]cnØnXn
hntPjv IrjvW
F®-¸-\-I‑r-j‑n-¡‑mb‑n X‑ob‑n-S‑p¶ ag-¡‑m-S‑p-I-f‑n \‑n¶‑v C\‑n Hc‑p Dd‑m-§‑v-þ-D‑-«‑m-s‑âb‑p‑w cà-¡d
D]-t‑`‑m-à‑m-¡-f‑mb \½‑ps‑S s‑s‑II-f‑n ]‑pc-f‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡-s‑«.
Krishna, V., 2016. “Ennappanayum Orangutanum Thammil” (“Between Oil palm and Orangutan”).
Keralakarshakan 61(7): 34-35.
Abstract (English summary from Malayalam):
The oil farm and rubber monocultures have been expanding to the low-land rainforest systems of
Sumatra, causing significant damage to environment and ecosystems. However, there has been
only a limited number of research studies carried out on the environment and development
implications of such land use changes, albeit obtaining wide coverage in the international media.
Determinants and implications of these land use changes are being examined by EFForTs project,
which is a collaboration between German and Indonesian researchers. The studies have indicated
that oil palm adoption has negative environmental and positive livelihood impacts. The paper also
mentions about the importance of RSPO certification to ensure more sustainable land use
practices in the region.
34 tIcfIÀjI³ s^{_phcn 2016
]cnØnXn
hntPjv IrjvW
F®-¸-\-I‑r-j‑n-¡‑mb‑n X‑ob‑n-S‑p¶ ag-¡‑m-S‑p-I-f‑n \‑n¶‑v C\‑n Hc‑p Dd‑m-§‑v-þ-D‑-«‑m-s‑âb‑p‑w cà-¡d
D]-t‑`‑m-à‑m-¡-f‑mb \½‑ps‑S s‑s‑II-f‑n ]‑pc-f‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡-s‑«.
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h‑neb‑nS‑nh‑ns‑â I‑mcW§Ä t‑XS‑pt‑¼‑mg‑mh‑m‑w
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f‑n \‑ndª‑p \‑n¡‑p¶‑pï‑v. F®¸\ Dï‑m¡‑p¶
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{‑I‑qcXb‑ps‑S Dt‑]‑me‑v]¶‑w F¶‑v N‑nes‑c¦‑ne‑p‑w h‑nt‑ij‑n
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b‑ne‑p‑w F¯‑nt‑¨À¶X‑v ]s‑¯‑m¼X‑m‑w \‑qä‑mï‑ne‑mW‑v.
`‑qa[‑yt‑cJ‑m{‑]t‑Zi§f‑n BW‑v CX‑nt‑\äh‑p‑w A\‑p
t‑b‑mP‑ya‑mb I‑me‑mhØ. hfs‑c¡‑pd¨‑p hf{‑]t‑b‑mK
¯‑n t‑]‑me‑p‑w CX‑v aä‑p F®h‑nfIf‑mb k‑qc‑yI‑m´‑n‑,
t‑k‑mb‑m_‑o³ F¶‑nhs‑b At‑]£‑n¨‑v 6 a‑pXÂ 10
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j‑y³ Kh¬s‑aâ‑pIÄ
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34 tIcfIÀjI³ s^{_phcn 2016
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j‑nb‑v¡‑mb‑n k‑pa‑m{‑Xb‑ns‑e h\{‑]t‑Zi§f‑nt‑e¡‑v
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k‑pl‑mÀt‑X‑m Kh¬s‑aâ‑v Bh‑nj‑v¡c‑n¨‑p \S¸‑ne‑m¡‑n¯‑p
S§‑nbX‑p‑w A¡‑me¯‑mW‑v. CX‑n\‑p ]‑pdt‑a F®¸\
t‑¯‑m«§Ä¡‑mb‑n Bb‑nc¡W¡‑n\‑p s‑lI‑vSÀ h\`‑qa‑n
k‑zI‑mc‑yI¼\‑n¡‑v ]X‑n¨‑p s‑I‑mS‑p¡‑pIb‑p‑w s‑Nb‑vX‑p.
