EXCLUSIVE - Flashback to the 90s - Building an inclusive Internet | 2016-11-09 | OpenGovAsia
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LEADERSHIP / DIGITAL INCLUSION / INNOVATION / DIGITAL
TRANSFORMATION / SINGAPORE
EXCLUSIVE - Flashback to the
90s - Building an inclusive
Internet
EXPERT OPINION
EXCLUSIVE Time for 21s
Century
Government
Chris Moore
OpenGov in conversation with Dr. Tan Tin Wee, a pioneer whose innovations shaped the
nature of the Internet.
09/11/2016
EXCLUSIVE What to look
for in your
new Chief
Digital Ofcer
By Priyankar Bhunia
Chris Moore
Insights into
IoT
development
in the AsiaPacifc region
Dean Koh
Fighting
cybersecurity
threats
through User
Behaviour
Analytics and
Defense in
Depth
approach
Priyankar Bhunia
Dr. Tan Tin Wee’s resume is that of a quintessential renaissance
man. A trained molecular biologist, he ended up introducing the
Internet and the Web to Singapore. He led the first Internet service
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EXCLUSIVE - Flashback to the 90s - Building an inclusive Internet | 2016-11-09 | OpenGovAsia
provider, Technet Unit, National University of Singapore (NUS), for
academia and research in the country.
SOLUTIONS HUB
His innovations made the Internet accessible to people using nonLatin scripts around the world and facilitated global sharing of
scientific information. Fortinet
Unisys
A roving intellect led him to keep pushing the boundaries of
technology, streaming live video from Singapore around the world,
while the Internet was still in its infancy and developing prototypes for
online stock trading and e-commerce.
He was an inaugural inductee into the Internet Hall of Fame in 2012,
along with the Fathers of the Internet, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn, the
father of the web, Tim Berners-Lee and US Vice President Al Gore.
He was the only Singaporean and one of three Asians in this
illustrious group.
At the moment, among his several positions is the role of Director at
the National Supercomputing Centre (NSCC) in Singapore.
Red Hat
MORE LISTINGS 
EVENTS
WHEN 17/11/2016
WHERE Melbourne
Victoria OpenGov Leadership
Forum 2016
Victoria OpenGov Leadership Forum 2016 Enabling Digital Transformation within the
Victorian Government
In the first instalment of this two-part interview, we talk to Dr. Tan
about his accomplishments during the early days of the Internet. In the second part, he tells us what is engaging his mind at present
and how he visualises the not-too-distant future.
When asked him about his milestones, Dr. Tan summarised
his achievements saying, “At a personal level, it’s about
making a difference in the way I think about information.
From the perspective of my research community, the most
important achievement was enabling researchers to search
scientific data online with ease and convenience, by creating
some of the earliest online biological databases."
WHEN 22/02/2017
WHERE Jakarta
Indonesia OpenGov
Leadership Forum 2017
Indonesia OpenGov Leadership Forum 2017
- Towards a Smarter Safer Indonesia
WHEN 23/03/2017
WHERE Sepang Utara
Malaysia OpenGov
Leadership Forum 2017
Malaysia OpenGov Leadership Forum 2017
- Collaborate, Innovate, Transform
For the country, it was about getting a headstart in terms of
entering the Internet Age. From a global perspective, it was
to drive innovations and the adoption of new Internet
features.”
MORE EVENTS 
A paradigm shift in scientific research
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EXCLUSIVE - Flashback to the 90s - Building an inclusive Internet | 2016-11-09 | OpenGovAsia
Dr. Tan played a key role in ensuring that scientific information, data,
literature and software was available on the web. Describing the
paradigm shift he said, “You no longer had to go to a physical
location in order to interrogate databases and retrieve information.”
The community also acquired the ability to publish information online
and share it with anyone around the world.
