COOPIs experiences on Drought
Risk Reduction Intervention
Indicators
Impact Assessment for Fodder Production,
Animal Health Interventions and NRM in
Pastoralists and Agro-pastoralists
Communities
Presented by: Isaac Wamugi
TARGET
COMMUNITIEST
Cross border
Pastoralists , Agropastoralists and
Pastoralists dropouts
WHY
FODDER,ANIMAL
HEALTH & NRM
Ecological zone iv- vlivestock rearing a
major livelihood system
Recurrent drought in
the region,
Natural pastures
diminish during
drought
Mandera County
endowed with Daua
River (about 200km of
Riverline)
Sample of types of projects
Funding
Mechanisms
COOPI has used diverse
funding mechanisms in
Drought Risk Reduction
initiatives
FAO-PFS formation,
mentoring, CMDRR
training, Fodder
production, Fodder
storage, linking PFS to
DRR and livestock markets
ECHO- CMDRR, Drought
Preparedness
UN-OCHA-emergency
fodder production ,storage
and animal health
Strengthening Community Managed Drought Risk Reduction in
Northern Kenya and Southern Ethiopia (SCMDRR)- Funded by
EC-ECHO (July 2010-December 2011)
Supporting Livestock Markets to Sustain Pastoralists
Economies in Mandera County, Northern Kenya- Proposal
submitted to FAO Kenya (August 2012- November 2013)
Support to vulnerable pastoralists and agro-pastoralists in
Mandera County, Northern Kenya- Funded by FAO Regional
Office Kenya (August 2011 to August 2012)
Enhancing Livestock Production to Support Vulnerable
Populations in Kenya affected by Volatile Food prices (FAO-068002)- October 2009 to December 2010
Support to Drought Affected Pastoralists and Agro pastoralists
in Mandera County, Kenya (OSRO-KEN-105-OCHA) September
2011 to February 2012)
RESILIENCE
The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to
resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard
in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and
restoration of its essential basic structures and functions (UNISDR
terminology on DRR, 2009)
CHARACTERISTIC OF RESILIENCE WITH RESPECT TO
PASTORALIST
Animal health and productivity sector
A health mix of livestock species and number able to sustain a
household socially and economically
NRM Sector
A balance between adequate grazing/forage and water resources
to match the dry and wet season grazing regimes and accessible
at the appropriate time
Enhancing livestock production to support vulnerable
populations along Daua Riverine in greater Mandera
District, Northern Kenya (PR No. FAOKE-068-002)
INTERVENTION
LOGIC
To enhance
•
Purpose/ livestock
Specific
production
Objective capacity and
mitigate the
effects of soaring
food prices and
drought impacts
for the livestock
dependent
inhabitants of
ASAL areas of
Northern Kenya
OBJECTIVELY
VERIFIABLE
INDICATORS
Benefiting
households’
livestock fetches a
market value that
is greater by at
least 10%
compared to free
range fed
livestock by the
end of the project.
PROGRESS
Prices of animals
fed with
supplement hay
have over 50% to
200% market
prices compared
to free range
animals
Village
Bur Abor
Shariff
Gadudia
Bulla Haji
Gingo
Aressa
Sala
Type of livestock
4 years & above
Bull
4 year old bull
Heifer
2 year old goat
4 year old goat
3 year old bull
Mature female
Mature goat
4 years old bull
2 year old goat
4 years old bull
Mature heifer
4 year old bull
Heifer
2 year old goat
4 year old bull
Heifer
2 year old goat
Value when fed on
natural pasture
(Kshs)
Value when fed on
supplementary feed
e.g. Sudan Grass
(Kshs)
6,000
16,000 to 17,000
7,000 to 8,000
5,000 to 6,000
1,100
1,700
6,000
5,000
2,000
5,000
1,500
5,000
5,000
13,000
6,000
1,500
5,000
4,000
1,000
15,000
12,000
1,600
2,500
15,000
12,000
6,000
16,000
3,000
16,000
9,000
18,000
13,000
3,000 to 4,000
15,000
9,000
3,000
INTERVENTION
LOGIC
Result 1 Improved
health,
nutritional
status of
animals and
value of
pastoral
livestock
OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE
INDICATORS
PROGRESS
Each of the benefiting farmers
received income of at least
Ksh. 5,000 from sale of surplus
fodder by May 2010
Hay bales sells at Ksh.200-500
depending on drought situation.
