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The
Effect
of Cold
on Platelets.
Short-term
By Herman
Storage
E. Kattlove,
II. Platelet
at Cold
Benjamin
N
A
PREVIOUS
platelet
that
STUDY,
aggregation.’
occurs
in
decreases
platelet
their
under
such
However,
platelets
for
is not
transfusion.
been
stored
at cold
the
preservation
or as
tions,
it is not
Accordingly,
of
and
whether
might
effect
platelet
The
New
Supported
by
He-11447,
Herman
E.
School
gator,
New
688
NHLI
Blood
1972;
of
York
Physician,
Center,
clumping
of platelet
have
of
have
indicated
that
plasma
in many
instituand
this
is the
Blood
Banks
best
to
of in vitro
(Manual
of
preserves
plate-
determine
which
platelet
causes
a change
vivo.
Our
results
function,
in platelets
indicate
that
in response
to ADP,
that
(1)
connective
N.Y.
1972;
accepted
June
DADA-17-69-C-9022,
Associate
Hospital,
Chief,
16,
NHLI
Division
Torrance,
Los
Angeles,
Center,
New
Cornell
Since
as platelet-rich
undertaken
York,
15,
clumping
1972.
Grants
He-09011
and
70-2215.
M.D.:
Medicine,
of
preservation
New
studies
of storage
in
the
preparation
vivo
survival.
Thus,
at room
temperature,
aggregation
June
Command
General
Blood
by
revised
Contract
Kattlove,
Harbor
UCLA
3,
USAMR-D
and
Oncology,
for
temperature
circulate
cold.2
the
either
was
cold
to
induces
for
the
recent
temperature
study
is better
as measured
York
April
what
temperature
detrimental.
temperatures,
their
in
stored
this
storage
function,
From
clear
storage
at
their
ability
Submitted
Attending
However,
are
White
is best
for the preservation
prepared
for transfusion
of the American
Association
Preparation,
1969.).
function.
temperature
in
that
at cold
concentrates,4”
shortens
platelet
concentrates
cold
prepared
is probably
temperatures.
Frances
responsible
we concluded
conditions
of platelets
In addition,
let
that
is
clear
what
temperature
Traditionally,
platelets
it
recommendation
Blood
Component
indicated
phenomenon
recovery,3
and
to prolonged
storage
at warm temperatures.
Neither
ADP-induced
refractoriness, serotonin
uptake,
or CT-induced
serotonin
release
was affected
by cold.
Retention
in glass
bead columns
was
greater
in platelets
that
had
been
chilled than in platelets kept at room
temperature
or 37#{176}C.
Thus, the storage
of platelets
at cold temperatures
leads
to changes
that improve
platelet aggregation but may also increase
platelet adhesion,
which
would
account
for
the decreased
in vivo survival
of platelets preserved
for transfusion
at cold
temperatures.
concentrates
in vivo
concentrates
we
This
After
Temperatures
Alexander,
Citrated
platelet-rich
plasma
(PAP)
was kept at cold temperatures
or room
temperature.
After
4 hr or more
at
these
temperatures,
the PRPs
were
warmed
1 hr at 37#{176}C.This
prevents
the spontaneous
aggregation
seen in
chilled
PRP that is stirred
immediately
after warming.
Platelet
aggregation
in
response
to connective
tissue
(CT),
epinephrine,
and
adenosine
diphosphate
(ADP) was considerably
greater
in the PRPs originally
kept at cold temperatures.
In addition,
chilling
would
restore
the aggregation
of platelets
whose
function had deteriorated
due
I
Function
Medical
Calif.
York,
College
Calif.;
Benjamin
N.
and
Y.;
of
Hematology
Assistant
Alexander,
Clinical
New
Blood,
York
and
Professor
of
M.D.:
Medical
Medicine,
Senior
Professor
of
Hospital,
New
Investi-
Medicine
York,
Vol. 40, No. 5 (November),
and
N.
Y.
1972
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EFFECT
OF COLD
tissue,
and
Induces
ON PLATELETS
epinephrine,
a change
bead
689
is better
in
platelets
preserved
that
at cold
leads
to
their
temperatures;
and
increased
(2)
retention
in
cold
glass
columns.
