Biology OL Cvr
10/8/09
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Page 1
Coimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit
State Examinations Commission
LEAVING CERTIFICATE 2009
MARKING SCHEME
BIOLOGY
ORDINARY LEVEL
Biology OL Cvr
10/8/09
12:43
Page 2
Leaving Certificate 2009
Biology – Ordinary Level
Section A ------------Answer 5 questions (20 marks each)
Answer any four
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen / Symbols
Hydrogen, Oxygen
e.g. Cellulose
e.g. Energy, storage
Nitrogen
1.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
2(9)+2(1)
2.
2(9)+2(1)
Column A
Example:
Where an organism lives
All places where life is possible
Organism’s role in the ecosystem
Position in a pyramid of numbers
Organisms and their environment
Column B
Habitat
Biosphere
Niche
Trophic level
Ecosystem
3.
9 +8 ++3(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
i
ii
(d)
Survival of the fittest or explained e.g. best (adapted)
survive
Darwin / Wallace
e.g. Radiation (any 2 examples in i and ii & allow chance)
e.g. Chemicals
Fossils / Anatomy / Embryos/ Genetics or example
4
9 +8 + 3(1)
Example: The cells produced by meiosis are haploid
The cells produced by mitosis are identical
Meiosis gives rise to variation
Mitosis always produces four new cells
Meiosis is never involved in gamete formation
Single-celled organisms use mitosis for
reproduction
5.
T
T
T
F
F
T
2(8) + 4(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
i
ii
Plasma
Any two
(Red Blood Cells)
Transport O 2 / CO 2
(White Blood Cells)
(Platelets)
e.g. to make antibodies
e.g. Blood Clotting
6.
9 +8 +3(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Phototropism
More light
(Growth) Regulator / Promoters. Or example – allow
(Plant) Hormones
Vascular / Phloem
Geotropism / Hydro- /Thigmo / Chemo-
Leaving Certificate 2009
Biology – Ordinary Level
Section B------------Answer 2 questions (30 marks each)
7
(a)
5+1
(i)
(ii)
Component / Solvent / Medium / Reaction / Transport /
(cell) shape / Temp. regulator / (allow reference to
hydration)
e.g. Sweating
(b)1
2(9) + 6(1)
(i) Clinistix / Benedicts / Fehling’s / Copper sulphate
(ii) (Clinistix) Orange to Blue or (others) Blue to Red
(iii) Yes / (Clinistix – No)
(b)2
(i) Biuret Test / Sodium Hydroxide & Copper sulphate
(ii) Blue to violet /purple / lilac
(iii) No
8
(a)
5+1
(i)
(ii)
(Movement of) water through (semipermeable)
membrane or reference to concentration
Any indication of water movement between cells or soil
to root
(b)
2(9) + 6(1)
(i)
Diagram (2 solutions / membrane)
Any three labels
(ii) Different solutions / Observe / Time / Control /Measure
/safety precaution
(iii) e.g. heavier after
(iv) Reference to direction of water movement
9
(a)
Any two
5+1
(i)
(ii)
Breaking down food
Soluble / for transport / allow ‘glucose for respiration’
(b)
2(9) + 6(1)
(i) Any suitable plant
(ii) Boiling
(iii) Destroys enzymes / allow ‘to kill seeds or cells’/ allow
‘control’
(iv) e.g. agar plates / seeds on / test type
(v) Experiment result
Control result
-2-
Leaving Certificate 2009
Biology – Ordinary Level
Section C------------Answer 4 questions (60 marks each)
10 (a)
8+1
(i)
(ii)
Biotic: living features / Abiotic: non-living
factors / defining either term is sufficient
(Relating to) soil
Single point
(b)
(i)
Quantitative: How many are there
Qualitative: What is there
(ii) Quadrat
(iii) Animals move
(iv) e.g. very large plant
(v) Throw or place / several times / random (belt) /
how random achieved or equivalent for belt /
count or estimate / identify
(vi) e.g. chart / table
(vii) (Due to) human error / Changing conditions /
Accidental discovery / Sample size
2(3)
Any two
3
3
3
2(3)
Any one
3
3
(c)
(i)
Species: (Group of) interbreeding (organisms) /
(Group) producing fertile offspring
(ii) Mauve stinger
(iii) France / Spain or any named Mediterranean
country
(iv) Swelling / redness / oozing / allergy
(v) To kill prey / Defence
(vi) e.g. Global warming / more food / tides
(vii) No free movement
3
3
3
Any two
Any one
2(3)
3
3
3
-3-
11 (a)
7 + 2(1)
(i)
(ii)
Heterozygous: having different alleles / Aa
Incomplete Dominance: Neither allele masks the
expression of the other
(iii) Phenotype: Physical expression / interaction of
genotype & environment
Any one
(b)
(i)
Parents
Gametes
Offspring
R
r
(ii)
Rr x Rr
(R) (r) x (R)
R
RR
Rr
3
(r)
r
Rr
rr
3(3)
3(3)
2(3)
Phenotypes: Red / Pink / White
60 or 50%
