SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION
BIOLOGY P2
STANDARD GRADE
2014
MARKS: 150
TIME: 2 hours
This question paper consists of 18 pages.
3
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2
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INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION
Read the following carefully before answering the questions.
1.
Answer ALL the questions.
2.
Write ALL the answers in the ANSWER BOOK.
3.
Start the answer to EACH question at the top of a NEW page.
4.
Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.
5.
You will lose marks if answers are not presented according to the instructions
of each question.
6.
Do ALL drawings in pencil and label them in ink.
7.
Draw diagrams and flow charts only when requested to do so.
8.
The diagrams in this question paper may NOT necessarily be drawn to scale.
9.
Do NOT use graph paper.
10.
You may use a non-programmable calculator, a protractor and a compass.
11.
Write neatly and legibly.
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SECTION A
QUESTION 1
1.1
Various options are given as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question
number (1.1.1–1.1.7) in the ANSWER BOOK.
1.1.1
Tropism is shown when a …
A
B
C
D
1.1.2
The central nervous system consists of the ...
A
B
C
D
1.1.3
daisy opens its petals in the early morning sun.
snail retracts into its shell when touched.
geranium plant curves towards light.
leaf falls off an oak tree in autumn.
brain only.
brain and the spinal cord.
spinal cord only.
cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata.
A child is frightened by a loud noise and shouts for help.
In which order are the different types of neurons involved in this
response?
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A
involved first
motor neuron
interneuron
involved last
sensory neuron
B
motor neuron
sensory neuron
interneuron
C
sensory neuron
motor neuron
interneuron
D
sensory neuron
interneuron
motor neuron
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1.1.4
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The diagram below shows the skin temperature of a human when
exposed to warm air and then exposed to cold air.
Human in warm air
Human in cold air
Key
Skin temperature
o
Above 26 C
o
26 C or below
Skin temperature of a human when exposed to
warm air and then exposed to cold air
What causes the observed change in skin temperature on
exposure to cold air?
A
B
C
D
1.1.5
In comparison with the blood entering the kidney, the blood leaving
the kidney contains …
A
B
C
D
1.1.6
Less blood flowing just below the skin
Less blood going to the heart and lungs
More blood flowing just below the skin
More blood going to the heart and lungs
less carbon dioxide.
less urea.
more oxygen.
more urea.
Every hour of your life conditions are monitored and adjusted to
maintain an internal environment that keeps your cells functioning.
What happens when the body temperature of a human is
controlled?
A
B
C
D
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Body temperature is made more different from environmental
temperature
Body temperature is made more different from ideal body
temperature
Body temperature is made more similar to environmental
temperature
Body temperature is made more similar to ideal body
temperature
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1.1.7
5
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The opening and the closing of stomata is due to …
A
B
C
D
1.2
1.3
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the suction force of transpiration.
turgor pressure by the surrounding epidermal cells.
change of turgor pressure in the guard cells.
the speed of transpiration.
(7 x 2)
(14)
Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions. Write
only the term next to the question number (1.2.1–1.2.6) in the ANSWER
BOOK.
1.2.1
Plants that are adapted to grow in very dry areas
1.2.2
The membrane surrounding the vacuole in a plant cell
1.2.3
A method of heat transfer in the form of heat waves from the
surface of the body to cooler air
1.2.4
The directional growth response of part of a plant to the stimulus of
gravity
1.2.5
The heat-regulating centre in the human body
1.2.6
The liquid that surrounds the cells of animals
(6)
Choose a description from COLUMN II that matches an item in COLUMN I.
Write only the letter (A–I) next to the question number (1.3.1–1.3.5) in the
ANSWER BOOK.
1.3.1
COLUMN I
Cytokines
1.3.2
Diffusion
1.3.3
Ducts of Bellini
1.3.4
1.3.5
COLUMN II
A
enables lateral movement of water in the
xylem
B
loss of water in the form of drops through the
hydothodes
Pits
C
plant growth hormones
Guttation
D
associated with exosmosis
E
spread of a solute in a solvent
F
walls contain podocytes
G
open in the calyces of the kidney
H
loss of water in the form of water vapour
through the aerial parts of a plant
I
epidermal cell modified for absorption of soil
water
(5 x 2)
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1.4
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Thembisa is investigating the diffusion of glucose molecules across a partially
permeable membrane.
She uses two solutions of glucose, A and B, separated by the partially
permeable membrane.
Partially permeable
membrane
Solution A
Solution B
Diffusion of glucose molecules across a
partially permeable membrane
The concentration of glucose in solution A is higher than in solution B. She
measures the glucose concentration in each solution every two minutes. She
records her results in arbitrary units.