As a molecular biologist in the department of biochemistry at NUS
since 1990, he pioneered the use of biological databases, which were
searchable using a text indexing system called WAIS (Wide Area
Information Server). It was subsequently combined with the Gopher
Protocol developed at the University of Minnesota, that allowed
distributing, searching, and retrieving documents. In 1992, the first
Gopher website was set up in Singapore. In September 1993, he set up Singapore’s first website,
which was a biological
database, biomed.nus.sg (bic.nus.edu.sg today). This led to
the establishment of the bioinformatics centre in 1996. Dr.
Tan was the founding director.
Dr. Tan was also involved in setting up mirror sites, because
all the data sites back then were largely in the
west. Collaboration with http://bio-mirror.net/ became
another key milestone, in 1998. It allowed researchers in the
region to easily access the data.
Dr. Tan also helped to create the Cyberspace Hospital for Prof K.C.
Lun (former President of the International Medical Informatics
Association). It provided access to global health information
resources on the Internet using a virtual hospital setting,
foreshadowing the wealth of online hospital resources and medical
information today.
Bridging the digital divide
Multi-lingual text, domain names and email addresses
Before 1995, non-Latin characters couldn’t be displayed on
the Internet’s Web browser graphical interface.
Only ASCII characters could be displayed. As a result, a
large percentage of the world’s population, who use nonhttp://www.opengovasia.com/articles/7217-exclusive---flashback-to-the-90s---building-an-inclusive-internet[17/11/2016 10:07:47 AM]
EXCLUSIVE - Flashback to the 90s - Building an inclusive Internet | 2016-11-09 | OpenGovAsia
Latin scripts, couldn’t publish information in their own
language script on the Internet.
Different communities adhered to their own encoding systems, for
example, the Japanese Shift JIS and the Chinese GB. Dr. Tan and
his team at the Internet Research and Development Unit (IRDU) in
NUS were involved in the early days of adopting Unicode as a
standard. At that time Unicode was in its infancy and few realised its
potential in handling text of almost all of the world's writing systems
as it does today.
In 1994-95, they displayed Chinese characters dynamically on the
World Wide Web. This was followed by Tamil. In 1995, the team
produced a four-language website, displaying the Singaporean
pledge in four official languages, English, Tamil, Chinese and Malay.
In 1996, Dr. Tan worked with Prof. V.K. Samaranayake, considered
the "Father of Information Technology" in Sri Lanka and Prof. S.T.
Nandasara from the University of Colombo, Dr. Tan helped create
a trilingual website, www.lk, which is still in existence today. The work
was published in INET'97, in a paper entitled 'Trilingual SinhalaTamil-English National Website of Sri Lanka'. There was still the barrier of domain names. The Internet
disenfranchised were being forced to key in English characters, which
they could hardly recognise on the keyboard, in order to access a
website in their own language. It took over a decade for standardisation and adoption because the
western community had objections regarding the necessity or the
methods. The delay forced communities to learn English. It turned out
to be an inadvertent benefit, as English is effectively the global lingua
franca.
Finally, after more than a decade of lobbying, this domain name
standard has been adopted by ICANN (Internet Corporation for
Assigned Names and Numbers) in support of their slogan, “One
World. One Internet”.
Introducing the Internet to the disabled
Dr. Tan was also involved in introducing the Internet to the disabled.
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EXCLUSIVE - Flashback to the 90s - Building an inclusive Internet | 2016-11-09 | OpenGovAsia
In line with his inclusive vision of the Internet, he was determined to
ensure that no one got left behind in accessing the benefits of the
online world, just because of a physical impairment.
He personally set up the modems, routers and network cards for the
Singapore School for the Deaf (SSD), the first primary school in
Singapore to get Internet access, because he believed in early
intervention.
These children had to look at each other and communicate through
hand signals. Dr. Tan said, “Imagine the delight on their faces when I
introduced to them, something as simple as IRC (Internet relay chat).
This was in 1994. Before any of the mainstream primary schools
introduced Internet, I had brought the Internet to this special
education primary school. For the first time in their lives, these kids
were able to talk to each other, without having to look at each other.”
Later other disability schools also joined in. Seeing a Braille printer at
the Singapore School for the Visually Handicapped, Dr. Tan tried to
take Project Gutenberg’s treasure trove of digital books and
automatically map the text and translate into Braille, without
necessarily having any human intervention. He was also appointed to the board of International Centre for
Disability Resources on the Internet (ICDRI).