MATERIALS
AND
METHODS
Platelet-rich
plasma
(PRP)
was
prepared
from
small
aliquots
of blood
obtained
in
separate
plastic
tubes
from
random
blood
donors
at the end of a routine
blood
donation
at the New York Blood
Center.
The blood
was anticoagulated
with one-tenth
volume
of
3.8%
sodium
citrate
and
was
centrifuged
for
15 mm
at 150 g in an International
PR-2
centrifuge
at room
temperature.
The
PRPs
from
several
donors,
irrespective
of blood
type, were
harvested
and pooled.
Platelet
aggregating
agents
were as follows:
(1)
Connective
tissue
of the method
saline
(lBS.
(2)
pH
7.3)
Adenosine
to
was
and
the
-60#{176}C. This
In
lBS
was
prepared
Borelli.7
lowest
(ADP,
thawed
from
The
final
that
Sigma)
before
use
human
product
concentration
diphosphate
at
(pH
(CT)
of Zucker
would
was
and
omental
was
cause
dissolved
was
diluted
fat
diluted
by
brisk
in
modification6
platelet
lBS
to the
a
in imidazole-buffered
(pH
aggregation.
6.8)
appropriate
and
stored
concentration
7.3).
(3) Epinephrine
(Sigma)
was dissolved
in lBS (pH 7.3) with
10 mM
ascorbic
acid
to
retard
oxidation
and was stored
at -60#{176}C. This
was
thawed
before
used
and diluted
to the appropriate
concentration
in lBS (pH 7.3).
Oxidation,
caused
by
the
exposure
of the epinephrine
to light,
was reduced
by wrapping
the container
in aluminum
foil
after
thawing.
All equipment
used to handle
PRP was plastic,
except
for aggregometer
cuvettes
that
were untreated
glass.
Platelet
Aggregation
Platelet
Broomall,
PRP
were
stir
bar,
aggregation
was measured
turbidimetrically
in an aggregometer
Pa.)
attached
to a Hitachi-Perkin-Elmer
recorder.
One
milliliter
placed
in untreated
glass
cuvettes,
along
with
a Teflon-coated,
and
at 37#{176}C
and
studies,
the
Reversal
the
PRP
Preservation
in
the
Aggregating
was
aggregometer
agents
confirmed
Cold-induced
aggregation
in
of
aggregation
placed
in
were
which
added
in
by observation
the
0.1
with
ml
PRP
was
kept
volumes.
phase
of
In
all
microscopy.
Aggregation
cold-induced
aggregation
was studied
after
keeping
PRP in melting
ice
hr. A 1.0 ml aliquot
was then placed
in the aggregometer
without
warming,
aggregation
was promptly
measured.
The effect of warming
on reversing
spontaneous
chilled
were
at 1000 rpm.
of aggregation
of Spontaneous
Spontaneous
(0-1#{176}C)for 2-4
and spontaneous
the
cuvettes
stirred
presence
(Chrono-Log,
samples
magnetized
of
a 37#{176}Cwater
this
warming
of Platelet
chilled
bath,
PRP
PRP
was
without
after
tested
agitation,
various
by
and
incubating
aliquots
measuring
the
of
the
spontaneous
intervals.
Aggregation
The ability
of cold to preserve
platelet
aggregation
was examined.
Aliquots
of PRP
were
kept
in melting
ice, in a refrigerator
(6#{176}C),or at room
temperature
(RT, 23#{176}C).
PRPs
kept
at these various
temperatures
for periods
ranging
from
4 to 20 hr
were
placed
in a 37#{176}C
water
bath
for 1 hr, to reduce
spontaneous
aggregation
In the chilled
samples.
The
platelets
were
then
tested
for
their
ability
to
aggregate
in
response
to
ADP,
epinephrine,
and
connective
tissue.
To determine
if deterioration
in platelet
function
was due to the lack of metabolic
substrates,
adenosine
(Sigma,
100 hM final
concentration)
or dextrose
(300
mg/100
ml final concentration)
was added
separately
to PRP in some
experiments.
