3.2 At least 80% of the counterpart organizations of FED use their strategic plan to improve their management capacities for project development, achievement and expenditure, communication, strategic vision, etc. 3.1.3.3 At least 5 organizations of LGBTTTI are in the process of obtaining legal status via the Central American Women's Fund (FCAM) Accumulated % of Commentaries / analysis expressed as an average of the years reported results by compliance in 2012 relation to the final targets 2013 attributable to the work of FED. When something specific was done it was included in the annual report. The CC proposes to remove this target. 45% 56.3% This percentage could be adjusted based on the information that the Technical secretariat obtains during the process of institutional strengthening of the counterparts. During 2011, 61% (32 OCP) reported using their strategic plan. 2012: There is no information regarding the counterparts that have strategic plans, although when that information is received the data won’t be attributable to the work of FED. No hay información aún sobre la OCP que cuentan con planes estratégicos, aun cuando se consiga el dato esto no es atribuible al trabajo del FED. When something specific was done it was included in the annual report. The CC proposes to remove this target. 0% 0% This percentage could be adjusted based on the demands of the sexual diversity organizations and the progress that FCAM makes within the agreement with FED. During 2011, FCAM is assisting 4 LBT organization but it couldn’t be seen whether they have obtained their legal status. que el FCAM realice en el marco del convenio que el FED acuerde con 2012: The activities of the organizations of sexual diversity are not in the process of obtaining their legal status The CC proposes to remove this target. Table 14: List of Results Source: Annual reports FED, ML Result 2010 Result 1.1: 
Organizations of civil
society promote
activities for the
effective application of
laws, codes,
regulations, norms and
public policies for
gender equity and
equality


2011 2012 Objective 1: PROMOTE AND DEFEND GENDER EQUITY AND EQUALITY  The counterparts indicate tha the  A quarter of the projects Great success was reported for this most significant change has been that implemented in 2011 supported this target, to the level of achieving 7 result, relating principally to the people have achieved greater times the value of the target set in the themes of the prevention of violence, knowledge and solidarity to break the logframe, a difference that was sexual and reproductive rights and silence and demand justice, using Law related to confusion on the content of HIV/AIDS 779. the indicator. Despite this, there were significant advances, for example in  The encouragement and approval of  Althought the participation of the the introduction of two project of law Law 779 and the reforms to Law 641 counterparts in the national of the National Assembly and 24 of the penal Code were one of the commission was agreements with organizations or most important struggles of the work  67%, 80% and 38% for each year, it municipalities of most of the counterparts. continues to be necessary to increase Although the influence of the the spaces for civil society and  The themes of masculinity, sexual counterparts to reinforce or change improve the dialogue with the diversity and therapeutic abortion the focus of sexual and reproductive have not been approached as speicifc government at the national level. rights in the difference commissions themes for campaigns by the  The most visible theme in the public was modest, there is evidence that counterparts agenda was the prevention of gender their participation has been effective.  The strategies of political lobbying violence. There was also an increase Many of the mentioned agreements in the attention to the theme of that have been utilized by the were achieved together with the masculinity, although it has been counterparts have permitted the commissions they pertain to approached in mass campaigns (and quantitative and qualitative advance For example: participation in the in the workshops of the counterparts) in the results of the FED. In the annual process of formulation of the policy of evaluation carried out by the  Although FED wasn’t financing the integrated attention toward children counterparts it was mentioned that observatories, some of the and adolescents; establishment of “the persons that are recognized as counterparts had activities of agreements with municipal subjects of rights”, expressing the monitoring, and a network (RMCV) governments; implementation of the active participation of the target constituted a national observatory of campaign for prevention of pregnancy groups violence again women, sexual in adolescents that was carried out in violence and murder, and was Table 14: List of Results Source: Annual reports FED, ML Result 2010 secondary colleges in Matagalpa; agreements with the National Police to enrich and improve the investigations and processes in cases of gender violence Result 1.2: Civil
 The counterparts have carried out society
activities of public denunciation organizations
against discrimination, principally via demand justice,
mass media equality and non discrimination of
persons,
regardless of their
sex, sexual
orientation, race,
ethnicity, physical
condition or
persons living with
HIV/AIDS
Result 2.1: Civil
society organizations
achieve the
involvement of the
target populations in
processes of reflection

