REBASING THE CONSUMER PRICE INDEX
(CPI),
JUNE 2004
MALE’ CPI
January 2007
Table of Contents
I. CPI system in the Maldives
II - Rebasing of CPI
A – The 2004-Based CPI series
B – Linking of Historical series
C – Comparison between 1995 based and 2004 based CPI
C.1 – comparison of the most recent year, 2006
D – Data dissemination
Appendices
Appendix I: CPI
- What is CPI and what does it measure?
- The main use of CPI
- Scope of CPI
- Structure of CPI
- Price collection
- Computation of Indices
Appendix II: CPI basket with weights for Male’ by COICOP, June 2004
Appendix III: Monthly CPI for Male’, 2005
Appendix IV: Monthly Inflation Rates for Male’, 2005
Appendix V: Monthly CPI for Male’, 2006
Appendix VI: Monthly Inflation Rates for Male’, 2006
Appendix VII: Linked CPI series with June 2004=100 as Base
Appendix VIII: Figure 2: Inflation rates by major categories, 2006
Figure 3: Monthly Inflation Rates, 2006
Tables and Figures in the text
Table 1: Weighting Pattern of CPI, 2004 based and 1995 based, Male’
Table 2: Number of items in the CPI basket
Table 3: CPI, Male’ and Inflation rates for 2004 and 2005, with both base periods
Table 4: CPI, Male’ and inflation rates, 2006
Figure 1: Weights, June 1995=100 and June 2004=100
2
I. CPI system in the Maldives
1.1
Consumer Price Index has been one of the oldest indicators produced by the Ministry of
Planning and National Development. CPI has been compiled on a monthly basis since 1981.
Initially when the compilation started, there were 81 items in the CPI basket which comprises of
goods and services.
1.2
CPI has been revisited and rebased two times in 1995 and 2004 since its initial
compilation. Each time the rebasing was carried out when it was felt that there were significant
changes in the consumption pattern of its populace and consequently the CPI basket needs to be
updated to accommodate these changes and reflect the current consumption patterns. Both the
times the new basket selection and rebasing was carried out based on the Household Income and
Expenditure Surveys, conducted in 1993 and 2002/2003. Weights were calculated based on the
expenditure pattern of the households surveyed in the surveys while the items were chosen on the
basis of its significance in the consumer’s expenditure. Prior to the recent rebasing carried out
under the technical assistance of Asian Development Bank Capacity Building for the National
Statistical System TA No. 4103-MLD, a first rebasing was carried out with IMF technical
assistance in 1995.
1.3
Initially CPI was calculated using Microsoft Excel but with the first rebasing IMF
introduced Excel based statistical software for the purpose. This package was quite simple in its
use and was capable of implementing the Laspeyres formula in accordance with international
standards and also imputes any missing elementary price index for a given period using the
change of the index for the relevant grouping using non-missing elementary indices.
1.4
With the most recent rebasing, new software was introduced for the purpose of CPI
calculation. The new system is based on specially designed software for price and quantity
indices, Prima.
II - Rebasing of CPI
2.1
The consumer price index of the Maldives has been rebased in 1995 and 2004 since the
index calculation began in 1981. The latest revision was based on the results of the Household
Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) conducted between September 2002 and June 2003.
2.2
This paper presents the methodology used for rebasing of CPI series using the updated
weighting pattern. An overview of the concept and definition as well as uses of CPI, and its
compilation are presented as APPENDIX I with the weighting pattern for 2004 based CPI as well
as a detailed list of items selected for pricing as APPENDIX II.
A - The 2004-Based CPI series
2.3
To reflect changes in the expenditure of private households, the composition of goods
and services as well as the weighting pattern for the CPI has to be revised every five years,
according to international recommendations. But, this is not possible in the Maldives as a large
countrywide HIE survey needs to be conducted in order to revise the weights and basket. Hence,
3
in the Maldives this process has been very irregular. The most recent revision took place 10 years
after the last revision.
2.4
The objective of a CPI revision is basically to review the weighting pattern of the CPI,
the basket of goods and services priced and overcome any methodological hiccups.
2.5
The weighting pattern of CPI shows the relative importance of each item in the basket of
goods and services, that is their share as a proportion of total household expenditure. HIES
enumerated around 880 households of which Male’ accounted for about 32%. More than 80% of
the household’s information was utilised in calculating the weights for CPI.
2.6
The base period for the new CPI series is June 2004. The expenditure values obtained
from HIES 2002/03 were updated to 2004 June price levels by taking into account the price
changes between these periods.
2.7
Table 1 shows the weighting pattern for 2004 based CPI. The corresponding weighting
pattern for 1995 is also presented.
Table 1: Weighting Pattern of CPI, 2004 based and 1995 based, Male’
Food, beverages and tobacco
Food, beverages and tobacco excl. fish
Fish and fish products
Non-food items
Clothing and footwear
Housing, water, electricity, gas etc.
Furnishing, equipment and maintenance
Medical care and health expenses
Transport and communication
Transport*
Communication*
Recreation and culture
Education
Miscellaneous goods and services
Religion*
Total
CPI weights (‘04)
CPI weights (‘95)
30.86
36.87
25.91
30.83
4.95
6.04
69.14
63.13
5.01
9.78
25.15
14.91
5.73
8.31
5.64
2.48
13.84
11.01
5.98
7.86
4.30
3.15
3.10
8.61
6.15
4.88
0.22
100.0
100.0
* No base weights available for 1995.
4
Figure 1: Changes in Male' CPI weights,1995 and 2005
40
35
30
37
CPI weights 1995
31
CPI weights 2004
25
%
25
20
15
15
10
10
8
5
11
6
14
6
2
5
9
3 4
3
5 6
Miscellaneous goods and
services
Education
Recreation and culture
Transport and communication
Medical care and health expenses
Furnishing, equipment and
maintenance
Housing, water, electricity, gas etc.
Clothing and footwear
Food, beverages and tobacco
0
2.8
Over the 10 year period, the weight for food fell by 6 percent from 37 percent to 31
percent in 2004, but continued to account for the highest proportion.
2.9
Housing, water, fuel and power whose weight increased from 15 percent to 25 percent
still remains the second largest group. The higher share of this group can be attributed to the
increased spending on accommodation as well as fuel.
2.10
The share of health care rose by 4 percent reflecting higher expenditure on medical
facilities, especially from private medical institutions. The weight for education declined from 9
percent to 3 percent. This was to some extent due to low prices of text books which were locally
printed as well as low prices on most stationary products as well as due to changes in the
composition of items priced.
2.11
The share of clothing and footwear declined from 10 percent to 5 percent which maybe
attributed largely to the price decline in most clothing products due to the competition in the
clothing business in the country. The same goes for furniture and fixtures group which declined
expenditures by 2 percent.
