Community Biodiversity
Management
Promoting resilience and the
conservation of plant genetic resources
Edited by
Walter Simon de Boef,
Abishkar Subedi, Nivaldo Peroni,
Marja Thijssen and
Elizabeth O'Keeffe
S3
Routledge
Taylor & Francis Group
earthscan
LONDON AND NEW YORK
from Routledge
|
Contents
List of contributors :
.
Foreword by Professor M.S. Swaminathan
Preface and acknowledgements
List of abbreviations
xii
xxii
xxiv
xxviii
PARTI
Community biodiversity management and in situ conservation
1
1.1
3
General introduction
MARJA THIJSSEN, WALTER SIMON DE BOEF, ABISHKAR SUBEDI,
NIVALDO PERONI AND ELIZABETH O'KEEFFE
1.2
The evolution of community biodiversity management as
a methodology for implementing in situ conservation of
agrobiodiversity in Nepal
11
ABISHKAR SUBEDI, PITAMBAR SHRESTHA, MADHUSUDAN UPADHYAY
AND BHUWON STHAPIT
1.3
Community biodiversity management: defined and
contextualized
19
PRATAP SHRESTHA, PITAMBAR SHRESTHA, ABISHKAR SUBEDI,
NIVALDO PERONI AND WALTER SIMON DE BOEF
1.4
Oil-farm management of plant genetic resources through
community seed banks in Ethiopia
26
REGASSA FEYISSA, GENENE GEZU, BAYUSH TSEGAYE AND
TEMESGEN DES ALEGN
1.5
The diversity kit: restoring farmers' sovereignty over food,
seed and genetic resources in Guaraciaba, Brazil
ADRIANO CANCI, CLISTENES ANTONIO GUADAGNIN, JAIR PEDRO HENKE
AND LUCIANE LAZZARI
32
vi
1.6
Contents
Practices that contribute to the empowerment of farming
communities for managing their agrobiodiversity in Asia
JOY ANGELICA P. SANTOS DOCTOR
1.7
The Maison de la Semence Paysanne and diversity platform:
promoting agrobiodiversity in France
JENNIFER KENDALL AND ELODIE GRAS
1.8
Community biodiversity management and in situ conservation
of plant genetic resources
WALTER SIMON DE BOEF AND MARJA THIJSSEN
PART II
Practices contributing to community biodiversity
management
2.1
Practices contributing to community biodiversity
management: introduction
WALTER SIMON DE BOEF AND ABISHKAR SUBEDI
2.2
Enhancing awareness of the value of local biodiversity
in Nepal
PITAMBAR SHRESTHA, ABISHKAR SUBEDI AND BHUWON STHAPIT
2.3
Practices that contribute to promoting and appreciating
Andean crops and identity in Cotacachi, Ecuador
CESAR GUILLERMO TAPIA BASTIDAS AND HUGO FABIAN CARRERA RUEDA
2.4
Community biodiversity registers in Nepal: enhancing
the capabilities of communities to document, monitor
and take control over their genetic resources
ABISHKAR SUBEDI, RACHANA DEVKOTA, INDRA PRASAD POUDEL AND
SHREERAM SUBEDI
2.5
Gene banks that promote on-farm management through
the reintroduction of local varieties in Brazil
TEREZINHA APARECIDA BORGES DIAS, MARIA ALDETE J. DA FONSECA
FERREIRA, ROSA LIA BARBIERI, FLAVIA FRANgA TEIXEIRA AND
-
SERGIO GUILHERME DE AZEVEDO
2.6
Community seed reserves: enhancing sovereignty and
resilience in Central America;
MARIO ROBERTO FUENTES LOPEZ AND SERGIO ROMEO ALONZO RECINOS
Contents
2.7
Community seed banks in the semi-arid region of Paraiba,
Brazil
vii
102
EMANOEL DIAS DA SILVA
2.8
The community seed bank: a common driver for community
biodiversity management -
109
