ASSOCIATION DES RAFFINEURS
AFRICAINS (A.R.A)
COLLOQUE DES
RESPONSABLES DE
LABORATOIRES
ACCRA – GHANA 2009
THEME
PROCESSUS DE
MODERNISATION DU
MOTEUR CFR
Sommaire
I - OCTATEST
I.1- Présentation
I.2- Sécurité manque d’eau de refroidissement et basse
pression d’huile
I.3- Détection digitale de l’avance à l’allumage
I.4- Acquisition par sonde PT 100
II- Echappement souple refroidi
III- Outillage spécifique
IV- APPAREIL BLENDER Model OC-50-G
V-ANNEXE
V.1-Présentation de l’OCTATEST
V.2- Cout du projet
OCTATEST
OD-871
• Composé d’un ordinateur et d’un automate, tous deux installés sur le
moteur CFR, mode automatisé, ce nouvel appareil permet la mesure
de l’indice d’octane en méthode “laboratoire” par le moteur CFR (ASTM
D 2699 et D 2700).
• L’avantage de cet appareil réside dans le fait que toutes les mesures
d’indice d’octane, dans les deux méthodes (RON et MON), y compris
les “standardisations”du moteur avec les carburants à base de toluene,
peuvent être lancées “automatiquement”et libèrent donc l’opérateur
pour une autre manipulation. Ceci est intéressant dans le cadre d’une
restriction de personnel, de plus en plus fréquente dans les
laboratoires.
• Cet appareil peut réaliser automatiquement, suivant l’option choisie,
toutes les phases de mesure d’indice d’octane d’un carburant (RON ou
MON), comme décrit dans la norme ASTM, pour la méthode dite “par
encadrement”(procédure A).
SECURITE MANQUE D’EAU DE
REFROIDISSEMENT ET BASSE PRESSION
D’HUILE
• Les anciens systèmes installés sur les moteurs CFR ne
permettent pas de savoir pourquoi le moteur se met en
sécurité en cas de manque d’eau ou de manque d’huile.
En plus, les paramètres internes de cet appareil ne sont
pas réglables.
• Or, avec l’Octatest, il est intéressant de pouvoir localiser
la panne quand le moteur se met en sécurite et s’arrête.
Ce système est paramétrable, avec visualisation par
voyant témoin de la panne en cours.
• Cet appareil interdit le redémarrage du moteur CFR tant
que la panne n’a pas été acquitée. Il s’adapte en lieu et
place de l’ancien système,dans le pupitre du moteur
CFR. Kit Réf. G-813-1
Détection Digitale de l’avance
à l’allumage
• Les anciens systèmes installés sur les moteurs
fonctionnent à l’aide d’une lampe au néon et de
supports en bakelite. Ce qui n’est toujours pas
aisé de voir l’indication d’avance à l’allumage.
• De plus, ce materiel peut ne pas être disponible
chez le fournisseur.
• Le nouveau système composé de deux kits: G802-39 et G-823-9, installés sur le pupitre, est
très facile à controler et à lire.
ACQUISITION PAR SONDE
PT 100
Le mercure étant maintenant interdit d’utilisation,
les thermomètres équipant le moteur CFR sont
maintenant remplacés par un système de sonde
PT 100, reliées à un indicateur digital donnant
directement la temperature en face de
l’opérateur, ce pour toutes les temperatures
nécessaires aux mesures d’indice d’octane (T°
air admission, T° mélange carbure, T° eau,
etc.).Kit Réf. G-802-45
ECHAPPEMENT SOUPLE REFROIDI
• C’est un système remplaçant le vieux pot de détente. Il ne
s’agit autre que d’un tuyau d’échappement direct, refroidi
par serpentin, avec une sortie souple, comportant une
injection d’eau. Ce système est sans entretien et ne risque
pas de boucher et de plus, atténue le bruit du moteur.
• Or, la norme internationale spécifie qu’au delà de 80
décibels (dB) il y a risque non négligeable et obligation de
se protéger les oreilles. Le moteur CFR, en ordre de mesure
à cliquetis constant, délivre 85 dB.
