Sclerocrangon unidentata, a New Crangonid Shrimp from the
Pacific Coast of Honshu, Japan (Crustacea: Decapoda)
Tomoyuki Komai and Masatsune Takeda
Reprinted from the
Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan
Vol. 44
December 20, 1989
Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. J a p a n
Vol. 44
Dec. 20. I WW
ii
f
V"! .in; i'i'
I'U
'
44 ft 1989
12 l] 20 | i
a New Crangonid Shrimp from the
Pacific Coast of Honshu, Japan (Crustacea: Decapoda)
Sclcrocraiigon
unidentata,
Tomoyuki Kornai and Masatsune Takeda
Abstract. A new species of sculptured s h r i m p ( C r a n g o n i d a e ) , Sclerocrungoii
unidentata.
is
d e s c r i b e d on t h e basis of the s p e c i m e n s f r o m the Pacific c o a s t of H o n s h u , J a p a n . T h i s species
is d i s t i n g u i s h e d f r o m the c o n g e n e r s by the erect a n d s t r o n g l y c o m p r e s s e d r o s t r u m a r m e d with
a v e n t r a l t o o t h , t h e s t r o n g b r a n c h i o s t e g a l spine, a n d the distinct s u b b r a n c h i a l c a r i n a .
Introduction
Description
T h e c r a n g o n i d genus Sclerocrangon
contains 6 7
species (ChristofYersen, 1988) which a r e mostly
confined to the N o r t h Pacific a n d N o r t h AtlanticOceans except for S. atrox F a x o n k n o w n f r o m the
Pacific coast of Mexico. F r o m the J a p a n e s e
waters, M i y a k e (1982) e n u m e r a t e d 3 species of the
genus: S. boreas (Phipps), S. sarebrosa O w e n , a n d
S. gasuyebi Y o k o y a .
G e n u s Sclerocrangon Sars, 1883
Sclerocrangon unidentata sp. no v.
(Figs. I 5)
Type series.
H o l o t y p e N S M T - C r 9662, : ,
35.6 m m cl, ca. 157 m m tl, off M i y a k o , Iwate
Pref., n o r t h e a s t e r n H o n s h u , 600 700 m d e p t h ,
M a r c h 30, 1980. P a r a t y p e s H U M Z - C 212, V ,
dissected, a n d H U M Z - C 213,
collected with
h o l o t y p e ; H U M Z - C 202, >, off M i y a k o , 600
700 m d e p t h , trawl net, M a r c h 25, 1979; H U M Z C 934, ? , off I s h i n o m a k i , Miyagi Pref., 2 0 0 - 3 0 0 m
d e p t h , trawl net, M a y 31, 1989; N S M T - C r 9663,
?, Sagami Bay ( R / V Soyo Maru, st. T 1 0 ; 35 0 4 . 8 ' N ,
139 11.1'E), 425 m d e p t h , July 27, 1974; N S M T Cr 9664, ovig. V , S u r u g a Bay ( R / V Tansei Marit,
K T - 8 3 - 1 8 cruise, st. N - 7 - 2 ; 34 4 3 . 8 ' N , 138 39.1'E
34 42.1 ' N , 138 38.6'E), 750 m d e p t h , N o v e m b e r
12, 1983; N S M T - C r 9665,
S u r u g a Bay, May
20, 1964.
D u r i n g the course of a survey of m a c r u r a n
f a u n a a l o n g the coast of Iwate Prefecture, n o r t h eastern H o n s h u , J a p a n , we collected 4 specimens
of a c r a n g o n i d s h r i m p belonging to the genus
Sclerocrangon.
Later, we o b t a i n e d s o m e a d ditional specimens of the s a m e species f r o m off
Miyagi Prefecture, Sagami Bay a n d S u r u g a Bay.
A close e x a m i n a t i o n of these specimens m a d e
clear that they represent a new species, a n d t h u s
we describe a new species, S. unidentata,
in the
following lines.
T h e h o l o t y p e a n d three p a r a t y p e s are
in the N a t i o n a l Science M u s e u m , T o k y o
the other p a r a t y p e s are deposited in the
ry of M a r i n e Z o o l o g y , Faculty of
H o k k a i d o University ( H U M Z ) .
deposited
(NSMT);
LaboratoFisheries,
Description.