2.12
The increase in transport and communication shares by 3 percent in CPI may be
attributed to the increase in expenditure by mobile users, which has increased drastically in the
recent years.
5
2.13
Recreation and entertainment also increased by 2 percent while personal care now
depicted in miscellaneous goods category increase only one percent.
2.14
New sample of items in the basket has expanded the basket from 121 items to 200 items
in the 2004 based CPI basket.
Table 2: Number of items in the CPI basket
Sl. COICOP
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
01, 02 & 11
01.1.3
03
04
05
06
07-08
07.
08.
09
10
12
Food, beverages and tobacco
Fish and fish products
Clothing and footwear
Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels
Furnishing, equipment and maintenance
Medical care and health expenses
Transport and communication
Transport
Communication
Recreation and culture
Education
Personal care, miscellaneous goods and services
Religious activities
Total
Number of items
Current
New
series
series
42
73
6
8
7
16
11
12
17
22
5
13
11
17
10
7
6
18
6
2
10
18
1
121
200
2.15
Minor methodological changes have been applied to the new series. This has been part
and parcel of using PRIMA to compile CPI. Prima uses the standard Laspeyres formula which
compares the price for the current period with that of the base period every time and hence if an
error occurred it only affects that period’s index only. Previously it was the modified Laspeyres
which was used for which if any error occurred during any one year this error is passed on to the
other years as well.
B- Linking of Historical Series
2.16
To facilitate comparison of price changes over time, historical CPI data series were
linked to the 2004-based CPI data series at the new reference period (June2004). The linked
series was compiled using “splicing method” with June 2004 as base period. The historical
series is provided as APPENDIX V.
2.17
An analysis of the historical series shows that from 1995 to 2001 there is no difference in
the inflation rates as expected with the splicing methodology used. However, from 2002
onwards the rates are different from the previous base period rates. From 2002 onwards the
new basket has been applied, and for those items without any prices (because for 2002 we
were following the 121 item basket for data collection) an average of the group was utilized.
Hence the difference in the inflation rates in the linked series.
6
C - Comparison between 1995 based and 2004 based CPI
2.18
Unlike the previous sections in this report, from this point onward, COICOP breakdowns
will be used to make comparison as this will be the format that CPI will be compiled from
2007 onwards.
The following table shows the differences in the two series for the years 2004 and 2005.
Table 3: CPI, Male’ and Inflation rates for 2004 and 2005, with both base periods
1995based
2004
2005
99.73
103.38
97.57
102.59
78.95
88.17
*1/
*1/
*1/
*1/
*1/
*1/
100.49
100.19
101.2
107.53
1995based 2004based
2004based
inflation
inflation
2004
2005
2005
2005
101.39
100.05
3.7
1.3
98.86
104.95
5.1
6.2
87.33
96.65
11.7
10.7
101.53
107.45
5.8
100.31
100.87
0.6
101.03
103.63
2.6
101.07
104.11
-0.3
3.0
101.68
102.78
6.3
1.1
Total
Food And Non-Alcoholic Beverages
1. Fish
2. Other Food
3. Non-alcoholic beverages
Tobacco and Narcotics
Clothing and Footwear
Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas, Etc
Furnishings, Household Equipment,
Etc
100.06
101.13
99.19
104.06
1.1
4.9
Health
100.14
100.9
100.25
100.56
0.8
0.3
Transport and Communication
100.94
109.05
*2/
8.0
*2/
102.18
114.04
Transport
*3/
11.6
*3/
94.59
78.15
Communications
*3/
-17.4
*3/
Recreation and Culture
99.27
101.44
99.18
91.19
2.2
-8.1
Education
100.89
101.8
100.09
101.85
0.9
1.8
99.53
95.91
Hotels, Cafés and Restaurants
*1/
-3.6
*1/
Miscellaneous Goods and Services
104.73
99.38
103.87
100.87
-5.1
-2.9
100
100.00
Religion
*4/
0.0
*4/
*1/ breakdowns were not calculated in the 1995 based CPI, all included in food and beverages
*2/ two groups have been separated out in the 2004 based index, aggregate not available
*3/ breakdowns were not calculated in the 1995 based CPI, both aggregated in Transport and communication
group
*4/ newly introduced group, previously came under personal goods and services alias miscellaneous goods
and services
2.18
The lower growth rate in the 2004 based CPI is the result of major changes in the
expenditure pattern captured in the new weights. Also the substantial changes in the composition
of items between and within the major groups play an important role. For instance Clothing and
footwear group, weight has declined by half, but inflation has risen. This maybe attributed to the
fact that the number of items for which data collected has more than doubled for this group and
these new items demands a high price.
2.19
However, for the Housing group, weight has increased from 15 to 25, but the inflation
has declined from 6.3 to 1.1. In the group no change in rent of houses/ rooms was observed
7
during the period, nor were there any change in prices observed for garbage disposal, plywood,
paint, roofing sheet and construction charges. However price of cement, cooking gas, kerosene oil
increased while electricity charges and water charges declined. Hence the slight inflation in this
category could be attributed to the fact that those items with high weights in 2004 basket did not
increase much if at all, with the totaling effect of decline in prices of electricity and water setting
in. The high figure can be attributed to the fact that cement was attached a weight of 1.47 in 1995
basket while it was 0.002 in 2004 basket. Price of cement was observed to be increasing, which
may have been one of the reasons behind the high inflation observed for this category in the 1995
base weighted index.
2.20
Inflation rate of furniture increased from 1.1 to 4.9, while weights declined but the
number of items priced increased from 17 to 22 items.
2.21
In the health category inflation rate declined from 0.8 to 0.3 while both weights and also
the number of items increased which would relate solely to price changes.
2.22
Transport and communication is broken down into two separate sectors in the 2004 based
CPI as each of them separately account for more than 5% of total weights.
2.23
Inflation rates in the category recreation and culture has declined while its weights as
well as number of items increased. This maybe attributed to the fact that prices have declined for
those items such as computers and mobile phones which has the highest weights in the category.
2.24
As for the category Education, inflations rate has increased while weights as well as the
number of items priced declined.
2.25
Inflation rate of miscellaneous good/ personal goods have increased. This maybe
attributed to the fact that weights as well as the number of items priced has increased.