Cs‑XÃ‑m‑w s‑I‑mï‑v 1990þÂ 7 e£‑w s‑lI‑vSÀ Dï‑mb‑nc‑p¶
Ct‑´‑mt‑\j‑y³ F®¸\I‑rj‑n a‑p¸X‑p hÀj‑w s‑I‑mï‑v
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Hc‑p {‑][‑m\ h‑na‑m¯‑mhf‑wþP‑m‑w_‑nþa‑mk§t‑f‑mf‑w
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P‑m‑w_‑n‑) F¶ {‑]t‑b‑mK‑w Xs‑¶ C‑u {‑]i‑v\¯‑ns‑â
I‑mT‑n\‑y‑w h‑yàa‑m¡‑p¶‑p.
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¯‑n\‑p h‑oS‑v I‑qS‑nb‑mW‑v. Ht‑«s‑d A]‑qÀh ]£‑nIf‑p‑w
kk‑yh‑n`‑mK§f‑p‑w Ch‑ns‑Sb‑pï‑v‑, AYh‑m Dï‑mb‑n
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_‑m¡‑nb‑pÅ s‑Nd‑pag¡‑mS‑pIf‑nt‑e¡‑p‑w DÄhe‑nª‑nc‑n
¡‑p¶‑p.'' Cs‑X¸ä‑n Kt‑hjW‑w \S¯‑p¶ PÀ½³
i‑mk‑v{‑XÚ³ s‑Ih‑n³ ZÀc‑mk‑v ]db‑p¶‑p. aä‑p P‑ohP‑m
e§f‑ps‑S I‑mc‑yh‑p‑w h‑yX‑yk‑vXa‑mh‑nà Xs‑¶. CX‑n\‑p]‑pd
t‑ab‑mW‑v ag¡‑mS‑v \i‑oIcW‑w I‑mcW‑w Dï‑mI‑p¶
Bt‑K‑mfX‑m]\‑w. N‑ne Z‑nhk§f‑n Ct‑´‑mt‑\j‑y³
I‑m«‑pX‑o a‑qea‑pï‑mI‑p¶ {‑K‑o³l‑uk‑v h‑mXI§f‑ps‑S
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S‑p¶X‑nt‑\¡‑mÄ I‑qS‑pXet‑{‑X.
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k‑pa‑m{‑X³ ag¡‑mS‑v \i‑oIcWh‑p‑w AX‑pï‑m¡‑p¶
]‑mc‑nØ‑nX‑nIþk‑m¼¯‑nI BL‑mX§f‑p‑w i‑mk‑v{‑X‑o
ba‑mb‑n A[‑nI‑w h‑niIe\‑w s‑N¿s‑¸«‑n«‑nÃ. C¯c‑pW
¯‑ne‑mW‑v PÀa³þCt‑´‑mt‑\j‑y³ Kt‑hjW I‑q«‑mb‑va
{‑]‑m[‑m\‑yaÀl‑n¡‑p¶X‑v. \‑me‑phÀja‑mb‑n Efforts C‑u
]²X‑n \‑qt‑d‑mf‑w i‑mk‑v{‑XKt‑hjIs‑c Hc‑p I‑pS¡‑og‑nÂ
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F®¸\ a‑m{‑XaÃ‑, k‑pa‑m{‑Xb‑n h‑y‑m]Ia‑mb dºÀ
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hc‑p¯‑p¶‑pï‑v F¶ C‑u ]T\§Ä s‑hf‑nh‑m¡‑p¶‑p.