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EXCLUSIVE - Flashback to the 90s - Building an inclusive Internet | 2016-11-09 | OpenGovAsia
Unicasting and Multicasting
On 9th of August, 1994, the National Day parade in Singapore was
broadcast live to students in Tasmania, Chicago and Cambridge.
After watching the parade, they were interviewed live for the 9’o clock
news. The live TV feed from Singapore Broadcasting Corporation
(SBC), was streamed using multi-casting and uni-casting.
Back then, it was unprecedented to have video interviewing
over the Internet. At that time, only NASA streamed live
video via CU-SeeMe for public consumption. Even BBC was
not videocasted.
The team used a combination of unicast CU-SeeMe for Mac users
and RAT and VIC (respectively standing for Robust Audio Tool and
Videoconferencing tool) multicasting for Unix plaforms. CU-SeeMe
was an early Internet videoconferencing client, which could make
point to point video calls without a server or make multi-point calls
through server software called a "reflector". Dr. Tan talked about the
excitement, “We told all our friends by email that we are doing this
incredible thing. Can you guys set up your CU-SeeMe reflectors?”
Online stock exchange and e-commerce prototype
Dr. Tan also worked on developing an online simulated stock
exchange for Singapore, Project StockNet, in which they collected
data from the Stock Exchange and converted it into a stock trading
engine. This StockNet project was published as conference papers in
1995 and 1997. In 1996, Phillip POEMS (Phillip's Online Electronic
Mart System) was launched. Charles Schwab in the US later came
out with their own web trading solutions.
Adding to the long list of milestones, Dr. Tan worked on a project for
an e-commerce prototype. They developed an online pizza ordering
system, using Common Gateway Interface (CGI). GIF stacking
images were used so that people could order the toppings. The
ordering system was connected to a fax that would send a request to
deliver your food to any location.
Dr. Tan was overseeing Singapore's first ISP, called Technet, for
research and academic use, as the third Head, from 1994 to 1995.
He oversaw its commercialisation in 1995 to become Pacific Internet
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EXCLUSIVE - Flashback to the 90s - Building an inclusive Internet | 2016-11-09 | OpenGovAsia
under Sembawang Media. He led Technet to offer the first graphical
interface access using SLIP and PPP technology before Windows 95
provided a built-in TCP/IP stack in the operating system. Today Singapore is at the forefront of digital transformation,
leveraging technology to transform society and individual lives. In the
next part of the interview, we look at Dr. Tan’s vision and plans for
taking his research community and his nation to the next level. The second part of the interview: Flash-forward to the future of
research: Bringing together supercomputing, virtualisation,
automation and deep learning
Priyankar Bhunia
Priyankar is based out of our Singapore office and is part of the editorial team.
An engineer and MBA by education, he has prior experience in investment
banking, media and tech startups. He spends his spare time reading and
rambling.
RECENT ARTICLES BY Priyankar Bhunia
MAS announces proof-of-concept project to use blockchain technology
for inter-bank payments
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security and privacy safeguards
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ground-up into a new digital hospital
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EXCLUSIVE - Flash-forward to the future of research: Bringing together supercomputing, virtualisation, automation and deep learning | 2016-11-13 | OpenGov...
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INNOVATION / BIG DATA ANALYTICS / SINGAPORE / DATA CENTRES
EXCLUSIVE - Flash-forward to
the future of research:
Bringing together
supercomputing, virtualisation,
automation and deep learning
Dr. Tan Tin Wee talks about challenges in the supercomputing arena and shares his
vision of the future of research.
