EISSN
ISSN 1519-9088
1676-5133
Cardiorespiratory
capacity and body mass
index in a periodization of the adult female
futsal team from
Universidade Norte
do
Paraná – Londrina
Túlio Rangel de Camargo Pacheco1 [email protected]
Antonio Carlos Gomes1 [email protected]
Mario Carlos W. Balvedi2 [email protected]
Rosangela Marques Busto3 [email protected]
Vanda Cristina Sanchez4 [email protected]
Abdallah Achour Junior4 [email protected]
doi:10.3900/fpj.8.6.441.e
Pacheco TRC, Gomes AC, Balvedi MCW, Busto RM, Sanchez VC, Junior AA. Cardiorespiratory capacity and body mass index in a periodization
of the adult female futsal team from Universidade Norte do Paraná – Londrina. Fit Perf J. 2009 Nov-Dec;8(6):441-5.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Evaluations are necessary to propose physical training, particularly in the periodization of
female futsal training, theme on which there are few studies. This study had as objective to verify the possible
effects of the cardiorespiratory capacity (maximum VO2) and body mass index (BMI) between the periods of
training of adult feminine futsal athletes of Universidade Norte do Paraná, Brazil. Materials and Methods:
Twelve feminine adult futsal players, national elite, with average age 23±4 years old participated in the study.
After reading and signing the informed consent, the BMI was calculated, and the Shuttle Run Test, proposed for
Léger e Lambert, was used to esteem the maximum VO2 of the athletes. Results: The results demonstrated that
BMI did not vary significantly (p=0.93) between the periods, presenting a discrete reduction of 0.31±0.02%; the
maximum VO2 had a significant variation (p=0.0005) of 8.31±0.06% from a period to another. The correlation
between VO2maximun and BMI was not significant (p=0.28; p=0.15). Discussion: The obtained data allow us
to conclude that the athletes did not present significant BMI alteration. However, their cardiorespiratory condition
was improved, as they responded positively to the stimuli of the training.
KEYWORDS
Anthropometry; Cardiorespiratory; Body Mass Index.
Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP – São Paulo/SP – Brazil
Canadá Country Club-Londrina – Londrina/PR – Brazil
3
Universidade Estadual de Londrina – UEL – Centro de Educação Física e Desportos – Londrina/PR - Brazil
4
Universidade Norte do Paraná – UNOPAR – Londrina/PR – Brazil
1
2
Copyright© 2009 by Colégio Brasileiro de Atividade Física, Saúde e Esporte
Fit Perf J | Rio de Janeiro | 8 | 6 | 441-445 | Nov/Dec 2009
Fit Perf J. 2009 Nov-Dec;8(6):441-5.
441
P acheco , G omes , B alvedi , B usto , S anchez , J unior
Capacidade cardiorrespiratória e índice de massa corpórea
adulto da Universidade Norte do Paraná, Londrina
numa periodização do time de futsal feminino
RESUMO
Introdução: Avaliações físicas são necessárias para se propor treinamento físico, particularmente numa periodização de treinamento no futsal
feminino, tema sobre o qual há poucos estudos. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a alteração cardiorrespiratória (VO2máximo) e o índice de
massa corpórea (IMC) numa periodização de treinamento de jogadoras de futsal feminino adulto da Universidade Norte do Paraná. Materiais
e Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 12 jogadoras de futsal feminino da categoria adulta (idade=23±4 anos), nível nacional. Após a
leitura e assinatura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, calculou-se o IMC e foi utilizado o Shuttle Run Test, proposto por Léger e
Lambert. Resultados: O IMC não variou significativamente (p=0,93) entre os períodos competitivos, apresentando uma discreta diminuição
de 0,31±0,02%; quanto ao VO2máximo, houve alteração significativa (p=0,0005), correspondendo a 8,31±0,06% de um período para o outro. A
correlação entre VO2máximo e o IMC, por sua vez, não foi significativa (p=0,28; p=0,15). Discussão: Os dados obtidos nos levam a inferir que as
atletas não alteraram significativamente o IMC; no entanto, melhoraram a sua condição cardiorrespiratória, respondendo de forma positiva aos
estímulos do treinamento.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
Antropometria; Cardiorrespiratória; Índice de Massa Corporal.
