2015 Envirothon
Forestry Test Key
1. A common Timber Stand Improvement activity that landowners use is called Crop Tree
Release (CTR). Which statement best describes the CTR practice?
a. Planting young healthy trees in the understory
b. Removing trees that have been damaged by wind, ice, insects, or disease
c. Freeing young, vigorous trees for faster growth and better quality by
removing overtopping and competing trees
d. Remove deformed, defective, and undesirable trees to increase overall growing
space
2. How many age classes would be created in a 100 acre forest by using the selection harvest
method on a cutting cycle length of 12 years, assuming a rotation of 120 years?
a. 12
b. 10
c. 6
d. 3
3. If your 100 acre forest is growing 200 board feet per acre per year, what is the maximum
amount of board foot volume you could sustainably harvest every 12 years?
a. 200,000 board feet
b. 120,000 board feet
c. 240,000 board feet
d. 260,000 board feet
4. Which is an example of a human activity that favors/promotes disease development?
a. planting monocultures
b. timber harvesting
c. prescribed burning
d. hunting white-tailed deer
5. Which of the following is a way that Dutch elm disease can spread?
a. Spores moved by wind
b. Infected leaves on the ground
c. Spores moved by bark beetles
d. Spores moved through surface water
6. How do canker pathogens gain entry into their hosts?
a. Through wounds created by insects feeding on leaves
b. Through the root system
c. Through transpiration
d. Through wounds made in the bark by insects, birds, or people
7. Mycorrhizal fungi form an association among the roots of vascular plants. The fungus is
provided with essential carbohydrates while the plant benefits from increased water and
nutrient absorption. This relationship can be best described as?
a. Mutualistic
b. Parasitic
c. Commensalistic
d. Partneristic
8. The main function of this plant tissue is to transport water and dissolved minerals upwards
from the roots throughout the plant. This tissue is tapped to gather sap from maple trees to
produce maple syrup.
a. phloem
b. cambium
c. xylem
d. heartwood
9. Of the following mast producing trees, which one would benefit wildlife species the most
during the winter months?
a. sassafras
b. persimmon
c. black cherry
d. American beech
10. This forest type found in Ohio is comprised of early successional, shade intolerant species
that commonly occur after a clearcut.
a. oak-hickory
b. box elder-silver maple-American elm
c. yellow poplar-black locust-sassafras
d. sugar maple-American beech
11. This species of oak tree produces acorns in one growing season.
A. northern red oak
B. shingle oak
C. white oak
D. black oak
12. Which of the following species is a deciduous conifer?
A. eastern white pine
B. bald cypress
C. red pine
D. eastern hemlock
13. This invasive insect was brought into the US for silk production in 1860. It has since spread
across the eastern US defoliating mainly oak trees. It has a series of red and blue spots down its
hairy back when in the caterpillar stage. What is this insect?
A. forest tent caterpillar
B. sawfly
C. gypsy moth
D. eastern tent caterpillar
14. Tree planting of hardwoods is often done at an 8 foot by 8 foot spacing. Given that there is
43,560 square feet per acre, how many trees would be needed to plant a field 6.5 acres in size?
A. 7,215 trees
B. 4,000 trees
C. 6,149 trees
D. 4,424 trees
15. Efforts taken to reduce soil erosion during and after a timber harvest are called Best
Management Practices, or BMP’s. Which of these are not considered a BMP?
A. Water bars constructed at 30 degree angles on skid roads
B. Leaving logging slash greater than 6 inches in diameter in a perennial stream.
C. Crossing streams at 90 degree angles
D. Routing skid trails along the contour of the slope.
16. There are many methods to harvest timber silviculturally. Which method below is not a
silviculturally sound timber harvesting method?
A. single-tree selection harvest
B. clear cut
C. third row thinning
D. diameter-limit harvest
17. This exotic invasive shrub, labeled #17, has been planted as a landscape shrub, and birds
have spread its seed causing it to spread uncontrollably in some areas. What is it?
A. hazelnut
B. dogwood
C. bush honeysuckle
D. elderberry
18. This tree, labeled #18, is often planted in strip mine reclamation areas like this one. It
grows well in both compacted and wet soils. It is also good for stream bank stabilization. What
is it?
A. sycamore
B. cottonwood
C. alder
D. tree-of-heaven
19. Look at the tree labeled #19. What is it?
A. tree-of-heaven
B. locust
C. cherry
D. alder
20. Hardwoods are typically bought and sold by the board foot. What is a board foot visualized
as?
A. A board 12 inches long by 12 inches wide by 2 inches thick
B. A board 12 inches long by 12 inches wide by 1 inch thick
C. A board 8 feet long by 4 inches wide by 2 inches thick
D. A board 12 inches long by 12 inches wide by 12 inches thick
21. The primary means of dispersal for seed from the yellow-poplar tree is:
A. water
B. wind
C. squirrels
D. Birds
22. Using the Biltmore stick, measure tree #22 to the nearest inch. What is the diameter?
a. 18 inches
b. 16 inches
c. 20 inches
d. 22 inches
23. Tree #22 measures 1 merchantable log in height. Using the Biltmore stick, how many
board feet does this tree contain?
a. 135 bf
b. 100 bf
c. 174 bf
d. 128 bf
24. Using the Ohio Timber Price Report spring 2014 mean for the southeast region, what is the
value of tree #22.
a. $14.85
b. $29.03
c. $11.00
d. $12.15
25. Since 2003 a non-native pest has been attacking this native tree (#25) in Ohio. Now this
pest has been found throughout the state and is moving across the nation. What is the pest?
a. Dutch elm disease
b. Asian long-horned beetle
c. emerald ash borer
d. walnut twig beetle
26.
is the process that trees use to draw water & nutrients into their roots
and will also cause fertilizer or road salt burn in plants that are exposed to high salts.
a. Evapo-transpiration
b. Respiration
c. Diffusion
d. Osmosis
27. How deep should mulch be around trees when planted?
a. 2-4 inches with 2-4 inches free around the trunk
b. 2-4 inches
c. 3-6 inches
d. 4-6 inches
28. Tree staking
a. sometimes reduces caliper growth in the first year and is not always necessary.
b. usually keeps trees from falling over and will increase caliper growth.
c. usually results in increased diameter and height growth in the first year.
d. is best when the tree is firmly held upright and will increase root growth.
29. Urban Forestry is defined as
a. the care and management of a population of trees in an urban area.
b. the planting, pruning and removal of trees in an urban area.
c. is the design of outdoor public areas, landmarks, and structures to achieve
environmental, social behavioral, or aesthetic outcomes.
d. is the science or practice of planting, managing, and harvesting of forests.
30. Pruning trees
a. should be done annually during the course of a tree’s service life.
b. should never remove more than 25% of the live canopy at one time.
c. should remove more than 25% of the live canopy so that you don’t have to revisit that
tree.
d. should never be done unless the tree has sustained storm damage.