Body r o b u s t , slightly depressed
dorsoventrally (Fig. I). Integument h a r d , s u r f a c e
m o d e r a t e l y sculptured, pubescent.
R o s t r u m (Fig. 2A) strongly c o m p r e s s e d , 0.38
0.45 times c a r a p a c e length, obliquely erect, extending beyond a n t e r i o r end of eye, ventrally
a r m e d with a s t r o n g t o o t h which is considerably
falling short of tip of r o s t r u m ; lateral carina
absent. C a r a p a c e a b o u t 1.2 times longer than
wide, a n t e r i o r gastric region, a n t e n n a l region, a n d
proximal ventral s u r f a c e of branchiostegal spine
depressed below; m e d i a n dorsal carina a r m e d
with 3 strong, sharply pointed teeth on its
entire length, dorsal margin of a n t e r i o r m o s t t o o t h
nearly straight, often a r m e d with a small spine.
M e t h o d s of m e a s u r e m e n t s a n d terminology
mainly follow Butler (1980) a n d Baba ct al. (1986),
except for s o m e terms defined h e r e : Postorbital
carina a carina e x t e n d i n g f r o m base of r o s t r u m
to half length of c a r a p a c e ; S u b b r a n c h i a l carina
a longitudinal carina e x t e n d i n g below base of
branchiostegal spine to near lateral end of c a r a p a c e .
77
Komai, T . , and M. Takeda
whereas dorsal m a r g i n s of middle a n d posterio r m o s t teeth a r e c o n v e x ; a n t e n n a l spine m o d erately large; branchiostegal spine extremely
strong, flared a n t e r o l a t e r a l ^ , reaching near half
of scaphocerite, s u p p o r t e d by carina reaching
a n t e r i o r 1/4 of lateral side of c a r a p a c e ; hepatic
spine a n d p o s t h e p a t i c spine strong, in line with
branchiostegal spine, the latter being followed by
s m o o t h branchial carina reaching near lateral end
of c a r a p a c e ; p t e r y g o s t o m i a n spine small, but
always p r e s e n t ; postorbital carina originating
f r o m base of r o s t r u m , turned posteriorly behind
a n t e n n a l spine, reaching half of c a r a p a c e ; short
oblique carina e x t e n d i n g f r o m t u r n of p o s t o r b i t a l
carina to hepatic spine; s u b b r a n c h i a l carina distinct, extending below base of branchiostegal
spine to posterolateral end of c a r a p a c e ; blunt
transverse carina present on near d o r s o p o s t e r i o r
margin of c a r a p a c e ; inferolateral margin of
c a r a p a c e strongly r i d g e d ; p o s t o r b i t a l fissure distinct; hepatic f u r r o w not so deep, r u n n i n g below
hepatic spine.
on posterior half, a n d those of the 3rd a n d 4th
n o t c h e d a n t e r i o r l y ; d o r s o p o s t e r i o r magins of 1st
a n d 2nd somites not n o t c h e d medially; 1st a b d o m i n a l s o m i t e a r m e d with a spine s u p p o r t e d by
longitudinal carina on a n t e r o l a t e r a l m a r g i n , a n d
provided with 2 transverse c a r i n a e c o n v e r g i n g
a d j a c e n t to m i d d o r s a l carina a n d t r a n s v e r s e carina
e x t e n d i n g f r o m a n t e r i o r spine to ventral end of
p l e u r o n ; pleuron of 1st s o m i t e usually a r m e d with
a spine o r t o o t h , but rarely 2; 2nd s o m i t e provided
with raised d o r s o p o s t e r i o r m a r g i n as wide carina,
slightly t u b e r c u l a t e lateral c a r i n a ; pleuron of 2nd
s o m i t e with s u b m a r g i n a l carina a n d 2 ventral
spines; 3rd s o m i t e with c a r i n a e a n d spines similar
to t h e 2nd except for having s u b m a r g i n a l carina
originating f r o m a n t e r i o r ventral spine; 4th somite
as long as or longer t h a n 3rd s o m i t e in male,
w h e r e a s it is s h o r t e r t h a n that in female, provided