8
C.1 Comparison of the most recent year, 2006
Table 4: CPI weights, index levels and inflation rates, 2006
CPI weights
1995
2004
weights weights
Total
Food And Non-Alcoholic
Beverages
CPI 2006
1995
2004
base
base
Inflation Rates
2006
1995
2004
base
base
100.00
100.00
128.76
104.09
3.59
2.67
36.87
25.91
140.39
108.99
6.81
3.85
6.04
4.95
188.76
90.23
-6.15
(6.64)
20.16
*1/
114.39
6.47
3. Non-alcoholic beverages
2.27
*1/
101.96
1.08
Tobacco and Narcotics
1.91
*1/
108.33
4.54
1. Fish
2. Other Food
Clothing and Footwear
Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas,
Etc
Furnishings, Household
Equipment, Etc
9.78
5.01
96.15
104.71
0.66
0.58
14.91
25.15
119.92
105.56
8.97
2.70
8.31
5.73
109.77
107.09
0.23
2.90
Health
Transport and Communication
2.48
11.01
5.64
109.72
143.52
112.62
*2/
2.93
4.23
11.99
Transport
5.98
*3/
119.84
5.09
Communications
7.86
*3/
70.63
(9.63)
Recreation and Culture
3.15
4.30
98.28
88.61
0.06
(2.84)
Education
8.61
3.10
122.82
106.72
0.56
4.79
1.57
*1/
102.08
6.15
0.22
112.08
*4/
101.34
100.00
Hotels, Cafés and Restaurants
Miscellaneous Goods and Services
Religion
2.26
4.88
6.43
0.46
0.00
2.05
The consumer price inflation for the year is based on the percentage change in the simple
average of yearly Consumer Price Index (CPI) which, according to the index with 2004
base weights accelerated to 2.67 percent in 2006. However, this rate was registered at
3.59 % with the previous base, which was 1995. This maybe attributed to the overall
effect of changes in weights as well as introduction of new items in the new basket.
9
2.27
Food and non-alcoholic beverages group registered a price growth of 3.85% for 2004
based CPI while price increase registered from index with 1995 based almost doubled
with 6.81%. The reasons that contribute to this difference are firstly, the high weight
attached to food group in 1995 based index compared to that of 2004. Secondly, the
increase in number of items in the group almost doubled from 42 to 73. These newly
introduced items demand on average a low price than those items in 1995 basket.
2.28
Fish index, although weights have declined slightly in the 2004 based index, both bases
show a similar trend in price changes. Compared to an year ago prices of fish has
declined by about 6 percentage points in 2006 which is due to large quantities of fish
available in the market during the early parts of 2006.
2.29
Other food, Non-alcoholic beverages being new items in the 2004 based CPI, there is no
way of comparing these rates. However, these items also registered an increase in prices
over the past year, with 6.47% and 1.0% respectively.
2.30
Tobacco and Narcotics is also a new product and it also registered a positive growth in
prices of 4.54%
2.31
In the expenditure groups, clothing and footwear experienced a decline in the weights
attached to the item from 1995 to 2004. However, the rate at which the price grew is not
much different while comparing the two indices. The weight decline effect is
overshadowed by the positive growth in the prices of items represented in this category.
2.32
Housing, Water, Electricity etc is the category with the highest weight in both the base
periods. However, the importance of this category in the expenditures of the nation has
doubled with new weight being 25.25% compared to 14.91% in 1995. However, the
index shows the opposite, 1995 based rates being higher than 2004 based rates, 8.97%
and 2.70%. A number of factors contributed to this difference in the rates. Firstly, the
distribution of weights among the items in the category changed. For instance, weights of
rent, garbage disposal, water and gas increased from 1995 weights while weights of
kerosene, electricity, and roofing sheets declined slightly while cement and plywood
decreased significantly from 1995 weights. On the price issue, for most items whose
weight increased average prices declined. And also prices increased for those items
whose weights declined, especially for cement, plywood, kerosene and electricity.
However, rent and gas which had an increase in weights also registered an increase in
average prices over the previous year.
2.33
Furnishing, Household equipment etc registered an 8.97% growth in inflation with 1995
based index whereas, 2004 based indexed showed a much smaller value of 2.70% the
decline being an effect of the decline in weights in the category.
2.34
Health category registered a slight increase of 2.93% in 1995 based index. However, the
inflation rate with 2004 based was substantially higher at 11.99%. Part of the reasoning
of this difference is due to increase in weight of health in 2004 compared to 1995. In
addition, 8 new items have been introduced in the 2004 based CPI, namely out-patient
10
services, doctors consulting fee (specialist) and some tests and medicines have registered
an increase in prices, whose inclusion has made a substantial impact on the inflation rate.
2.35
Transport and Communications category have been separated out in the 2004 based CPI
to two different categories. To compare the two bases, if we average it out it shows a
decline in the category. This is due to the under representation in the 1995 based CPI of
communication. For instance, compared to 7 items in the 2004 based CPI there were only
2 items in 1995 based series for communication. Furthermore, the newly introduced items
such as internet charges, mobile charges and mobile sets prices have been on the decline
depicting a decline in the inflation rate in the category, communication. The increase in
transport category is offset by the larger decline in communications.
2.36
Recreation and culture also registered opposite directions in inflation rates in the two
bases. Major factors for this difference are newly introduced items in the category.
Number of items have increased from 6 to 18, and prices of these new items such as
computers, TV, recordable CD’s have been on the decline in the year in review and along
with it the weights attached to these in the 2004 based CPI is in general higher than the
comparable items in both the baskets, hence the negative growth in the inflation rate.
However, in 1995 based CPI, film processing, video tapes and audio cassettes prices have
increased while weights for these are considerably higher in this basket.
2.37
Education which experienced a decline in weights in 2004 based compared to 1995 based
registered a much higher inflation rate in the 2004 based CPI. Furthermore, this is the
only category which has fewer items represented in 2004 basket than in 1995 basket
basically due to lower expenditure recorded on education in the HIES 2002/2003. Here
the effect is of tuition fees increasing drastically from Rufiyaa 200 to Rufiyaa 300 which
affects the 2004 based CPI more because of the fewer items in the category.
2.38
Hotel cafés and restaurants as well as religion are two new categories introduced in the
2004 based CPI.
2.39
Personal goods and services in the 1995 based CPI have been replaced by miscellaneous
goods and services in the latter CPI with more items representing the category as well as
a higher weight attached to it. However, the inflation rate registered in the 2004 based
CPI is lower than that of 1995 based. This is the effect of the newly introduced items as
well as those dropped from the previous basket. For instance, item wrist watch, which
had a weight of 0.0021 registered a price increase of 24% which is reflected in the 1995
based series, however this item is not in the 2004 basket and hence does not have any
effect.
D - Data Dissemination
2.40
The 2004 based CPI series commences from June 2004. The linked historical series is
also made available to facilitate comparison. The format of presentation has been revised
for the 2004 based CPI, for international comparability. However, the previous format
will also be published for ease of use until the end of 2006. From 2007 onwards the CPI
will be published with the new base on a monthly basis.
11
III - APPENDIX I: CPI
What is CPI and what does it measures?