• Réf. 7850
OUTILLAGE SPECIFIQUE
• Le moteur CFR est équipé entièrement de vis et
écrous en pouces. Il est pour cela recommande
d’utiliser un outillage approprié, en pouces et non
en millimètres, ceci afin de ne pas déformer ou
mater les têtes des vis. De plus, l’utilisation d’une
clé dynamométrique est indispensable pour le
serrage contrôlé du capteur de cliquetis, de la
bougie ainsi que beaucoup d’autres éléments
constitutifs du moteur CFR. Réf. F-98-2
OUTILLAGE SPECIFIQUE
• Le moteur CFR est équipé entièrement de vis et
écrous en pouces. Il est pour cela recommande
d’utiliser un outillage approprié, en pouces et non
en millimètres, ceci afin de ne pas déformer ou
mater les têtes des vis. De plus, l’utilisation d’une
clé dynamométrique est indispensable pour le
serrage contrôlé du capteur de cliquetis, de la
bougie ainsi que beaucoup d’autres éléments
constitutifs du moteur CFR. Réf. F-98-2
APPAREL DE DISTRIBUTION DES
CARBURANTS DE REFERENCE:
BLENDER MODELE OC-50-G
►Le système manuel à burettes installé actuellement n’est pas
précis et ne permet pas de fabriquer des mélanges ASTM à
base de toluène.
►Le nouveau appareil qui est une fabrication de Rofa est
entièrement automatisé et piloté par un petit programme
informatique, de mise à niveau par laser, composé de trois
ou quatre burettes et pouvant fonctionner suivant le principe
des mélanges par volumétrie ou par poids. Kit OC-50-G
OCTATEST Automation
INTRODUCTION
LABORATORY
CFR AUTOMATION
Example of Installation
MOST IMPORTANT POINT
NO CFR MODIFICATION
• OCTATEST is designed to be installed on
every CFR engine model without any
modification
No more than 1 up to 4 hours of
installation according the model
OCTATEST Initial description
Acquisition models and Automation models use the same
software
With Acquisition models actions of Research of Level
for Maximum Knock Intensity, Cylinder Height Control
and Fuels supply are manual
With Automation models actions of Research of Level
for Maximum Knock Intensity, Cylinder Height Control
and Fuels supply are fully automated
Acquisition models and Automation models use both
of the 2 items presented in next slides
OCTATEST Electronic Typical installation
Installation can be
done on any of the
CFR sides.
Best solution is to
use a trolley as per
the picture
All the cables are
collected on the rear
side of OCTATEST
Electronic enclosure
Standard or Radio
control keyboard
and mouse can be
used
Printer is installed
on the bottom part
of the trolley
Knock Meter Data’s acquisition
Used in Acquisition and Automated models
In order to get the same
signal as defined in the
Standards
OCTATEST is connected
to the same connectors
as the ones used by the
Knock Meter
By a 2 poles cable
CYLINDER HEIGHT measurement
Used in Acquisition and Automated models
In order to over come the incertitude of
cylinder height measurement with Digital
Counter (play in the gears and
transmission), we use a linear high
precision sensor fixed at the same position
as the DIAL. By this way operator can
always refer to the DIAL display, and real
cylinder position is measured. This DIAL
display is also converted in Digital Counter
Display in the software application.
Both Digital Counter and DIAL values can
be displayed, or only one by setup
configuration.
OCTATEST
CFR ENGINE
• At any time operator can switch from
OCTATEST Automation to CFR normal
operation and vice versa.
• This operation takes 4 seconds and 2
NOW STARTS
simple movements
OCTATEST
AUTOMATION MODELS
PRESENTATION
No more than 2 seconds
To switch from OCTATEST to CFR
operation or vice versa
First action is to select Control Mode of
Compression Ratio electrical motor
Cylinder Height Switch
Control
MANU = From CFR switch
AUTO = From OCTATEST
Second Action
Note that OCTATEST is always
Second action is
connected on the input of the last
Waukesha
glass Fuel
fuel level
to select
Note Supply
That ONLY one
Venturi is
Mode
used by OCTATEST. It means
that OCTATEST measurements
have a lot better repeatability
than normal operation with 3
up to 4 different Venturi
Turn fuel selector to
one of the bowl used
by CFR normal
operation or to
OCTATEST reserved
glass level entry
FUEL SUPPLY COMPONENTS
The 4 Bowls have the same
internal volume capacity has
the Waukesha ones and are
equipped with filters and
covers. Their position is just
above the Waukesha bowls
because the fuel bowl are
fixed, and only the constant
level bowl is moving up and
down.
Fixed on CFR
Crankcase by 2 bolts
Each bottom output bowl is connected, via a solenoid valve, to the precision
constant level bowl unit. This one is connected to only one glass level CFR
input. This means that the great advantage is to use only one Venturi. This
means also that we reduce results discrepancy because we don’t use different
Venturi having different behaviour. I other words, we follow ASTM Standard
definitions, but we improved the efficiency of the tests
Fast connections
Quick installation
by fast high
quality connectors
Easy
Maintenance
& Service
CONSTANT LEVEL BOWL
System
The most important point in level
control for maximum Knock
Intensity is the precision and
stability of the system used.