with 3 lateral c a r i n a e converging to articular
k n o b ; pleuron of 4th s o m i t e with raised ventral
margin a n d 2 or 3 spines; 5th s o m i t e also provided with 3 lateral c a r i n a e ; pleuron of 5th
somite similar to that of the 4th, with ventral
margin between 2 spines c o n v e x ; 6th somite 0.470.56 times as long as c a r a p a c e provided with 2
parallel dorsal c a r i n a e e n d i n g in a spine posteriorly, a n d with deep transverse f u r r o w on lateral
A b d o m e n provided with heavy m e d i a n dorsal
carina on 1st t o 5th somites, those on the 1st
a n d 2nd p r o d u c e d anteriorly as a p r o m i n e n t
lobe, that on the 5th p r o d u c e d posteriorly as a
spine; m e d i a n dorsal carina of 2nd somite situated
78
New Crangonid Shrimp from Japan
pace, t a p e r i n g to a c u t e tip distally, with 2 dorsal
carinae, sulcate d o r s a l l y ; 3 pairs of d o r s o l a t e r a l
spines present on posterior half, a n t e r i o r t w o
pairs situated on dorsal carinae, whereas post-
side; pleuron of 6th s o m i t e flared laterally, a r m e d
with a spine on posteroventral c o r n e r ; posterolateral process s t r o n g , s u p p o r t e d by short c a r i n a .
Telson (Fig. 2J) 0.67 0.93 times as long as cara-
lateral view; B, eye in dorsal view; C, eye in lateral view; D, antennule; E, antenna in dorsal view;
F, antenna in ventral view, marginal setae on scaphocerite omitted; G, endopod of 1st pleopod; H,
endopod of 2nd pleopod; I, uropod; J. telson. (Scales. A-F. I, J 5 m m : G, H 1 mm).
79
Komai. T . . and M. Takeda
e r i o r m o s t pair is on margin near
ported by short dorsal carina.
tip;
tip
sup-
sharply pointed, not reaching distal end of proximal segment of peduncle, lateral margin s q u a r i s h ;
both a n t e n n u l a r flagella e x t e n d i n g b e y o n d s c a p h o cerite, in male, o u t e r flagellum longer a n d
thicker t h a n inner, but s h o r t e r in female. Antenna with s c a p h o c e r i t e (Fig. 2E, F) 1.6-2.1 times
longer t h a n wide, with lateral margin slightly
convex, lamella exceeding outer spine, a n d 3 blunt
dorsal ridges; basicerite a r m e d with 2 a n t e r o l a t e r a l
spines, inferior o n e much longer t h a n s u p e r i o r ,
a n d with d e e p notch on d o r s o a n t e r i o r m a r g i n ;
c a r p o c e r i t e long a n d slender, but considerably
falling short of distal end of s c a p h o c e r i t e ; flagellum
stout, spinose.
F o u r posterior thorasic sterna a r m e d each with
an a c u t e p r o c u r v e d tooth diminishing in size posteriorly; 5 a n t e r i o r a b d o m i n a l sterna likewise
a r m e d with a median spine, but that of first s o m i t e
is s m a l l ; preanal spine p r e s e n t ; these sternal teeth
or spines excepting preanal spine reduced in
m a t u r e d female.
Eye (Fig. 2B, C) large, spherical, c o r n e a well
developed, a r m e d with a s h a r p spine dorsally.
A n t e n n u l e (Fig. 2 D ) with peduncle exceeding
beyond half of scaphocerite, distal
segment
s h o r t e r than i n t e r m e d i a t e segment, provided with
blunt process distally, proximal segment with
longitudinal ridge ventrallv; slylocerite s h o r t .
M a n d i b l e (Fig. 3A) typical of family, consisting
only of curved m o l a r process divided in 4 teeth
Fig. .1. Sclerocraiixon
unidentata sp. nov., p a r a t y p e female. A, M a n d i b l e ; B, maxillule; C, distal part of
distal endite of maxillule: D, maxilla; F, 1st maxilliped; F, 2nd m a x i l l i i e d ; G . 3rd maxilliped.
(Scales. A. B. F)-C. 5 m m : C 1 mm).
SO
New Crangonid Shrimp from Japan
distally.