Farmers able to have surplus of
minimum 25 bales which when sold at
minimum 200 fetches Ksh. 5,000. In
reality, farmers are selling the hay at
prices of Ksh. 400 to 600 due to the
prevailing drought situation and
hence fetching more that Ksh. 5,000
Each of the benefiting farmers
able to stock 100 bales of hay
for use during critical periods
by end of project.
Benefiting households’
livestock maintains a healthy
state leading to improved
market value of at least 10%
and increased milk productivity
of 20% by end of the project.
Supported farmers produced between
100 to 1,000 bales depending on the
strength of the farmer
Market value of animal improved by
50% to 200% with milk yield improving
by over 100% after feed with hay (see
summary of comparatives pricesImpact data folder)
*Please note that that animals are not
necessary sold after being fed with
supplements.
Farmer’s Name
Village
Mr. Mohamed Saman Bur Abor
Mr. Ali Kassim
Ms Halima Hussein
Mr. Hussein Humow
Mr. Mukhtar Sheikh
Mr. Nur Abdisalat
Ms Adey Dahir
Mr. Haji Ibrahim
Mr. Adan Diyat
Mr. Said Rahoy
Mr Hassan Noor
Mr. Hussein Maalim
Ms Nuriah Adan
Mr. Ali Mursal Adan
Mr Yunis Adan
Mr Billow Adan Abdi
Fikow
Fikow
Fikow
Gingo
Bella
Bella
Aressa
Aressa
Aressa
Sala
Sala
Sala
Shariff
Shariff
Shariff
Milk production
without
supplementary
feeding (Est.
Litres)
Cow - 1.5
Cow – 1.0
Goats (3) – 1.0
Cow – 1.0
Goat(3) – 3/4
Cow – 1.0
Goat – 0.3
Cow – 1.0
Goats (3) – 0.5
Cow – 1.5
Goat – 0.25
Milk production Value of milk (Kshs)
with
1 cup (300ml)
supplementary
feeding (Est.
Litres)
Cow - 3.0
Per cup (300ml)
Cow – 30/=
Goat – 30/=
Camel – 30/=
Cow – 2.5
Per litre
Goats (3) – 3.0 Cow – 60/=
Goat- 75/=
Cow – 4.0
Per litre
Goat(3) – 1.5
Cow – 50/=
Goat – 50/=
Cow – 3.0
Per litre
Goat – 1.0
Cow – 50/=
Goat – 60/=
Cow – 2.0
Per litre
Goats (3) – 1.5 Cow – 40/=
Goats – 50/=
Cow – 2.5
Per 250ml
Goat – 1.0
Cow – 25/=
Goat – 30/=
Support to drought affected pastoralists and agropastoralist in Mandera County, Northern Kenya PR NO.
FAOKE-105-002
INTERVENTION
LOGIC
To lessen impact
Purpose/ of drought on
Specific households’
Objective food security
and preserve
critical
livelihoods
assets
OBJECTIVELY
VERIFIABLE
INDICATORS
At least 100,000
animals are
maintained at
productive state
to allow for herd
recovery after
drought by the
end of the
project
PROGRESS
During the period, a
total of 154,953 animals
were given prophylactic
treatment to enhance
their resilience to
drought. It is estimated
that at least 95% of the
treated animals
(150,000) remained at
productive state by the
end of the project
Description
Albendazole 10% - Oral suspension containing 100
mg/ml (10%) Albendazole broad spectrum
antihelminthic.
Multivitamin- Aqueous solution containing Vitamin A, D,
E, B(1,2,6,12) Nicotinamide, Dexpanthenol and
antimicrobial.