Time following the start of
the investigation in
minutes
2
4
6
8
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4
Glucose concentration in arbitrary units
Solution A
Solution B
30
25
22
20
10
15
18
20
Explain ONE precaution that must be taken when setting up the
apparatus for this investigation.
(2)
Between which of these times is there the most movement of
glucose from solution A to solution B?
(2)
What do these results tell you about the link between diffusion and
concentration difference?
(2)
Look at Thembisa's results for solution A and solution B. The
glucose concentrations in the two solutions appear to have
balanced by the end of the experiment.
Predict what would happen if Thembisa added more glucose to
solution B at the end of the experiment.
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(2)
(8)
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1.5
7
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Study the apparatus below which was set up for an investigation and answer
the questions that follow.
A class of 30 learners took part in an investigation to find out how sensitive
different parts of the body are to touch.
Sharp sticks
0,5 cm
Apparatus to find out how sensitive
different parts of the body are to touch
A learner set the points of the two sharp sticks 0,5 cm apart. He then pressed
them gently on different parts of the body of a blindfolded learner. This was
repeated with all 30 learners.
The table below shows the number of learners who were able to feel
both points.
1.5.1
1.5.2
1.5.3
Part of the body tested
Number of learners feeling
both points
Forehead
Lip
Fingertip
Back of hand
Knee
15
27
29
14
9
From these results, which part of the body is most sensitive to
touch?
(1)
Explain why some parts of the body are more sensitive to touch
than others.
(2)
A different class of learners repeated the same experiment later in
the day and got similar results.
What does this suggest?
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(2)
(5)
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1.6
8
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Study the table below that shows the volume of urine produced by six
different people on a hot day and on a cold day and answer the questions that
follow.
Person
1
2
3
4
5
6
Mean
1.6.1
1.6.2
1.6.3
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Volume of urine produced in cm3
Hot day
Cold day
430
890
350
1 060
270
930
560
1 280
400
680
390
1 160
1 000
Calculate the mean volume of urine in cm3 produced on the hot
day. Show ALL workings.
(3)
What can you deduce from the difference between the mean
volume of urine produced on the hot day and the mean volume of
urine produced on the cold day?
(2)
Explain why, on a hot day, less water is lost from the body as urine.
(2)
(7)
TOTAL SECTION A:
50
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SECTION B
QUESTION 2
2.1
Study the diagram below that shows a longitudinal section of the human eye
and answer the questions that follow.
B
A
C
D
A longitudinal section of the human eye
2.1.1
Name the parts labelled B, C and D.
(3)
2.1.2
State ONE function of the part labelled A.
(2)
2.1.3
(a)
(b)
2.1.4
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State how the appearance of the pupil in the eye will change
when a person moves from dim light into an area of
bright light.
(1)
Explain how this change is brought about by structures in
the eye.
(4)
The change in appearance of the pupil when entering an area of
bright light is a reflex action.
(a)
Define the term reflex action.
(b)
Why should drugs that prevent this reflex action from
occurring be avoided?
(2)
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(2)
(14)
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2.2
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Study the diagram below that shows a section through the ear and answer the
questions that follow.
A
B
C
D
G
F
E
A section through the human ear
2.2.1
Certain parts of the ear contain air, while other parts contain fluid.
Identify from the diagram the part(s) of the ear that contain:
(a)
(b)
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
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Air
Fluid
(2)
(2)
Part G is a membrane that vibrates. Identify the TWO other
membranes that vibrate. Write down only the letters (A–G).
(2)
Write down the letter of the part of the ear that:
(a)
(b)
Detects sound waves
Is responsible for balance
(1)
(1)
(a)
(b)
Identify part E.
State the function of the part named in QUESTION 2.2.4 (a).
(1)
(2)
(11)
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QUESTION 3
3.1
A learner investigated the rate of transpiration from a leafy shoot. He used a
potometer to measure the rate of water uptake by the shoot. The diagram
shows the potometer used by the learner. Study the diagram and answer the
questions that follow.
Reservoir
Rubber
stopper
Capillary tube
with scale
Air
bubble
A potometer
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
The learner cut the shoot and put it into the potometer under water.
Explain why.
(2)
The learner wanted to calculate the rate of water uptake by the
shoot in cm3 per minute. What measurements did he need to take?
(2)
The learner assumed that water uptake was equivalent to the rate
of transpiration. Give TWO reasons why this might NOT be a valid
assumption.
(4)
The learner measured the rate of water uptake three times.
(a)
(b)
3.1.5
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How does the reservoir allow for measurements to be
repeated?
