9/12/12 Introduction
Potential Cotton Hybrids for Irrigated Production System Cotton (Gossypium spp. L.) has been cultivated
in tropical and sub tropical climates of the
world.
Introduction Potential for Cotton Production Demand and Supply of Lint Cotton Challenges and opportunities of cotton production Potential Cotton Hybrids Conclusion and Recommendations ECPGEA •  world’s most important textile fiber crop
•  Important oil seed crop after soybean
•  As a multi-purpose crop it has many more uses
Presented
To
11thMeeting of the Southern and Eastern African Cotton Forum Outspan Hotel, Nyeri, Kenya August 27-­‐29, 2012 Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association Ethiopia Geography Land area: 432,310 sq mi (1,119,683 sq km); Total area: 435,186 sq mi (1,127,127 sq km) Population (2010 est.): 88,013,491 Capital City: Addis Ababa, 2,716,200 Monetary unit: Birr The Cotton Textile Value Chain
Cotton Farming
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Spinning
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Transport
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Cotton Ginning
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Poten&al for Co-on Cul&va&on
Knitting
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Garment
Manufacturing
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Dyeing &
Finishing
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Transport &
Shipping
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Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association 3 Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association Spinning TexUle and Garment Factories in the Country 80 Major TexUle Factories Lint Co>on ProducUon and ConsumpUon (Ton) Lint Cotton Production 70 Local Consumption 60 Export 50 Imported 40 30 20 2012/13 2011/12 2010/111 2009/10 2008/09 2007/08 0 2006/07 10 2005/06 Thousands Demand and Supply of Lint Cotton
90 Land : 3.0 million Ha Suitable for Co>on Water Resources: 12 River Basins, 10 Lakes
Surface Water 123 billion m3
Ground water over 90 billion m3
Manual and Trained Manpower: Abundant Finance : Limited Project Financing Available from DBE Market : Sizable Internal market of 80 Million People and Proximity to major world Markets Yarn Arba minch TexUle Awasa TexUle Adei Ababa TexUle Bahir Dar TexUle Dire Dawa TexUle Kombolcha TexUle Alemeda TexUle Ayka TexUle Adama Spinning Edget TexUle (Sewing Trade ) Else TexUle Saygin Dima MAA TexUle & Garment Project Stage ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  Selendawa ü  Level of Value AddiUon Grey Dyed Garment Fabric Fabric ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  ü  Ownership Private Private Private Public Private Public Private Foreign Private Private Foreign Foreign Private Ethiopian Ethiopian Ethiopian Ethiopian Ethiopian Ethiopian Ethiopian Turkey Ethiopian Ethiopian Turkey Turkey Ethiopian Joint Ethio-­‐
Venture Turkey Garment factories (38) Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association 1 9/12/12 Projected Five year Targets Requirements to Fulfill Projected Five year Targets •  Productivity: Current Average Productivity
17 Qt/ha to 25 Qt / ha a growth of 47%
•  Production: Seed Cotton 129 ,000 MT to grow to
—  Finance: An injection of 4 Billion USD
—  Seed: 17,984 MT of Improved seeds
•  Production: Lint Cotton 40,000 Ton to 241,000 MT a
—  Land for Seed Production: 29,973 HA
—  Additional Ginneries: 13 Saw Gin and 8 roller Gin
660,000 MT five fold growth
five fold growth
•  Area Currently 110,000 Ha to 543,000 Ha a five fold
increase
•  Ginning Capacity: 30000 MT to 660,000MT
(With annual capacity of 30,000MT or Equivalent)
Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association The Plan for Next Five Years 2011-­‐2015 Raw cotton
Textile and
garment
Industries
Ginneries
Cotton Production Challenges
Market
Improve productivity and quality
•  Collecting the cotton from the farmers and transport it to the ginneries •  Produces (drying and cleaning, saw ginning, clean, packs ) transports, stocks and markets Ginneries
Improve production management
Variety and Seed
Textile and
garment
Industries
Crop management
Crop protection
•  buying the cotton from ginnery according to their demand. Machineries and implements By the year 2014/15:
Increase production from USD 470 million to USD 2.5 billion
Increase export from 86 million USD to 1 billion USD
Employment increases from 19,000 to 40,000
2011 2012 2013 2014 • Local and foreign Market
ü Demand driven ü Quality oriented 2015 Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association Challenges •  Market Constraints: •  Limited Contractual Production and marketing arrangement: •  Inadequacy of Support through Service Co-­‐operatives:
•  Input Price Escalation:
•  Subsidy to Developed Country Cotton Farmers:
•  Lack of Finance •  Environmental Issues:
•  Inadequate infrastructure in cotton growing areas
Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association According the estimates of International Cotton Advisory Committee
(ICAC)
Trends for the year (2010/11) are supportive of cotton producers.