3.1
The consumer price index (CPI) is one of the most important statistical indicators, which
not only affects the socio-economic development measures, but also the living condition of the
ordinary people. Theoretically, all consumer goods and services fall under the scope of the CPI,
but practically, its coverage is confined to the ‘Consumer's basket’ which represents the total
household consumption. Even if an individual item is not included in the basket, it is considered
as represented in the basket by other items.
3.2
The CPI measures the changes in the price of a fixed basket of goods and services
commonly purchased by the majority of the households over time. The types and specifications of
the goods and services in the CPI basket as well as their quantities are kept constant at the base
period. This ensures that any changes in the index reflect solely price changes over time.
3.3
The CPI reflects the price movements and not the actual price levels. Suppose the indices
for bread and flour for a particular period are 110 points and 120 points respectively. This does
not mean that flour costs more than bread but it simply implies that the prices of bread and flour
have risen by 10 per cent and 20 per cent respectively since the base period.
3.4
The CPI is also not a Cost of Living Index (COLI). A COLI indicates what one would
need to spend in order to maintain a certain level of satisfaction. Consumers are able to make
substitutions in order to maintain a certain standard of living. It is, however not possible to
determine the level of well being as one’s spending habits change with variation in lifestyle,
market conditions, income levels, consumer preferences, growing affluence, composition of
households etc. This makes it difficult to compile a COLI as there is no objective way of
measuring the above mentioned changes. However, the CPI could be used as a proxy to COLI
when the basket of goods and services and the level of households’ well-being are relatively
stable.
The main use of CPI
3.5
CPI is most commonly used as a macro-economic indicator of inflation. It is also used as
a price deflator in the compilation of real sector statistics and indicators such as GDP at constant
prices.
3.6
In the private business it is also used by employers as a basis of wage revisions in order
to maintain the purchasing power of real wages and salaries.
3.7
Furthermore, it is globally used to compare the inflation rates of the country to that of
other countries.
Scope and Structure of CPI
3.8
The CPI covers all expenditure items commonly consumed by the households.
3.9
The CPI basket contains only the essential and representative goods and services
commonly purchased by the majority of households. It is classified into 12 groups with subgroupings attached to some groups.
12
Price Collection
3.10
The price used for the compilation of the CPI is primarily obtained from the outlets
chosen for the price collection. Prices actually paid by customers, inclusive of all taxes and
service charges are used in the compilation of CPI.
3.11
The two common modes of price collection are postal surveys and phone surveys. For
most of the goods and services such as food and provisions, prices are collected using a preitemized pricing schedule which is posted to the outlet. This specially designed schedule contains
the pre-specified brands and other detailed descriptions of the selected goods/services. For others
such as house rents prices are collected by staff of Statistics section through phone surveys.
Additional information such as fish prices and expatriate labour charges etc are obtained from
respective government authorities.
3.12
The frequency of the survey depends on the price behaviour of the goods or services.
Perishable food items for which prices are volatile are surveyed more frequently in a month while
items with more stable prices are priced monthly. As for government rates and charges they are
monitored as and when the rates change.
Computation of Indices
3.13
The CPI is calculated using the base-weighted Laspeyres’ formula
p1
⎡
⎤
. p0 q0 ⎥
∑
⎢
p
q
∑ 1 0 = ⎢ p0
⎥ * 100
Ip =
p
q
p
q
⎢
∑ 0 0
∑ 0 0 ⎥
⎢
⎥
⎣
⎦
Where
Ip
p1
p0
q0
p1/p0
p0*q0
p1*q0
∑
is the index for period 1 compared with base period
is the price of item j in period 1
is the price of item j in base period 0
is the quantity of item j in base period 0
is the price relative of item j between period 1 and base period 0
is the expenditure on item j in the base period
is the expenditure on the same quantity of item j in period 1
means the summation over all selected items in the basket
The base period P0 of any item refers to the average price in that period. Thus the base period
indices for any item are all equal to 100.00 index points.
3.14
As the CPI is compiled on a monthly basis, the whole year index is derived by taking a
simple average of the 12 months’ indices for the year. Likewise the annual inflation rate for any
year is computed by taking the ratio of the yearly index compared with that of the preceding year.
13
IV - APPENDIX 2: Rents
4. The calculation of rents in the Consumer Price Index (CPI)
4.1 The consumer price index is the most important indicator used in the country to measure the
changes in price affecting the households. The CPI is a monthly index series and most prices
are collected with this frequency. For most items in the basket, there is no difficulty in using
these prices directly in the computations.
4.2 However, the measurement of changes in house rents cannot be done in the same way. The
reason for this is that new rental information does not apply to all the households that live in
rented accommodation, but only for those that make a new rental agreement. In many
countries rents are adjusted every year, but in Maldives the most common agreement is that
rents are fixed for the duration of a lease (which is generally open-ended) and thus only
change when a new tenant moves into an apartment or a house or when the lease expires.
4.3 Until recently, the practice has been to follow a small number of houses and then calculate
the changes in rents based on the changes recorded for those units. As rent changes in the
small sample were rather infrequent, the resulting index did not reflect the changes in the
broader market.
4.4 Therefore, a new procedure has been introduced, which should result in a more realistic
reflection of changes in the market rents from month to month. This procedure is simple but
can be effective.
4.5 In the newspapers, landlords advertise units for rent (there are effectively no real estate agents
in Male’). Staff of Statistics contact the landlords and ask four basic items for information,
namely:
a. New monthly rent for the unit;
b. Previous rent for the unit;
c. Duration of the past lease; and
d. Duration of the new lease
In addition, the amount of deposit and other advances may be noted along with identifying
characteristics.
4.6 Taking a fair number of observations (say ten every week) the three items of information
above can be used to calculate two data items, namely:
The average percentage change in rent; and
The average duration of the previous lease (in months).
Both these items can be calculated as simple averages of the individual observations. For a
cross –check on the average lease duration, the new average duration is also calculated.
4.7 The inverse of the average duration of the previous rent gives the share of the households
affected by the change in rent, which is applied to the percentage change for the sample to
obtain the change for the total population. Thus, if the changes in rents for the units
monitored during the month is 30% and the average duration of the precious rents is 21/2 year
14
,( 30 months), the percentage change in all rents for the month is 1% (1/30th of the rents have
increased by 30%).
4.8 As the number of observations per month is rather small, it is best to calculate the average
duration of precious leases on the basis all previous records ( going back for a period
equivalent to the average length of the leases, In the example given, the past 30 months
would be used in the calculations. As the average duration changes over time (probably
shortening), this approach, can be used to adjust it.
4.9 It maybe noted that if this approach yields regular information on all the three data items
listed, this method is completely independent from other information such as the relative or
absolute size of the rental market. These items only come up when the index is being rebased
from time to time using the results of new household surveys.