13/11/2016
By Priyankar Bhunia
EXPERT OPINION
EXCLUSIVE - Time
for 21s Century
Government
Chris Moore
EXCLUSIVE What to look for in
your new Chief
Digital Ofcer
Chris Moore
Insights into IoT
development in
the Asia-Pacifc
region
Dean Koh
Fighting
cybersecurity
threats through
User Behaviour
Analytics and
Defense in Depth
approach
Priyankar Bhunia
VIEW MORE 
In this second part of the interview (read the first part here), Dr. Tan
Tin Wee tells us what is engaging his mind at present. He shares
his vision of the not-too-distant future, with supercomputers
built in housing developments and a seamless bench-tobedside flow to dynamically create precise personalised
SOLUTIONS HUB
Fortinet
Unisys
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EXCLUSIVE - Flash-forward to the future of research: Bringing together supercomputing, virtualisation, automation and deep learning | 2016-11-13 | OpenGov...
medical treatments.
Dr. Tan hasn’t ceased his constant striving to explore and expand
the frontiers of technology. He talks about coming back full cycle,
as technology reaches a point where everything he has worked on
during the past 26 years as a professor in the Department of
Biochemistry in the NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine comes
together to potentially transform healthcare and biomedical
research.
Since June 2015, Dr. Tan has been in the position of Director of the
National Supercomputing Centre (NSCC) in Singapore.
Red Hat
MORE LISTINGS 
EVENTS
WHEN 17/11/2016
WHERE Melbourne
Victoria OpenGov
Leadership Forum 2016
Victoria OpenGov Leadership Forum 2016
- Enabling Digital Transformation within
the Victorian Government
Smart approach to supercomputing
Wearing his latest hat as Director of the supercomputing centre of
Singapore, Dr Tan explained how Singapore is choosing a smarter
approach to becoming a player in Exascale computing. Singapore
has neither the billions of dollars to throw at such a challenge, nor
does it have problems that can reach that scale, at least, not yet.
WHEN 22/02/2017
WHERE Jakarta
Indonesia OpenGov
Leadership Forum 2017
Indonesia OpenGov Leadership Forum
2017 - Towards a Smarter Safer Indonesia
However, there would be requirements to crunch genomic
information, which is not as ‘big data’ as nuclear physics or Hadron
Collider type projects, but still needs significant computational
power.
One possibility is to work on genomic precision medicine interfacing
with hospital healthcare delivery. WHEN 23/03/2017
WHERE Sepang Utara
Malaysia OpenGov
Leadership Forum 2017
Malaysia OpenGov Leadership Forum
2017 - Collaborate, Innovate, Transform
MORE EVENTS 
The Long Fat Pipe Problem
Today we have access to terabytes of portable hard drives for a
few hundred dollars. Storage is cheap. And massive amounts of
data are being generated as the world gets more and more
connected. But the speed with which the Internet can support big
data transfers over global distances has remained severely limited.
One terabyte of data cannot be transferred from one global location
to another through the Internet in a reasonable timeframe. Today, it
is probably still cheaper to ship terabytes in a hard disk drive via
courier.
Over global distances the data throughput suffers from the
so-called Long Fat Pipe problem (bandwidth-delay
product). Unless there is careful tuning, increasing the
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EXCLUSIVE - Flash-forward to the future of research: Bringing together supercomputing, virtualisation, automation and deep learning | 2016-11-13 | OpenGov...
bandwidth over global distances where there is a long
round-trip time, the throughput drops significantly.
Laying out the contours of the problem, Dr. Tan said,
“TCP/IP is a cold war technology. It is a communications
protocol. It is not specifically optimised for big data
transmission.
For supercomputers, InfiniBand is already being used as the most
popular interconnect protocol, but only within the confines of HPC
data centres. So Dr. Tan and his team at NSCC explored another
option, long-range InfiniBand. Now, this technology by Obsidian
Strategics has been around since the early 2000s but no one had
deployed it for academic research networks, other than the military,
NASA and a few banks.
Dr. Tan and his team demonstrated that a global network of
InfiniBand interconnections could work, providing a more efficient
protocol for transmitting big data over large trans-oceanic
distances. (OpenGov has previously reported in greater detail on
the work on next-generation networks being done at A*STAR.)
Dr. Tan said, “Now how do we build the infrastructure to allow the
supercomputers talk to each other and compute together on a
single problem. That is our current challenge, how to build a galaxy
of supercomputers, over high speed networks.”