•  Increase in Mill usage and low ending stocks of lint cotton worldwide
are pushing prices to record high. It was encouraging and created a
situation where cotton producers were benefited greatly.
•  After a significant decline in international cotton prices during
2011/12 the forecast for 2012/13 world cotton may go down by 9%
(24.7 million tons)
The Ethiopian condition
BT Cotton: Genetically modified Bt
Cotton has reached more than half
of the cotton plantation in the
world. Ethiopia cannot afford to
ignore the genetically modified
cotton for cost and productivity
and environmental reasons. Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association • 
The establishment of new factories in the textile, garment and apparel
sector in Ethiopia has created a huge demand for lint cotton,
considered as the most important development affecting the sector.
• 
The textile garment and apparel sector in the country is growing at
much faster pace than cotton production.
• 
Urgent investment and support steps are expected to boost cotton
production.
Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association 2 9/12/12 Although the country has a great potential to produce the cotton product
the sector is currently besieged by various interrelated challenges.
•  In general the production and productivity of cotton has been
constrained by lack of pure seed of high yielding and widely
adaptable varieties
•  Lack of proper management
•  Quality conscious demanded and market
Increased pressure is being placed on cotton breeders to develop
cultivars that meet
• 
the requirements of growers for high yield potential and
• 
the demands of the textile industry for improved fiber quality.
Cotton breeders continue to explore ways to develop new genotypes to
satisfy the present day needs of spinners.
Hybrid Cotton
•  The improvement of crop plants through the production of hybrid
varieties is one of the major goals of breeding.
•  Hybrid varieties have proved equally rewarding in pearl millet,
sorghum, sunflower and several other field and vegetable crops.
• 
The potential benefits which accrue to farmers from the use of
good quality seed of improved varieties include
ü  Enhanced productivity, better adaptation, tolerance to
environmental stress, higher harvest index, reduced risks from
pest and disease pressure, improved product quality and
higher profits.
•  Eco-friendly technology
ü  much of the recent productivity gains have come from vertical
rather than horizontal expansion in crops
Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association Recent developments
Previous Results
•  Intra-specific (G. hirsutum x G.hirsutum) hybrids gave yield advantage of
30% over the best check parent.
• 
Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association 6.2 mm (21.8%) and 7.0 g/tex (39.1%) fiber length and strength advantage
respectively without sacrificing current yield status of commercial cultivars
(Zerihun et al, 2004).
•  Indian intra-specific (G. hirsutum x G.hirsutum) hybrids under Ethiopian
condition showed up to 50% yield advantage over the best check variety
with equal performance of fiber quality parameters (Progress report 2005)
•  None of the above mentioned advantages were transferred to commercial
level under Ethiopian condition
•  Introduced seven inter-specific commercial cotton hybrids from Hazera
Genetics Israel
•  Their level performance under Israeli conditions ranges from 20 to 23 q/ha
lint yield, 33 to 34 mm length and 33 to 37 g/tex fiber strength
•  These levels of performance may boost simultaneous improvement of
productivity and quality
Objective:
To test the adaptability, register the improved technology and improve the
availability of cotton seed towards the improvement of cotton productivity,
production, quality and supply of cotton and its products.
Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association Material and Methods
F1 Hybrid •  Test Materials:- Seven introduced inter-specific cotton hybrids
q  Two upland (hirsutum) check varieties (Deltapine 90 and Stam-59A)
q  One potential long staple (barbadense) variety (HTO# 052)
•  Experimental Site: Seven trial sits of three irrigated cotton growing
regions of the country, Afar (Werer, Amibara and Gewane) Oromiya,
(Upper Awash) and Sothern Nations and Nationalities (Arbaminch, Sille
and South Omo Valley )
•  Design: randomized complete block with three replications.
G. hirsutum G. barbadense •  Data collection and observations: Appropriate agronomic, crop protection
practices, field evaluation and data collection and analysis were also
implemented as per the schedule.
Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association 3 9/12/12 Potential Cotton Hybrids Results and Discussions
Yield component: - Significant seed cotton yield differences were recorded
between the hybrids and best check variety with variability across location.
• 
Average seedcotton yield advantage reaches up to 33% depending on
the hybrid and location.
• 
Higher boll number performances of the hybrids contributed
significantly to seedcotton yield advantage over the best check variety.
• 
On average the hybrids are good performers for lint yield but they are
not as significantly as seedcotton yield, up to 11-18% advantage.
