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Chapter 5 Section Review Packet
Section 5-1: Forms of Government
Match the following terms with the correct definitions:
1. Privy Council_____
2. Parliament_____
3. Bicameral legislature_____
4. Virginia House of Burgesses_____
5. Town meeting_____
6. John Peter Zenger_____
7. Libel_____
8. Dominion of New England_____
9. Edmund Andros_____
10. Glorious Revolution_____
11. James II_____
12. William and Mary_____
13. English Bill of Rights_____
a. Lawmaking body of Great Britain
b. Newspaper publisher put on trial for making
critical statements about the governor of New
York
c. First and only governor of the Dominion of
New England
d. Name given to the overthrow of James II in
England
e. Act in which the power of the monarchy was
reduced and the power of parliament was
increased
f. Type of legislature with two separate houses
or chambers
g. Group that governed the English colonies
from Great Britain
h. First legislature created in the English
colonies
i. Word that means to publicly make false
statements about another
j. Typical way in which colonists would get
together and make decisions on the local level
k. King and Queen of England after the Glorious
Revolution
l. Short lived political union of New England
states under James II
m. King of England that attempted to restore
Catholicism to Great Britain and the colonies
Answer the following questions:
14. Give at least two examples of representative government in the colonies.
(a) Colonial assemblies – democratically elected legislatures such as the Virginia House of Burgesses
(b) Town meetings – sometimes more significant because they dealt with issues that affected the
colonists more directly at the local level
15. Why did the newly formed Dominion of New England anger the American colonists?
(a) Dominion of NE angered the colonists because each colony wanted to govern itself individually
through colonial assemblies; used to self-government since the first colonists arrived in the early 1600s;
Saw it as a possible move to assert more control over the colonies;
Disliked a royally appointed governor that was not from America, but from England
16. (a) Why was the trial of John Peter Zenger important? (b) What basic right was in question during
the trial? (c) How did the judges feel about this case? (d) How did the jury rule?
(a) Trial important because it addressed the important issue of freedom of the press/speech
(b) Basic right was the press’ freedom to criticize the government and public officials without fear of
being charged with a crime such as libel
(c) Judges felt that criticism of public officials was dangerous and could lead to unrest or rebellion
(d) Jury ruled in favor of Zenger, saying that criticism of government officials held them accountable for
actions
Section 5-2: The Growth of Trade
Match the following terms with the correct definitions:
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
26.
Mercantilism_____
Balance of trade_____
Imports_____
Exports_____
Duties_____
Navigation Acts_____
Free enterprise_____
Triangular trade_____
Middle Passage_____
a. Economic system in which nations created
and maintained wealth by carefully controlling
trade
b. Goods sold to other countries
c. Economic competition with little government
control
d. Trading system between Europe, Africa, and
the Americas where various goods were
exchanged
e. Deadly and treacherous voyage across the
Atlantic from West Africa to the Americas
f. Taxes on imported goods
g. Goods bought from other countries
h. A series of laws that required the colonies to
do the bulk of their trading with England
i. Term that referred to how much a country
imports versus how much it exports
Answer the following questions:
27. Explain how countries tried to maintain a favorable balance of trade.
(a) Countries tried to maintain a favorable balance of trade through mercantilism, the belief that power
could be achieved through acquisition of natural resources and wealth; Wanted to have more exports
and imports (a trade surplus)
28. (a) How did the Navigation Acts affect trade? (b) Were the colonists happy with these laws? (c)
Why or why not?
(a) Navigation Acts forced colonies to trade only with Britain and its colonies, placing high tariffs (import
taxes) on foreign goods
(b) Colonists unhappy with these laws
(c) Violated their right to free enterprise and trade; also forced them to pay higher prices for foreign
goods; limited their ability to sell goods for most competitive prices in foreign markets such as France or
Spain
29. (a) Explain the triangular trade, especially that which included (b) the Middle Passage.
(a) Triangular trade was a series of triangular shaped trade routes between the North American
colonies, the Caribbean, Africa, and Europe; for instance, sugar and molasses were traded for goods in
the N.A. colonies. Sugar and molasses converted into finished product of rum and shipped to Africa,
where rum would be traded for slaves; slaves would then be exported to the Caribbean for sugar and
molasses, and so on.
(b) Middle passage was primary trade route between Africa and the West Indies and N.A.; long,
treacherous voyage especially for slaves, who were treated inhumanely
30. (a) Explain the demand for slaves in the English colonies. (b) Describe the conditions under which
slaves were transported from Africa to the Americas.
(a) Demand for slaves in the English colonies primarily the result of need for labor on plantations in the
South; in order to make a profit plantation owners need very cheap labor, and slaves offered the “best”
solution
(b) Cramped conditions, disease, dehydration, and starvation often claimed lives of African slaves; some
would even attempt suicide while at sea
Section 5-3: The Colonial Economy
Match the following terms with the correct definitions:
31.
32.
33.
34.
Cash crop_____
Slave codes_____
Apprentices_____
Staple crop_____
a. A crop grown in large amounts for profit
b. A crop that is in constant need
c. A young person learning a trade from a
“master” of that trade
d. Laws passed to control slaves in the colonies
Answer the following questions:
35. (a) What were some common crops grown on plantations in the southern colonies? (b) In order to
fill labor needs, who was used as labor on these plantations?
(a) Common crops included tobacco, indigo, and rice
(b) At first, indentured servants were primarily used as main form of labor, but eventually the supply of
I.S. would “dry up”; To fulfill labor needs slaves were imported from Africa
36. How did climate help determine the economic activities of the (a) northern, (b) middle, and (c)
southern colonies? Give examples to support your answer.