Because of results shown or explanation
(c)
(i)
Making a pattern / explanation / accept (Genetic)
Fingerprinting
(ii) Enzymes
(iii) Size / allow mass /weight / use of gel electrophoresis
(iv) Crime(forensic) / Medicine / Paternity / Archeology /
Evolution
(v) e.g. Onion
(vi) To separate the DNA
Any one
6
Any two
3
3
2(3)
3
3
-4-
12 (a)
7 + 2(1)
(i)
(ii)
Decaying / rotting
Bacteria
Fungi
Any one
(b)
(i)
A = Cell Wall / Cell Membrane / Capsule
B = DNA / Chromosome / Genetic material
C = Flagella (allow tail)
(ii) Movement
(iii) Rod / Coccus / Spiral
(iv) (Binary) Fission / allow asexually
(v) Do not use Oxygen
(vi) Disease causing
(vii) e.g. Causes crop diseases / causes human diseases
/ biotechnology
Any two
(i)
Any one
3
Any three
2(3)
3(3)
3(1)
Any two
3
2(3)
3
3
3
2(3)
(c)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Non-cellular / Only one type of Nucleic Acid /
Don’t show characteristics of living things
Protein (coat) / DNA or RNA
Entry / Use cell’s components / Synthesis /
Assembly / Release
Replication (using) / host – allow 2(3) only
Beneficial – Disease control / specific example
Harmful – Cause diseases / specific example
Any two
3
3
-5-
13 (a)
7 + 2(1)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Pulmonary (vein)
Renal (artery)
Hepatic Portal (vein)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
Thorax
Rib cage
Atria / allow Auricle
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
69 - 75
e.g. exercise / anxiety / drugs / infection
Coronary (arteries) / allow cardiac
They pump
(b)
Any two
(c)
Vessel
Name
Lumen
Wall
Direction of Blood flow
Valves present
3
3
3
3
3
2(3)
3
3
12(2)
A
ARTERY
XXXXXXXXX
THICK
FROM HEART
NO
B
XXXXXXXXX
LARGE
THIN(NER)
TO HEART
YES
C
CAPILLARY
SMALL
(VERY) THIN
XXXXXXXXX
NO
-6-
Any two parts of Question 14
14 (a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(Vascular) bundles / more than one bundle /
bundles in a ring
A = Xylem
B = Phloem
Diagram e.g. 2 tubes – one wide & one narrow
Labels: Sieve tube / Sieve plate / Companion cell
11 + 8(2)
N.B. Part (iii)
labels 3(1)
Any one
3(1)
Labels 3(1)
1. Dermal Tissue – e.g. to protect / absorb
2. Ground Tissue – e.g. to store / bulk –
allow ‘diffusion’
1. Xylem
2. e.g. Narrow / tubes / continuous / hollow
3. Up
(b)
11 +3 +8(2)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
A = Cortex B = Medulla / Allow Pyramids
C = Ureter
Bladder
A / Cortex
Getting rid of waste (products of metabolism)
Water / Salts / Urea - if urine than 1(3) only
Skin / Lungs / Liver
Any two
Any two
(c)
(i)
(ii)
6 +11 + 6(2)
+1
6 (This ‘6’ is
affixed to
Part (i)
exclusively)
Ovary / Carpel / Receptacle
Animal dispersal / Winged / Wind /Self dispersal
/ Water Dispersal / Human dispersal / or
Examples
(iii) To avoid competition / colonisation
(iv) Period of no growth
(v) e.g. Survival / Avoid harsh winter weather
(vi) Germination / allow Growth
(vii) e.g. (Growth) regulators
Any three
-7-
Any two parts of Question 15
15 (a)
6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O ĺ C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2
(i)
(v)
The sun
Electrons, Protons or H (ions) /, Oxygen, accept OHx Electrons – to chlorophyll / reference to energy /
ATP
x Protons / H (ions) - Pathway 2 / Dark Stage /
general proton pool
x Oxygen – Respiration / Excreted
x OH- - forms water, releases electrons, releases
oxygen
Chloroplasts
(i)
Using oxygen or energy release
(ii)
A – Stage 2
B – Stage 2
C – Stage 1
D – Stage 1
A – Glucose solution
B – 15oC to 40oC (allow room temperature)
C – Bubbling stops / Yeast settles / Solution clears
D – e.g. Iodoform test or chemicals or bleach /
Dichromate
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Perfect – 6
1 mistake – 3
2 mistakes- 0
6 +11 + 6(2) +1
6, 3, 0
(This ‘6,3,0’ is
affixed to Part
(i) exclusively)
One point
6 +11 +6(2) +1
6 (This ‘6’ is
affixed to Part
(i) exclusively)
(b)
(iii)
(c)
11 +3 +8(2)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
Proteins
Amino Acids
Substrate – substance changed (by enzyme)
Catabolic – (Breakdown of) large molecules into
smaller ones
Binding enzyme / in inert substance or Trapping
enzyme/ in beads (gel)
(Enzyme) mixed / with alginate / (mixture) dropped /
into CaCl 2 (solution)
e.g. Easy to separate / reuse / cheap / (allows)
continuous production / more stable
e.g. may damage skin
Two points
-8-
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