Some Types of Chemical Reactions:
Chapter 4
Chem 101
Fall 2004
Chapter Outline
• The Periodic Table: Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
• Aqueous Solutions: An Introduction
• Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
• Oxidation Numbers
Naming Some Inorganic Compounds
• Naming Binary Compounds
• Naming Ternary Acids and Their Salts
Classifying Chemical Reactions
• Oxidation-Reduction Reactions: An Introduction
• Combination Reactions
• Decomposition Reactions
• Displacement Reactions
• Metathesis Reactions
Chem 101
Fall 2004
Naming Inorganic Compounds
• Binary compounds are made of two elements
• metal + nonmetal = ionic compound
• nonmetal + nonmetal = covalent compound
• Name the more metallic element first
• Use the element’s name
• Name the less metallic element second.
• Add the suffix “ide” to the element’s stem.
Chem 101
Fall 2004
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Naming Inorganic Compounds
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Nonmetal Stems
Element
Boron
Carbon
Silicon
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Arsenic
Antimony
Stem
bor
carb
silic
nitr
phosph
arsen
antimon
Chem 101
Fall 2004
Naming Inorganic Compounds
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Oxygen
Sulfur
Selenium
Tellurium
Phosphorus
Hydrogen
ox
sulf
selen
tellur
phosph
hydr
Chem 101
Fall 2004
Naming Inorganic Compounds
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Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
fluor
chlor
brom
iod
Chem 101
Fall 2004
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Naming Inorganic Compounds
• Binary Ionic Compounds are made of a metal
cation and a nonmetal anion.
• Cation named first
• Anion named second
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LiBr
MgCl2
Li2S
Al2O3
Na3P
lithium bromide
magnesium chloride
lithium sulfide
aluminum oxide
sodium phosphide
Chem 101
Fall 2004
Naming Inorganic Compounds
• Binary ionic compounds containing metals that
exhibit more than one oxidation state
• Metals exhibiting multiple oxidation states are:
• most of the transition metals
• metals in groups IIIA (except Al), IVA, & VA
Chem 101
Fall 2004
Naming Inorganic Compounds
• There are two methods to name these compounds.
• Older method
• add suffix “ic” to element’s Latin name for higher
oxidation state
• add suffix “ous” to element’s Latin name for lower
oxidation state
• Modern method
• use Roman numerals in parentheses to indicate metal’s
oxidation state
Chem 101
Fall 2004
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Naming Inorganic Compounds
• Compound
Old System
Modern System
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ferrous bromide
ferric bromide
stannous oxide
stannic oxide
titanous chloride
titanic chloride
iron(II) bromide
iron(III) bromide
tin(II) oxide
tin(IV) oxide
titanium(II) chloride
titanium(III) chloride
FeBr2
FeBr3
SnO
SnO2
TiCl2
TiCl3
Chem 101
Fall 2004
Naming Inorganic Compounds
• Pseudobinary ionic compounds
• There are three polyatomic ions that commonly form
binary ionic compounds.
• OH- hydroxide
• CN- cyanide
• NH4+ ammonium
• Use binary ionic compound naming system.
Chem 101
Fall 2004
Naming Inorganic Compounds
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KOH
Ba(OH)2
Al(OH)3
Fe(OH)2
Fe(OH)3
Ba(CN)2
potassium hydroxide
barium hydroxide
aluminum hydroxide
iron (II) hydroxide
iron (III) hydroxide
barium cyanide
Chem 101
Fall 2004
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Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions:
• Oxidation is an increase in the oxidation number.
• Corresponds to the loss of electrons
• Reduction is a decrease in the oxidation number.
• Good mnemonic – reduction reduces the oxidation
number.
• Corresponds to the gain of electrons
Chem 101
Fall 2004
Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions:
• Oxidizing agents are chemical species that:
• oxidize some other substance
• contain atoms that are reduced
• gain electrons
• Reducing agents are chemical species that:
• reduce some other substance
• contain atoms that are oxidized
• lose electrons
Chem 101
Fall 2004
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