(a) North: climate generally cooler, soil harder and rockier, not good for plantation agriculture; staple
crops primarily grown in North; trade and manufacturing also very important; abundance of forests
combined with demand for trading and fishing vessels made shipbuilding a significant industry
(b) Middle: a “mix” of economic activity between North and South; some plantation and some staple
crop agriculture; some trade and manufacturing; demand for slaves not as high as in deep South
(c) South: plantation agriculture was most important economic activity, great demand for cheap labor in
the form of slavery; despite this, most southerners did not own slaves as they were too expensive
Note: Most farmers throughout the colonies were subsistence farmers, or those who grew their own
food and sold whatever was left at local markets
37. Give examples of various slave codes in the southern colonies.
(a) Slave codes were laws designed to further deny African slaves their rights
(b) Some colonies outlawed teaching slaves to read and write
(c) Laws outlawed slaves from gathering in large groups to prevent them from plotting uprising or
rebellion
(d) Laws outlawed slaves from learning to fight or train with weapons
(e) Laws outlawed slave owners from freeing their slaves
(f) Laws allowed slave owners to beat their slaves, or even kill them if necessary
38. Why was shipbuilding an important industry in New England?
(a) Shipbuilding an important industry because of increased demand for ships for fishing, trade, and to
supply Britain’s growing navy with warships ; Abundance of forests supplied N.E. colonies with an
abundance of wood (raw material) that could be turned into ships (manufactured product)
39. Explain the process through which people learned new trades in the colonies.
(a) Young boys and men would often leave home and become apprentices that learned a trade from a
master, would produce a “masterpiece” to prove they were ready to practice the profession on their
own; professions included blacksmiths, gunsmiths, cobblers, tailors, etc.
40. What were the various roles of women in the colonies?
(a) Women were keepers of the home first and foremost; took care of and educated children
(b) Some women owned their own farms, plantations, and businesses
Section 5-4: The Great Awakening
Match the following terms to the correct definitions:
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
Revivals_____
Great Awakening_____
Jonathan Edwards_____
George Whitefield_____
Old Lights_____
New Lights_____
Gilbert Tennent_____
a. A period in which religious faith experienced
a resurgence in the colonies
b. Religious gatherings where people came
together to hear sermons and declare their
faith
c. One of the most important leaders of the
Great Awakening
d. British minister that visited America during
the Great Awakening
e. The followers of the new ministers of the
Great Awakening
f. The more traditional Christian groups of the
colonies
g. Presbyterian leader of the Great Awakening
Answer the following questions:
48. What led to the Great Awakening?
(a) The Great Awakening was a revival of religious faith in the colonies; belief that colonists were getting
away from their religious roots; emphasis in many colonies had shifted from search for religious
freedom to trade and economics; Travelling preachers and ministers from both the colonies and Europe
would travel through the colonies spreading their message
49. What were the key messages preached by the ministers of the Great Awakening?
(a) Key messages were that salvation was possible through faith and prayer, confession and forgiveness
of sin
(b) Could get into heaven without being one of God’s “elect”, or those pre-destined for entrance to
heaven, which was a belief held previously by many; faith and good works (charity, kindness, etc.) were
the keys to getting into heaven and finding salvation
50. In which regions was the Great Awakening most influential?
(a) Great Awakening most influential in the South; rural areas and areas along the frontier
51. (a) In what ways did the Great Awakening change the way colonists communicated? (b) In what
ways did it change people’s political and social views?
(a) Great Awakening increased communication in the colonies party due to messages carried by
travelling preachers and ministers, who brought information from one colony to another
(b) Great Awakening taught that everyone was equal in the eyes of God, man or woman, black or white;
hope was that spiritual equality might one day lead to political and social equality for these groups
Section 5-5: American Culture
Match the following terms with the correct definitions:
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
Scientific Revolution_____
Galileo Galilei_____
Isaac Newton_____
Scientific Method_____
Enlightenment_____
John Locke_____
Benjamin Franklin_____
Poor Richard’s Almanack_____
a. Period also called the Age of Reason in which
philosophers used reason and logic to
understand the world
b. Leading figure of the Scientific Revolution;
demonstrated that the planets revolve around
the sun
c. Explained the motion of objects on Earth and
in the sky; proved that the same laws of physics
apply to both
d. Method which scientists use to study natural
events
e. Period in which new ideas about the
universe began to emerge
f. English political philosopher who believed
people had natural rights; that people should
only obey just rulers that protected their life
and liberty
g. Great scientist and political philosopher of
the American colonies
h. Successful colonial newspaper published by
Benjamin Franklin
Answer the following questions:
60. Explain how the Scientific Revolution influenced the thinkers of the Enlightenment.
(a) Use of logic and reason was applied in Scientific Revolution; Enlightenment thinkers believed same
logic and reason could be applied to society, politics, and economics
61. (a) Where were there more schools in the colonies? (b) Why were schools particularly important in
these areas? (c) What kinds of classes did most early colleges in the American colonies focus on?
(a) There were more schools in the New England region
(b) So that children would be able to read and interpret the Bible
(c) Schools primarily focused upon religious education; most early colleges were intended to train future
ministers and preachers
62. What were some important accomplishments of Benjamin Franklin?
(a) Benjamin Franklin was a scientist and inventor; invented bifocals, the lightning rod, new type of stove
to heat homes; also conducted experiments in electricity
(b) Published Poor Richard’s Almanac
(c) Founder of American Philosophical Society
(d) Founded University of Pennsylvania
64. What did the various changes of the quality of colonial literature, art, and architecture say about life
in the colonies in the mid 1700s?
(a) Literature, art, and architecture took on a distinctly “American” style, indicating that America was
developing a distinct culture and society from that of England and Europe
(b) Greek revival architecture was a tribute to Greek culture and philosophy, including the use of reason,
democracy, etc. in the American colonies