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 17, 2017. For personal use only.
690
KATTLOVE,
Inhibition
The
by
of Platelet
response
two
method,
the
of
methods.
The
of
ADP
and
cold
and
45
inhibited
PRP
KCN
to
at
(0.002
about
20%
37#{176}Cfor
4 hr.
M)
added
were
In
of
control
the
second
to
PR!’,
and
mm.’
frequent
in the
PRP)
aggregation
Platelet
of
platelets
Aliquots
1 hr
cuvette
platelet
in
to
of
were
a 37#{176}Cwater
pipetted
into
the
PRP
intervals,
1.0
ml
aliquots
containing
the
stir
was
the
cuvette
added;
was
develop
PRP
refractoriness
kept
bath.
At
without
bar.
this
these
time,
(10
the
mixtures
and
were
or
iM
(2
in the
at
final
were
pipetted
ADP
placed
after
ice
ADP
milliliter
promptly
ADP
melting
mixtures
One-tenth
was
in
stirring,
of
to
either
into
,M
final
aggregometer,
measured.
Retention
Platelet
retention
inch)
filled
A nylon
filter
of
was
incubate
M)
ability
studied.
rapidly
37#{176}C.At
concentration
1/8
0.006
the
warmed
aggregometer
and
on
was
at
to
at 37#{176}C
for
was
were
concentration)
kept
agents
was
(Sigma,
exposure
3 hr
aggregating
method
Refractoriness
effect
prior
an
to
first
incubated
ADP-induced
RT
PRP
The
was
AND WHITE
Aggregation
2-deoxyglucose
mixture
ALEXANDER,
PRP
in
was
measured
3 g
of
with
a
and
20-gauge
plastic
syringe
in
glass
30-cm
beads
disposable
were
lengths
of
(Superbrite,
needle
pumped
Tygon
type
were
fixed
through
at
the
tubing
070,
(internal
3M
the
Co.,
distal
tubing
at
diameter,
St.
Paul,
end.
room
Five
Minn.).
milliliters
temperature
with
a Harvard
pump
at the rate of 1.0 mI/mm.
Four
successive
1 ml aliquots
from
the effluent
were collected
separately.
Platelets
in the last two aliquots
and in a sample
that had not
passed
through
the column
were
counted
with
a Coulter
Counter,
Model
B. Platelet
retention
was
calculated
from
an
average
of
The effect
of cold on platelet
retention
tube
at 0-1#{176}C,6#{176}C,
23#{176}C,or 37#{176}C
for
4
aspirating
then
it into
filled tubing
was continued
that was
overnight
Serotonin
for
4
dissolved
centration,
were
then
of the
at room
(19
and
it
promptly
temperature.
In some
aliquots.
by
placing
keeping
in
a
the
passing
it
studies,
PRP
37#{176}Cwater
through
the
final
in a plastic
bath
the
for
glass
1 hr,
bead-
incubation
at 37#{176}C
hr).
uptake
of chilled
platelets
was measured
and then at 37#{176}C
for 1 hr. 14C-Serotonin
in ethanol
at a concentration
of 8 Ci/ml,
0.016
,Ci/ml);
the mixture
was incubated
after
keeping
the PRP in melting
(Amersham
Searle,
30 mCi/mM),
was added
to this PRP
(final
conat 37#{176}C
for 30 mm, and the platelets
sedimented
Adams
hr
at
supernatant
toluene
temperature
in
a Clay
combined
with liquid
scintillator
4 g/Iiter
PPO-(2,5-diphenyloxazole)
benzene),
and the radioactivity
[2,5-phenyloxazolyl]
scintillation
temperature
room
was
containing
liquid
syringe,
hr,
two
last
studied
Uptake
Serotonin
Ice
a plastic
the
was
counter.
for
CT-induced
4 hr,
A
was
Serotonin
control
tested
sample
of
PRP
Sero-fuge.
(4
ml
and
was
One-tenth
absolute
50
mg/liter
measured
from
the
milliliter
alcohol
10
ml
POPOP-(1,4-bis
in
same
and
a Beckmann
pool,
kept
233
at
room
similarly.
