Environmental Impacts from Business Activities
To be effective in our efforts to reduce environmental impacts,
Cosmo Oil measures the trends of impacts in each process.
The Cosmo Oil Group’s business activities
simply reducing environmental impacts in each of
encompass all processes in the life cycle, from
the processes. We must also understand how
exploration and production of crude oil in oil-
activities in one process interrelate with other
producing countries, to the shipping and refining
processes, and how each activity affects the
of crude oil, to the delivery of petroleum products
environmental impacts of each other process—in
and sales at service stations. To make continuous
both absolute and relative terms.
improvements and deliver products that have low
In fiscal 2002, the amount of SOx (sulfur oxides)
environmental impacts throughout the life cycle,
emissions from products use decreased by 126
we recognize the importance of going beyond
tons from the previous year, despite increased
Water
pollution
control
Energy
conservation
Electricity Water
Energy
27,004 TJ
Research
institute
CO2：1,505,000 t-CO２
SOx：20,757 t
NOx：3,330 t
Reducing
industrial
waste
Wastes
Electricity
VOC
Material
reduction
Material
reduction
Disaster
prevention
Recycling
Water
Waste water Volatile organic
compounds
Recycling
Energy
13,250 TJ
CO2：905,000 t-CO２
SOx：19,724 t
NOx：24,432 t
Green
purchasing
Offices
Fuel
Water
Electricity
Fuel
Water
CO2
NOx
CO2
NOx
SOx
VOC
Carbon dioxide Nitrogen oxides Sulfur oxides Volatile organic
compounds
Carbon dioxide Nitrogen oxides
SOx
Energy
conservation
Fuel
VOC
CO2
Sulfur oxides Volatile organic
compounds
NOx
Production
volume
COD
Waste water Chemicals Wastes
28,710,000 kl
Carbon dioxide Nitrogen oxides
SOx
COD
VOC
Energy
conservation
Material
reduction
Recycling
Greening
at factory
grounds
Air
pollution
control
Water
pollution
control
Reducing
industrial
waste
Disaster
prevention
Waste water Wastes
Sulfur oxides Volatile organic
compounds
Energy
conservation
Zero-flare
project
Prevention
of oil
pollution
Improved
efficiency by
consolidating
shipments
Crude oil
transportation
Crude oil
production
Sulfur
recovered:
245,000 tons
(as by-product)
Oil refining
Materials
Crude oil: 28,310,000 kL
Others: 1,174,000 kL
Energy
Electricity purchased: 3,119 TJ (317,249,000 kWh)
Water
Energy
Industrial water: 36,908,000 tons, sea water: 334,011,000 tons
In-house fuel: 65,191 TJ (1,682,000 kl crude oil equivalent)
■Breakdown of CO2 emissions during the life cycle of oil
0
50
100
（%）
1.9%
CO２
6.2%
90.5%
1.1% 0.3%
３１
Crude oil production
Crude oil transportation
Oil refining
Product transportation
Product consumption
Environmental Impacts from Business Activities
production volume of petroleum products. This
production volume and more stringent refining
* See page 18 for the integrated
achievement was possible in part because many of
requirements, the amount of CO2 emissions arising
assessment of environmental impacts
the products have been converted to lower sulfur
from production increased only a little thanks to our
content, including the low-sulfur (50 ppm) diesel oil*
energy conservation efforts. The final outcome for
that Cosmo Oil began selling on a pilot basis in
CO2 emissions during the product life cycle was that
of reduced sulfur content of diesel oil.
Tokyo. Meanwhile, the amount of CO2 emissions
the proportion emitted during the refining process
arising from use by the customer increased by
decreased by 0.1 point from the previous year to
2,369,000 tons from the previous year, due to the
6.2%, and the proportion emitted at the consumption
increased sales volume. Despite the increased
stage increased by 0.1 point to 90.5% (see graph).