4.10
A further improvement can probably be made by using the census information to obtain
the share of the rented apartments by number of rooms and then apply the rent changes at this
lower level of aggregation. However, it likely will not change the numbers significantly as
the mix of houses coming on the market for rental will quite closely reflect the composition
of the housing stock.
4.11
The PRIMA data set will need to be adjusted for rents so that the indices derived from
this information can be entered directly, in effect for a single rental item. The monthly price
change then needs to be linked to the index for the previous month to obtain the new index to
be entered in PRIMA
15
Appendix III: CPI basket with weights for Male’ by COICOP, June 2004
COICOP
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
CPC
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2342001
2342001
2366001
2343002
2343002
2316001
2316001
2312099
2371002
2315002
2112202
2112201
2112201
292001
2111201
2315001
2315001
2291001
2291003
2292001
2211003
2294099
2165001
134901
131001
132002
134101
131007
2154002
2154001
2153003
131006
Item
Code Code Major Groups, Items
1. Food, beverages and tobacco
products excluding fish
1
1 Biscuits
2
1 Bread
3
1 Bread spreads
4
1 Butter Buns
5
2 Buns
6
1 Rice-Basmati
7
2 Rice
8
1 Flour
9
1 Noodles
10
1 Corn Flakes
11
1 Chicken sausage
12
2 Chicken Drumsticks
13
3 Frozen Chicken
14
1 Egg
15
1 Frozen beef
16
1 Baby Food - Cereals
17
2 Baby Food - Fruit
18
1 Baby Milk Powder
19
1 Milk Powder
20
1 Condensed milk
21
2 Dairy milk
22
3 Margarine
23
1 Cooking Oil
24
1 Apple
25
1 Banana
26
1 Orange
27
2 Water melon
28
3 Mango
29
1 Canned Mixed fruits
30
3 Canned Pineapple
31
1 Dates
32
1 Coconut
Male'
weights
out of a
100
25.91
0.49
0.72
0.13
0.04
0.14
0.69
0.57
0.78
0.34
0.14
0.24
0.86
0.45
0.58
0.09
0.27
0.38
0.02
2.40
0.26
0.74
0.17
0.78
0.45
0.43
0.32
0.19
0.37
0.07
0.08
0.18
0.78
16
1
1
1
0.1 1
0.1 1
0.1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
1
2
2
1
1
0.2
0
0
0
0
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
132001
123912
123912
123926
123925
123910
124005
123904
124009
124006
124007
121001
2139001
2139002
122002
1620001
2352001
162010
162002
124008
2391399
2391399
2391199
2140001
2140001
2291005
2342002
2342002
2297099
2449001
2441001
136003
2501001
2399905
2399904
1
0
1
0 0 6329001
6329001
0 1 2152099
0 1 2399501
0 1 2399501
1
1
0 0 2124001
0 0 2124001
33
34
35
1 Lemon
1 Green Chilli
1 Gotheyo Mirus
Mixed Fresh
36
1 Vegetables
37
2 Tomato
38
3 Cucumber
39
4 Carrot
40
5 Cabbage
41
6 Beans
42
7 Garlic
43
8 Ginger
44
1 Potato
45
1 Canned Baked Beans
46
2 Canned Grean peas
47
1 Dhal
48
1 Salt
49
1 Sugar
50
2 Curry Powder
51
4 Chilli Powder (local)
52
1 Onion
53
1 Tea Leaves-tea bag
54
3 Tea Leaves-loose
55
1 Coffee
56
1 Juice-Sun quick
57
2 Juice-Foster Clark
58
1 Milo
59
1 Apollo
60
1 Candy
61
1 Ice cream
62
2 Coke
63
1 Mineral water, bottle
64
1 Aracanut
65
1 Cigarette
66
1 Salty Short eats
67
1 Sweet Short eats
68
1 Meals (Lunch packet)
69
1 Pizza
70
2 Restaurant Meals
71
1 Jam
72
1 Tomato past
73
1 Sauce
2. Fish and fish product
74
1 Canned Fish in oil
75
2 Canned Fish in brine
0.39
0.08
0.32
0.32
0.04
0.07
0.24
0.16
0.07
0.09
0.04
0.21
0.06
0.01
0.13
0.11
0.60
0.27
0.11
0.33
0.24
0.06
0.28
0.61
0.61
0.41
0.06
0.00
0.14
0.14
0.33
0.17
1.74
0.76
0.76
0.38
0.47
0.72
0.11
0.06
0.06
4.95
0.34
0.34
17
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2123001
2124003
2123002
412001
2124099
412003
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
28232
28232
28232
28221
28221
28221
28234
26840
3
0 0
28234
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
28235
29340
29420
29320
29330
29320
29320
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0 7211101
0 7211101
0
69210
0
69110
0
94211
0
33340
0
69120
0
37440
0
31410
0 3511001
0
37440
0
54112
5
5
5
0 0
0 0
38140
38140
5
5
0 0
0 0
38150
38119
76
1 Dried Fish Chips
77
1 Fish Paste
78
1 Smoked fish
79
1 Skipjack tuna
80
1 Other tuna
81
1 Reef fish
3. Clothing and footwear
82
1 Men’s T-Shirt
83
1 Men’s Shirt
84
1 School Uniform
85
1 Men’s Trousers
86
1 Men’s Jeans
87
1 Women’s Jeans
88
1 Women’s T.shirt
89
1 Dress material
Tailoring women's
90
1 blouse
Stitching the national
91
1 dress
92
1 School shoes
93
1 Sport shoes
94
1 Nylon faivaan
95
1 Men's shoes
96
1 Men's sandals
97
1 Women's sandals
4. Housing, water, fuel and power
98
1 Rent (House)
99
2 Rent (Room)
100
1 Water
101
1 Electricity charges
102
1 Garbage Disposal
103
1 Kerosene
104
1 Cooking gas
105
1 Cement
106
1 Plywood
107
1 Paint
108
1 Roofing Sheet
109
1 Construction charges