PITAMBAR SHRESTHA, GENENE GEZU, SAUJANENDRA SWAIN,
BERTRAND LASSAIGNE, ABISHKAR SUBEDI AND WALTER-SIMON DE BOEF
2.9
Community biodiversity management fund: promoting
conservation through livelihood development in Nepal
118
PITAMBAR SHRESTHA, SAJAL STHAPIT, ABISHKAR SUBEDI AND
BHUWON STHAPIT
PART HI
People, biodiversity and landscapes
123
3.1
125
People, biodiversity and landscapes: introduction
WALTER SIMON DE BOEF, NIVALDO PERONI AND NATALIA HANAZAKI
3.2
Traditional people and the conservation of biodiversity in Brazil 133
ANA LUIZA DE ASSIS, SOFIA ZANK, NIVALDO PERONI AND NATALIA HANAZAKI
3.3
Opportunities for ethnobotany to contribute to community
biodiversity management
141
NATALIA HANAZAKI, ELAINE MITIE NAKAMURA, BIANCA LINDNER AND
WALTER SIMON DE BOEF
3.4
The domestication of landscapes and cultural keystone
species in a context of community biodiversity management
in Brazil
145
NIVALDO PERONI, ULYSSES PAULINO DE ALBUQUERQUE,
ANA LUIZA DE ASSIS AND ERNANI MACHADO DE FREITAS LINS NETO
3.5
Caivas and their contribution to the conservation of Atlantic
forest landscapes in Brazil
151
MAURICIO SEDREZ DOS REIS, CAMILA VIEIRA DA SILVA,
ANDREA GABRIELA MATTOS, ALEX ANDERSON ZECHINI,
ADELAR MANTOVANI AND NIVALDO PERONI
3.6
Community management of forest coffee landscapes in
Ethiopia
REGASSA FEYISSA, GENENE GEZU, BAYUSH TSEGAYE AND KASSAHUN TESFAYE
156
viii
Contents
3.7
Promoting the community management of garcinia genetic
resources in the central Western Ghats, India
VASUDEVA RAMESH, NARASIMHA HEGDE AND BHUWON STHAPIT
3.8
The sustainable development reserve: an option for securing
livelihoods in Imbituba, Brazil
SOFIA ZANK, ANA LUIZA DE ASSIS, MARLENE BORGES, NIVALDO PERONI
AND NATALIA HANAZAKI
PART IV
Agrobiodiversity, livelihoods and markets
4.1
Agrobiodiversity, livelihoods and markets: introduction
WALTER SIMON DE BOEF, MARJA THIJSSEN AND MONIKA SOPOV
4.2
Value addition and marketing of local citrus products in Nepal
BHARAT BHANDARI, BIJAYA RAJ DEVKOTA AND SAJAL STHAPIT
4.3
Creating an economic stake for conserving the diversity of
small millets in the Kolli Hills, India
E.D. ISRAEL OLIVER KING, S.P. BALA RAVI AND STEFANO PADULOSI
4.4
Value chain development and the regional branding of
Kalajeera rice inJeypore, India
SUSHANTA SEKHAR CHAUDHURY AND SAUJANENDRA SWAIN
4.5
Marketing local rice varieties in Vietnam, supported by
their participatory genetic enhancement and intellectual
property rights
FREDERIC THOMAS AND DAO THE ANH
4.6
The dynamic management and regional marketing of a
local wheat variety by farmers in the Luberon, France
GUY KASTLER AND ANNETCHARLOTTE MOY
PART V
Participatory crop improvement in a context of community
biodiversity management
5.1
Participatory crop improvement in a context of community
biodiversity management: introduction
WALTER SIMON DE BOEF, MARJA THIJSSEN AND BHUWON STHAPIT
Contents ' ix
5.2
Grassroots breeding of local crops and varieties in support of
community biodiversity management and resilience in Nepal
233
BHUWON STHAPIT, KAMAL KHADKA, PITAMBAR SHRESTHA,
SHREERAM SUBEDI AND INDRA PRASAD POUDEL