CO2
Fuel
NOx
Prevention
of oil
pollution
Inputs / resource consumption
Carbon dioxide Nitrogen oxides
SOx
VOC
Volatile organic Sulfur oxides
compounds
3,365 TJ
Outputs / environmental impacts
Disaster
prevention
Environmental actions
Electricity Wastes
VOC
Fuel
Product Transportation
Energy
Energy
conservation
Oil storage depots
Improved
efficiency
by mutual
help
Material
reduction
Prevention
of oil
pollution
Volatile organic
compounds
CO2：211,000 t-CO２
SOx：1,809 t
NOx：3,503 t
Water
pollution
control
Recycling
Reducing
industrial
waste
Disaster
prevention
Waste water
VOC
Fuel
Product
Transportation
Material
reduction
Electricity Wastes
Water
CO2
Energy
conservation
Energy
conservation
by using
larger trucks
SOx
NOx
Carbon dioxide Nitrogen oxides Sulfur oxides
Service stations
Energy
conservation
by improved
load efficiency
PM
VOC
Particulate
matter
Volatile organic
compounds
Volatile organic
compounds
Customers (factories,
businesses)
Customers (vehicles,
households)
Improved
product
quality
Improved
product
quality
Fuel
CO2
Fuel
NOx
SOx
CO2
Carbon dioxide Nitrogen oxides Sulfur oxides
NOx
SOx
PM
Carbon dioxide Nitrogen oxides Sulfur oxides Particulate matter
Air emissions CO2: 4,930,000 t-CO2, SOx: 5,998 tons, NOx: 3,224 tons
Discharge to water 342,784,000 tons (including seawater: 334,011,000 tons) COD: 131 tons
CO2：71,724,000 t-CO２
SOx：177,896 t
Industrial waste generation: 41,959 tons, recycled: 10,876 tons, landfill: 1,423 tons
Substances specified by PRTR Law, releases: 77 tons, transfers: 276 tons
■Life cycle inventory of oil
Crude oil production
Energy consumption (TJ)
CO2 emissions (1,000 t-CO2)
27,004
Crude oil transportation
Oil refining
Product transportation
13,250
68,310
3,365
Product consumption
Total
ー
ー
1,505
905
4,930
211
71,724
79,275
SOx emissions (t)
20,757
19,724
5,998
1,809
177,896
ー
NOx emissions (t)
3,330
24,432
3,224
3,503
ー
ー
Notes to table:
・Figures are estimated based on the actual production volumes of petroleum products in fiscal 2002.
・Figures for crude oil production, crude oil transportation, and product transportation are estimated based on LCI for Petroleum Products by Fuel and Environmental Impact Assessment for Petroleum Products, published in March 2000 by the Petroleum Energy Center.
・Figures for refining and product consumption are derived from environmental accounting. See the environmental accounting section in this report for the methods and basis of calculations.
・NOx gases emitted at the product consumption stage are formed mainly from nitrogen in the air. Because products are used in a variety of forms, it is difficult to arrive at figures for NOx emissions at the product consumption stage. Thus, we do not report the figures this
time, leaving this as an issue to be resolved in the future. Also, methods to measure emissions of pollutants at oil storage depots and service stations remain as issues for the future.
・Figures here do not include environmental impacts associated with the construction of facilities.
・It should be noted that environmental impacts of SOx and NOx such as acid rain and photochemical smog are affected by regional characteristics. Thus, they cannot be assessed uniformly on a global scale in a way that can be done for CO2.
・The figures for SOx emissions at the consumption stage are reported for reference. The figure indicates the potential SOx emissions based on sulfur content in products, and does not take into account SOx reductions resulting from desulfurization of emissions that
occurs during use by customers. Thus, the actual figure for SOx emissions is expected to be lower than the figure reported here.
・The figures for CO2 and SOx emissions at the consumption stage include potential impacts of naphtha. Naphtha is used as an ingredient in petrochemicals and fertilizers, which by themselves do not emit CO2 or SOx.
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