CX‑ns‑\‑mc‑p ad‑phi‑w I‑qS‑nb‑pï‑v. H«‑pa‑n¡ s‑Nd‑p
I‑nS IÀjIc‑ps‑Sb‑p‑w P‑oh‑nX k‑uIc‑y§Ä F®¸\
I‑rj‑nb‑ne‑qs‑S s‑a¨s‑¸«‑n«‑pï‑v F¶X‑mW‑v AX‑v. IÀjI
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k‑pa‑m{‑Xb‑ne‑pa‑pï‑v. CX‑pXs‑¶b‑mW‑v dºÀ IÀjIÀ
A`‑na‑pJ‑oIc‑n¡‑p¶ Gäh‑p‑w {‑][‑m\ {‑]i‑v\‑w. dºd‑n\‑v
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s‑hd‑p‑w 2-þ3 s‑lI‑vSÀ dºÀt‑X‑m«¯‑n\‑p Bhi‑ya‑mb
s‑X‑mg‑n Z‑n\§Ä s‑I‑mï‑v 8þ10 s‑lI‑vSÀ F®¸\
t‑\‑m¡‑n\S¯‑m³ ]ä‑p‑w. Hc‑p s‑lI‑vSd‑n \‑n¶‑pa‑pÅ BZ‑m
b¯‑n\‑p (Hc‑p hÀj‑w GX‑mï‑v 75000 c‑q] s‑lI‑vSÀ
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{‑I‑nt‑Ì‑m^‑v I‑p_‑nä‑vkb‑p‑w Ht‑ck‑zc ¯‑n ]db‑p¶‑p.
h³ k‑m¼¯‑nI e‑m`‑w H¶‑ps‑I‑mï‑pa‑m{‑X‑w F®
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a§f‑n h‑mÀ¯IÄ Dï‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. ag¡‑mS‑pIÄ
I‑rj‑n¡‑mb‑n \i‑n¸‑n¡‑ms‑X k‑wc£‑n¡‑pI hg‑n Ct‑´‑mt‑\
j‑y¡‑p Dï‑mI‑p¶ k‑m¼¯‑nI \j‑vS‑w \‑nI¯‑m³
t‑\‑mÀt‑h t‑]‑me‑pÅ b‑qt‑d‑m]‑y³ c‑mP‑y§Ä h³ k‑m¼¯‑nI
Ic‑md‑pIÄ Dï‑m¡‑nb‑n«‑pï‑v. DZ‑mlcW¯‑n\‑v 2010 Â
A¶s‑¯ Ct‑´‑mt‑\j‑y³ {‑]k‑nUâ‑v b‑pt‑[‑mt‑b‑mt‑W‑m
t‑\‑mÀt‑hb‑pa‑mb‑n H‑mt‑É‑m Ic‑md‑n GÀs‑¸«‑p. \‑qd‑p t‑I‑mS‑n
t‑U‑mfd‑n\‑p ]Ica‑mb‑n h\\i‑oIcW‑w KW‑ya‑mb‑n
I‑pd¡‑m³ C‑u Ic‑mÀ h‑yhØ s‑Nb‑vX‑nc‑p¶‑p. F¶‑mÂ
C‑u ag¡‑mS‑pIf‑ps‑S k‑wc£W‑w Hc‑p he‑nb ]c‑n[‑n
hs‑c \‑m‑w D]t‑`‑mà‑m¡f‑ps‑S s‑s‑Ib‑ne‑mW‑v. ]‑m‑wH‑mb‑nÂ
t‑N‑mt‑¢ä‑v a‑pX a‑pJk‑uµc‑yt‑e]\§f‑n hs‑c
D]t‑b‑mK‑n¨‑phc‑p¶‑p F¶X‑n\‑me‑mWX‑v. k‑pØ‑nc
F®¸\I‑rj‑n Dd¸‑p hc‑p¯‑m³ RSPO (Round Table
on Sustainable Palm Oil) kÀ«‑n^‑n¡ä‑v ]e I¼\‑nIf‑p‑w
\‑nÀ_Ôa‑m¡‑n hc‑p¶‑pï‑v. CX‑phg‑n \½‑ps‑S c‑mP‑y‑w
Cd¡‑paX‑n ]‑m‑wH‑mb‑n Dï‑m¡‑nbX‑v ]‑mc‑nØ‑nX‑nI {‑]
i‑v\§Ä Dï‑m¡‑nb‑n«Ã F¶‑pd¸‑v hc‑p¯‑m³ Ig‑nb‑p¶‑p.