5.3
Participatory domestication of the fruit tree species feijoa
(Acca sellovuiana) in Brazil
240
KARINE DOS SANTOS, NIVALDO PERONI, RAYMOND P, GURIES,
JOEL DONAZZOLO AND RUBENS ONOFRE NODARI
5.4
Farmer and participatory maize breeding: increasing farmers'
autonomy and promoting the use of diversity in France
BERTRAND LASSAIGNE AND JENNIFER KENDALL
5.5
-
246
"
Participatory genetic enhancement of theJethobudho rice
variety in Nepal
253
SACHESH SILWAL, SANJAYA GYAWALI, BHARAT BHANDARI AND
BHUWON STHAPIT
5.6
Providing scientific support to farmers using local rice
diversity inJeypore, India
259
SUSHANTA SEKHAR CHAUDHURY AND SAUJANENDRA SWAIN
5.7
The participatory genetic enhancement of a local maize
variety in Brazil
265
JULIANA BERNARDI OGLIARI, VOLMIR KIST AND ADRIANO CANCI
5.8
Participatory crop improvement in Central America:
encouragingfarmerst ou s elocalvarieties
, 2 7 2
SERGIO ROMEO ALONZO RECINOS, MARIO ROBERTO FUENTES LOPEZ,
JUAN CARLOS ROSAS SOTOMAYOR, SILVIO AGUIRRE ACUNA AND
ROLANDO HERRERA TORRES
5.9
Participatory varietal selection for enhancing farmers'
access to quality seed in Ethiopia
279
HUSSEIN MOHAMMED, TADESSE DESALEGN, FETIEN ABAY ABERA AND
MARJA THIJSSEN
5.10 Supporting farmers' access to the global gene pool and
participatory selection in taro in the Pacific
TOLO IOSEFA, MARY TAYLOR, DANNY HUNTER AND VALERIE SAENA TUIA
285
x
Contents
PART VI
Community biodiversity management, genetic resource
policies and rights
6.1
Genetic resource policies and rights: opportunities and
limitations for community biodiversity management
291
293
NIELS LOUWAARS, S.P. BALA RAVI, PRATAP SHRESTHA, JULIANA SANTILLI,
REGASSA FEYISSA AND WALTER SIMON DE BOEF
6.2
Farmers' rights in times of change: illusion or reality?
306
REGINE ANDERSEN
6.3
Farmers' rights, their scope and legal protection in India
314
S.P. BALA RAVI
6.4
Access and benefit-sharing: putting a global legal concept
into practice through local initiatives
320
RONNIE VERNOOY AND MANUEL RUIZ MULLER
6.5
Access and benefit-sharing in Brazil: towards the
appropriation of the commons
327
ULYSSES PAULINO DE ALBUQUERQUE, NATALIA HANAZAKI AND
JULIANA SANTILLI
6.6
The European Union directive on conservation varieties
and its incompatibility with on-farm management of plant
genetic resources
332
GUY KASTLER AND ANNE-CHARLOTTE MOY
6.7
Local varieties, informal seed systems and the Seed Law:
reflections from Brazil
338
JULIANA SANTILLI
6.8
Seed and variety regulations: obstructing informal seed
systems and the use of local varieties by farmers in Europe
345
GUY KASTLER
PART VII
Community biodiversity management and resilience
7.1
New professionalism and governance in plant genetic
resource management
WALTER SIMON DE BOEF, MARJA THIJSSEN AND ABISHKAR SUBEDI
351
353
Contents
7.2
Community biodiversity management and empowerment
xi
365
WALTER SIMON DE BOEF, KAREN SIMONE VERHOOSEL AND MARJA THIJSSEN
7.3
Community biodiversity management: promoting resilience
378
WALTER SIMON DE BOEF, MARJA THIJSSEN, NIVALDO PERONI AND
ABISHKAR SUBEDI
References
Index
387
4G6 - ¥