Biology …
is the study of
living organisms
Ecology…
is the study of how
living organisms interact
with non-living factors
Alive? Not Alive?
Alive? Not Alive?
Domains:
Eubacteria
Archaea
Kingdoms:
Eukarya
Animal
Fungi
Archaebacteria
Plant
Protist
Eubacteria
All Living Organisms …
1. are made up of cells
Common
ancestor
2. use energy(metabolism)
3. reproduce
Plants are producers!
Chloroplasts
• sites of
photosynthesis in
nearly all plants
and some protists.
• trap light energy
and convert it into
chemical energy
CO2 + H2O  C6H12O6 + O2
sugar
Plants absorb
water and
nutrients
through their
roots and
create sugar
through
photosynthesis
Animals eat in order to get
energy (and nutrients!) …
… those
crazy
herbivores
and
carnivores
Plants and animals
have mitochondria!
Mitochondria turn
sugar (and fat)
into
ATP through
cellular
respiration
Fig. 8-8
ATP
Adenine
Phosphate groups
Ribose
cellular
respiration
~33% of food
energy used to
make ATP.
Remainder released
as heat.
ATP is used by
cells for chemical
reactions that
allow them to do
work.
Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Phosphorus Cycle
- POPs
-half-life
-ppm
bioaccumulation
PCBs and Orcas
… not so
magnificent!
biomagnification
bioaccumulation
Uh-Oh Canada!!!
PCBs in lake Ontario
DDT and insect control
Other cool common POPs
Cadmium causes lung
diseases, cancer, nervous and
immune system damage
Electronics waste contains lead and
mercury which causes nervous
reproductive system damage and anemia,.
smart
phones???
bioremediation
Primary Succession
-Lichen and moss are “pioneer species” that can grown on
bare rock and convert it into soil.
-Simple plants such as grasses move in and modify the
soil, which is then colonized by other types of plants.
-Each successive stage modifies the habitat for
animals by altering the amount of shade and
soil composition.
Secondary Succession
- Soil and nutrients already exist and may contain
seeds for the later development larger plants.
-Weeds are often the first to occupy these areas.
Fig. 8-9
P
P
P
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
H2O
Pi
+
Inorganic phosphate
P
P
+
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
Energy
Sugar is used
by
mitochondria
to make ATP
ATP is broken
down to
release
energy for
our cells …
POW!