Building Resilience to Natural Disasters and Major Economic Crises
Shamika N. Sirimanne
Director
Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
Contents
1.
ESCAP Overview 2.
Building resilience to natural disasters and major economic crises
3.
Using space technology and GIS for disaster risk reduction and sustainable development 4.
Way forward
1.
ESCAP Overview
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The main economic and social development arm for the United Nations in Asia and the Pacific. ‐
To foster cooperation between 53 member states and 9 associate members, from Turkey in the west to Kiribati in the east, and the Russian Federation in the north to New Zealand in the south.
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The ESCAP office is located in Bangkok, Thailand. Please visit ESCAP website at www.unescap.org
2. Building resilience to natural disasters and major economic crises
The 69th ESCAP Commission 25/4‐1/5, 2013 at UNCC, Bangkok
Resilience
“The capacity of countries and their people to withstand, adapt to, and recover from major economic crises and natural disasters – so that their people can continue to lead the kind of lives they value.”
2013 ESCAP Theme Study
Asia‐Pacific is the most disaster prone region in the world…
Number of disasters in a year
200
Number of disasters by region (1980‐2011)
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Asia Pacific
Africa
Latin America and Caribbean
North America
Europe
Source: ESCAP based on data from EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database
…and the most severely affected
People affected
People affected (per 1,000 population)
Asia Pacific
Asia Pacific
Africa
Africa
Latin America and Caribbean
Latin America and Caribbean
North America
North America
Europe
Europe
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
Economic losses from disasters are rising globally
350
Economic damage (Billion dollars 2005)
Japan: Great East
Japan Earthquake
Expon. (Economic damage (Billion dollars 2005))
300
250
United States:
Katrina Storm
200
Japan: Kobe
Earthquake
150
Algeria: El
Asnam
100 Earthquake
China: Sichuan
Earthquake
Iran: ManjilRudbarEarthquake
Spain:
Floods
50
Turkey:
Earthquake
China:
Drought
Japan:
Chūetsu
Earthquake
0
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
The region faces increasingly complex shocks
Spatial
Areas
Jurisdictional
Temporal
Rates, Durations
and frequencies
Slow
Globe
Decades
Regions
Annual
Administrations
Long
Intergovernmental
National
Countries
Seasonal
Provincial
Cities
Daily
Localities
Fast
Cross-scales and crosslevels Interactions
Short
Source: ESCAP based on Cash, David W., W. Neil Adger, Fikret Berkes, Po Garden, Louis Lebel, and Per Olsson (2006). Scale and Cross-Scale Dynamics: Governance and
Information in a Multilevel World. Ecology and Society 11 (2): 8.
3. Using space technology and GIS
for disaster risk reduction and sustainable development •
Mobilizing support to disaster‐affected countries for response, relief and impact assessments
•
Operationalization of the Regional Cooperative Mechanism for Drought Monitoring and Early Warning
•
Enhancing capacity of member States •
Resolution 69/11: Implementing the Asia‐Pacific Plan of Action for Applications of Space Technology and Geographic Information Systems for Disaster Risk Reduction and Sustainable Development, 2012‐2017. Mobilizing support to disaster‐affected countries for response, relief and impact assessments
•
Timely provision of near real‐time imagery is critical for disaster
response, relief and impact assessments
•
In 2013, ESCAP has provided more than 60 near real‐time satellite
images and damage maps to Bangladesh, China, Pakistan, the
Philippines and others
Typhoon Haiyan‐‐Under the RESAP framework, 19 scenes of radar and high resolution
images by the Indian space agency, ISRO have been provided to the Philippines; More
than 30 links of damage assessment maps and satellite images provided by UNOSAT.
•Continue to assist disaster‐affected countries on remote sensing data,
pre‐ and post‐disaster maps, capacity building and other services until
significant recovery has been attained in the affected areas
•UN family Establishes networks of space based information/products
sharing for DRR.
Operationalization of the Regional Cooperative
Mechanism for Drought Monitoring and Early Warning
A RESAP programme: To strengthen the capacity of member States in using
space‐based data/products with field information for drought detection
and early warning.
•
China and India committed to be the service nodes that provide space‐based
data/products as well as capacity building.
•
The mechanism will offer customized geo‐referenced satellite data, drought
products and services emanating from the constellations of earth observation
satellites to enhance the capacity of drought‐prone countries for more efficient
monitoring, early warning and drought mitigation.
•
Cambodia, Mongolia, Myanmar and Sri Lanka have applied for the pilot countries.
•
The first regional workshop will be organized in Sri Lanka in January 2014.
スライド 11
A4
fill in please
We are talking with Myanmar, but not yet confirmed.
Administrator, 2013/11/28
Enhancing capacity of member States •
Special focus on high‐risk and low capacity developing countries. 400 government officials/ practitioners of 38 member countries trained in last two and half years.
•
Focus areas
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•
Mainstreaming space applications into disaster risk management.
Use of space and GIS in flood‐risk mapping, drought monitoring and early warning.
Facilitate the establishment and use of the geo‐referenced information system for DRR (Geo‐
DRM) in CSNs.
Technical advisory service in effective use of space and GIS for DRR.
Needs identified through Surveys and Regional Inventory on capacity of space applications
Implementing the Asia‐Pacific Plan of Action, 2012‐2017 •
ESCAP was tasked to take the lead in implementing the Asia‐Pacific Plan of Action at the regional level Harmonize and enhance existing regional initiatives, including UNITAR/UNOSAT, UNOOSA/UN‐
SPIDER, GEO, APRSAF, Sentinel Asia, pool expertise and resources at the regional and sub‐regional levels and share good practices and lessons. •
Enhance collaboration with space related UN agencies and regional initiatives, including UNITAR/UNOSAT,UN‐SPIDER, the Charter, APSCO, Sentinel Asia ₋
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MOA between ESCAP and UNITAR signed in 2013. Provision of space based information to disaster affected countries.
Joint advisor mission with UN‐SPIDER.
Joint organization of workshop/training programme on space technology applications.
Cross participation activities and share of the information.
•
Deliver capacity‐building to address the main technical gaps in developing countries
•
Mongolia, Sri Lanka applied for the pilot countries.
• Enhance collaboration with UNITAR/UNOSAT, UNOOSA/UN‐SPIDER, GEO, FAO, ISDR, OCHA, APRSAF, Sentinel Asia and others, in order to promote the synergic impact of activities and programmes and to pool expertise and resources. • Enhance mutual support with APRSAF and its initiative, Sentinel Asia, through regional cooperation for promoting ESCAP’s Regional Space Applications Programme for Sustainable Development and implementation of the Asia‐Pacific Plan of Action.
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Capacity buildings on space applications for disaster risk reduction
Regional cooperation mechanisms for rapid emergency responses
Drought and other disaster early warning mechanism
Geographical Information System to improve disaster risk preparedness
Earth observation for climate change monitoring
• Share the results of the Sentinel Asia Step‐2, good practices, satellite imagery and capacity‐building for disaster risk reduction among the member States.
Thank you