2011 2012 confirmed as an observatory. 
None of the counterparts reported a  Although the effect is difficult to denunciation directly to the justice measure, greater advances reported organizations. The majority of the  Aunque el efecto es difícil de medir, actions were taken via mass actions mayores avances reportados fueron and demonstrations and una mayor visibilidad pública de communications (for example, grupos de expresiones de diversidad marches, radio campaigns, fairs and sexual. fora)  In summary, for the themes of  Despite this, the demonstrations led discrimination it is considered that to a good result in this theme for FED. there were some advances, among them the discussion on the Family  Although the effects of this type of Code, and the appeal regarding activities (change of attitudes and discriminatory language (by the societal conduct) are not visible in the counterparts on behalf of people with short term, the demonstrations disability) managed to include many people in their activities and called attention from the media , and on occasions, from government Objective 2: PROMOTION AND DEFENSE OF SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS  Processes of reflection and capacities  There were advances related to the The mechanism of the FED tries to regarding sexual and reproductive support the essential processes so defense of rights of sexual diversity rights and gender‐based violence that women take informed decisions and greater visibility. These advances have been developed. The themes of via knowledge and analysis of their have been possible due to joint
experiences, but also by the
masculinity and HIV/AIDS have been sexual and reproductive rights. establishment of dialogue and
Table 14: List of Results Source: Annual reports FED, ML Result 2010 2011 2012 regarding sexual and
advanced. But less visibility was given Related with this result is was collaboration with local public bodies. reproductive rights,
to the themes of therapeutic abortion  The annual report presents a wide reported that activities were carried leading to a sexuality
and sexual diversity (for reasons of out with the participation of range of initiatives (nearly 2300 that is comprehensive,
religious beliefs) approximately 133,250 women activities, in which participated nearly enjoyable,
 Advances were reported in the  The main themes covered were the 100,000 persons), including responsible, safe and
development of strategies of prevention of violence and sexual and workshops, counseling, educational free of prejudices interventions, for example with reproductive rights campaigns, the majority (90%) in themes of sexual and reproductive religious leaders, mothers and  At the start of the interventions it rights, prevention of HIV/AIDs and fathers, and community meetings couldn’t be evaluated whether the violence; and 10% in themes such as participating women were improving  Increasingly women have participated health attention, sexual diversity, in the processes of reflection/training their capacity for decision‐making as a masculinity and therapeutic abortion that are proposing changes at the result of the information and capacity person level. The counterparts have building they received valued the advances in giving greater
prominence to the target groups of
projects, and developing constructive
and innovating methodologies, such
as self-care and youth work.
Result 2.2: 
Strengthening the
prevention of genderbased violence


There were 5,083 activities reported (workshops, fora, exchanges, radio programs); with prioritized group there have been 128 activities in total. In relation to the activities supported to promote a masculinity free of prejudices, the activities were concentrated in theatre, radio campaigns and cultural acts. Only 2 organizations worked in the theme (courses of masculinity, creating a network of men for the prevention of Directly and indirectly more than half 
a million people have participated in activities (workshops, visits, meetings, exchanges, counseling, fora and articles) promoted by the counterparts in the theme of the prevention of gender based violence. This was a large number because this is one of the principal themes of the projects financed by FED. Despite the obstacles related to cultural, religious and political aspects, 79% of the target for the whole of Phase I was achieved Table 14: List of Results Source: Annual reports FED, ML Result 2010 2011 gender‐based violence); in due to the feminist political approach not to divert the scarce resources they have available to work with women and allocate them to work with men Result 2.3:  The number of cases attended in the  About ¾ of the counterparts that Access to
comprehensive care (specialized and contribute to this result provide comprehensive care,
gynecological) is 6,132. Of the 33 services of comprehensive care and health care and justice
partner organizations, 13 provide demands for health care and justice for victims of genderdirect assistance to victims of violence for victims of domestic violence; of based violence.
(comprehensive care, psychological these services the majority was health and legal services) with FED funds. care.  In 2010 there was only one  A change in attitudes on the victims of counterpart organization serving violence was reported compared to women victims of violence through previous years, a greater ownership of demands and of the process was shelters (total 136 people). observed. Victims go directly to make a complaint and organizations are available to accompany them. In addition, there is an increase in local networks and health committees for reproductive health care demanded by the victims.  In 2011 the FED increased its support to organizations that manage shelters or safety houses. However, the demand exceeds the capacity of the counterparts, especially regarding the psychological and legal care, a role 2012 



Law 779 was important in the work in this theme In 2012 the counterparts provided almost 4 times more services than that reported in 2011: 47,467 women and victims received general attention and medical, psychological and legal services. In comparison to the year 2011, there were 3 times more complaints placed to different instances of justice administration (1,655 in total). For the end of 2012 a total of 1,804 people have been attended in the shelters (number of persons attended in the whole of Phase I of FED). Table 14: List of Results Source: Annual reports FED, ML Result 2010 2011 2012 assumed by the counterparts because institutions do not guarantee effective assistance to victims.