APUSH: FOREIGN POLICY SINCE 1945
COLD WAR PARADIGM
US #1 Economy
US #1 Military
Heroic Effort in WW 2
US Sole Nuclear Power
A divided Europe
USSR: A hostile enemy
rd
3 World nations are
emerging from colonial past
An anxious world
A world of possibilities!
In 1949, Mao Tse-Tung came to power in China
defeating the US-supported Chiang Kai-shek.
Mao was a Communist and therefore was viewed
as part of the bigger picture of COLD WAR.
Chiang was driven from mainland China to the
island of Formosa which we recognized as
“China” until we normalized relations with
mainland China during the 1970s.
COLD WAR CONSENSUS HOLDS UNTIL . . . .
In 1945 we had just defeated Germany, Italy, and Japan
in WW2 and faced a new rival in our erstwhile ally, the
Soviet Union. The COLD WAR dominated US foreign
policy for 50 years and also had a huge impact on our
domestic policy. The struggle pitted two dramatically
different economic and political systems against each
other!
TWO DEFINING EVENTS: 1979
THE BIG CHANGE!!!!!!!!!!!!
The IRANIAN REVOLUTION led to an
overthrow of the US-supported Shah of Iran
and the rise of Islamic Fundamentalism.
The ending phase of the
Vietnam War left the nation
very divided on what the
proper role of our nation
should be in the world. This is
sometimes called a period of
NEO-ISOLATIONISM – a retreat
from the world.
The SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN
was viewed through the lens of the Cold
War and led to our involvement in that
region.
GULF WAR
1945
1955
1965
1975
VIETNAM WAR
The KOREAN WAR lasted from
1950-53 and involved the US
supporting South Korea against
North Korea. North Korean was
receiving support from both China
and the Soviet Union.
The CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS of 1962 was a nuclear
show-down between the US and Soviet Union. The US
was responding to the placing of nuclear warheads on
Cuba aimed at the eastern seaboard of the US.
1985
1995
COLD WAR II
TERRORISM
The Gulf War of 1991 had strong public
support and fairly strong support in the
international community. George H.W.
Bush had a long record of service in the area
of foreign policy and was skilled at building
a coalition to opposed Hussein after the
invasion of Kuwait.
One of the important features of the modern period has been the process of DECOLONIZATION in third world
areas that once were controlled by western powers. This often has involved the process of INDIGENOUS
PEOPLE attempting to liberate themselves from outside control.
THE POST-COLD WAR WORLD
FALL OF THE
SOVIET
UNION/
FORMATION
OF RUSSIAN
FEDERATION
1991 1992 1993
ISLAMIC TERRORISTS ATTACK SITES IN THE UNITED STATES, INCLUDING WORLD TRADE CENTER
IN NEW YORK AND PENTAGON IN WASHINGTON, D.C. WORST ATTACK ON US SOIL IN NATION’S
HISTORY. SAUDI-BORN TERRORIST OSAMA BIN LADEN IS VIEWED AS THE MASTER-MIND OF THE
ATTACKS WHICH INVOLVED 19 HI-JACKERS FLYING SUICIDE MISSIONS INTO VARIOUS SITES. BIN
LADEN WAS KILLED IN MAY OF 2011 BY US SPECIAL FORCES WHILE HIDING IN PAKISTAN.
FAILED US MISSION TO
SOMALIA
US-NATO FORCES LAUNCH INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN IN
FEBRUARY OF 2002. SEEKING PERPETRATORS OF 9-11 ATTACKS
(THE AL QAEDA NETWORK). THIS WAS GENERALLY VIEWED AS A
“WAR OF NECESSITY” BUT THE “WAY OUT” HAS CREATED MUCH
DEBATE AMONG THE AMERICAN PEOPLE. WE TECHNICALLY
“WITHDREW” FROM AFGHANISTAN IN 2015, BUT HAVE
MAINTAINED A MILITARY PRESENCE THERE AND WILL DO SO
INTO THE FORESEEABLE FUTURE.
US-NATO MILITARY
STRIKES IN BOSNIA –
OUSTING SERBIAN
LEADER
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
The “Arab Spring”
brings much
upheaval to the
Middle East. The rise
of ISIS is a big story.
GULF WAR 1
US DEFENDS KUWAIT
AGAINST IRAQI
INVASION
HUSSEIN REMAINS IN
POWER, BUT FACES
CONTINUED UN-US
SANCTIONS
WHAT CHALLENGES WILL THE US
FACE IN THE NEXT DECADE?
Trump defeats Clinton in
the Election of 2016,
signaling a new direction
in foreign policy.
2008 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 2016 2017 ????????????
SANCTIONS ON IRAQ/ CONTINUAL CONFLICT WITH HUSSEIN
HOW WILL THE EVENTS
COMPRISING THE GLOBAL WAR
ON TERROR (G.W.O.T.) BE
VIEWED 50 YEARS FROM NOW?
THE US AND
OTHER NATIONS
SIGN A “NUCLEAR
FRAMEWORK
DEAL WITH IRAN.
US INVADED IRAQ IN MARCH OF 2003 TO OUST SADAAM
HUSSEIN ON THE PREMISE THAT HE WAS DEVELOPING
WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION (LATER PROVEN TO BE
UNFOUNDED). FIRST WAVE OF MILITARY OPERATIONS
ENDS IN MAY OF 2003, FOLLOWED BY A LONG
OCCUPATION LASTING UNTIL DECEMBER OF 2011. THE
WAR GENERATED GREAT POLITICAL DEBATE WITHIN THE
US AND AROUND THE WORLD. PRESIDENT BUSH AND
SUPPORTERS SAW THIS AS A WAR OF NECESSITY, BUT
OPPONENTS VIEWED IT AS A “WAR OF CHOICE.” A VOCAL
CRITIC OF THE WAR, SENATOR BARACK OBAMA OF
ILLINOIS, IS ELECTED PRESIDENT IN 2008 WITH A PLEDGE
TO DISENGAGE THE NATION FROM IRAQ. THE US DID
WITHDRAW IN 2011, BUT SINCE HAS RETURNED DUE TO
THE INSTABILITY OF IRAQ AND THE RISE OF ISIS.
The US and Russia
both become
involved in the
Syrian Civil War, in
part, to fight ISIS.
The US, however,
seeks to defeat
Assad, while Russia
and Iran offer him
support.
The War prompts a
major REFUGEE crisis
that impacts both
the US and Europe.