Release
CT-induced
14C-serotonin
perature
for
the
stock
serotonin
release
was measured
as follows:
fresh
PRP was labeled
with
for 30 mm at 37#{176}C,was thereafter
kept
in melting
ice or at room
tem4 hr. and was
then warmed
for 1 hr at 37#{176}C.Saline
or various
dilutions
of
CT in saline
was added;
the PRP
was
stirred
for 5 mm, at which
time CT-induced
aggregation
the
radioactivity
The per cent
(cpm PPP/cpm
was
complete.
of
release
PRP)
the
The
PRP
platelets
and
was calculated
saline.
the
were
supernatant
from
sedimented
PPP
the
expression
in
a Clay-Adams
(platelet-poor
(cpm
plasma)
PPP/cpm
Sero-fuge,
was
PRP)
and
measured.
CT
minus
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 17, 2017. For personal use only.
EFFECT
OF COLD
ON PLATELETS
1. Progressive
loss
spontaneous
platelet
Fig.
of
aggregation
in
PRP
691
50
is
correlated
with
interval
of incubation
at 37#{176}C.z
Chilled
PRP was brought
I
to 37#{176}C
without
disturbance; then aliquots
were
a
0
tested
in aggregometer
z
and
change
in optical
-J
density
(OD) was measured. OD is expressed
as
chart
units.
One
chart
40
(1)
I-
30
LI
-J
unit
represents
a change
of 1#{176}/a
(2.3 mm)
ing
paper.
tive
on chart-
INCUBATION
Representa-
TIME
(MINUTES)
experiment.
RESULTS
Reversal
As
of Cold-induced
reported
during
warmed
the
earlier,’
the
platelets
of
simultaneous
warming
and
to 37#{176}Cwithout
disturbance
extent
of
aggregation
tion
at 37#{176}Cincreased
tion
occurred
evident
tracing,
PRP
Aggregation
where
was
aggregation
Platelet
60
units
90
OD
warmed
progressively
(Fig.
around
OD
(5-7
mm.
kept
progressive
PRP
decreased
Even
spontaneously
as
decrease
then,
some
the
of
at room
duration
spontaneous
temperature,
the
of incubation
was
the PR?
aggregometer,
of
spontaneous
in light
transmission
complete
aggregation).
time
aggregated
When,
however,
being
placed
in the
Maximum
1).
of increase
units
represent
to and
with
chilled
stirring.
before
was
incubaaggrega-
aggregation
was
on
the aggregometer
When
the chilled
decline
in spontaneous
slower.
Aggregation
The
function
of platelets
kept
at cold temperatures
was compared
to that
of platelets
kept
at room
temperature.
The chilled
platelets
aggregated
better
in response
to ADP,
epinephrine,
and connective
tissue
(Fig. 2). Clearly,
the
aggregation
response
to epinephrine
and connective
tissue
was
much
better
preserved
in the
of that
seen
at refrigerator
aggregating
ture,
the
platelets
agents.
its response
chilled
PR!’
temperature.
Neither
temperature,
either
ing
agents.
The effect
37#{176}Cfor
The PR!’
4 hr,
was
that
in freshly
temperature
had
been
When
PR!’
was
to aggregating
still
responded
adenosine
4 hr
of chilling
chilled.
prepared
specimens
(6#{176}C)similarly
kept
agents
better
nor
appeared
overnight
improved
to be
response
PR!’
its
was
that
ability
about
in ice or at room
added
to the
tempera-
PRP
However,
at room
kept
its responsiveness
a “rejuvenating”
at which
time the response
to aggregating
then
placed
on ice for 2 hr. It was then
one.
80%
had been
kept
to respond
to
was markedly
diminished.
than
that
kept
overnight
dextrose
or overnight,
This
of PR!’.
maintained
at
room
to aggregatPRP
agents
warmed
had
was
kept
decreased.
to and kept
at
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692
KATTLOVE,
ALEXANDER,
AND WHITE
0
Fig. 2. Effect
20
!
