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EAST ASIA III
Mongolia
(Chapter 9, pages 332-341)
• Steppe and desert physical environment
• Sparsely populated with an estimated 2.7 million
inhabitants
• Part of the Chinese Empire from late 1600s until
1911
• Functions as a buffer state
• Became a People’s Republic in the 1920s
• Free elections in 1990
• Economy is focused on herding and animal products
The Jakota Triangle
 Japan, Korea, Taiwan
 Characteristics
JaKoTa
Triangle
– Great cities
– Enormous consumption of raw materials, many
imported
– State-of-the-art industries
– Voluminous exports
– Global links
– Trade surpluses
– Rapid development
 Challenges
– Social problems
– Political uncertainties
– Vulnerabilities
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Japan
•Transportation
•Resources
•Cities
Meiji Restoration: Modernization in Japan
• 1868 Rebellion brought in reformers, after centuries
of isolation
• Reinstated the emperor and began to transform Japan
from a feudal society with pre-machine age
technology to an industrial power
• Capital moved from Kyoto (inland) to Tokyo (on coast)
• Adopted aspects of the British model
• Launched a systematic study of the industrialized
world
• Focus was on industrialization and education system
A. WinklerPrins
Expansionist Japan
 Taiwan
1895
 Korea
1910
 Pacific Islands
post–World War I
 Manchuria
(Northeastern China) 1931
 China
1937
 Hong Kong
1939
 Southeast Asia
1941
All conquered territories lost
at end of World War II (1945)
Japan’s
Core Area
Note most agriculture
and manufacturing in
coastal areas.
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Declining
Japanese Population
•
•
•
•
•
•
Population:
Birth rate:
Death rate:
Natural Increase:
Life expectancy:
Urbanization:
128 million*
9 births/1,000
9 deaths/1,000
0%
79 (M), 86 (F)
79%
Korea: North
and South
Superimposed
boundary along
cease-fire line
in Korean War
* Predicted to decline to 121 million by 2025
Korea
• The size of Idaho but with a population of 74.4 million
total for both Koreas
• Turbulent political history:
– A dependency of China
– A colony of Japan
– Divided along the 38th parallel by Allied Powers after
World War II (1945)
– Korean War (1950-1953)
– Cease-fire line established in1953 (no peace treaty)
• Currently one nation but two states
North-South Contrasts
• North Korea
– Antiquated state enterprises
– Inefficient, non-productive agriculture, much hunger,
even famines
– Limited trade – former Soviet Union and China
– Nuclear power – “axis of evil”
– Regional threat
• South Korea
– Modern factories
– Intensive, increasingly mechanized agriculture
– Extensive trade – U.S., Japan, and Western Europe
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The Koreas
Land Use Patterns
• Population
25,500,000
48,900,000
• Life expectancy
68 (M)/73 (F)
74 (M)/81 (F)
• GNI/capita
~$ 1,000
$ 21,850
• Agriculture
restrictive
good
• % Urban
60
82
Taiwan
• Also known as Formosa
• Very mountainous
• Approximate area: 36,260
sq. km (14,000 sq. mi.)
• Population: 22.9 million
• 78% urbanized
• Per capita income:
>$16,250
• Strong and diverse
economy
• Free market democracy
Rugged Mountains
Industrial Area
Main Rice Producing
Secondary Rice Producing
Free Trade Zone
Note more rice-producing land in South.
Taiwan
• Historical background:
– A Chinese province for centuries
– Colonized by Japan in 1895
– Returned to China after World War II
– 1949: Chinese Nationalists (supported by the
U.S.) fled from the mainland and established the
Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan
• The Future of Taiwan
– Regarded by China as a “wayward” province
– Possible flashpoint
– Trade as integrating force
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