Maxillule (Fig. 3B) with palp having
s o m e w h a t t r u n c a t e tip a n d 5 apical setae; distal
endite strongly curved, tip t r u n c a t e with 6 stout
spines (Fig. 3 C ) ; proximal endite b r o a d , with
n u m e r o u s setae. Maxilla with s p a t u l a t e palp
(Fig. 3 D ) ; both endites vestigial; s c a p h o g n a t h i t e
very b r o a d , posterior lobe elongate, converging
distally, with long setae on distal inner m a r g i n .
First maxilliped (Fig. 3E) with u n s e g m e n t e d
palp bearing m a r g i n a l s e t a e ; distal a n d proximal
Fig. 4.
endites a b s e n t ; e x o p o d well developed, lash with
n u m e r o u s setae distally; caridean lobe n a r r o w ,
with marginal setae; e p i p o d large, slightly bi-lobed.
S c c o n d maxilliped n o r m a l (Fig. 3F), dactylus wider
t h a n long, with 3 long stout spines mesially, prop o d u s articulated with c a r p u s tip by tip, with n o
spine; e x o p o d well developed, with lash; epipod
s u b t r i a n g u l a r , without p o d o b r a n c h . T h i r d maxilliped (Fig. 3 G ) o v e r r e a c h i n g distal end of s c a p h o cerite by distal tip, ultimate segment spatulate,
Sclerocrangon unidentata sp. nov., p a r a t y p e female. A, First p e r e o p o d ; B, chela of 1 st p e r e o p o d ; C.
2nd p e r e o p o d ; D. chela of 2nd p e r e o p o d ; E, fingers of chela of 2nd p e r e o p o d ; F, 3rd p e r e o p o d ; G ,
dactylus of 3rd p e r e o p o d ; H. 4th p e r e o p o d ; I, dactylus of 4th p e r e o p o d ; J. 5th p e r e o p o d . (Scales.
A-C , F. H. J 5 m m ; D. I 1 m m ; F.. G 0.5 mm).
Ml
Komai, T . , and M. Takeda
furnished with m o v a b l e spinules a n d c o a r s e setae
on mesial m a r g i n , but w i t h o u t spinules on lateral
m a r g i n ; p e n u l t i m a t e segment m o d e r a t e l y flattened, with g r o o m i n g setae a l o n g mesial m a r g i n ;
a n t e p e n u l t i m a t e segment slightly curved sigmoidally; e x o p o d with well-developed lash; basal segment with wing-like process laterally.
(Fig. 41) 0.6 times as long as p r o p o d u s , s u b s p a t u late, ridged laterally a n d ventrally, tip simply
acute, with no fringe of s u b m a r g i n a l setae; coxa
with s p i n i f o r m tubercle laterally. Fifth p e r e o p o d
(Fig. 4J) similar to the 4th, reaching or slightly
exceeding half of scaphocerite, slightly longer
t h a n the 4th in length of p r o p o d u s .
First p e r e o p o d (Fig. 4 A ) a b o u t as long as 3rd
maxilliped, very stout, reaching distal end of
s c a p h o c e r i t e by tip of c h e l a ; chela (Fig. 4B) with
palm slightly depressed, 2.7 times longer t h a n
wide, a b o u t 0.5 times as long as c a r a p a c e ; fixed
finger strong, s t o u t ; cutting edge nearly transverse,
borderd by ridge; c a r p u s s h o r t ,
subglobular,
with distal spine on o u t e r ventral side; m e r u s
slightly s h o r t e r than chela, with dorsodistal spine,
with longitudinal g r o o v e ventrally; coxa with
p r o m i n e n t tubercle on o u t e r side. Second pere o p o d (Fig. 4C) longer than the 1st, slender, reaching tip of scaphocerite distally; chela (Fig. 4 D ,
E) a b o u t 0.5 times as long as c a r p u s , fingers short,
about 0.36 times as long as palm, with n u m e r o u s
spinules on both cutting edges; c a r p u s slightly
longer than m e r u s ; ischium curved weakly, slightly
s h o r t e r than m e r u s ; coxa with a well-developed
wing-like process laterally. T h i r d p e r e o p o d (Fig.
