Chromosome, Mitosis and Meiosis Study Guide Vocabulary
1. Cell cycle 8. Centromere 15. Somatic cell/diploid 21. Crossing over 2. Mitosis 9. Apoptosis 16. Gamete/haploid 22. Gametogenesis (including egg and 3. Cytokinesis 10. Cancer 17. Homologous sperm) chromosomes 4. Chromosome 11. Benign 18. Fertilization 5. Histone 12. Malignant 19. Meiosis 6. Chromatin 13. Carcinogen 20. Synapsis 7. Chromatid 14. Stem cell Chromosomes and Karyotyping (First part of Sections 5.2 and 6.1) 1. Know the structure of chromosomes and what they are composed of. 2. Understand Karyotypes. Why are they important? What can they tell us? 3. Be able to tell the number of chromosomes in a haploid cell (gamete) or diploid cell (somatic) of any given karyotype (see example below) 4. Be able to write the notation for a karyotype that has an abnormalitity (missing or extra chromosome). The Cell Cycle and Mitosis (Sections 5.1 and 5.2) 1. Be able to indentify and describe the five stages of the cell cycle if given pictures (see below, these are not in any order). 2. Know each stage of mitosis and follow a chromosome through the entire process so that you understand what exactly happens. Be very specific here (for example, where do spindle fibers attach? How do chromatids separate?) 3. Know the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis. What stage of mitosis does cytokinesis begin? 4. What is the result of mitosis? Regulation of the Cell Cycle (Section 5.3) 1. What are the checkpoints that a cell must go through in the cell cycle and why are they important? 2. Describe how uncontrolled cell division is dangerous in organisms. 3. Compare and contrast benign and malignant tumors. 4. Why is apoptosis important in development? (YOUR QUIZ WILL COVER THE ABOVE, WHILE THE TEST WILL COVER THE ENTIRE GUIDE) Multicellular Life (Section 5.5) 1. List, from smallest to largest, the following: organ, tissue, organ system, cell. How do these work together? 2. What is the difference between differentiation and determination? 3. Identify the different types of stem cells. 4. Know the difference between each type of stem cells and why there are ethic issues in regards to stem cell research. Chromosomes and the Process of Meiosis (Section 6.1 and 6.2) 1. What are homologous chromosomes? Are they identical? Explain. 2. Why are “synapsis” and “crossing over” important in meiosis? 3. What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? 4. Compare and contrast the two rounds of division in meiosis. Know what happens at each stage.