Unit 12 – Terms and Concepts
Chapters 24 & 25
Chapter 24-The Nation at War, 1900-1920
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Changing American foreign policy 1900-1920 = more
aggressive, nationalistic, and greater economic involvement
overseas.
Theodore Roosevelt = “Big Stick” Diplomacy
Secretary of War Elihu Root
Isthmian canal in Central America
Secretary of State John Hay
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty of 1901
Panamanian vs. Nicaraguan route
Hay-Herrán Convention of 1903 (pg. 705)
Panamanian Revolt from Colombia and Roosevelt’s support
new Republic of Panama
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty with Panama
Panama Canal
U.S.-Caribbean policy / establishing U.S. protectorates
Latin American Debts
Monroe Doctrine
Roosevelt Corollary = “Bad Neighbor Policy” and Latin American
resentment toward the United States.
U.S. intervention in the Dominican Republic
Open Door Policy toward China (pg. 706)
Russo-Japanese War (1904)
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Roosevelt’s peace conference in Portsmouth, New
Hampshire (1905)
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Japanese dominance in the Far East
“Gentlmen’s Agreement” (pg. 707)
Root-Takahira Agreement
William Howard Taft = “Dollar” Diplomacy
Woodrow Wilson = “Moral” Diplomacy
Instability in Mexico
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Porfirio Díaz
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General Victoriano Huerta
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Tampico and Veracruz
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Venustiano Carranza
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“Pancho” Villa
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General John J. Pershing
Beginning of World War I (WWI)
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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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European Alliances
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Central Powers (Germany, Turkey, Austria-Hungary)
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Allied Powers (England, France, Russia)
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Wilson and U.S. Neutrality
Progressive resistance to U.S. entry into WWI
British and German violations of “freedom of the seas”
U.S. wartime economic boom (pg. 712)
German U-Boats
British steamship Lusitania
Arabic pledge
Sussex pledge
Election of 1916
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Wilson (Democrat) – reelected
o “He kept us out of war.”
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Charles Evans Hughes (Republican)
Irish/BHS
Spring, 2013
34. Zimmerman Telegram
35. German unrestricted submarine warfare
36. U.S. entry into WWI
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“The war to end all wars”
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A crusade to “make the world safe for democracy”
37. Russian Revolution, Russian withdrawal from WWI, and U.S.
reaction
38. John J. Pershing and the American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
39. Selective Service Act (pg. 716)
40. German surrender – November 11, 1918
41. U.S. contributions to the Allied effort
42. George Creel and the Committee on Public Information (CPI)
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use of propaganda to “sell” the war
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anti-German sentiment
43. Espionage Act of 1917
44. Sedition Act of 1918
45. Schenck v. United States (1919) – “clear and present danger”
46. “Red Scare”
47. Bernard Baruch and the War Industries Board (WIB)
48. Herbert Hoover and the Food Administration
49. War Labor Board
50. The Great Migration – African American migration out of the
South and into northern cities.
51. Wilson’s Fourteen Points (Wilsonian Idealism)
52. Henry Cabot Lodge
53. Peace Conference in Paris and the Treaty of Versailles
54. “Big Four”
55. League of Nations (pg. 728)
56. Article X of the League and its controversy
57. William E. Borah and the “irreconcilables”
58. Henry Cabot Lodge and the “reservationists” (Fourteen
Reservations)
59. Wilson’s refusal to compromise on the Treaty of Versailles and
the treaty’s defeat
60. Election of 1920
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Wilson’s appeal for a “solemn referendum”
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Warren G. Harding (Republican) – elected
o “normalcy” and an end to Progressivism
61. Disillusionment following WWI
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“The Lost Generation” included:
o Ernest Hemingway
o John Dos Passos
o Gertrude Stein
o F. Scott Fitzgerald
o John Steinbeck