4 F ) also slender, as long as or slightly longer than
the 2 n d ; dactylus (Fig. 4 G ) a b o u t 0.3 times as
long as p r o p o d u s , tip a c u t e ; p r o p o d u s 0.4 times as
long as c a r p u s ; c a r p u s longer t h a n m e r u s ; ischium
barely s h o r t e r t h a n m e r u s , almost s t r a i g h t ; coxa
covered with p l u m o s e setae posteriorly.
Fourth
p e r e o p o d (Fig. 4 H ) s t o u t , reaching or slightly exceeding tip of scaphocerite by d a c t y l u s ; dactylus
E n d o p o d of 1st pleopod of male small, subr e c t a n g u l a r (Fig. 2G). Second p l e o p o d of male
(Fig. 2 H ) with r u d i m e n t a l e n d o p o d a n d well-developed a p p e n d i x masculina covered with stout
setae dorsolaterally.
U r o p o d (Fig. 21) with
rami s u b e q u a l in length, slightly falling short of
distal end of telson; e n d o p o d dorsally with longitudinal carina extending f r o m base to distal e n d ;
e x o p o d with 2 longitudinal c a r i n a e converging
basally, o u t e r margin convex, with a fixed spine;
basal segment with distolateral spine.
P l e u r o b r a n c h s present on 4th to 8th thorasic
s o m i t e s ; a r t h r o b r a n c h or p o d o b r a n c h absent on
any thorasic a p p e n d a g e s .
Fig. 5.
Eggs large, oval, 3.2 2.4 m m .
Color in fresh.
Body bright red u n i f o r m l y ,
posterior p o r t i o n of branchial region pale or
white, a n d a b d o m e n nebulous. A p p e n d a g e s also
bright red, but a n t e n n u l a r peduncle, scaphocerite,
a n d distal p o r t i o n s of 2nd a n d 3rd p e r e o p o d s
pale. M o v a b l e finger of chela of 1st p e r e o p o d
white. Eye black, with reflecting pigments.
Variations.
In the c a r a p a c e length of the
largest specimen, 31.0 m m in male a n d 35.6 m m
in female, 4th a b d o m i n a l s o m i t e is as long as or
longer t h a n 3rd somite in male, whereas it is
s h o r t e r t h a n t h e 3rd in female (Fig. 5A).
Morphological variations of Sclerocrangon unidentata sp. nov. A, Third and 4th a b d o m i n a l somites
of male ( H U M Z - C 202); B and C. pleura of 1st a b d o m i n a l s o m i t e ; D and E, pleura of 4th a b d o m i n a l
somite. (Scales 10 mm).
X2
New Crangonid Shrimp from Japan
T h e pleural ventral spine of 1st a b d o m i n a l
somite is usually I, but 2 spines are present in
o n e male specimen ( H U M Z - C 202) (Fig. 5B, C ) ;
n u m b e r of pleural ventral spines of 4th a b d o m i n a l
somite is also variable, 2 or 3 (Fig. 5 D , E).
Ecological
note.
Sclerocrangon
unidentata
is
semibathyal species as well as S. atrox F a x o n f r o m
the Pacific coast of Mexico a n d S.
derjugini
K o b j a k o v a f r o m the O k h o t s k Sea, i n h a b i t i n g the
m u d d y or sandy b o t t o m of c o n t i n e n t a l slope.
O h t a (1983), w h o m a d e the intensive p h o t o g r a p h i c
sensus of large-sized benthic o r g a n i s m s in the
bathyal zone of S u r u g a Bay, collected 7 specimens
of " u n d e s e r v e d " Sclerocrangon
by trawl net a n d
observed 3 individuals by u n d e r w a t e r c a m e r a at
the depth of 593 to 1,155 m. A c c o r d i n g to his
kind i n f o r m a t i o n , it is w i t h o u t d o u b t conspecific
with the species just described as new to science.
As recorded on 77 page, the specimens in the
type series are o b t a i n e d f r o m the depth of 200
750 m. T h e b a t h y m e t r i c range of the present
new species is, therefore, f r o m 200 to 1,155 m.
T h e senior a u t h o r observed a male specimen
( H U M Z - C 202) kept alive in a q u a l i u m for a week.