5. Furniture, furnishing, household
equipment & operation
110
1 Bedroom set
111
2 Single Bed
Mattress Kurl on /
112
1 temptation
113
1 Chair
0.13
0.98
0.39
2.21
0.23
0.32
5.01
0.58
0.65
0.22
0.36
0.36
0.39
0.22
0.52
0.25
0.08
0.10
0.18
0.01
0.74
0.29
0.06
25.15
10.19
4.48
3.03
4.91
0.51
0.32
1.14
0.00
0.00
0.17
0.11
0.29
5.73
0.11
0.16
0.08
0.73
18
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
38112
38930
2712002
4481101
4482201
4481602
4481502
4481401
4481201
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
0
1
1
1
1
1
0.3
0.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8715103
4322001
46410
35322
34620
98000
44824
5461101
3719303
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
352601
352601
352601
352601
352601
352601
352601
6
0 0
6
6
6
6
0
0
0
0
0
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
93121
0 9312202
0
93123
0
93199
0
93199
0
93199
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
64221
4991101
4992101
65111
4299905
4299905
4299905
33310
66110
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Sofa Set
Linoleum
Bed sheet
Refrigerator
Stove
Iron
Fan
Sewing Machine
Washing Machine
Repairs to HH
123
1 Appliance
124
1 Water pump
125
1 Battery
126
1 Washing power
127
1 Insecticides
128
1 Domestic Servants
129
1 Thermo flask
130
1 Fluorescent Tube
131
1 Glasses
6. Medical care and health expenses
132
1 Panadol
133
1 Forceival
134
1 Vicks Balm
135
1 Haliborange
136
1 Diegen
137
1 Sanostol
138
1 Vitamin C
Doctor's Consulting
139
1 Fee
Doctor's Consulting
140
2 Fee
141
2 Dental service
142
1 Ultra sonogram test
143
2 HB Test
144
3 Chest X-Ray
7. Transport
145
1 Taxi fare
146
1 Motorcycle
147
1 Bicycle
148
1 Dhoani Fare
149
1 Bicycle Tyre
150
2 Motor Cycle Tyre
151
1 Cleaning of motorcycle
152
1 Petrol
153
1 International air-fare
0.05
0.11
0.17
0.19
0.20
0.04
0.51
0.79
0.29
0.20
0.15
0.01
0.83
0.41
0.28
0.18
0.16
0.10
5.64
0.13
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.62
2.55
0.52
0.26
0.52
0.52
5.98
0.89
2.12
0.43
0.47
0.07
0.04
0.03
0.04
1.13
19
0.3 0
66111
7
0.1 0
6811
7
7
7
8
9
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.4
0 4721101
0 4732102
0 9723002
0
32300
0
32400
0
47510
0
47510
0
73220
9
0.4 0
9
13
83820
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8411001
4523001
4732301
32230
32230
3260003
3692002
3899304
3213702
10
10
0 0
0 0
92210
92230
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
9
9
9
9
10
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.5
1
1
1
1
6811
8411002
8411002
8411002
8412001
4722002
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
97220
97210
97210
3219303
3219303
3219303
3532101
3532101
35323
154
1 Domestic air-fare
8. Communication
155
1 Postage of letter - Asia
Postage of letter156
2 Europe
157
1 International Calls
158
1 Domestic
159
1 Internet Charges
160
1 Mobile Call Charges
162
1 Mobile set
9. Recreation, entertainment and
cultural services
161
1 TV
163
1 CD player
164
1 Aerobics
165
1 News Papers Local
166
1 Magazine
167
1 Recordable CD
168
2 Blank video tape
169
2 Film rental
Photography
170
1 Processing Services
171
1 Cable TV charges
172
1 Computer
174
2 Audio Aldum- Cd
175
1 Text books
176
1 Text books
177
1 Monitor book
178
1 Colour box
179
1 Pen
180
1 Glaze paper
10. Education
181
1 School fee
182
1 Tuition fees
12. Personal care
183
Cosmetic Treatment
184
1 Hair Cut- Female
185
2 Hair Cut-Men
186
1 Baby diapers
187
1 Towel
188
1 Sanitary Pads
189
1 Soap
190
2 Baby Soap
191
1 Facial cream
0.76
7.86
0.02
0.00
0.70
2.45
0.35
3.06
1.27
4.30
0.39
0.15
0.14
0.09
0.06
0.02
0.02
0.15
0.22
0.45
1.25
0.06
0.47
0.47
0.16
0.04
0.16
0.01
3.10
1.45
1.65
6.15
0.05
0.18
0.18
0.58
0.10
0.29
0.00
0.00
0.47
20
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
35323
35323
35323
35323
35323
35323
35323
35323
99999
0.3 0
95910
192
1
193
2
194
1
195
2
196
1
197
1
198
1
199
1
200
1
13. Religion
173
Baby Lotion
Body Lotion
Baby cologne
Cologne
Hair cream
Hair oil
Shampoo
Tooth Paste
Sun glass
Mauloodh Kiyevun
1 Charge
Total weights
0.71
0.71
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.09
0.80
0.94
0.05
0.22
0.22
100.00
Source: Household Income and Expenditure Survey, 2002/2003
Note 1: The items shaded in yellow were included in the 1995 CPI basket. Some items in 1995 basket
have been excluded from the 2004 basket.
Note 2: Some items may have 0 weights; this is so due to decimal rounding.
Note: HIES 2002/2003 was conducted in Male’ as well as other islands. Weights for the whole country as
well as some sub regions have been calculated using HIES 2002/2003 data. A similar report comprising
of island CPI will be made available in the coming months.