Fixed quickly
on Waukesha
bowls arm
OCTATEST has been designed around a high
precision carburettor model. Only the function of the
constant level is used in this carburettor. Precision of
Level Control = 0.05 mm (0.002”).
CONSTANT LEVEL BOWL
More Details
This carburettor is also a rough model used
for racing, it means ideal for CFR
conditions.
Carburettor has been especially designed
to avoid gas bubbles formation along the
TYGON tubing.
Advantages are level stability, robustness
and no bubbles formation.
This Constant level Carburettor is driven up & down, by a little
electrical motor having a position definition of 0.05 mm. Speed of the
movement is selected during the start-up and entered in setup
OCTATEST CONSTANT LEVEL BOWL
APPLICATIONS
1/ Constant Level Bowl is used for determination
of Level for Maximum Knock Intensity (Maxi K.I.)
Constant Level Bowl is driven Down and Up for
this determination = Mimic of operator job
It means that ASTM Procedure is respected and Best
Maxi K.I. Determination applied
2/ Constant Level Bowl is used in Procedure B to
mimic the falling level technique “dynamic Technique”
Constant Level Bowl is driven down ALWAYS at the
same speed According ASTM Average specification
It means that OCTATEST system is not depending on bowl
diameter or CFR consumption, then repeatability is better
than with different individual falling level bowls
Cylinder height Control
• First Solution CFR engine is NOT
equipped with Electrical C.R. motor
• Then C.R. control will be done manually
with the hand wheel. Operator will follow
Instructions displayed by OCTATEST
Cylinder height Control
Second Solution CFR engine is equipped with
Electrical Compression Ratio Motor
OCTATEST
Switch installed
on Control Panel
According Operator selection
via OCTATEST Switch
Control can be done
Manually or Automatically
Or manually with
Waukesha Switch
Or In Automation from
OCTATEST Software
Manually
Automatically
Barometric Correction
• A certified Barometric high
precision sensor equipped
each OCTATEST unit. This
sensor displays the
barometric pressure and
automatically calculates the
Details
displayed
cylinder height correction
Barometer
Primary Reference Fuels
PRF 2
TSF
PRF 1
ISO-OCTANE or
80 OCTANE can
be selected
Example of display for Primary Reference Fuels Preparation
More on Primary Reference Fuels
• Entering a Fuel Octane Number in the application
to “Calculate PRF”, OCTATEST will select 2 PRF
for Bracketing and will display these ones with
Volume and % of the each component to be mixed.
• When Fuel is rated and estimated Octane Number
determinate on the basis of the initial cylinder
height position with Knock Meter at 50 K.I
(considering DM calibration being correct), then
software proposes Primary Reference Fuels. (PRF).
• Volume between 200 ml up to 1000 ml can be
selected with setup
Research of level for maximum Knock
intensity
Screen Details of Research of Level for Maximum Knock Intensity
DOWN
UP
Profile of research followed by the constant level bowl
Research of level for maximum Knock
intensity
(continue)
MAIN
SCREEN
Maxi level
determination
Research of Level for Maximum Knock Intensity “ASTM
Rating Sequences”
Display during
first rating on
Sample Fuel
Rating is now on
first trial on PRF 1
Display with
Maximum K.I found
on Sample fuel
during first rating.
Research data’s for Level for Maximum Knock
Intensity “Partial Print Out”
In this example Criteria is not correct and displayed in
RED. Octane number will be also displayed in RED
OPTION 1 / Automated Detonation Meter
For Research Laboratory or Online full remote control
DM Control by Operator
selection
DM control in manual
mode on Waukesha
position,
Or
DM control in
Automated mode via
OCTATEST on
OCTATEST position
This option is available only if customer buy
a spare DM.