This specimen often creeped on s a n d y b o t t o m , but
did not bury as reported in m a n y c r a n g o n i d
s h r i m p s (Butler, 1980).
ventral t o o t h , the large eye, 3 s t r o n g middorsal
teeth on t h e c a r a p a c e , a n d 2 ventral spines on each
p l e u r o n of 2nd to 5th a b d o m i n a l somites, as well
as the ecological features ( b o t h species are semibathyal a n d distributed in relatively low latitude
area for t h e genus), but differs f r o m it in the
following c h a r a c t e r s : 1) T h e r e is a distinct subbranchial carina extending near t h e posterolateral
end of t h e c a r a p a c e in the new species (absent in
S. atrox); 2) T h e ventral t o o t h of r o s t r u m is considerably falling short of t h e tip of r o s t r u m in the
new species (almost reaching t h e tip of r o s t r u m
in S. atrox); 3) T h e rostral lateral carina flinged
with setae is absent in the new species (present in
S. atrox); 4) T h e branchiostegal spine reaches
half of the scaphocerite in the new species
(slightly extends beyond a n t e r i o r m a r g i n of the
basicerite in S. atrox); 5) T h e a n t e r i o r part of
postorbital carina is nearly transverse in the new
species (obliquely transverse in S. atrox); 6) T h e
eye-tubercle is sharply pointed a n d spiniforni in
the new species (blunt in S.
atrox).
Etymology.
T h i s species was n a m e d in reference
to a large ventral t o o t h of the r o s t r u m .
Distribution.
Pacific coast of H o n s h u f r o m off
Iwate Prefecture t o S u r u g a Bay, J a p a n .
Remarks.
Five species of Sclerocrangon
have
been k n o w n f r o m the N o r t h Pacific. S. boreas
(Phipps) (widely distributed in t h e N o r t h Pacific
a n d N o r t h Atlantic O c e a n s ; shelf species), S.
sarebrosa Owen (the J a p a n Sea a n d the O k h o t s k
Sea; shelf species), S. gasuyebi Y o k o y a (the J a p a n
Sea, shelf species), 5. derjugini K o b j a k o v a (the
O k h o t s k S e a ; semibathyal species), a n d S. zenkevitchii
Birshtein et V i n o g r a d o v (the Bering
Sea; bathyal species). T h e laterally c o m p r e s s e d
r o s t r u m a r m e d with a s h a r p ventral t o o t h a n d the
strongly flared branchiostegal spine readily distinguish present new species f r o m these 5 species.
In S. boreas, S. sarebrosa,
S. gasuyebi,
a n d S.
derjugini, the r o s t r u m is depressed a n d dorsally
sulcate, with a paired shallow grooves, while
that of S. zenkevitchii
is c o m p r e s s e d ,
but
lacks ventral t o o t h a n d o f t e n far exceeds the
scaphocerite. In a d d i t i o n , the
branchiostegal
spine is m o d e r a t e l y or only weakly flared in these
5 species.
W e wish to express sincere g r a t i t u d e to Dr.
K u n i o A m a o k a , P r o f e s s o r of H o k k a i d o University,
for his valuable advice a n d critical reading of the
m a n u s c r i p t . Special t h a n k s are d u e to D r . KenIchi Hayashi of S h i m o n o s e k i University of Fisheries for providing us with i n f o r m a t i o n . W e a r e
also grateful to D r . Seiji G o s h i m a of the Fuculty
of Fisheries, H o k k a i d o University for c o l l a b o r a t ing in collecting the specimens, a n d to Prof.
S u g u r u O h t a of the Ocean Research Institute,
University of T o k y o for i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t the
specimens f r o m Suruga Bay under his care.
Finally, t h e senior a u t h o r wishes t o thank Dr.
K u n i o Sasaki of the Faculty of Science, Kochi
University for his v a r i o u s advice a n d e n c o u r a g e ment d u r i n g the c o u r s e of this study.
T h e new species is similar to S. atrox in having
the laterally compressed r o s t r u m a r m e d with a
Birstein, Y. A., & L. G. Vinogradov, 1953. New data
on the decapod crustacean fauna in the Bering Sea.
Acknowledgment
References
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