This chapter explores art in Sixteenth century Northern Europe and the Iberian
Peninsula, which includes architecture, painting, printmaking, sculpture and fresco.
This time period is primarily focused on the geographic areas of modern-day France,
England, Spain, Portugal, The Netherlands/Holland (they’re called “Dutch”) and
Belgium.
NOTE: Be prepared for some
REVIEW QUESTIONS on the Chapter Test.
TOPIC:
ART OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST
We will be studying Seventeenth-Century Art in Europe as our next topic. Feel free to
scan the pages in that section and take some notes in order to get a head start.
TERMS:
Iconoclasm (679), chateau (691), alchemy (697)
Nymph (686):
a lesser deity of Greek mythology conceived of as beautiful maidens
inhabiting the sea, rivers, woods, trees, mountains, meadows, etc.
Courtier (696):
person who is often in attendance at a royal court (clergy, soldiers, etc.)
Burgher (696):
a prominent middle-class citizen of a village or town
Bourgeoisie (696):
a member of the middle class or a group dominated by the middle class
Mahlstick (fig 21-21):
a rigid support for an artist’s hand while painting fine details
CONCEPTS TO KNOW:
Understand the reasons why Protestant Reformers were dissatisfied with Roman Catholicism (678)
Know about the Reformation’s impact on artists and on works of art (679)
Know the differing artistic tendencies of Albrecht Durer and Matthias Grunewald (681, etc.)
Know the symbolism used in Albrecht Durer’s Adam and Eve (684-685)
Know about Francis I and his influence on art and culture in France (689)
Know about Henry VIII and his influence on art and culture in England (705)
LECTURE SLIDES:
TITLE
ARTIST
Western Europe During the Reformation, circa 1560
Line Art
Self-Portrait*
Albrecht Durer
Home and Workshop of Albrecht Durer
Nuremberg, Germany
Altarpiece of the Holy Blood (open)
Tilman Riemenschneider
YEAR
1500
1499-1500
St. Anthony Enthroned Between SS. Augustine and Jerome,
Shrine of Isenheim Altarpiece (open)
Nikolaus Hagenauer
1500
Martin Schongauer
1480-1490
Isenheim Altarpiece (closed)*
Matthias Grunewald
1510-1515
Isenheim Altarpiece (first opening)*
Matthias Grunewald
1510-1515
Apple Cup
workshop of Hans Krug(?)
1510-1515
COMPARE TO:
Demons Tormenting St. Anthony
The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse*
Albrecht Durer
1497-1498
From: The Apocalypse
Albrecht Durer
1497-1498
Adam and Eve
Albrecht Durer
1504
Four Apostles**
Albrecht Durer
1526
Knight, Death and the Devil
Albrecht Durer
1513
Praying Hands
Albrecht Durer
1508
Demonstration of Perspective
Albrecht Durer
1525
Nymph of the Spring*
Lucas Cranach the Elder
1537
COMPARE TO: “Venus” of Urbino
Titian
1538
+ additional Nymph of Spring paintings by Lucas Cranach the Elder
Death and the Matron
Hans Baldung Grien
1520-1525
COMPARE: Durer’s Adam and Eve with Baldung’s Death of a Matron
Danube Landscape*
Albrecht Altdorfer
1525
The Battle of Alexander at Issus
Albrecht Altdorfer
1526
Francis I**
Jean Clouet
1530
Touraine, France
1513-1521
+ additional royal portrait by Jean Clouet
Château of Chenonceau
Chamber of Duchess of Étampes, Château Fontainebleau Primaticcio
1540s
Château of Fontainebleau
France
1540s
West Wing of Palais de Louvre, Paris
Pierre Lescot, Jean Goujon
1546
Palais de Louvre
Paris
1546
West Window, Church in the Convent of Christ
Diogo de Arruda
1510
The Escorial, Madrid
Juan Bautista de Toledo and Juan de Herrera
1563-1584
REMEMBER: Oratory of Galla Placidia, Ravenna (interior) Early Christian
425-426
Burial of Count Orgaz*
El Greco
1586
Dutch Visitors to Rome Looking at the Farnese Hercules
Hendrick Goltzius
1591-1592
Garden of Earthly Delights (open)*
Hieronymus Bosch
1505-1515
Garden of Earthly Delights (closed)*
Hieronymus Bosch
1505-1515
Jan Gossaert
1520
+ additional El Greco paintings
Crucifixion, Hieronymus Bosch
Saint Luke Drawing the Virgin Mary
Money Changer and his Wife
Quentin Massys
1514
Self-Portrait
Caterina van Hemessen
1548
Return of the Hunters*
Pieter Bruegel the Elder
1565
The Harvesters
Pieter Bruegel the Elder
1565
Peasant Dance
Pieter Bruegel the Elder
1568
Netherlandish Proverbs
Pieter Bruegel the Elder
1559
The Fall of Icarus
Pieter Bruegel the Elder
1555-1556
French Ambassadors
Hans Holbein the Younger
1533
Henry VIII* (NOT IN TEXTBOOK, LOOK AT POWERPOINT)
Hans Holbein the Younger
1540s
Armor of George Clifford, Third Earl of Cumberland
Jacob Halder
1580-1585
Queen Elizabeth I (The Ditchley Portrait)
Marcus Gheeraerts
1592
George Clifford, Third Earl of Cumberland
Nicholas Hilliard
1595
Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire, England
Robert Smythson
1591-1597
High Great Chamber, Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire, England
Robert Smythson
1591-1597
*Possibly a slide identification question. Know the title and artist.
**Know the title, artist and YEAR.