Unit 2 Outline
Biomolecules
Name _________________________________
Date _______________________ Period ____
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Part 1 - Carbohydrates are Fuel for Living Machines
1. Carbohydrates are macromolecules (or
biomolecules) that function as fuel. Fuel for
your body. Macromolecules can be simply
defined as:
2. The four major types of macromolecules
that are necessary for our cells include:
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•
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3. Carbohydrates are made up of the three
following elements:
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a. All carbohydrates are found with a similar composition of an H2O (water) unit for every carbon.
Give the chemical formula for glucose: _______________.
b. Monosaccharides are also called _________________________________. Given an example of a
monosaccharide you are familiar with other than glucose:
4. What is the primary function of carbohydrates in our cells?
a. Why are carbohydrates so well suited for this function?
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Unit 2 Outline
Biomolecules
Name _________________________________
Date _______________________ Period ____
5. The glucose from fruit, bread, potatoes and other carbohydrate sources ends up in the
bloodstream. There are then several potential end results for the glucose circulating in the blood.
What are the three potential fates of glucose:
6. Fill in the diagram to the right.
7. Complex carbohydrates are a source of fuel
containing more than one sugar building block.
These include:
a. __________________________ which are two
monosaccharides linked together and,
b. __________________________ which are many
monosaccharides (even thousands) linked
together.
8. Give an example of a disaccharide and explain how it
is used as fuel.
9. What is the function of starch in plants?
10.What is the function of cellulose in plants?
11.What is the function of glycogen in animals?
12.What is the function of chitin in animals?
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Unit 2 Outline
Biomolecules
Name _________________________________
Date _______________________ Period ____
Part 2 - Lipids Store Energy for a Rainy Day
13. lipids are a large, diverse group of macromolecules with important functions. Like other
macromolecules, the structure of lipids includes the elements C, O, and H, but lipids have a higher
ratio of C-H bonds. How does this affect lipids?
14. Some important properties of lipids include how they behave in water. Define:
a. Hydrophobic
b. Hydrophilic
15. List three types of lipids and their
function, then label the image to to the
right.
•
Function:
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Function:
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Function
16. Fats are tasty molecules too plentiful in
our diets. The fats we are concerned
about in the foods we et are also called
__________________________________.
17. Label the parts of the structure of a
triglyceride to the right.
18. Explain the difference between a
saturated fat and an unsaturated fat use the
correct vocabulary.
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Unit 2 Outline
Biomolecules
Name _________________________________
Date _______________________ Period ____
19. How is trans fat different from both saturated and unsaturated fats?
20. Olestra is a fat substitute. It is found in many food products, such as potato chips, that strive to
reduce the fat content in order the make the product more appealing to consumers (YOU!)
a. What is the chemical structure of Olestra? ______________________
b. Are there consequences associated with a diet high in Olestra? Explain.
21. Cholesterol and phospholipids are used to build sex hormones and cell membranes.
a. What is the basic structure of all sterols?
• List two important examples:
b. Draw the basic structure of a phospholipid in the box to the right
and label its parts.
• This type of lipid plays an important role in the cell’s
______________________________________________.
Part 3 - Proteins Are Versatile Macromolecules That Serve as Building Blocks.
22. Proteins are the most diverse groups of macromolecules and functions to
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23. Proteins are similar to carbohydrates and lipids as they also contain C, O, and H, but they can be
distinguished from these other important macromolecules because they also contain ________.
24. Despite the large variety of proteins found, they are all composed of the same building blocks.
The building blocks of proteins are _____________ ______________.
25. There are ______ different amino acids that exist naturally.
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Unit 2 Outline
Biomolecules
Name _________________________________
Date _______________________ Period ____
26. Identify the main groups that
form the amino acid by labeling
them on the image to the right.
27. What makes one amino acid
different from another?
28. Our cells require amino acids for
various cellular
______________________ and
________________.
29. Cells can make some of the 20
amino acids that are required, but
not all of them.
a. The other amino acids are
obtained through our diet. The
amino acids we must be certain
to include in our diet are called
______________________________
______________________________
30. Briefly describe the difference between a complete protein and incomplete protein.
31. Cells will build protein by linking amino acids together by a ________________ bond.
32. The order of the amino acids as well as the overall structure of the protein takes on, impacts how
the protein functions.
• The Possible shapes, or structure of proteins are:
a. _
b. _
c. _
d. _
NOTE: IF AT ANY TIME, SOMETHING ALTERS THE SHAPE OF THE PROTEIN, THE PROTEIN, WILL NO LONGER BE ABLE
TO FUNCTION PROPERLY. THAT, IN TURN, CAN AFFECT CELLULAR FUNCTIONING.
33. When a protein is exposed to an extreme environment, such as high temperature or changes in
pH, the protein may unfold or be described as: ______________________________.
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Unit 2 Outline
Biomolecules
Name _________________________________
Date _______________________ Period ____
34. One important class of proteins is enzymes. Briefly explain what an enzyme’s job is and if they can
perform their job more than once.
35. Only specific substrates can fit in an enzyme’s _____________ site to catalyze a reaction.
36. Activation energy is required to jump start a reaction. What is the relationship between enzymes
and a reaction’s activation energy? Include four specific examples below.
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