Capacidad
cardiorespiratoria e índice de masa corporal en una periodización del equipo de futsal femenino
adulto en la
Universidade Norte
do
Paraná,
en
Londrina
RESUMEN
Introducción: Evaluaciones físicas son necesarias para proponer entrenamiento físico, particularmente en una periodización de entrenamiento en
el futsal adulto femenino, cuyo asunto hay pocos estudios. El estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la alteración cardiorespiratoria (VO2 máximo)
y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) en la periodización del entrenamiento de jugadoras del futsal adulto de la Universidad Norte do Paraná, en el
Brasil. Materiales y Métodos: La muestra fue compuesta por 12 jugadoras del futsal femenino de la clase adulta de nivel nacional (edad=23±4
años). Después de lectura y asignatura del término del consentimiento, se calculó lo IMC y fuera utilizado el Shuttle Run Test, propuesto por Léger
y Lambert. Resultados: Lo IMC no alteró significantemente (p=0,93) entre los períodos competitivos, presentando una discreta disminución de
0,31±0,02%; en relación al VO2máximo, hubo una significante alteración (p=0,0005) correspondiente al 8,31±0,06% de un período para otro.
La correlación entre VO2máximo y lo IMC no fue significante (p=0,28; p=0,15). Discusión: Los datos obtenidos permiten concluir que las atletas
no cambiaron con significancia lo IMC, sin embargo, se presentó mejora en la condición cardiorespiratoria, respondiendo positivamente a los
estímulos inducidos por el entrenamiento.
PALABRAS CLAVE
Antropometría; Cardiorrespiratória; Índice de Masa Corporal.
INTRODUCTION
A futsal game alternates moments of high intensity,
with periods of low and medium intensity, characterizing
as a modality of intermittent effort.
Physical evaluations that can reflect the athletes’
physical conditions in certain modality have been researched for some time1,2, but in female futsal, specially,
there are few studies in a training periodization, particularly in our country.
In the attempt of creating a more feasible and of easy
applicability, Legér and Lambert3 developed the Shuttle
Run Test of 20m.
In this perspective, this study tried to check possible
alterations in the maximum VO2 and in body mass index
442
(BMI) in the annual periodization of the adult female futsal team of Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR),
using the Shuttle Run Test of 20m3 and an anthropometric
evaluation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Subjects
For this study, a sample of 12 female futsal players
of the adult category (age=23±4 years old), national
level, was considered. The distribution for the analysis
happened by the game position: three goalkeepers; four
central factors/rows; two fix/rows; three rows. All the ath-
Fit Perf J. 2009 Nov-Dec;8(6):441-5.
C ardiorespiratory
letes agreed to participate voluntarily in the study and
signed a consenting statement, deciding if they would
take part and/or abandon the study in case of indisposition or lesion perception.
Procedures
After reading and signing the Informed Consent
Form, 12 athletes were present in the evaluation room
for the realization of the following battery of tests proposed: measure of the body mass and stature and BMI
calculus.
For the realization of the 20m Shuttle Run Test3, the
following equipment were necessary: futsal court (40m),
CD player, CD with the test sonorous sign, ten cones,
duck tape, 30m tape measure, chronometer, note sheets,
clipboards and heart frequency monitors. The tests were
carried out in the preparatory and competitive period,
respectively on August 4th and October 5th, 2007.
The female athletes ran together in two groups of six
people each, performing the task one group at a time,
with a 1.5m distance between them and in a cadenced
rhythm by a CD recorded specially to this; it should go
through a 20m space, delimited by two parallel lines.
The CD emits signs with specific intervals for each
stage, in order that, in each sonorous sound, the evaluated must cross with one foot one of the parallel lines,
i.e., get out of one of the lines, run from one direction to
the other, cross it with at least one of the feet when hearing a sign and come back in the other way.
In each completed stage, the CD emitted two sonorous consecutive signs and one voice signaling the completed stage number. The time duration depends on the
cardiorespiratory aptness of each person, being maximum and progressive, less intense in the beginning and
if it is more intense in the end, executing a possible total
of 21 minutes (stages).
