Name:
Date:
Period:
Due: Mon. 9/28 (A) and Tues. 9/29 (B)
VOCABULARY UNITS 1 - 2
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2.
3.
4.
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12.
Circumspect Careful; mindful of rules and consequences
Elucidate To make clear by explaining
Improvise To create without any forethought or preparation
Invidious Hateful or spiteful
1
Lucid Easy to understand; clear
Phosphorescent Giving off light without heat
Photogenic Attractive in pictures or photographs
Phototropic Tending to grow or move towards light
Prospect That which is expected
2
Providential Happening by good fortune
3
Specter A ghost or phantom
Translucent Allowing light to pass through
(Adjective)
(Verb)
(Verb)
(Adjective)
(Adjective)
(Adjective)
(Adjective)
(Adjective)
(Noun)
(Adjective)
(Noun)
(Adjective)
(Latin)
(Latin)
(Latin)
(Latin)
(Latin)
(Greek)
(Greek)
(Greek)
(Latin)
(Latin)
(Latin)
(Latin)
13.
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24.
Affable Easy to converse with; friendly
4
Dictum A formal or authoritative statement
Edict An official order
5
Enunciate To pronounce or articulate
Indict To charge with a crime; accuse
Ineffable Unutterable, indescribable
6
Infantile Childish; immature
7
Invoke To call on for support
Pronouncement A declaration of opinion; judgment
Provocative Causing disturbance or excitement
Renounce To reject by declaration
Revoke To make invalid; deactivate
(Adjective)
(Noun)
(Noun)
(Verb)
(Verb)
(Adjective)
(Adjective)
(Verb)
(Noun)
(Adjective)
(Verb)
(Verb)
(Latin)
(Latin)
(Latin)
(Latin)
(Latin)
(Latin)
(Latin)
(Latin)
(Latin)
(Latin)
(Latin)
(Latin)
Online Research
Choose five words to research further. Please copy down one definition per word. You MUST use the definitions according to
Dictionary.com. This professional but accessible website is a good place to check for basic definitions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
________________________________________________________________________ (Dictionary.com)
________________________________________________________________________ (Dictionary.com)
________________________________________________________________________ (Dictionary.com)
________________________________________________________________________ (Dictionary.com)
________________________________________________________________________ (Dictionary.com)
Now, pretend that you are writing a Works Cited Page using MLA format. Use the format below to create an MLA citation for each
web page you visited in your online research.
Format: “Word” Definition #. Website Name, Publisher, Date Published. Web. Date Accessed.
Example: “Enunciation” Def. 2. Dictionary.com, Random House, Inc, n.d. Web. 14 Feb. 2000.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1. The official motto
of Yale University is
“Lux et Veritas,”
which is Latin for
“Light and Truth.”
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Providence is literally the
ability to see in advance, so the
word is sometimes used as a
synonym for “God.” Prudence
is a related word that means
“carefulness.”
3. The word specter, in addition to
describing the kind of ghost that
haunts a place, can describe anything
that haunts or preoccupies someone.
For example, the specter of war
might haunt an uneasy world.
4. Remember
that indict is
pronounced
“in DITE,” not
“in DIC.”
5. Some Christians believe that
the angel Gabriel visited Mary
to tell her she would be the
mother of Christ. This event is
known as the Annunciation ad
(toward) + nuntiatum.
6. Did you know that infant
literally means “one who
cannot speak”? Someone who
is infantile, on the other hand,
just acts like a baby.
7. Classical literature
often started with an
invocation to a Muse
(a goddess of poetry
or some other art).
1
circumspect, elucidate, improvise, invidious, lucid, phosphorescent,
photogenic, phototropic, prospect, providential, specter, translucent
Greek and Latin Roots Please use the Greek and Latin charts to match each word with its literal definition.
PHOT/PHOS from PHOS, PHOTOS (Greek)
“light”
LUC from LUX, LUCIS (Latin)
“light”
PHOTOTROPIC adj. Tending to grow or move towards light
photos + tropein (to turn) = to turn toward the light
Because they are phototropic, daisies always grow towards the sun.
