Name ___________________________________
180 points
THE NATURE OF SCIENCE
SECTION 1.1 Earth Science
(40 points this side)
In your textbook, read about the scope of Earth science. (13 points)
Use the terms below to identify of the major area of Earth science that studies each
subject. Each term can be used more than once.
astronomy
meteorology
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
geology
oceanography
environmental science
1. Physical and chemical properties of the
oceans
2. Objects beyond Earth’s atmosphere
3. Materials that make up Earth
4. Forces and processes that produce weather
5. Earth’s neighbors, distant stars, and other
cosmic bodies
6. Rocks, glacial movements, and clues to
Earth’s history
7. Creatures that inhabit salty water
8. Interactions of organisms and their
surroundings.
Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
9. What subspecialty of Earth science studies patterns of weather over a
long period of time?
a. geochemistry b. climatology
c. soil science d. paleontology
10. Geochemistry is the study of which of the following?
a. habitats of organisms
b. effects of internal processes on Earth’s surface
c. earth’s composition and processes
d. how the moon and stars affect people’s lives
11. What subspecialty of Earth science studies ancient environments?
a. paleontology b. geochemistry c. marine geology d. climatology
12. Which of the following might an environmental scientist study?
a. earthquakes and mountain building
b. the remains of organisms that once lived on Earth
c. the kinds of matter in the universe
d. how organisms interact with each other and their environments
13. In what field do scientists study the processes that change Earth’s
composition?
a. climatology b.astrophysics c. geochemistry d. paleontology
Date
Period
In your textbook, read about Earth’s systems and Earth science in your
everyday life.
For each statement below, write correct or not correct. If the statement is not
correct, use proofreading marks to make it correct. (12 points)
_________________ 14. The area from Earth’s surface to its center is the
geosphere.
_________________ 15. The water in Earth’s oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, and
glaciers makes up the atmosphere.
_________________ 16. The blanket of gases that surround Earth is the
atmosphere.
_________________ 17. The mantle is the rigid outer shell of Earth.
_________________ 18. The atmosphere contains about 78 percent oxygen.
_________________ 19. About three percent of all freshwater on Earth is in
glaciers, lakes, rivers, and groundwater.
_________________ 20. The hydrosphere includes all organisms on Earth as
well as the environments in which they live.
_________________ 21. The atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and
geosphere are interdependent systems.
Answer the following questions using complete sentences. (15 points)
22. What are the five major areas of specialization in Earth Science?
23. Describe three ways the atmosphere helps support life on Earth.
24. What is technology?
25. Describe three ways technology has improved your life daily.
Name ___________________________________
Date
In your textbook, read about the nature of scientific investigations.
Complete the table by matching each SI unit with its measurement.
Some measurements will have more than one unit. (17 points)
SECTION 1.2 Methods of Scientists
(30 points this side)
In your textbook, read about the nature of scientific investigations. (11 points)
For each item, write the word from the box.
____________________1. Testable
explanation for an observation
____________________2. Organized
procedure that involves making
measurements and
observations
independent variable
constant
hypothesis
dependent variable
control
experiment
gram per millimeter
kelvin
kilogram
kilometer
liter
meter
milliliter
millimeter
newton
second
square centimeter
square meter
Units
16. weight
experiment
17. density
____________________6. Standard for comparison that shows
18. time
that the results of an experiment are actually due to the
condition being tested
(11) ______________, accident, or injury to your teacher
immediately.
gram per cubic centimeter
15. mass
____________________ 5. Factor that does not change during an
the (10) _____________________________ ,
safety shower, fire blanket, first aid kit, and fire alarm. Report any
cubic meter
14. volume
change if other factors are changed
any investigation. Never use (9) ___________________
as food or drink containers. Know the location and proper use of
cubic centimeter
13. area
____________________4. Factor in an experiment that can
hair and (8) ____________________ before you begin
centimeter
12. length
manipulated or changed by the experimenter
Wear (7) ____________________ and a safety apron
during any activity or experiment in a science lab. Tie back long
Celsius
Measurement
____________________3. Factor in an experiment that can be
Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage.
fire extinguisher laboratory glassware loose clothing safety goggles
Period
19. temperature
Scientific Notation (Extra Credit)
spill
Express each number in scientific notation
20. 1,000,000
_____________________
21. 0.01
_____________________
22. 325
_____________________
23. 0.00025
_____________________
24. 6421
_____________________
Express each number in standard notation.
