Chapter 3 Section 1 – ELEMENTS
What is an element?
This is a substance that cannot be broken down any further by
chemical or physical means.
What makes something a pure substance?
This is a substance that has only 1 type of particle.
How can properties identify an element?
We can identify elements using their characteristic properties like
magnetism, solubility, malleability, etc. These are properties that do
not change no matter how much of the substance that you have. Each
element has its own set of properties.
What are the different classifications of elements and an explanation of
each?
1.
2.
3.
Metals – these are elements that are shiny in nature, conduct
electricity & heat, these elements are malleable, & ductile.
Non-metals – these are elements that are not shiny in nature,
poor conductors of heat & electricity, solids tend to be brittle
(break easily) and are generally not malleable or ductile.
Metalloids – these are elements that share some of the
properties of metal and non-metals.
Chapter 3 Section 2 – COMPOUNDS
What is a compound?
This is a chemically combined substance of two or more elements
that forms a new pure substance.
Why is ratio important in compounds?
The ratio is important in a compound because if the ratio changes, the
compound will change as well.
Are the properties of a specific element in a compound the same as the
properties of the compound? Explain.
The properties of the elements are going to be different than those
properties of the compound. This is due to the chemical bonding of
the elements together.
How can compounds be broken down?
Compounds are broken down through chemical changes into simple
compounds or elements.
Where are compounds in the world around us? Give some examples.
Some examples of compounds are: food, clothes, people, pencils,
paper, soil …
Chapter 3 Section 3 – MIXTURES
What is a mixture?
A mixture is when two or more substances or elements are physically
combined, and NOT chemically bonded.
How are mixtures different than a compound?
Compounds are chemically changed and combined to one substance,
and mixtures are physically combined and only physical changes
occur.
How can a mixture be separated?
A mixture can be separated using physical means such as distillation,
magnetism, density …
Is ratio as important in a mixture as in a compound?
Ratio is not as important in a mixture as in a compound, because the
substance will remain the same despite the ratio.
What is a solution?
A solution is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances that
appear to be uniform in distribution throughout the substance.
- A solute is the material that is being dissolved; often in smaller
quantities.
- A solvent is the material that is doing the dissolving; often in
larger quantities.
Solutions can be made from solids, liquids and gases all combined
in one or another.
What is a difference in the concentration of a solution?
If a substance is concentrated, then the solution will have a lot of the
solute in the solvent. When the solution is dilute, then the solute has
a lower ratio in the solvent then a concentrated solution.
What are the effects of temperature of gases on its solubility?
When the temperature of a gas increases, the solubility of the gas
decreases.
What are ways to increase how fast a solid can be dissolved?
To dissolve a solid faster, you can put the solid in a warm liquid and
add thermal energy to the mixture. Another way to increase how fast
a solid dissolves is to mix the solute and solvent together or by
crushing the solid into smaller pieces.
What is a suspension?
A suspension is a mixture that has solute in the mixture that is too
big, and will eventually settle out of the solution.
What is a colloid?
A colloid is a mixture in which the particles are not too big to settle
out, but are bigger than those of a solution. Ex. Jell-O