I
40
I
F-
60
I
I
37#{176}C.
Representative
periment.
I
j
at
37#{176}Cfor
response
hr
1
of
the
and
was
PR!’
retested
to ADP,
However,
inhibited
chilling
aggregation
did
not
as compared
improve
with
the
epinephrine,
cantly
improved
(Fig. 3).
aggregating
agents
was
Uptake
Although
(i.e.,
and
chilling
Development
aggregation
strikingly
preserved
of
specific
gation
is due
aspect
was
and
then
was
The
signifi-
to respond
subsequent
still
inhibited
to
80%
CT-induced
was
35%,
uptake
was
platelet
aggregation,
1). The CT-induced
as compared
with
41%
unaffected
chilling;
by
release
for
prior
Refractoriness
feature
of
to
the
explored.
warmed
initially
the
ADP-induced
cells
becoming
Our
results
aggregation
room
refractory
and
selected
than
to
that
essentially
temperature
of
platelets
they
disaggregate
less
It has been
suggested
indicate
to 37#{176}Cbecame
at
temperature
(37#{176}C)was
rapidly
at this temperature
Platelet
was
(Table
chilled
and then
rewarmed
is that
had been
kept
at room
temperature.
kept
agents.
tissue
Release
kept in melting
ice. Serotonin
93%-95%
in all experiments.
One
aggregating
connective
when
the ability
of platelets
by KCN
and
2-deoxyglucose,
serotonin
release
was relatively
unaffected
from
platelets
kept
at room
temperature
platelets
it was
same
and
ex-
to control).
Serotonin
been
that
on
Curves
on the right represent
PRP kept at RT 4
hr and warmed
1 hr at
80
100
of cold
platelet
aggregation
induced
by ADP
(2 11M),
connective
tissue,
and
epinephrine
(1OAl). In
each
frame,
curves
on
the
left
represent
PRP
kept in melting
ice 4 hr
and warmed
1 hr at 37#{176}C.
warmed
had
refractoriness
temperatures.10
chilled
as platelets
37#{176}C(Fig.
to AD!’
this
been
to AD!’
to
had
platelets
disaggre-
Accordingly,
that
as refractory
then
because
at lower
ADR8’9
platelets
that
than
that
This
4).
develops
more
Retention
Platelet
retention
The
least
retention
greatest
retention
(Fig.
5).
This
PRP
was
warmed
by
glass
beads
was
seen
was
observed
increased
for
retention
19
in
was
increased
by cold
temperature
the PR!’
that
was
kept
at
in the PR!’
that
was
kept
is not
hr at 37#{176}C
the
reversible,
degree
for
of retention
even
was
(Fig.
37#{176}C,and
in melting
when
not
the
5).
the
ice
chilled
diminished.
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EFFECT
OF COLD
Fig.
693
ON PLATELETS
3. Restorative
ef-
ADP
fect
of
chilling
on
warmth-induced
platelet
deterioration.
Curve
on
the right represents
PAP
kept
at 37#{176}C
for 31/2 hr
and tested
with ADP (2
1i.M), connective
tissue,
and
epinephrine
(10-s
M). In each frame, curves
on the left represent
the
same
PAP,
tested
after
chilling
and
rewarming.
Representative
experiment.
I
CONN.
TISSUE
20
:2M,N:
0
60
no
Morphology
The
morphology
Chilled
chilling,
and kept
The
chilled
appeared
platelets
spherical
shape
shape,”
also
not
seen
PR!’
chilled
by
microscopy.
After
even
were
aggregometer
kept
and
phase
pseudopodia.
disc shape,
of chilling
in the
of the
in the
examined
formed
normal
periods
evident
oscillations
were
and
their
Shorter
was
the normal
was
spherical
they
did not resume
at 37#{176}Cfor 20 hr.
tracings,
disc
of
platelets
2 hr
tracings.
at 37#{176}C,which
rewarmed
of
when
rewarmed
not tested.
In these
is due
to their
PRPs.
DISCUSSION
Clearly,
cold
temperatures
effect
is morphologic.