21
Appendix IV: Monthly CPI for Male’, 2005
Major Groups
Weights
Monthly Consumer Price Index, 2005 (June 2004=100)
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
100.00
100.39
100.18
99.65
100.73
101.13
100.60
101.37
101.08
101.58
102.01
104.31
103.64
27.38
100.68
101.03
99.66
102.60
104.44
104.33
105.85
104.69
107.50
108.63
110.96
109.00
4.95
87.03
87.61
83.14
97.96
107.70
98.38
97.15
94.09
102.15
99.16
105.86
99.52
20.16
104.03
104.37
103.62
103.95
103.97
106.15
108.50
107.79
109.64
111.83
113.32
112.17
Non-alcoholic beverages
2.27
100.69
100.69
100.49
100.67
101.49
101.07
101.26
100.28
100.21
100.91
101.19
101.51
Tobacco and Narcotics
1.91
100.42
100.93
102.39
101.89
102.69
101.87
102.78
103.82
105.44
105.76
107.54
108.04
Clothing and Footwear
5.01
104.44
101.80
104.93
105.28
105.28
104.29
104.87
105.30
103.14
103.07
102.53
104.38
Male'
Food and Non-Alcoholic beverages
Fish
Other Food
Housing, Water, Electricity, gas and other
fuels
25.15
102.35
101.84
102.08
102.17
102.17
101.41
100.66
100.74
100.84
101.33
109.45
108.39
Furnishing, Household Equipment and
routine maintenance
5.83
99.31
99.46
106.15
108.04
107.28
104.91
105.34
105.32
102.97
102.37
102.94
104.68
Health
5.64
100.56
100.35
100.48
100.48
100.48
100.65
100.68
100.68
100.64
100.64
100.60
100.53
Transport
5.98
111.20
111.19
111.88
111.90
111.88
112.10
115.77
115.78
115.89
116.73
116.76
117.34
Communications
7.86
85.45
85.45
76.59
78.23
76.59
76.59
79.36
79.36
78.47
78.47
72.51
70.75
Recreation and Culture
4.30
96.44
96.40
92.14
92.19
93.70
91.09
91.05
90.97
90.46
86.88
86.55
86.46
Education
3.10
100.52
100.52
100.52
100.52
100.52
100.52
100.52
100.52
100.78
105.76
105.76
105.76
Hotels, café's and Restaurants
1.57
97.28
96.72
97.28
95.97
95.97
95.97
92.92
92.92
92.92
92.92
98.02
102.06
Miscellaneous goods and services
6.05
100.80
100.01
100.54
100.92
100.75
100.57
101.88
101.44
101.41
100.99
100.79
100.36
Religion
0.22
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
22
Appendix V: Monthly Inflation Rates for Male’, 2005
Major Groups
Male'
Food and Non-Alcoholic beverages
Fish
Other Food
Non-alcoholic beverages
Tobacco and Narcotics
Clothing and Footwear
Housing, Water, Electricity, gas and other fuels
Furnishing, Household Equipment and routine
maintenance
Health
Transport
Communications
Recreation and Culture
Education
Hotels, café's and Restaurants
Miscellaneous goods and services
Religion
Monthly Inflation rates, 2005 (June 2004=100)
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
(0.20)
(0.21)
(0.53)
1.08
0.40
(0.52)
July
0.76
Aug
(0.28)
Sep
0.49
Oct
0.42
Nov
2.26
Dec
(0.65)
(0.83)
(4.08)
(0.22)
(0.10)
(1.29)
2.97
0.35
0.67
0.33
0.00
0.51
(2.52)
(1.36)
(5.10)
(0.71)
(0.20)
1.45
3.07
2.95
17.83
0.32
0.18
(0.49)
0.33
1.80
9.94
0.02
0.82
0.79
(0.01)
(0.11)
(8.66)
2.10
(0.42)
(0.80)
(0.94)
1.46
(1.25)
2.21
0.19
0.89
0.56
(1.10)
(3.15)
(0.66)
(0.96)
1.01
0.41
2.69
8.57
1.71
(0.07)
1.56
(2.05)
1.05
(2.93)
2.00
0.70
0.30
(0.06)
2.15
6.76
1.33
0.28
1.69
(0.53)
(1.77)
(5.99)
(1.01)
0.32
0.47
1.80
0.01
(0.49)
0.23
0.08
0.00
(0.74)
(0.74)
0.07
0.10
0.49
8.01
(0.97)
(0.12)
(0.21)
0.00
(0.50)
0.22
0.00
(1.62)
(0.47)
0.15
(0.21)
(0.01)
0.00
(0.04)
0.00
(0.58)
(0.78)
6.73
0.13
0.63
(10.37)
(4.42)
0.00
0.58
0.53
1.78
0.00
0.02
2.15
0.05
0.00
(1.34)
0.37
(0.70)
0.00
(0.02)
(2.10)
1.64
0.00
0.00
(0.17)
(2.21)
0.17
0.20
0.00
(2.79)
0.00
0.00
(0.18)
0.40
0.03
3.27
3.62
(0.04)
0.00
(3.18)
1.30
(0.01)
0.00
0.01
0.00
(0.09)
0.00
0.00
(0.43)
(2.24)
(0.03)
0.09
(1.13)
(0.55)
0.26
0.00
(0.04)
(0.58)
0.00
0.72
0.00
(3.96)
4.94
0.00
(0.42)
0.56
(0.04)
0.03
(7.60)
(0.38)
0.00
5.49
(0.20)
1.69
(0.07)
0.49
(2.42)
(0.11)
0.00
4.12
(0.43)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
23
Appendix VI: Monthly CPI for Male’, 2006
Monthly Consumer Price Index, 2006 (June 2004=100)
Major Groups
Jan-dec
06
Average
Jan-dec
05
Average
104.09
101.39
Weights
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
100.00
101.68
102.53
103.44
103.48
103.58
104.03
103.55
103.71
105.93
105.17
105.59
106.42
27.38
104.24
104.08
107.66
108.61
108.43
110.52
108.14
107.55
113.56
110.56
110.81
113.75
108.99
104.95
4.95
74.28
73.66
89.79
92.06
86.50
100.97
90.40
93.29
115.22
90.50
84.54
91.53
90.23
96.65
20.16
111.97
111.83
112.68
113.43
114.72
113.92
113.16
111.72
114.47
116.41
118.16
120.24
114.39
107.45
Non-alcoholic beverages
2.27
100.94
101.60
102.05
101.95
100.33
101.16
102.22
101.61
101.90
102.34
102.80
104.58
101.96
100.87
Tobacco and Narcotics
1.91
108.13
106.64
107.52
108.70
109.15
108.47
108.60
108.21
108.08
108.31
108.41
109.76
108.33
103.63
Clothing and Footwear
5.01
102.77
106.47
106.66
106.61
105.17
103.88
102.17
102.21
102.85
106.47
106.13
105.14
104.71
104.11
Male'
Food and Non-Alcoholic beverages
Fish
Other Food
Housing, Water, Electricity, gas and
other fuels
25.15
105.29
104.86
104.93
104.96
104.96
104.97
105.62
106.03
106.38
105.93
106.39
106.42
105.56
102.78
Furnishing, Household Equipment
and routine maintenance
5.83
105.16
106.80
105.15
104.28
106.81
107.48
106.99
105.26
103.74
108.54
110.36
114.45
107.09
104.06
Health
5.64
99.08
112.12
111.94
111.94
112.24
112.39
112.26
112.34
116.86
116.76
116.96
116.56
112.62
100.56
Transport
5.98
119.65
120.09
119.65
116.91
116.96
119.32
120.13
120.38
121.16
121.32
