Fungi
• Eukaryotic
Kingdom Fungi
• Heterotrophic
• Feed by absorption
• Store food as glycogen
• Cell wall is composed of chitin
• Reproduce by spores
• Hyphae - branching filaments
• Mycellium - mass of hyphae
Fungal Life Cycle
dikaryotic
1N (haploid)
2N (diploid)
meiosis
germinate
spores 1N
Evolution
Plants
Fungi
Protista
Animals
Phylum Chytridiomycota
• Chytrids
• most spherical cell with
rhizoids
• flagellated spores
Figure 22.3
Phylum Zygomycota
• Nonseptate hyphae - no cell walls between nuclei
•
Reproduce by zygospore
+ strain
- strain
zygospore
Asexual Sporangium
spores
Sporangium
Meiosis -> spores
+ strain 1N
- strain 1N
Zygospore
2N
Rhizopus Life Cycle
Fig. 22.4
Phylum Ascomycota
• Sac Fungi
• Septate hyphae
•
Spores produced in ascus (plural asci)
spore
ascus
Ascomycota - Cup Fungus
Life Cycle of Sac Fungus
Figure 22.6
Morel
Parasitic Cup Fungi
Ergot on Grain (LSD)
Figure 22B
Chestnut Blight
Yeast
• Single-celled sac fungus
• Budding (mitosis)
• Ferments sugar to
alcohol and CO2
Saccharomyces - bread, beer and wine making
Candida - yeast infections
Penicillium Mold
conidia
Conidia of Aspergillus
Figure 22.5
Soy Sauce
Athelete’s
Foot
Ringworm
Figure 22.8
Black Mold
•
•
•
•
Stachobotryx
Sick building syndrome
flu-like symptoms
fatigue
Figure 22.7
Phylum Basidiomycota
• Club fungi
• Septate hyphae
•
Spores form on basidium (plural basidia)
basidium
spore
Gill
Life Cycle
of Club
Fungus
Figure 22.9
Puffballs
Figure 22.10
Shelf Fungus (Turkey Tails)
Shelf Fungus
Rust-parasitic fungus
Corn
Smutparasitic
fungus
Figure 22.11
Lichens
•
•
•
•
Green algae & sac fungus
Mutualistic relationship – both benefit
Symbiosis - live in close association
Activity 8
Dichotomous Key