Cold
tubular
Aynaud,’2
profoundly
causes
platelets
system.’2’7
This
is
who reported
that
caused
them
alterations
intervals
to
become
that
are
of chilling.
in accord
prolonged
contracted,
not equally
The changes
affect
platelets.
to sphere
and
with
the very
(4 hr) chilling
rounded,
The
most
obvious
to lose their
micro-
early
(ice
granular,
observations
of
bath)
of platelets
with
intense
and that are less
are partly
reversed
when
irregular
intense
platelets
edges,
with
shorter
are chilled
for
the
less than
1 hr and then
restored
changes
are essentially
irreversible,’6
to 37#{176}C.’2”3”#{176}”7After
24 hr of chilling,
with microtubular
reassembly
becom-
ing
sporadic
study,
cause
were
on
shape
rewarming.
changes
subsequently
that
1. Connective
our
even
irreversible
no
2 hr
of
cold
have
in preserving
been
published
Release
Tissue-induced
of ‘4C-Serotonin
Temperature
(#{176}/o)
Experiment
1
2
temperature,
chilling
how
platelet
by
‘#{176}C-Serotonin
Room
Room
of
matter
appeared
long
the
to
platelets
rewarmed.
Of interest
is the effect
in vitro.
Similar
observations
Table
In
were
35
35.5
23#{176}C;
melting
ice, 0-1#{176}C.
aggregating
Shively
et
al.’8
in Platelet-rich
Plasma
Release
Melting
Ice
(#{176}Io)
41
41.3
ability
who
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 17, 2017. For personal use only.
KATTLOVE,
694
ALEXANDER,
AND WHITE
50
refractoriness
Fig. 4. Development
to
ADP.of
PRP
was
kept
on ice
(straight
line) or at room
4#{176}
line)
6 0
temperature
for
(dashed
3
hr,
both
subsequently
were
kept
at 37#{176}C
for 1 hr. ADP (10
M)
was added
to each,
and aliquots
were tested
3#{176}
20
periodically.
represents
10
.
0
0
.
20
Each
point
aggregation
in response
.
.
.
30
40
INCU8ATION
,
80
70
(2
,
‘
,
50
60
TIME (MINUTES)
to more
Incubation
SM).
indicates
90
period
measured
platelet
aggregating
ability
this
function
tion
after
prevent
of
since
their
this
in
deteriorates
stored
rotating
in
platelets
glass
vitro
is
is apparently
the transfused
platelets
in vivo
circulation.
Part
however,
that
had deteriorated
suggests
another
other
mechanism
reversed
supported
of the
The
reason
the
in
after
normal
effect
of
vivo
ad-
ADP.
experi-
platelet
However,
loss
of
trans-
in vitro
aggregacold
might
be to
the subsequent
chilling
of
at 37#{176}Crestored
response
mechanism.
is probably
similar
induces
spontaneous
aggregation.
in membrane
“stickiness,”
since
the response
KCN
and
flasks.
unknown.
time
deterioration.
Our
observation,
aggregating
ability
agents,
This
aggregation
ADP
after
M
dition
of 10
Representative
ment.
which
increase
and
to aggregating
2-deoxyglucose.
effect
of aggregating
agents,
olism
be intact.
CTand
epinephrine-induced
agents
when
This
was not
but
to
The
prior
the
change
latter
chilling
platelets
whose
to aggregating
caused
by
is not merely
should
have
cold,
a general
improved
platelet
metabolism
was blocked
the case.
Thus,
cold potentiates
in so doing
it is necessary
aggregation
were
more
that
platelet
enhanced
by
the
metabby
prior
50
z
0
I-.
z
LJ
I-.
LU
z
LU
LI
LU
Q.
Fig. 5. Per cent of PAP platelets retained
in glass
bead column
after incubation
at the temperatures
noted.
Bars represent
values
for the last 2 ml
of effluent
with 1 SD.
370
6#{176}
TEMPERATURE
(C)
0-1#{176}
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 17, 2017. For personal use only.
