International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health 2015; 2(2): 356-358
P-ISSN: 2394-1685
E-ISSN: 2394-1693
Impact Factor (ISRA): 4.69
IJPESH 2015; 2(2): 356-358
© 2015 IJPESH
www.kheljournal.com
Received: 14-10-2015
Accepted: 16-11-2015
Raghvendra Shukla
Research Scholar
(University of Delhi).
A Study on the Applications of Open Source Software
for Temporal Analysis of Rotational Technique of
Shotput
Raghvendra Shukla
Abstract
A study on the applications of open source software for temporal analysis of rotational technique of
shotput. For the study, ten national level (male/female) shotputters were randomly selected as subject for
the purpose of present study. Each shotputters have three trails, and was been recorded with a video
camera using 2d methods. Casio Exilim Ex F1H a standard camera which frequency was 300
frame/second and which was placed at 4.50 meter distance perpendicular to the subject in horizontal
plane at height of 1.50 meter. Each trail of each subject was analysed thrice independently using open
source software, adopting 2d analysis. The variables were selected were total time taken in rotational
technique of shotput, total time taken in preparatory phase of technique, total time taken in execution
phase of technique (First turn), total time taken in execution phase of technique (Second Turn), total time
taken in final phase ( Follow Through). The result presented in table indicate that the calculated mean of
total time taken in rotational technique of shotput ranged from 3.52 to 3.89, total time taken in
preparatory phase of technique ranged from 1.53 to 1.77, total time taken in execution phase of technique
(First turn) ranged from 0.69 to 0.79, total time taken in execution phase of technique (Second Turn)
ranged from 0.41 to 0.54, total time taken in final phase ( Follow Through) ranged from 0.62 to 1.24 and
the coefficient of varicance among the trail of an individual confirmed the movement elasticity that is
consistency (validity) among the trail of an individual performance. The findings reflect that all the
athlete selected for the study having consistency. The overall coefficient of varriance among selected
athletes was 1%, 8%, 1%, 67% respectively. Mean, S.D, coefficient of variance have been calculated to
determine the repeatability of individual video analysis i.e. reliability of adopted software. Further the
mean, S.D and coefficient of variance of the trails determined the consistency (validity) among the trial
i.e. movement elasticity (validity) of each selected samples. Finally the mean, S.D and coefficient of
variance determined of differences (validity) among the athletes in regard to selected temporal variable of
rotational technique of the shot.
Keywords: Throwing angle, kinematic
Correspondence
Raghvendra Shukla
Research Scholar
(University of Delhi).
1. Introduction
Shotput is the throwing event of athletics. In this sports, players have to throw a spherical iron
ball weight of 7.26±0.005 kg. The player who achieve the highest distance declared as a
winner. Shot putters have a choice between two techniques, the glide and the rotational (or
spin) style. Young competitors, other than beginning shot putters, will naturally gravitate to
the more direct glide technique. Most world class male throwers, including 2009 World
champion Christian Cantwell, employ the rotational shot put technique. But other competitors,
including 2008 Olympic champs Tomasz Majewski and Valerie Vili, do quite well with the
glide. The spin technique is similar in principle to the basic discus throwing technique, but
there are key differences. For example, the shot put throwing circle is smaller, requiring a
tighter turn. But the major difference involves the implement itself. While the discus is held at
the end of an extended throwing arm, the shot remains close to the thrower’s neck – near the
center of the rotation – making balance more difficult. While the rotational style may be
tougher to master, quality shot putters should at least learn the technique to discover whether
the acceleration generated by the spin leads to greater throwing distances. The speed of the
turn to put the shot is directly related to the distance of the shot.
~ 356 ~ International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health
Open-source software (OSS) is computer software with
its source code made available and licensed with an opensource license in which the copyright holder provides the
rights to study change and distribute the software for free to
anyone and for any purpose.
Open-source software is very often developed in a
public, collaborative manner. Open-source software is the
most prominent example of open-source development and
often compared to (technically defined) user-generated
content or (legally defined) open-content movements.
1.1 Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the study summarize what is to be achieved
by the study. These objectives should be closely related to the
research problem. The following were the proposed objectives
of the study: To study about the temporal analysis of rotational
technique of shotput.
 To measure the total time taken in rotational technique of
shotput.