LUCID adj. Easy to understand; clear
lucid = lighted
Sophie’s explanation of quantum physics was so lucid that I
understood everything.
PHOSPHORESCENT adj. Giving off light without heat
phos + phorein (to bear) = light-bearing
Harvey struck phosphorescent stars on his ceiling so that it would
resemble the nighttime sky.
PHOTOGENIC adj. Attractive in pictures or photographs
photos + genic (suitable for) = suitable for photographs
Lucy was so photogenic that total strangers often asked to take her
pictures.
ELUCIDATE v. To make clear by explaining
e (from) + lucis = to bring light from
The attorney asked the witness to further elucidate the information
he had.
TRANSLUCENT adj. Allowing light to pass through
trans (through) + lucis = light passing through
Through a translucent blue cloth draped over the window, we could
see the sun.
SPEC / SPECT from SPECERE, SPECTUM (Latin)
“to look at”
VID/VIS from VIDERE, VISUM (Latin)
“to see, to look”
CIRCUMSPECT adj. Careful; mindful of rules and consequences
circum (around) + spectrum = looking around
The marchers in the protest tried to be circumspect and not break any
laws.
INVIDIOUS adj. Hateful or spiteful
in (against) + videre = to look against
One candidate made an invidious speech against his opponent.
PROSPECT n. That which is expected
pro (forward) + spectrum = looked forward to
The prospect of a trip to the dentist with my bratty kid brother was
hardly thrilling.
SPECTER n. A ghost or phantom
Hattie seemed to see a specter in every corner of the dark house.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
PROVIDENTIAL adj. Happening by good fortune
pro (forward) + videre = to look forward
Through a providential series of events, Nigel found himself manager
of the company.
IMPROVISE v. To create without any forethought or preparation
in (not) + pro (forward) + visum = not seen in advance
When Carl lost the cards with his speech on them, he was forced to
improvise.
___________________________ = looking forward
___________________________ = to not look in advance
___________________________ = to turn toward light
___________________________ = to bear light
___________________________ = to look forward
___________________________ = from light
___________________________ = something seen
___________________________ = to look against
___________________________ = lighted
___________________________ = light goes through
___________________________ = looking around
12. ___________________________ = suitable for light
Latin
Latin
Greek
Greek
Latin
Latin
Latin
Latin
Latin
Latin
Latin
Greek
Hints 1. Pro + spectrum 2. In + pro + visum 3. Photos + tropein 4. Phos + phorein 5. Pro + videre 6. E + lucis 7. English word 8. In +
videre 9. Lucid 10. Trans + lucis 11. Circum+ spectrum 12. Photos + genic
2
affable, dictum, edict, enunciate, indict, ineffable, infantile,
invoke, pronouncement, provocative, renounce, revoke
Greek and Latin Roots II Please use the Greek and Latin charts to match each word with its literal definition.
NUNC/NOUNC from NUNITARE, NUNTIATUM (Latin)
“to announce”
VOC/VOK from VOCARE, VOCATUS (Latin)
“to call”
ENUNICATE v. To pronounce or articulate
e (out of) + nuntiatum = to announce out of
The spelling bee contestant was asked to enunciate so that the judges
could understand what she was saying.
INVOKE v. To call on for support
in (on) + vocare = to call on
Amy invoked the First Amendment when Bill tried to silence her.
RENOUNCE v. To reject by declaration
re (back) + nuntiatum = to go back on an announcement
In order to become a member of the fraternity, Jeff had to renounce
his membership in other organizations.
PRONOUNCEMENT n. A declaration of opinion; judgment
pro (forth) + nuntiatum = to announce forth
Fred’s pronouncement that the party was a disaster drew agreement
from the whole group.
PROVOCATIVE adj. Causing disturbance or excitement
pro (forth) + vocare = to call forth (emotions)
The film’s provocative ending had people talking for moths.
REVOKE v. To make invalid; deactivate
re (back) + vocare = to call back
If you don’t pay your traffic tickets, the state may revoke your driver’s
license.