In the first stage, the speed was 8.5km/h, which corresponds to a fast walk or a slow trot, adding 0.5km/h
to each next stage, lasting about one minute. In each
stage, from 7 to 15 leavings and comings of 20m are
carried out.
A 2m distance before the parallel lines is the exclusion area (adjacent) of the test, i.e., every athlete that was
before this strip to the sonorous sign would be guided to
fasten the run, and if she could not the follow the rhythm,
she would be excluded from the test, i.e, the test finished
when the assessed could not anymore follow the rhythm
imposed by the CD. The last reached stage was noted
to obtain the maximum VO2 in mL/kg/min, through the
published equations3 (Charts 1 and 2).
To check the heart frequency during the test, each
athlete ran with a heart frequency monitor, POLAR brand
model F4, noting the values before and after the test.
Fit Perf J. 2009 Nov-Dec;8(6):441-5.
capacity and body mass index
Chart 1 - Specifications for the test’s realization
Stages
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Speed
(km/h)
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
17.0
17.5
18.0
18.5
Number of
Time between
leavings/
Bips (per seconds) comings
(complete stage)
9.00
7
8.00
8
7.57
8
7.20
8
6.85
9
6.54
9
6.26
10
6.00
10
7.76
10
5.53
11
5.33
11
5.14
12
4.96
12
4.80
13
4.64
13
4.50
13
4.36
14
4.23
14
4.11
15
4.00
15
3.89
15
Source: Leger and Lambert3.
Chart 2 - Prediction equations of maximum VO2 in mL/
kg/min of the Shuttle Run Test3
People from 6 to 18 years old
People from 18 years old or more
Y=31.025 + 3.238 X –
3.248 A + 0.1536 AX
Y=-24.4 + 6.0 X
y=maximum VO2 in mL/kg/min.; X=velocity in km/h (in the reached
stage); A: age in years1.
A training period was allowed for the athletes for
adaptation to the rhythm imposed by CD (sound sign)
and, every moment, they were stimulated to reach their
maximum.
In the end of each athlete’s test, the reached stage
and final heart frequency were registered.
Statistics analysis
The descriptive statistics was used to determine the
mean and standard deviation in the variables: age, body
mass, stature, BMI, initial and final heart frequency,
number of complete stages and maximum VO2. For the
maximum VO2 values comparison and BMI in different
moments, after the data normality was verified, by means
of the Shapiro & Wilk4 test, the pared Student’s t-test was
used. The correlation between the BMI and maximum
VO2, before and after the test by Pearson’s correlation
coefficient, was also checked. For both tests, the significance level adopted was p≤0.05.
443
P acheco , G omes , B alvedi , B usto , S anchez , J unior
RESULTS
BMI
The results of the anthropometric evaluation and
sample description carried out in the preparatory period showed that the athletes have about 61.0±6.1kg,
1.65±0.06m of stature, and 22.4±2.1kg∙m-2 BMI.
The BMI variation between the preparatory and competitive periods by athletes indicates that seven athletes,
or 58.3% of the sample total, present BMI increase. The
other five or 4.1.6% obtained lower BMI values from a
period to the other. The highest increase was 0.47kg∙m-2or
2.0%; and decrease of 1.1kg∙m-2 or 4.4%, providing a
general mean of decrease of 1.0kg∙m-2 or 0.3%.
When evaluating the futsal athletes’ anthropometric variables of the adult Brazilian female selection,
the following BMI values in the competitive period
were: 23.5±2.3 for the goalkeepers; 21.8±1.6 for
the rows; 22.2±2.2 for central factors and 22.4±1.8
for the fix5.
However, to verify if the difference of the BMI between
the preparatory and competitive periods was statistically
significant, the paired Student’s t-test was applied. The
results were t=0.087; p=0.93. Although the BMI has
reduced, in mean, from a period to the other, this difference was not considered statistically significant.
Maximum VO2
The increase was about 3.75mL∙kg-1∙min-1, with a
variation percentage of 8.31%, which demonstrates that
the athletes have improved their cardiorespiratory capacity from one training period to the other.
