What’s the MATTER,
Definition, States, and
Change of State
MATTER, Definition, States, and
Change of State
At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:
1. Define matter
2. Define the various states of matter and
draw an example of each state
3. Recognize that particle motion
determines the state of matter
1
Matter:
 Anything that has mass and takes up
space
Matter is made up of building blocks:
atom – smallest unit of an element.
element – a pure substance made of
only one kind of atom.
compound – made of two or more atoms
that are chemically combined.
FYI
 90% of the Earth’s crust is made up of
only 5 elements:
Oxygen
49.2%
Silicon
25.7 %
Aluminum
7.5%
Iron
4.7%
Calcium
3.4%
2
States of Matter
 Solid Definite volume and shape
 Particles are tightly packed
 Slight expansion when heated
 Incompressible
Solid
Vibration
around fixed
points
3
States of Matter
 Liquid Has definite volume, but no definite
shape
(assumes the shape of the container)
 Particles are loosely packed
(can flow by sliding over each other)
 Easily expand when heated
 Considered incompressible
Liquid
Vibration
around
sliding
points
4
States of Matter
 Gas No definite shape or volume
 Expand to fill the container
 Particles are spaced far apart
 Compressible
Gas
Vibration
around
moving
points
5
States of Matter
 Plasma Consists of electrically charged
particles
 It’s an ionized gas
 Common in space, but very rare on
Earth
 Found in lightning, fluorescent lights
and neon signs
Plasma
When atoms
are so hot,
they lose ALL
of their
electrons.
“Super-heated
Gas”
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Energy Amounts in States of Matter
 Solid- little energy, particles vibrate and
rotate
 Liquid- more energy, they move freely
by sliding over each other
 Gas- even more energy, move quickly
 Plasma- most energy, move extremely
fast
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Made of
Atoms
Holds
its shape
Atoms move
past each
other
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States of Matter
Changes of State
Energy
Gas
Energy
Liquid
Energy
Solid
Names of Phase Changes






Solid to Liquid
Liquid to Gas
Gas to Liquid
Liquid to Solid
Solid to Gas
Gas to Solid
=
=
=
=
=
=
Melting
Boiling/evaporation
Condensation
Freezing
Sublimation
Deposition
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D
e
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
Boiling
Melting
Condensation
Freezing
Sublimation
When a solid
turns directly
into a gas.
Dry ice is
solid CO2
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MATTER, Definition, States, and
Change of State
Lets see if you can:
1. Define matter
2. Define the various states of matter and
draw an example of each state
3. Recognize that particle motion
determines the state of matter
States of Matter
List the Location of Each
Change of State
Melting
Condensation
Boiling
Energy
Gas
Energy
Liquid
Energy
Solid
Deposition
Freezing
Sublimation
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List the Location of Each
Enthapy Used to Change State
Heat of
Fusion
Heat of
Vaporization
Energy
Gas
Energy
Liquid
Energy
Solid
Endothermic 
Exothermic
Moisture that collects on the
outside of a cold glass results
from the process of…
1. evaporation.
2. condensation.
3. sublimation.
4. vaporization.
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