• 
Reduced lint yield performance is due to lower ginning percentage
• 
4.7 – 6.0% seed yield advantage which is additional source of oil
Mean performances of best hybrids for seedcotton and lint yield, 2009 and 2010 Seedcotton yield (qt/ha) 45.0 42.0 39.0 36.0 33.0 30.0 27.0 24.0 21.0 18.0 15.0 12.0 9.0 44.0 Lint yield (qt/ha) 44.6 42.2 33.4 16.3 15.6 15.4 YD-­‐206 Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association YD-­‐211 YD-­‐223 36.5 35.8 33.8 34.0 Strength g/tex 33.2 33.1 32.0 29.7 28.0 29.4 24.0 Data: Werer Agricultural Research Centre Data: Werer Agricultural Research Centre Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association Stam 59A (Check) 26.2 Deltapine 90 (Check) Stam 59A (Check) Deltapine 90 (Check) HTO# 052 (Check) 28.4 HTO# 052 (Check) 14.6 YD-­‐223 13.2 YD-­‐211 16.2 YD-­‐223 YD-­‐211 Staple length 2.5% 36.6 36.0 8.9 YD-­‐206 38.3 YD-­‐206 14.3 39.5 40.0 22.3 16.0 Stam 59A (Check) Mean Performances of 2009 cropping season Lint yield (qt/ha) 35.6 Deltapine 90 (Check) Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association Mean Performances of 2009 cropping season 48.0 44.0 40.0 36.0 32.0 28.0 24.0 20.0 16.0 12.0 8.0 13.8 11.9 Data: Werer Agricultural Research Centre Seedcotton yield (qt/ha) 47.0 46.0 43.1 32.9 Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association Mean Performances of 2009 cropping season Fiber quality:- The overall mean and individual location data shows
6.5 6.2 fineness 6.0 5.6 short fiber index 5.5 5.0 4.6 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.4 • 
highly significant fiber quality superiority of hybrids
• 
The superiority includes all tested fiber quality parameters, and
• 
It ranges from
respectively.
11-18 and 24-30 % for length and strength,
4.4 3.7 Earliness and stress tolerance:- Field observation and evaluation of the
trials also shows that the hybrids are early maturing, tolerance to moderate
3.0 YD-­‐206 YD-­‐211 YD-­‐223 Deltapine 90 Stam 59A (Check) (Check) stress conditions and shortage of irrigation water (Data not shown).
Data: Werer Agricultural Research Centre Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association 4 9/12/12 Conclusions and Recommendations
The results of the present study clearly indicated that the tested hybrids have
significant advantage over the best check varieties
Recommended for verification during 2009/10 and
• 
The average level of fiber length and strength advantage reach 15.6% (4.5
mm) and 29 % (8.9 gm/tex), respectively.
Registered on March 25, 2011.
• 
The yield component advantage also reaches up to 4.7, 18.0 and 33% (9.0, 2.5
and 11.2 qt/ha for seed, lint and seedcotton yield, respectively).
Advantages including quick development, vigorous seedlings, water use
efficiency and higher tolerance to various types of stresses the hybrids
registered for irrigated production system of rift valley.
• 
Many more significant advantages for fiber fineness, short fiber index,
earliness and stress tolerance.
Ø 
Due to the tendency of inter-specific cotton hybrids to grow at a
higher pace and their efficiency in water use, adjustments in crop
management should be made mainly to restrain vegetative growth
when necessary
Ø 
Particularly, avoid excess watering and maintain the right balance
between vegetative and reproductive development.
Challenges
Ø  Low seed yield with high costs of seed production.
Ø  few roller ginneries in the country
Both conditions are an important policy improvement and potential investment
opportunity areas.
Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association • 
According to this study, cotton hybrids produced by crossing parent lines from
the different species G. hirsutum and G. barbadense are the most promising in
their potential for combined advantages of yield and quality.
• 
The great variation in traits between the two species increases the possibilities
for heterotic effects in more traits bringing the following (already proven)
desired advantages:
Ø 
Strong vigor at early growing stages
Ø 
High water use efficiency
Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association Such information could be used to evaluate the economic feasibility of
various methods of hybrid seed production.
o  Require less water (or tolerate large intervals between irrigations) High
tolerance to drought and salinity
o  Efficient physiologic processes (Heterosis) and strong plant with deep root
system.
The time has ripe to produce the first commercial long staple hybrid
cotton under Ethiopian condition, expected to bring sustainability and
satisfaction to the cotton grower and the textile industries.
o  Higher potential for yield under marginal growing conditions.
o  Superior fiber characteristics than usually found in the best Upland
varieties.
Increased flexibility and probabilities for success under various growing conditions.
Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association Today, ECPGEA’s has
more than 52 members
and 10 clusters.
ECPGEA Organize and strengthen the clusters
Training and awareness creation
Research and technology transfer
Information exchange on input availability and marketing
Development of production manuals, brochures and leaflets
ECPGEA and Potential cotton growing areas The Membership is
growing significantly and
many companies in the
Cotton and Ginning
value chain are joining
the Association,
motivated by the basic
commitment to serve all
in the Industry.
ECPGEA members
currently contribute more
than 85% of the nation
cotton lint and oilseed
output.
Ethiopian Cotton Producers Ginners and Exporters Association 5