Transcendentalist, Anti-Transcendentalists, and Hawthorne
The Transcendentalists
What does “transcendentalism” mean?
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There is an ideal spiritual state which “transcends” the ___________________
and ______________________.
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A loose collection of ideas about literature, philosophy, religion, social reform,
and the general state of American culture.
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Transcendentalism had ___________________________________ for each
person involved in the movement.
Where did it come from?
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Ralph Waldo Emerson gave German philosopher ______________________
credit for popularizing the term “transcendentalism.”
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It began as a reform movement in the ___________________ church.
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It is not a _______________—more accurately, it is a philosophy or form of
spirituality.
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It centered around ____________ and ______________, MA. in the mid-1800’s.
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Emerson first expressed his philosophy of transcendentalism in his essay
___________.
What did Transcendentalists believe?
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The _______________, instead of logical or the five senses, became the means
for a conscious union of the individual psyche with the world psyche also known
as the _______________ or life-force
Basic Premise #1
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An _________________________ is the spiritual center of the universe.
Basic Premise #2
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All knowledge begins with _________________________________.
Basic Premise #3
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Transcendentalists accepted the concept of _______________ as a ____________
mystery.
The Anti-Transcendentalists
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Anti-transcendentalism was a literary movement that essentially consisted of two
writers: ______________________________ and ________________________.
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Both men are easily two of the greatest ______________________ of their time.
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In _______________ to the transcendentalists, their work focused on the
______________________ and ___________________ of the human spirit.
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After graduating from college, Hawthorne lived in solitude at his mother’s house
for _____________________ working on becoming a writer.
For a short time, he lived on a transcendental commune, ___________________.
After marrying, Hawthorne moved to Concord, and became a close friend of both
___________________ and ___________________.
Brooks Farm
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Brook Farm was a commune which tried to establish the transcendental
ideal: ________________________________________and
____________________________.
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They sought ___________, the merging of __________, ___________,
and _________________ matters.
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At Brook Farm, ________________________ was considered a condition
of mental well-being and health.
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The members of Brook Farm believed that they could create a
__________________microcosm of society.
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Despite his friendship with both Emerson and Thoreau, Hawthorne found it
_____________________ to accept their ________________ view of the world.
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He could not get past ______________________ and the belief of ____________
as a dominant force in the world.
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As a result of his beliefs, his works express a __________ and _____________
view of the world
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He is most widely known for _____________________________ (a novel about
sin and guilt in the time of Puritans) and ________________________________.
Hawthorne
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Born July 4, 1804 in _______________ Mass. to a well-to-do family
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Father, a sea captain, died when Hawthorne was _____________
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Worked in the _____________________________________
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Married Sophia Peabody and fathered Una (who became the model for
_____________)
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Great-great-great-great grandfather, __________________, was a ____________
at Salem _______________________.
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Although he was not a Puritan, he was shaped by his ___________________ and
so he carried a good deal of ____________________.
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Hawthorne lived abroad in ____________________________ for a number of
years.
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He died in his sleep in ____________ on a walking tour in New Hampshire
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Buried in ___________________, Massachusetts
Hawthorne’s style
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Hawthorne worked at creating _____________________ (a work of literature in
which events, characters, or details have symbolic meaning) in his works
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At times, his allegories are difficult to identify.
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He used the voice of a _____________________ to draw readers in and set the
stage for his _______________ meanings.
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The use of a storyteller also allows readers to consider the ______________ of
such tales.
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Hawthorne’s argument was that readers _________________ could be
manipulated through the ________________________________ of the text.
The Scarlet Letter
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Hawthorne claims to have gotten the idea for this novel from the papers of
_________________________. Among the papers, Hawthorne allegedly found
an ________________________________ and information on
_____________________.
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The novel is set in the ______________________________________________.
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The plot encompasses a ______________ year period.
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The plot involves the love triangle of _________________________________.
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The major theme of the novel is developed in the context of
__________________________________________.
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________________________________________- wearer of the scarlet letter
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__________________________- child of Hester; living symbol of Hester’s sin
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______________________________________________- learned scholar; doctor
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_____________________________________________- admired young minister
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__________________________________- governor and magistrate of
Massachusetts Bay Colony
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______________________________________- senior minister of colony
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____________________________________- Gov. Bellingham’s sister
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The ____________________________ itself is the central symbol. It
________________________ meaning for the characters in the novel as Hester’s
character changes. The A becomes a pathway to _________________________
for some characters as well. Watch the many ways Hawthorne uses the scarlet A
as a symbol.