Name
Date
REVIEW
CALIFORNIA CONTENT
STANDARD 7.11.2
The Columbian Exchange
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: Discuss the exchanges of plants, animals, technology,
culture, and ideas among Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas in the
15th and 16th centuries and the major economic and social effects on
each continent.
Read the chart below to answer questions on the next page.
Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company
On their trips to and from the Americas, Europeans moved many goods.
This transfer became known as the Columbian Exchange. It had social
and economic effects in the Western and Eastern Hemispheres.
From Europe, Asia, Africa to the Americas
• Livestock: horses, cattle, sheep, pigs
• Fruits and vegetables: bananas, blackeyed peas, yams, olives, citrus fruits,
grapes, peaches, pears, turnips, onions
• Grains: wheat, rice, barley, oats
• Other crops: coffee beans, sugar cane
• Diseases: smallpox, measles, influenza
• Belief systems: Christianity
Impact on the Americas
• New patterns of international trade began.
• Many Native Americans were converted
to Christianity.
• Disease claimed the lives of over 20 million
Native Americans.
• New methods of agriculture resulted
from the introduction of livestock and
different crops.
• Horses improved transportation.
From the Americas to Europe, Asia, and
Africa
• Animals: turkeys
• Vegetables: squash, pumpkins, sweet
potatoes, peppers, avocados, potatoes,
tomatoes, corn, beans
• Fruits: pineapples
• Other crops: cacao beans, quinine,
tobacco
Impact on Europe, Asia, and Africa
• Potatoes, sweet potatoes, and corn
became important parts of people’s diets.
As a result, people lived longer and
populations increased.
• Europeans profited from new trade
patterns. They controlled sea routes.
• Europeans and other groups in the Eastern
Hemisphere adapted cultural practices
from other regions of the world.
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Name
Date
PRACTICE
CALIFORNIA CONTENT
STANDARD 7.11.2
The Columbian Exchange
DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the best answer.
A Europe
B
Asia
C
Africa
D the Americas
2 What was one effect of the global
exchange?
A North America became a major
exporter of horses.
B
The population of Europe
increased after 1700.
C
The population of Asia decreased
after 1700.
D Agriculture in Europe became less
diverse.
3 In what way did the Columbian
Exchange have an impact on Europe?
A Europeans were helped a little
but mostly harmed by the
Columbian Exchange.
B
C
Europeans mostly benefited from
new trade and the introduction of
new crops.
The Columbian Exchange had very
little lasting effect on Europe or
the Americas.
D Europeans were introduced to
dozens of new plants, animals,
and technologies.
4 Which statement summarizes the
impact of the Columbian Exchange
on the Americas most accurately?
A The Columbian Exchange
improved life in every way for the
Native Americans.
B
New crops and animals helped
Native Americans, but European
diseases took a terrible toll on
their civilizations.
C
Without the Columbian Exchange,
Native American cultures would
have declined.
D Neither the trade that resulted
from the Columbian Exchange nor
the new crops were helpful to the
Native Americans.
5 Why is the Columbian Exchange
appropriately named?
A It was a result of Columbus’s
contact with the Americas.
B
Columbus made an important
impression on the Americas.
C
Most ships traveled to and from
what is now Colombia.
D Columbus profited greatly from
his voyages to the Americas.
Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company
1 Where did the potato originate?
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