Ecological and genetic studies on phenology in temperate fruit tree species
to adapt the flowering phase facing temperature change
1
Legave J.M.1, E. Dirlewanger2, J. Quero Garcia2, J.M. Celton1, E. Costes1, N. Brisson3 & B. Seguin3
UMR DAP, INRA Montpellier, France; 2 UREF, INRA Bordeaux, France; 3 US Agroclim, INRA Avignon, France
http://www.clermont.inra.fr/urep
CONTEXT and OBJECTIVE
high vulnerability of fruit tree species (perennial system, many climate effects,…)
warming since the end of 1980s focused the research of impacts on floral phenology
collect and analysis of phenological dates to determine vulnerability at regional scale
improvement of genetic basis of floral phenology aiming at varietal adaptation
Temperature increase particularly marked
in winter and early spring (floral growth)
and less during autumn (dormancy)
1973 - 1987
Network developed for fruit tree phenology
from northern Europe to Mediterranean basin
1988 - 2002
°C
Meknès, Morocco
27
Conthey,
23
19
Bonn, Germany
Nîmes, France
Switzerland
Gem bloux
15
Angers
11
Bergerac
7
Bonn
20
Conthey
Trento
0
N îm es
35
Forli
25
20
3
15
Source: JM Legave
M eknès
-1
J F M A M J J A S O N D
J F M A M J J A S O N D
J F M A M J J A S O N D
J F M A M J J A S O N D
5
0
PHENOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF RECENT WARMING: regional differences
FLOWERING TIME
ADVANCES OF FLORAL STAGES
General trend, more clear and marked in
northern Europe than in Mediterranean:
example of time-course changes of F1 date
(early bloom) for Golden Delicious
SHORTENING OF THE
FLOWERING PHASE
Trends toward shorter duration
in northern and eastern Europe:
example of time-course changes of
duration between F1 and F2 dates
F1
F2
UNDERSTANDING OF FLOWERING ADVANCES BY MODELLING,
example of F1 date in apple: two opposite effects or warming
SLOWER CHILLING EFFECT
DURING DORMANCY
FASTER HEAT EFFECT
DURING FLORAL GROWTH
(autumn-early winter)
(winter-early spring)
Limited effect, but relatively marked
in Mediterranean Europe
Stronger effect in a general way
(leading to general flowering advances)
(leading to less marked advances)
Excessive
blooming duration
in the future ?
More
frost risk ?
Genetic
approach
INRA-UREF,
Bordeaux (F)
E Dirlewanger
J QueroQuero-Garcia
INRA-UMR DAP
Montpellier (F)
E. Costes
J.M. Celton
Ecological and modelling
approach
INRA-UMR DAP
Montpellier (F)
J. M. Legave
Montpellier
SupAgro (F)
M. Calleja
I. Farrera
INRA-US Agroclim
Avignon (F)
N. Brisson
B. Seguin
Thanks for your attention
Data network
INRA-Angers (F)
Y. Lespinasse
Ctifl Nîmes (F)
V. Mathieu
University of Bonn (G)
M. Blanke
CRA-W Gembloux (B)
R. oger
Agroscope Changins (S)
D. Christen
CRA Forli (I)
D. Giovaninni
INRA Meknès (M)
A. Oukabli