(2)
Why did he repeat the measurements?
(2)
State TWO environmental factors that can influence the rate of
transpiration.
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(2)
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3.2
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Study the diagram below that shows some of the cells found in the root of a
plant and answer the questions that follow.
Cell 1
Root hair cell
Cell 2
A
Film of soil
water
Soil particle
The cells found in the root of a plant
3.2.1
Name the structure labelled A.
(1)
3.2.2
The water moves from the soil into the root hair cell by osmosis.
Explain what is meant by osmosis.
(3)
List THREE characteristics of the root hair cells that enable them to
increase the uptake of water from the soil.
(3)
3.2.3
3.2.4
Which of the root hair cell, cell 1 or cell 2, correspond with the
statements (a) to (d) below?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
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The cell with the highest solute concentration
The cell with the lowest solute concentration
The cell nearest to the xylem vessels
The cell with the highest availability of water
(4)
(11)
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QUESTION 4
4.1
The musk ox lives in very cold and icy conditions. An adult musk ox is 2,5 m
long and 1,4 m high at the shoulder. Adults usually have a mass of about
400 kg.
Study the photograph of a musk ox below and use the information above and
in the photograph to answer the question that follows.
A photograph of a musk ox
4.2
Explain TWO ways in which a musk ox is adapted for survival in very cold and
icy conditions.
(2 x 2)
(4)
Explain ONE difference between endothermic and ectothermic animals.
(4)
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4.3
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The diagram below shows the structures involved in the knee-jerk reflex.
When the tendon is struck with a hammer, the receptor is stimulated and the
lower leg moves forward.
Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.
C
Muscle
B
A
Hammer
Receptor
Tendon
A knee-jerk reflex
4.3.1
Name the structures labelled A, B and C.
(3)
4.3.2
What is the function of the receptor?
(2)
4.3.3
What is the effector in this response?
(1)
(6)
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4.4
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Study the diagram below that shows the activities in the human body and
answer the questions that follow.
X
Anterior
pituitary
Increased
thyroxin
level
Target
organs
Thyroid
stimulating
hormone
Stimulates
thyroid
4.4.1
What does this diagram illustrate?
4.4.2
(a)
(b)
4.4.3
4.4.4
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(1)
Describe the action represented by the arrow labelled X in the
diagram.
(2)
Give ONE reason why the
QUESTION 4.4.2(a) is important.
(2)
action
mentioned
in
Name TWO target organs of thyroxin and in each case state the
effect the hormone will have.
Name TWO characteristics of hormones.
(4)
(2)
(11)
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QUESTION 5
5.1
Study the diagram below that shows the human urinary system including the
kidneys and their blood vessels and answer the questions that follow.
A
B
C
The human urinary system
5.1.1
Name the structures labelled A and B.
(2)
5.1.2
State TWO substances found at a greater concentration in the
liquid stored in structure B than in the blood entering the kidney.
(2)
Name ONE substance found in the blood that is not normally
present in the liquid stored in structure B.
(1)
5.1.4
State ONE function each of the structures labelled A and C.
(4)
5.1.5
Name the process carried out by the kidney that helps to control
the regulation of water in the body.
(1)
Name ONE hormone that is involved in the process mentioned in
QUESTION 5.1.5.
(1)
5.1.3
5.1.6
5.1.7
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A person drinks a large quantity of water. How would this affect the
liquid stored in structure B?
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(2)
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5.2
17
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Study the diagram below that shows a nephron and answer the questions that
follow.
X
Y
A nephron
5.2.1
Name the parts labelled X and Y.
5.2.2
Ultrafiltration occurs in the nephron and allows some substances,
such as mineral ions, to be removed from the blood plasma.
(a)
(b)
5.2.3
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(2)
Name ONE other substance that is removed from the blood
plasma during ultrafiltration.
(1)
Give ONE reason why some substances remain in the blood
plasma during ultrafiltration.
(2)
Give ONE reason why water is reabsorbed at the proximal
convoluted tubule.
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(2)
(7)
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5.3
18
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Study the graph below which shows how the estimated number of working
nephrons in a kidney changes as a person gets older and answer the
questions that follow.
Number of working nephrons
in thousands
A graph showing how the estimated number of working
nephrons in a kidney changes as a person gets older
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Age in years
5.3.1
5.3.2
How many years, from birth, does it take for the number of working
nephrons to decrease by 50%?
(2)
Calculate the rate of loss of working nephrons per year between
the ages of 15 and 25. Show your working.
(3)
(5)
[25]
TOTAL SECTION B:
GRAND TOTAL:
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100
150