Image representative of NSCC data centre (Courtesy of NSCC)
The cooling problem
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It has been estimated that data centres of the world consume
between 5 to 10% of total electricity consumption. And this is a
growing number. Every time we see an email attachment or we
share a video clip on Whatsapp, it is stored on a spinning disk
somewhere and this disk must continuously spin for the next ten
years at least. Making the data readily accessible, and replicating in
backups in multiple data centres is neither scalable nor
environmentally sustainable, as the world's storage needs grow to
the Yottabyte range. Hence, Dr. Tan is searching for truly creative
solutions.
Like big data storage, densely packed supercomputers also emit a
lot of heat. This could be combined with a heat requiring industrial
system. Better still, the facility could produce cold output to cool
these systems. As an example of this potential industrial symbiosis, Dr.
Tan said, “I want to build my next supercomputer next to
the Singapore LNG receiving terminal in Jurong. They
have minus 162 degrees cold energy which they currently
throw out into the sea. Give me the cold sea water and I
can cool my data centre, without any additional cost. Right
now, we are venting the heat out to the atmosphere,
contributing to global warming, which the LNG plant could
use for regasification of the liquefied natural gas.”
The low grade heat generated from a data centre which is
otherwise pretty useless, could actually provide hot water
supply for domestic uses. Thus, housing estates could
actually house supercomputers using long-range InfiniBand
connections.
The future of research- Bringing it all together
Dr. Tan feels he has come full circle now in his journey, “The last
25 years of my working life has been characterised by very
interesting developments. I never imagined as molecular biologist
that I would run an Internet service provider. But I did and I
innovated on it. It helped the bioinformatics community. Now I am
running a supercomputing centre. And I am thinking of combining
HPC with the Internet, with biology, and with hospital health care
information to provide better health care for an ever-increasingly
aging population. It is about putting all the disparate pieces
together.”
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EXCLUSIVE - Flash-forward to the future of research: Bringing together supercomputing, virtualisation, automation and deep learning | 2016-11-13 | OpenGov...
Dr. Tan said that he would like to build a research lab of the future
on top of this green and globally interconnected supercomputer
network. In 1992-93, before the Internet era, he wrote in an article
that researchers will need not go to the library to search for the
latest journals. They will be able to search, download and read
scientific literature instantaneously. Today it is a given.
In his words, this is the what the future of research could look like:
“Today I would like to make another prediction. Soon
research scientists will be able to carry out research at the
speed of thought. You think about the scientific
experiment, interrogate databases, design the experiment
and you ‘order’ it. Virtual laboratories,
like transcriptic.com and emeraldcloudlabs.com have
already started offering their services online.
The results will be generated by technicians controlling
robots working in virtualised highly inter-connected
scientific laboratories. Quality of service agreements would
guarantee you the best results each time. Of course, you
must incorporate experimental control, and check the
provenance of the data sets. The resulting data sets can
be aggregated and placed in searchable data banks. They
can also be sent to deep learning engines.
Using the bench-to-bedside (research bench to hospital
bedside) workflows and computational pipelines, we can
create personalised medical treatments dynamically and
with great precision. You can have cures developed on the
fly. The scientists and the doctors will be working together
to discover what disease the person is suffering from,
based on genomic analysis. Drugs and vaccines will be
designed with molecular modelling and machine learning.
Then an automated laboratory will be able to verify and
deliver experimental results to ensure that the treatment
given to that patient is safe and will lead to a good
prognosis.
That is the future I would like to be actively involved
in: Research at the speed of thought.”
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EXCLUSIVE - Flash-forward to the future of research: Bringing together supercomputing, virtualisation, automation and deep learning | 2016-11-13 | OpenGov...
Priyankar Bhunia
Priyankar is based out of our Singapore office and is part of the editorial
team. An engineer and MBA by education, he has prior experience in
investment banking, media and tech startups. He spends his spare time
reading and rambling.
RECENT ARTICLES BY Priyankar Bhunia
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