Special wiring will be done on this spare DM
OPTION 2 / Moisture Intake Sensor
A Moisture Sensor equipped with temperature
probe can be installed in the Air Intake Line
A special software
tools is available to
calculate manually
water content
If Moisture Sensor
is installed Then
Air Intake
temperature and
Moisture will be
displayed. Water
content according
ASTM will be
calculated and
displayed in real
time
CALIBRATION
Step 1 - Knock Meter
All Steps of Calibration are controlled by application Software
Knock Intensity
Calibration display
Follow the instructions
Calibration is easy and user friendly
CALIBRATION
Step 2 - Cylinder Height Sensor
Cylinder Height
Calibration display
Follow the
instructions
Calibration use 2 Wedges
CALIBRATION
Step 3 – Falling Level Bowl Height
Glass Level
Follow Instructions
Maintenance & Service
Very Few Maintenance
ONLY ONE moving part
Constant Level Motor High Quality Product
Clear and efficient Installation manual & Service
manual In PDF files on OCTATEST unit
Maintenance & Service Training of Customer
Technicians during Installation & Start up
Online World Wide
Service & Maintenance
OCTATEST UNIQUE SPECIFICITY
OCTATEST SUPPLY
SOFTWARES AND APPLICATIONS
FOR MON & RON
WITH THE 3 PROCEDURES
AVAILABLE IN BOTH ASTM STANDARDS
DETONATION SETTINGS AND STANDARDIZATION
ASTM PROCEDURES ARE ALSO INCLUDED IN ALL
THE APPLICATIONS
ASTM Procedures available with
OCTATEST
Detonation Settings
procedure
Standard Knock Intensity
Procedure
CFR Standardization
Procedure
Bracketing (A)
Dynamic Level (B)
Compression Ratio (C)
Brain Storming on Different ASTM Standards
for Laboratory Octane Determination
KEYS WORDS
For ASTM D 2699 & D 2700
2 PRF’s
Technique
Single PRF
Technique
Test at constant
Compression Ratio
Test with Variable
Compression Ratio
=
BRACKETING MODE
=
COMPARISON MODE
Procedures A & B
Procedure C
Brain Storming on ASTM Standard
for On Line Octane Determination
KEYS WORDS
For ASTM D 2885
Single PRF
Technique
Test with Constant
Compression Ratio
=
COMPARISON MODE
OCTANE DETERMINATION
According ASTM D 2699 / D 2700 & D 2885
BRACKETING MODE
COMPARISON MODE
2 PRF’s Technique
Single PRF Technique
Test at constant
Compression Ratio
ASTM D 2699 & D 2700
ASTM D 2885
ASTM D 2699 & D 2700
Test with Variable
Compression Ratio
Test with Constant
Compression Ratio
Procedure A
Procedure B
Procedure C
Analytical Parameter
used for calculation :
K.I value
Analytical Parameter
used for calculation:
K.I value
K.I factor by Octane
Number based on
Dynamic calculation
with 2 PRF’s
K.I factor by Octane
Number based on
Dynamic calculation
with 2 PRF’s
Analytical Parameter
used for calculation:
Cylinder Height at 50
K.I. On fuels
Up & Down level
research for maxi K.I
determination
Only Down level
research for maxi K.I
determination
Procedure 2885
mixture of B & C
Analytical Parameter
used for calculation:
K.I value with 1 PRF
K.I factor by Octane
K.I factor by Octane
Number based on
Number based on
Dynamic calculation
Static Detonation
with 2 PRF’s
Meter Sensitivity
calculation with ONLY Down level research for
maxi K.I determination
1 PRF
Procedure A
Best Recommended Procedure
Why?
For all these factors Detonation Meter
Use of 2 PRF’s Technique
drift compensation
Use Procedure A
Complete cycle of level research
for maxi K.I. determination
Guaranty of true maxi
K.I. determination
In order to produce Reliable Results
MeasurementsCompare
at constant
what could be compared
Compression
Ratio
People
always speak about testing Better
time CFR stability
BUT
One error can cost 10’000 times more than 15 more minutes of testing
Also
CFR Technology needs stabilization time
So don’t look to “Testing Time” but to “Testing Quality”
You save money
Best
CFR Standardization
Your
management
will appreciate
END of initial presentation
What has been demonstrated?
• OCTATEST Hardware = NO CFR modification
• OCTATEST CFR compatibility
• OCTATEST Level determination for maximum
Knock Intensity
• OCTATEST Respect of ASTM Standards &
Procedures
• OCTATEST Maintenance & Service efficiency
OCTATEST main Features
OCTATEST CONFORMS TO RELEVANT
ASTM MANUAL PROCEDURES
OCTATEST FULLY CONFORMS
TO ASTM STANDARDS
COUT DU PROJET
• Tour de refrigeration…………….….10.400
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Système de sonde PT 100……………...…3.669
Valve de compressiomètre.………….…….410,200
Jeu de quatre(4) micromètres……….….…379,500
Kit ind. Avance à l’allumage(electr)……....2.586,150
Kit ind. Avance à l’allumage(villebr)……….371,300
Echappement souple (Kit)………………….1.670
Appareil pour mélange carburants.………..31.625
Octatest OD-871……………………..………37.944
Kit complet outillage spécifique CFR………2.600
Total………….91.655,15 €
Soit en FCFA 60.121.837
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION ** CORAF CFR
MANAGER