F®¸\¡‑rj‑n¡‑mb‑n X‑ob‑nS‑p¶ ag¡‑mS‑pIf‑n \‑n¶‑v
Dd‑mM‑vþD‑u«‑ms‑âb‑p‑w aä\h[‑n P‑ohP‑me§f‑ps‑Sb‑p‑w
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Hc‑p hg‑n.
PÀa\n tKm«n³K³ kÀh-I-em-im-e-bnse ko\n-bÀ dnkÀ¨v
s^tÃmbpw km¼-¯nI imkv{X-Ú-\p-amWv teJ-I³.
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H‑m
d-©‑n {‑]k‑n-²-a‑mW‑v a´‑m-c‑n³ H‑md-©‑v.
]g-¯‑ns‑â t‑a·-b‑n t‑{‑ij‑vT-a‑mb C‑u
H‑md-©‑ns‑â i‑mk‑v{‑X‑o-b-\‑ma‑w: k‑n{‑Sk‑v
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ka-X-e-{‑]-t‑Z-i-§-f‑n I‑mb‑v]‑n-S‑p¯‑w I‑pd-s‑h-¦‑ne‑p‑w
I‑uX‑p-I-¯‑n\‑v h‑o«‑p-h-f-¸‑n hfÀ¯‑m‑w.
Ae‑v]‑w Aa‑vfK‑pWt‑ad‑nb a®‑mW‑v a³U‑md‑n³
I‑yj‑n¡‑v A\‑pt‑b‑mP‑y‑w. s‑hÅs‑¡«‑pÅ k‑vYe§Ä
a³U‑mc‑n³ I‑yj‑n¡‑v A\‑pt‑b‑mP‑yaÃ. \Ã Bt‑c‑mK‑y
t‑¯‑ms‑S hfc‑p¶ d‑q«‑v k‑vt‑ä‑m¡‑pIf‑n k‑nt‑b‑mW‑pIÄ
H«‑n¨‑p t‑NÀ¯ {Km^väp-Ifpw ]Xn-ss¯-Ifpw \
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s‑s‑XIs‑f¡‑mÄ Pet‑kN\‑w I‑qS‑pXÂ t‑hïX‑v
Ah aca‑mb‑n a‑md‑p¶ Zib‑ne‑mW‑v. CSh‑nfIf‑pÅ
t‑X‑m«§Ä¡‑v Pee`‑yX A[‑nIa‑mb‑n Dd¸‑phc‑p¯W‑w.
hf{‑]t‑b‑mK¯‑n\‑v a®‑p]c‑nt‑i‑m[\ X‑nI¨‑p‑w A\‑n
h‑mc‑ya‑mW‑v. a®‑ns‑â ]‑n.F¨‑v.a‑qe‑y‑w IW¡‑m¡‑nb
t‑ij‑w A[‑nIa‑mb‑pÅ A¾‑m‑wih‑p‑w £‑mc‑m‑wih‑p‑w
\‑nb{‑´‑n¡‑m\‑pÅ a‑mÀK§Ä k‑z‑oIc‑n¡‑m‑w. A¾X
\‑nb{‑´‑n¡‑m³ \‑oä‑pI¡ D]t‑b‑mK‑n¡‑m‑w. \S‑oe‑n\‑p
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\‑pkc‑n¨‑pÅ hf{‑]t‑b‑mK¯‑ns‑â Afhd‑nb‑m³ ]«nI
t‑\‑m¡‑pI:
{‑]‑mb‑w
hf{‑]t‑b‑mKw Hc‑p ac-¯‑n\‑v
Imen-hfw bqdnb
s‑]‑m«‑mj‑v
(I‑n.{‑K‑m‑w‑) (I‑n.{‑K‑m‑w‑) (I‑n.{‑K‑m‑w‑)
1-þ3 hÀj‑w
4þ-6 hÀj‑w
7þ-9 hÀj‑w
10 hÀjh‑p‑w
AX‑nt‑es‑db‑p‑w
5-þ20
25þ-50
60-þ90
100
110-þ325
435-þ540
650-þ860
860-þ1,735
155-þ470
780-þ940
1000-þ1,400
1,400-þ2,800
tIcfIÀjI³ s^{_phcn 2016 35