121.31
121.25
119.84
114.04
Communications
7.86
71.75
71.75
71.75
72.53
72.53
70.57
70.57
70.57
70.57
67.74
69.66
67.50
70.63
78.15
Recreation and Culture
4.3
86.91
87.64
86.81
86.72
86.57
84.83
84.79
91.89
93.84
92.89
90.55
89.84
88.61
91.19
Education
3.1
105.76
105.27
105.27
105.27
105.27
105.27
107.69
107.69
110.12
107.69
107.69
107.69
106.72
101.85
Hotels, café's and Restaurants
1.57
101.01
102.92
103.42
100.56
100.06
100.06
100.06
100.06
100.06
105.58
105.58
105.58
102.08
95.91
Miscellaneous goods and services
6.05
100.92
100.06
100.75
99.93
100.95
100.91
100.95
100.89
102.37
101.67
103.08
103.57
101.34
100.87
Religion
0.22
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
24
Appendix VII: Monthly Inflation Rates for Male’, 2006
Monthly Inflation rates, 2006 (June 2004=100)
Major Groups
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
chn %
20052006
Male'
-1.89
0.84
0.88
0.04
0.10
0.44
-0.47
0.15
2.14
-0.72
0.40
0.79
2.67
Food and Non-Alcoholic beverages
-4.36
-0.15
3.44
0.88
-0.17
1.93
-2.16
-0.54
5.59
-2.65
0.23
2.66
3.85
Fish
-25.36
-0.83
21.89
2.53
-6.04
16.72
-10.47
3.19
23.51
-21.45
-6.58
8.27
-6.64
Other Food
-0.18
-0.13
0.76
0.66
1.14
-0.69
-0.67
-1.27
2.46
1.69
1.50
1.76
6.47
Non-alcoholic beverages
-0.56
0.65
0.44
-0.10
-1.58
0.82
1.05
-0.59
0.28
0.43
0.45
1.73
1.08
Tobacco and Narcotics
0.08
-1.37
0.83
1.09
0.42
-0.62
0.11
-0.36
-0.12
0.21
0.09
1.25
4.54
Clothing and Footwear
-1.54
3.60
0.17
-0.04
-1.35
-1.23
-1.65
0.04
0.62
3.53
-0.32
-0.93
0.58
Housing, Water, Electricity, gas and other fuels
-2.86
-0.41
0.07
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.62
0.39
0.33
-0.42
0.43
0.03
2.70
Furnishing, Household Equipment and routine
maintenance
0.45
1.57
-1.54
-0.83
2.42
0.63
-0.46
-1.61
-1.45
4.63
1.67
3.71
2.90
Health
-1.44
13.15
-0.16
0.00
0.27
0.13
-0.11
0.07
4.03
-0.08
0.17
-0.34
11.99
Transport
1.97
0.36
-0.36
-2.29
0.04
2.01
0.68
0.21
0.64
0.13
0.00
-0.05
5.09
Communications
1.41
0.00
0.00
1.08
0.00
-2.69
0.00
0.00
0.00
-4.02
2.84
-3.11
-9.63
Recreation and Culture
0.52
0.84
-0.95
-0.10
-0.18
-2.01
-0.05
8.38
2.12
-1.01
-2.52
-0.79
-2.84
Education
0.00
-0.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.30
0.00
2.25
-2.20
0.00
0.00
4.79
Hotels, café's and Restaurants
-1.02
1.89
0.49
-2.77
-0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.52
0.00
0.00
6.43
Miscellaneous goods and services
0.56
-0.86
0.69
-0.82
1.02
-0.04
0.04
-0.06
1.47
-0.69
1.39
0.47
0.46
Religion
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Appendix VIII: Linked CPI series with June 2004=100 as Base
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
1985
35.88
32.76
34.19
31.52
32.54
34.76
32.97
34.43
37.84
1986
35.97
36.61
40.79
38.13
35.91
34.94
36.44
36.38
1987
42.54
42.77
38.61
40.78
37.94
37.78
37.03
37.94
1988
40.39
42.3
46.74
45.53
41.55
41.98
43.5
1989
46.83
46.56
47.14
46.62
46.66
46.85
1990
47.37
44.57
47.14
51.9
46.56
46.56
1991
50.15
54.39
56.2
55.43
57.89
60.15
1992
68.85
60.79
63.19
60.96
65.81
1993
82.82
81.24
76.23
82.25
84.25
1994
79.72
81.14
82.56
79.11
83.09
1995
84.41
92.18
87.01
87.7
76.08
1996
88.96
91.19
87.34
91.78
88.73
91.62
1997
103.49
97.01
97.02
94.96
99.13
1998
98.47
103.24
94.3
96.95
92.81
1999
97.56
97.34
100.54
107.59
101.89
97.39
2000
95.09
94.54
95.71
101.53
104.37
2001
94.14
96.2
95.56
97.58
100.27
2002
104.72
104.1
103.28
100.97
103.83
2003
101.91
101.16
101.66
100.82
102.89
2004
99.59
99.44
99.41
99.9
2005
100.39
100.18
99.65
2006
101.68
102.53
103.44
Nov
Dec
Annual
Index
inflation
rate
36.88
33.52
34.08
34.28
43.33
39.1
39.1
34.66
37.61
9.7
42.64
44.62
50.5
42.03
41.26
9.7
47.07
45.16
43.11
43.34
46.48
43.93
6.5
46.1
45.72
45.79
49.57
49.58
47.5
47.08
7.2
51.8
45.96
46.99
54.87
51.23
50.59
48.8
3.6
58.79
53.84
55.44
54.95
58.22
56.25
55.97
14.7
78.04
71.17
65.52
59.88
66.59
60.84
63.31
65.41
16.9
85.31
73.36
73.23
78.76
74.57
74.8
76.1
78.58
20.1
79.54
77.73
79.94
77.14
77.48
78.53
98.85
81.24
3.4
85.73
85.11
87.3
86.1
85.45
84.89
86.37
85.69
5.5
91.27
91.7
92
92.08
92.51
93.34
91.04
6.2
90.51
98.42
95.53
97.05
100
96.88
105.24
97.94
7.6
95.52
98.38
95.27
96.21
94.77
97.42
95.41
96.56
-1.4
97.29
97.7
95.61
104.15
97.35
98.56
99.41
3.0
105.65
99.07
99.04
96.8
97.82
93.5
95.84
98.25
-1.2
103.79
97.87
97.93
100.26
100.18
100.66
102.46
98.91
0.7
103.99
103.88
103.08
101.04
102.61
102.47
102.51
103.04
4.2
102.55
102.85
102.53
101.6
103.19
100.13
99.61
101.74
-1.3
101.98
100
99.82
99.41
99.16
101.11
100.2
100.6
100.05
-1.7
100.73
101.13
100.6
101.37
101.08
101.58
102.01
104.31
103.64
101.39
1.3
103.48
103.58
104.03
103.55
103.71
105.93
105.17
105.59
106.42
104.09
2.7
26
(5.00)
(10.00)
Clothing and Footwear
Tobacco & Narcotics
Fish
Religion
10.00
Miscellaneoud goods and
services
Hotels, café's and Restaurants
Education
Recreation and Culture
Communications
Transport
Transport & communication
Health
Furnishing, Household Equip. &
routine maint.
Housing, Water, Electricity, gas &
other fuels
(15.00)
Food & Non-Alcoholic bev.
Appendix IX: Figures
Figure 2: Inflation rates by major categories, 2006
15.00
2004based
1995based
5.00
0.00
27
Figure 3: Monthly Inflation Rates, 2006
10.00
8.00
CPI 1995 based
6.00
CPI 2004 based
4.00
2.00
0.00
-2.00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
-4.00
-6.00
-8.00
28