25. 1  103 _____________________
26. 5  102___________________
27. 9.99  108 ___________________
28. 9.99  108 ___________________
Name ___________________________________
Date
Period
6. Describe the relationship between the dependent and independent
variables in this experiment.
SECTION 1.3 Communication in Science
(60 points this side)
In your textbook, read about communicating results.
Answer the following questions using complete sentences. (10 points both sentences)
1. Give three reasons why communicating scientific data is important to
others.
In your textbook, read about models, theories, and laws.
Use the following terms to complete the statements.
Law
model
theory
7. A scientific ____________________ is an idea, a system, or a
2. Describe two uses for the lab reports you write after doing an activity or
experiment.
mathematical expression that is similar to an idea being explained.
8. A scientific ____________________ is an explanation based on many
observations during repeated experiments.
The table below shows the results of an experiment. Use the data in the table to
answer the following questions.
Time (s)
Mass of product (g)
10
1.5
20
3.2
30
4.3
40
6.0
50
7.7
60
9.2
70
10.4
9. A scientific ____________________ is a basic fact that describes the
80
12.1
3. On the grid below, plot the mass of product versus time. Connect the
data points with a line. (10 points)
behavior of a natural phenomenon.
Answer the following questions using complete sentences. (30 points all sentences)
10. What was one model of the solar system developed by early
astronomers?
10. What is the current model of our solar system?
11. How has the model of our solar system changed in your lifetime?
12. What three conditions must be satisfied for a scientific theory to be
valid?
4. What is the independent variable in this experiment?
5. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
13. Under what conditions can a scientific model or theory change?
Name ___________________________________
THE NATURE OF SCIENCE
(50 points this side)
Reviewing Vocabulary
Date
Period
Understanding Main Ideas
Write the letter of the measurement in Column B next to its matching unit of
measurement in Column A. (8 points)
Column A
______ 1. gram per milliliter
Column B
a. area
1. The branch of Earth science that studies the blanket of air that surrounds
Earth is (paleontology, meteorology).
______ 2. kelvin
b. density
______ 3. kilogram
c. length
2. Most scientific studies use a standard system of units called (SI, scientific
notation), which is a modern version of the metric system.
______ 4. liter
d. mass
______ 5. meter
e. temperature
______ 6. newton
f. time
______ 7. second
g. liquid volume
______ 8. square centimeter
h. weight
Circle the word or phrase in parentheses that makes the statement correct. (8 points)
3. Identifying rocks, studying glacial movements, and interpreting clues to
Earth’s history are all topics studied in (geology, oceanography).
4. (An experiment, A hypothesis) is a suggested explanation for
an observation.
5. The study of objects beyond Earth’s atmosphere is (geology, astronomy).
6. The water in Earth’s oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, glaciers, and in Earth’s
atmosphere makes up the (hydrosphere, biosphere).
7. Researchers use a (constant, control) in an experiment to show that the
results of the experiment are actually due to the condition being tested.
8. The application of scientific discoveries is called (technology,
paleontology).
Contrast each pair of related terms by using both words in a complete sentence.
(5 points each sentence, one point per word 3 points per sentence 15 points total)
9. crust, mantle
10. independent variable, dependent variable
11. scientific theory, scientific law
In the space at the left, write true if the statement is true; if the statement is false,
change the italicized word or phrase to make it true. (15 points)
________________9 . Astronomers study Earth, its neighbors, and other
matter in the universe.
________________10. Earth’s four main systems are independent of one
another.
________________11. Meteorology is the study of materials that make up
Earth and the processes that form and change these materials.
________________12. Scientific methods are planned and organized, but are
not rigid, step-by-step outlines to solve problems.
________________13. Earth’s core consists of the rigid outer layer of the
planet.
________________14. Earth’s atmosphere contains about 78 percent carbon
dioxide.
________________15. Oceanographers study creatures that inhabit salty
water, measure physical and chemical properties of the oceans,
and examine the effects of human activities on the oceans.
________________16. The biosphere includes all organisms that live within a
few meters of Earth’s surface, at the bottom of oceans, and on
the tops of mountains.
________________17. Scientific laws and theories cannot change.
________________ 18. About 97 percent of Earth’s water is salt water.