 To measure the total time taken in preparatory phase of
technique.
 To measure the total time taken in execution phase of
technique (First turn).



To measure the total time taken in execution phase of
technique (Second Turn).
To measure the total time taken in final phase (Follow
Through).
To study about the relationship between all phases of
rotational technique of shotput.
2. Methodology
2.1 Selection of the Subjects
Ten (10) national level (male/female) shot putters were
randomly selected as subjects for the purpose of the present
study. Most of them were regular participants and medal
winners in National level Athletics Tournaments. Each shot
putter have three trials, and was been recorded with a video
camera using two dimensional methods. Each trail of each
subject was analyzed thrice independently using open source
software, adopting 2D analysis.
2.2 Selection of the Variables
Literature pertaining to the sport/events of Shot put and
keeping the feasibility criteria in mind, especially, the
availability of equipment etc. Keeping in view the objectives
of study the following biomechanical variable were chosen
for the present investigation:-
Table 1: Abbreviations of Selected Variables
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Abbreviation
TTRTS
TTPPT
TTEP1
TTEP2
TTFP
Variables
Total Time taken in the Rotational Technique in the Shot put
Total Time taken in the Preparatory Phase of Technique
Total Time taken in the Execution Phase(First Turn)
Total time taken in the Execution Phase(Second Turn)
Total time taken in the Final Phase(Follow Through)
2.3 Analysis and Collection of the Data
Using a digital video recording system, video data will be
collected and thereafter the video data will be analyzed as per
the delimitations of the study for selected variables using
open source software for 2D analysis.
Fig 1: Rotational Technique of the Shotput
2.4 Statistical Analysis
 Keeping in view the objectives of the study, feasibility
drawn hypothesis, nature of the selected variables
following statistical analysis will be computed:
~ 357 ~ 



Mean
Standard Deviation
Range
Coefficient of Variance
International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health
3. Results of the Study
Tabe 2:
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Variables
Total Time taken in the Rotational Technique in the Shot put
Total Time taken in the Preparatory Phase of Technique
Total Time taken in the Execution Phase(First Turn)
Total time taken in the Execution Phase(Second Turn)
Total time taken in the Final Phase(Follow Through)
Table no. 2 depicting that the mean of athletes in Total Time
taken in the Rotational Technique in the Shot put, Total Time
taken in the Preparatory Phase of Technique, Total Time
taken in the Execution Phase(First Turn), Total time taken in
the Final Phase(Follow Through) are 3.3, 1.63, 0.74, 0.48 and
0.85 respectively. The Standard Deviation of athletes in Total
Time taken in the Rotational Technique in the Shot put, Total
Time taken in the Preparatory Phase of Technique, Total
Time taken in the Execution Phase(First Turn), Total time
taken in the Final Phase(Follow Through) are 0.03, 0.00, 0.00,
0.00 and 0.00 respectively. The Coefficient of Variance of
athletes in Total Time taken in the Rotational Technique in
the Shot put, Total Time taken in the Preparatory Phase of
Technique, Total Time taken in the Execution Phase(First
Turn), Total time taken in the Final Phase(Follow Through)
are 0.01, 0.08, 0.1, 0.93 and 0.67 respectively.
6.
7.
8.
9.
4. Discussion on Findings
The present study was undertaken to study the temporal
variables of rotational technique of shotput. The study was
conducted on 30 subjects. The data was analyzed by using 2d
analysis through kinovea video analysis software. On the
basis of findings following conclusion were drawn:
The result revealed the time taken in rotational technique of
shotput and time by part as preparatory phase, execution
phase (part-1), execution phase (part-2) and follow through.
The result shows that the longest time consumes by
preparatory phase, follow through, execution phase-1 and
execution phase (part-2) respectively.
5. Conclusions
In the light of the findings, it was concluded that the
execution phase (part-2) is the least time consuming after that
execution phase-1, follow through and preparatory phase
respectively. Due to the more speed of athlete in execution
phase (part-2) the athlete get the better momentum which
results in the more distance achieve by the athlete.
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~ 358 ~ Mean
3.3
1.63
0.74
0.48
0.85
Standard Deviation
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Coefficient of Variance
0.01
0.08
0.1
0.93
0.67
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