EFFECT
OF COLD ON PLATELETS
chilling
than
and
the
release
was
ADP-induced
secondary
of
695
wave
aggregation.
of
platelet
ADP,#{176}’’ we
enhance
that the
‘4C-serotonin
effect
of cold
significantly
is unlikely
were
as unchilled
platelets.
Total
aggregation
and
probably
be
as an
ation
would
reflected
most
aggregation
rates
gation.
Decreased
aggregation
postulate
rates
that
disaggregation.
It has been
refractory
lated
when
are
the
shown
to the
that
this
platelets
However,
as readily
tion
we
that
our
results
It
represents
an
equilibrium
in disaggregation
total
aggregation.
Decreased
total
aggregation
in
would
disaggrewhere
as
ADP-induced
of cold
aggregation.
in increasing
exposed
to
AD!’
of additional
that
chilled
platelets.
is not due
We
aggregation
stirring
It has
platelets
develop
this
become
been
disaggregation
of aggregating
Consequently,
to an inability
would
is to prevent
without
AD!’.8’23
is responsible
for the
with low concentrations
indicate
as do nonchilled
have
observed
not
aggrewhere
effects
refractoriness
are aggregated
the
did
situations
platelets
aggregating
on
chilling
as with
epinephrineand CT-induced
would
be least
apparent
in situations
such
effect
that
and CT vis-a-vis
AD!’
disaggregate
as readily
not
A decrease
increase
such
aggregation
depend
parallels
ADP
release.22
of the release
reaction.
probably
augmented
rapid,
major
find
to epinephrine
platelets
do
aggregation
apparently
to
release,
which
is due to preservation
disaggregation.
are slow,
aggregation
all CT-induced
aggregation
surprised
The
reason
for the better
response
may relate
to our findings
that chilled
between
Since
epinephrine-induced
postu-
that occurs
agents.8’9
refractoriness
the decreased
to develop
disaggregarefractoriness
to AD!’.
Our
results
with
platelet
Stormorken,24
platelet
storage
who
found
temperature
storage.
though
Even
retention
that
retention
decreased.
we
warmed
the
are
similar
in
This
glass
bead
columns
increased
occurred
within
a few hours
PR!’
to
to
those
37#{176}Cto
of
Hellem
prevent
and
as
of
spontaneous
aggregation,
which
these
investigators
did not do, increased
retention
was
observed
in PR!’ previously
stored
at cold temperatures
as compared
to PR!’
stored
at warmer
temperatures.
Moreover,
we found
greater
retention
of
PR!’
This
stored
at 37#{176}Cor room
temperature
than
did Hellem
may be due to our use of Tygon
tubing,
which
in itself
retention.25
These
findings
preservation
platelets
for
followed
centrates
at cold
sion.
However,
harmful,
as
carefully
infusion.
increased
warmed
Although
retention
promise
functions,
face
of
in
had
have
important
transfusion.
by
rewarming
temperature
preservation
been
implications
Because
and
of
the
stirring,
for
the
reported,
if
the
preparation
aggregation
preparation
would
lead to difficulty
at cold
temperature
previously
platelet
spontaneous
and Stormorken.
is said to increase
of
platelet
or
cold
con-
in subsequent
resuspenmay
not
necessarily
be
platelet
concentrates
before
infusion
to inhibit
spontaneous
aggregation
the decreased
ability
of platelets
to disaggregate
in glass
bead
columns
may
reflect
changes
vivo
survival,
the preservation,
of platelets
stored
at cold temperature
it, it would
seem
disadvantageous
and
of
and
that
are
during
their
com-
actual
enhancement
in some
may justify
their
use. On the
to use
platelets
stored
at cold
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 17, 2017. For personal use only.
KATTLOVE,
696.
temperature
as
because
of their
are
actively
prophylaxis
due
to their
better
preserved
function
bleeding
because
shortened
they may
ALEXANDER,
AND WHITE
in vivo
survival,4
useful
in patients
be
but
who
of thrombocytopenia.
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From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 17, 2017. For personal use only.
1972 40: 688-696
The Effect of Cold on Platelets. II. Platelet Function After Short-term
Storage at Cold Temperatures
Herman E. Kattlove, Benjamin Alexander and Frances White
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