5. Revolutions A: English Civil War, Absolutism, Scientific Rev
and Enlightenment
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1.
Absolutism
5.
Cardinal
Richelieu
When kings and queens have complete control
over government and the lives of their subjects
2.
Boyars
Helped establish absolute rule in France
6.
Characteristics
of Absolute
Monarchies
Russian land owners
3.
cabinet
4.
Cardinal
Mazarin
A group of government ministers that was a link
between the monarch and Parliament.
- Centralization of power
- Concept of divine right
7.
Helped rule for Louis XIV until he was old enough
to rule for himself
Charles I
King of England ( 1625-1649) who tried to rule
without Parliament; was executed for treason
by the end of the English Civil War
8.
Charles II
12.
Edict of
Nantes
Was issued to protect French Protestants in the
majority Catholic France
13.
English Bill of
Rights of 1689
The first King of England (1660-1685) put on the
throne after the English Civil War; known as the
restoration; habeas corpus
9.
Common Law
10.
constitutional
monarchy
Laws developed over time from previous
judgments
A document that limits royal power drafted by
Parliament
14.
Government in which laws limit the monarchs
power; agreed by William and Mary with
Parliament
11.
The
Enlightenment
Czar
- Applied reason to the political world
- Stimulated religious tolerance
- fueled democratic revolutions around the world
15.
Francis Bacon
Russian emperor / empress; caesar
English writer who helped advance the scientific
method.
16.
Galileo
Galilei
21.
heliocentric
theory
Italian astronomer who used the telescope to support
the heliocentric theory; sun-centered theory
17.
18.
geocentric
theory
Theory that the Earth is at the center of the solar
system/ universe
Glorious
Revolution
Theory that the Sun is at the center of the
solar system / universe
22.
Influence of
Enlightenment
- ideas fueled the revolutions in the Americas
and France
- influenced Thomas Jefferson's Declaration
of Independence
- ideas influenced the U.S.'s Constitution and
Bill of Rights
Bloodless overthrow of King James II of England
19.
Grand
Embassy
23.
Intendants
24.
Isaac Newton
Government officials from the middle class
that helped Louis XIV with the government
bureaucracy
Peter the Great's visit to western Europe to learn
about how the other absolute monarchs ruled
20.
habeas
corpus
English alchemist who developed the laws of
gravity and motion
Law giving prisoners the right to obtain a document
saying that the prisoner cannot go to jail without being
brought before a judge
25.
JeanJacques
Rousseau
29.
Louis XIV
- wrote "The Social Contract"
- government should be run by the will of the
majority; General Will
26.
Johannes
Kepler
- France
- Palace of Versailles as a symbol of Royal
Power
- Sun King
German mathematician who developed the theory
of planetary motion using mathematics; the
elliptical orbit
27.
Magna
Carta
John
Locke
- wrote "Two Treatises on Government"
- humans are sovereign therefore the government
should protect natural rights of life, liberty and
property
- if government fails to protect natural rights,
people can overthrow government
28.
30.
Document signed by King John in 1215 that
limited the power of the English monarch
31.
Montesquie
jury trial
- wrote "The Spirit of Laws"
- best form of government includes separation of
powers (judicial, legislative, and executive)
Use of peers or equals to either make decisions
or find facts regarding guilt or innocence
32.
Nicolaus
Copernicus
36.
Peter the
Great
Polish cleric and astronomer who developed
heliocentric theory; sun-centered
33.
Oliver
Cromwell
- Russia
- Westernization of Russia
37.
Rene
Descartes
Leader of the Puritans; military dictator of
England after the English Civil War (1649-1658)
34.
Palace of
Versailles
French mathematician who helped promote the
scientific method.
38.
Restoration
39.
Scientific
Revolution
Period after the monarchy was restored in
England with Charles II
Built by Louis XIV; showed his influence as an
absolute ruler
35.
Parliament
- A new way of thinking about the natural world.
-It was based on careful observation and the
willingness to question old beliefs.
The legislative branch of the English Government
40.
St.
Petersburg
43.
War of
Spanish
Succesion
Louis XIV's attempt at expanding France's influence
in Spain by making it part of his kingdom;
unsuccessful
location of Russia's first warm water port founded
by Peter the Great
41.
Thomas
Hobbes
44.
Westernization
45.
Westernizing
Russia
- wrote "Leviathan"
- humans are primitive therefore consent to be
governed
- give up rights for protection
42.
Peter the Great's attempt to bring Russia into modern
times along with the rest of Europe
Peter the Great:
- introduced potatoes as staple food
- started first newspaper
- included women in social gatherings
- ordered nobles to change their style of dress and
remove facial hair
Voltaire
46.
William and
Mary
- freedom of speech
- religious toleration
- separation of church and state
Were brought to England in a bloodless revolution
(Glorious Revolution) to rule along with parliament
(1689-1702)
47.
William Harvey
English doctor that discovered circulation of the blood