Pre-Invasion Phase: Pre-1673
Exploration Phase: 1673- 1779
BR: What do you know about
Native Americans in the Chicago
region?
• “We brought a people with no
land to a land with no people”
Who most likely said this: a
European or a Native American?
Cahokiahttp://cahokiamounds.org/learn/
Native Americans
• Native peoples and settlers
had different notions of
land and who owned it
• Natives didn’t think land
should be exploited or that
anyone could own it
• Began to change when
Europeans introduced fur
trading for reasons other
than subsistence
• NA Groups around
Checagou: Potawatomi,
Shawnee, Miami, Ojibwa,
Winnebago, and others
• Treaty of Greenville- 1795
Treaty of Greenville- 1795
• After the defeat at
the battle of Fallen
Timbers, Native
Americans gave up
most of what was
Ohio to the US as
well as the future
sites of Chicago and
Detroit for $20,000
in goods.
Treaty of Greenville- 1795
• Wyandot, Delaware,
Shawnee, Ottawa,
Chippewa, Potawatomi,
Miami, Kickapoo, and
Kaskaskia signed
• Created tension as NA
refugees stream west
and have to share
territory
Day Two1803- Louisiana Purchase- Ft. Dearborn
Fort Dearborn• Most Western Fort in the US at the time
• Two Purposes:
– a fort to protect the farmers and settlers on the
frontier as well as the strategic portage
– A fur trading post- primary business and $ earner
of the area
• 1809 – American Fur Company owned by John
Jacob Astor (Astor Street) established in
Chicago. Monopolizes the Great Lakes Fur
trade. Becomes the wealthiest man in America
What was traded?
Who was trading?
• The trade began with the French
• Indians did the trapping
• They traded the furs to agents of the fur
company for items they needed or
desired
– Tobacco, rum, clothing tools, guns,
manufactured goods
Terms
• The place where trade took place were called
“factories”
• The traders who ran them were called
“factors”
• Those who paddled the canoes to and from
the indian territories were called “voyaguers”
• A central location supplied the trade goods
– Michilimackinac was the supply center for this
region
Chicago’ First Invasive Species:
The River Rat (Nutria)
BR: What do you think the stars on
Chicago’s flag stand for?
Day Three- 1803-1832
• Settlers start to trickle in to area
• Native Americans react to these illegal
immigrants
• Tecumsah begins guerilla warfare against
farmers
• War of 1812:
– Brits ally with Native Americans
– Orders to evacuate are given to the fort
– Potawatomies attacked the soldiers and settlers as
they evacuated
– Fort destroyed and burned
Star #1 on the Chicago Flag
1803-1832
• 1816- Americans came back and the Fort was
reopened
• 1821- Five million acres sold by Potawatomie
for $6000
• 1823- Ft. Dearborn closed and turned over to
the Army Corps of Engineers which begins
dredging the river
• 1831- Sauk, Fox, and Winnebago forced
across the Miss. R.
• 1832- Blackhawk wars
Sauk Chief Makataimeshekiakiah
“Blackhawk”
• Sauk chief in Iowa
• Crossed back over the
Miss. R. in 1832 to
reclaim their ancestral
land with a large military
force
• Battle of Bad Axe:
Blackhawks troops
annihilated
• Blackhawk put on parade
End of an era
• Important b/c :
– All native people’s of the
area decide to sell
remaining land the next
year
– Publicized Northern IL
– Young soldiers from E
decided to settle in the
West (IL)
– Jeff Davis, Abe Lincoln, Zach
Taylor all fought in the
Blackhawk Wars