The results show that the increase of maximum VO2
by the athletes from the preparatory to the competitive
period was significant (t=-4.840; p=0.0005). It can be
seen that the athletes answered positively to the training
stimuli and its specific requirements.
Graphic 1 - Means of the body mass index and maximum
VO2 between the periods
Preparatory
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
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Competitive
43.85
47.6
22.45 22.37
IMC kg·m-2
maximum VO2
- mL·kg-1·min-1
The athletes that exercise exclusively the row position
obtained higher percentage of maximum VO2 increase
(11.9%), followed by goalkeepers, who had a 9.62% increase, and central factor/row and fix/row, of 6.94 and
3.61%, respectively. These data denote that the row and
goalkeeper position present values above the mean of
the team’s total variation, and the fix/row and central
factor/row positions, values inferior to the general mean
of 8.31% increase.
The fix/row, goalkeeper and central factor/row athletes did not present significant changes. The row position demonstrated to alter statistically significant; however, it must be emphasized that the tendency of the
central factor/row position in presenting close value to
the significance level.
The Graphic 1 analysis shows that there was an increase of the maximum VO2 seen, changing from 43.8
to 47.6mL∙kg-1∙min-1 between the periods, and decrease
in the BMI of 22.4 to 22.3kg∙m-2.
Correlation between the BMI and maximum VO2
Although the Pearson’s lineal correlation coefficients
showed a negative tendency (as smaller is the BMI, better
is the result in the maximum VO2 test), the values were not
considered statistically significant: (a) preparatory period: R=0.33, p=0.284; (b) competitive period: r=0.43;
p=0.156.
DISCUSSION
An excess of the body weight (fat) can damage the
athlete in the performance of speed race, because it
adds a non-strength weight (fat) producer1. Besides, it
increases the cost of the performed work in activities that
require movement from the total body mass6. The muscular mass tends to, still, have a positive relation with the
physical performance, especially in respect to the speed
of dislocation and muscular strength abilities7.
The futsal players run a mean distance of 6,000m, 11%
of the total distance is ran in a rhythm of 0 to 1m.s.-1, 46%
in a rhythm of 1 to 3m.s.-1, 26% in a 3 to 5m.s.-1 rhythm
and 15% in a 5 to 7m.s.-18 rhythm.
This result in the present study, which is not significant in the BMI variation through the training period
can be justified by the characteristics of the studied athletes, who already, most of them, presented the appropriate weight to its stature, without overweight cases.
Therefore, small variations concerning the fat concentration and/or eventual development of muscular mass
through the year did not reflect in expressive variations
of the BMI.
Thus, the BMI variations did not explain much of the
improvement observed in the maximum VO2. If the athFit Perf J. 2009 Nov-Dec;8(6):441-5.
C ardiorespiratory
letes presented overweight, probably a lower BMI would
reflect directly in an increase of the maximum VO2 result.
Nevertheless, for the athletes with body mass compatible
to its stature, BMI is a variable with low predictive power
of oxygen consumption.
However, this study does not provide enough aids
to affirm that the observed BMI variations in the athletes, general or per position, have occurred due to
the increase or decrease of muscular mass and/or
adipose tissue, since, when concerning high level athletes, the BMI probably did not consistent represent the
alterations that came from the training. Hence, there is
the need of new studies in order that new affirmations
concerning the variation of body composition can be
made.
The physical condition of the futsal athletes is one of
the factors that interfere in the results. Although it is not
a determinant element, the aerobe resistance influences
the team’s performance. Researchers9,10 attest that, as
bigger is the cardiorespiratory ability of the teams, bigger
is the competitive performance11.
The BMI variations by the position exerted in the
game between the periods did not demonstrate significant variation. The correlation between the maximum
VO2 and BMI of the preparatory and competitive periods
did not present statistic significance. In conclusion, the
athletes responded positively to the training stimulus from
a period to the other, considering that there was an improve of the cardiorespiratory condition by the increase
of about 8.31% of the maximum VO2, a statistically significant value.
Fit Perf J. 2009 Nov-Dec;8(6):441-5.
capacity and body mass index
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Received on: 06/30/09 – Accepted on: 10/19/09
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