Oxytetracycline 20% - broad spectrum antibiotic for
treatment and control of infections caused or associated
with a large number of Gram positive and negative
bacteria
Penstrep L.A penicillin/ streptomycin- Procaine
penicillin BP 200mg, dihydrostreptomycin Sulphate BP
250 mg and 1.5 mg Nipasept sodium as antimicrobial
preservative
Ivermectin 1%- A sterile, non-aqueous solution for
injection containing 1.0% w/v Ivermectin Ph. Eur (10mg
in 1m).
Flumethrin pour-on 1% w/v, is evenly applied. as one
continuous strip all along the mid-dorsal line from head
to the tail against flies and ticks.
Novidium-Homidium Chloride 200mg
QTY
Unit
975
Beneficiary
1 litre Drugs used
treat
beneficiaries
450 100 ml bottle livestock (
Mandera
East, Lafey
240 100 ml bottle and Mandera
Central
districts)
90 100 ml bottle
3510
90
50 ml bottle
(1755 x
100ml)
1 litre
20
100 tab tin
Intervention
Logic
Result 1 Livelihood
assets of
pastoralists
households
affected by
drought are
preserved and
protected
against
drought effects
Objectively verifiable
Indicators
At least 100,000 Livestock
herds (10,000 cattle, 10,000
camels, 78,000 shoats, and
2,000 donkeys)for at least
3,000 households are
given prophylactic/stress
reducing treatments to
enhance resilience to
drought by the end of the
project
Progress
In total, 154,953 livestock species from
1955 households were given
prophylactic treatments against
external and internal parasites. Sick
animals were also treated. Breakdown
of treated animals are as follows:
Cattle15,635
Shoats- 131,310
Camels5,532
Donkeys- 2,476
The stress reducing treatment ensures
that animals become resilience to
drought/dry season stress and hence
are able to survive droughts or
extended dry seasons
10 PFS and selected
At least each PFS has maintained a 2
farmers grow quick
acre group plot for growing Hay. In
maturing fodder on at least October 2013, PFS groups had 15,860
20 acres of land to
bales of hay for PFS groups and
supplement drought
14,050 for individual members
stressed animals by the
*8 Achieved 6 months after project
end of the project
ended
PFS FODDER OUTPUTS AND INCOMES
October 15th 2012 assessments
Name of PFS
Kamil PFS
No of
members
Group Fodder
Oct. 2012
Individuals
members
Fodder
Value @ USD
3.5 per bale
31
Liban PFS
32
1,800
2,860
Bananey PFS
Towfiq PFS
Horsed PFS
30
30
33
1,600
1,300
2,800
2,500
10,094
5,647
4,588
6,250
Iftin PFS
20
1,000
Sharif PFS
20
1,800
Wathajir PFS
20
2,300
Jin PFS
20
200
Holwethag PFS
20
200
256
15,860
15,176
31,941
3,529
6,353
5,300
26,824
706
706
14,050
105,565
Project: Enhanced Drought Preparedness Adaptive Strategies in
Northern Kenya and Southern Ethiopia (EDPAS) ECHO/HF/BUD/2009/01001
INTERVENTION
LOGIC
Results
Access and
usage time of
previously
underutilized
grazing lands is
enhanced
OBJECTIVELY
VERIFIABLE INDICATORS
Usage of 20,000
hectares of
underutilized wet
season grazing areas
in the target areas is
extended by at least 4
months per year by
end of the project;
PROGRESS
The completed 7 new are
expected to extend the
usage of about 35,000
hectares of underutilized
wet season grazing areas,
by at least 4 months per
year (calculated using 3.14r2
assuming a modest usage
of 4 km radius for each pan,
where 1km2 equals 100ha).
GOOD PRACTICES THAT
CONTRIBUTE TO RESILIENCE
 Appreciating the traditional mechanisms of survival
and improving them e.g. traditional early warning
systems
 Realising that Pastoralism is a way of life- “Don’t kill
it, strengthen it”
 Strategic planning and placement of NRM support
infrastructure using the “Do no harm approach”
(water points, market structures, settlement centres,
new agriculture land ...)
 Participatory planning and implementation of
projects
APPRECIATION
The experiences are based on initiatives through
the generous support of FAO Kenya, FAO Regional,
ERF OCHA, and ECHO to COOPI.