FA from FOR, FARI (Latin)
“to speak”
DIC/DICT from DICERE, DICTUM (Latin)
“to say, to tell”
INEFFABLE adj. Unutterable, indescribable
in (not) + e (out of) + fari = not able to be spoken
Many religious writers speak of the ineffable wisdom of the divine
being.
EDICT n. An official order
e (out of) + dictum = to speak out (officially)
The palace issued an edict forbidding the rebel prince from entering
the country.
INFANTILE adj. Childish; immature
in (not) + fari = not able to speak
Although some people find practice jokes funny, Didi finds them
infantile.
INDICT v. To charge with a crime; accuse
in (against) + dictum = to speak against
The jury indicted Richard on seven counts of burglary.
AFFABLE adj. Easy to converse with; friendly
ad (towards) + fari = to speak toward
The principal was an affable fellow who got along well with all the
children.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
DICTUM n. A formal or authoritative statement
dictum = having been said
When asked to defend his argument, Luther cited a dictum of his
favorite poet.
___________________________ = to speak out
___________________________ = not able to be spoken
___________________________ = to go back on an announcement
___________________________ = to speak toward
___________________________ = to call on
___________________________ = to call forth (emotions)
___________________________ = not able to speak
___________________________ = having been said
___________________________ = to announce forward
___________________________ = to pronounce or articulate
___________________________ = to call back
12. ___________________________ = to speak against
Latin
Latin
Latin
Latin
Latin
Latin
Latin
Latin
Latin
Latin
Latin
Latin
Hints 1. E + dictum 2. In + e + fari 3. Re + nuntiatum 4. Ad + fari 5. In + vocare 6. Pro + vocare 7. In + fari 8. Dictum 9. Pro + nuntiatum
10. E + nuntiatum 11. Re + vocare 12. in + dictum
3
circumspect, elucidate, improvise, invidious, lucid, phosphorescent,
photogenic, phototropic, prospect, providential, specter, translucent
Synonym Circles Please complete each synonym circle using Google’s imbedded dictionary, which is the quickest and easiest
tool for synonyms and antonyms. Search “synonym word” in Google, and you will see the word’s synonyms. Search “antonym
word” in Google, and you will see the word’s antonyms. You can also search “definition word” if you need a reminder. For this first
section, please fill in the center word that completes the synonym circle.
Prudent
Dazzling
Wary
Careful
Vigilant
Negligent
Dim
Brilliant
Cloudy
Inattentive
Danger
Glittering
Wraith
Peril
Radiant
~
Nocturnal
Dread
Apparition
~
Stimulation
~
Growth
~
Dank
Light
Loving
Menace
Dark
Loving
To distinguish between synonyms and antonyms, please put an X through the antonyms. If you cannot find a perfect synonym or
antonym, then you can use a tilde (~), which is the approximate sign in math. This shows that you found a word that means “about”
the same thing but not exactly. If you do not like searching Google, you can try Thesaurus.com. For this section, please fill out the
smaller circles that surround the center circle.
Improvise
Lucid
Elucidate
Invidious
All circles must be completed, even if you need to use the tildes. For this section, you will complete both the smaller circles and the
center circle.
Auspicious
Glassy
Fortunate
Photogenic
Befitting
Timely
Well-timed
Accidental
Prospect
Cloudy
Blocked
Opaque
Pellucid
See-through
Which Synonym Circles were the three hardest to complete?
Word #1 _________________________________________________________
Word #2 _________________________________________________________
Word #3 _________________________________________________________
4
affable, dictum, edict, enunciate, indict, ineffable, infantile,
invoke, pronouncement, provocative, renounce, revoke
Synonym Circles Please complete each synonym circle using Google’s imbedded dictionary, which is the quickest and easiest
tool for synonyms and antonyms. Search “synonym word” in Google, and you will see the word’s synonyms. Search “antonym
word” in Google, and you will see the word’s antonyms. You can also search “definition word” if you need a reminder. For this first
section, please fill in the center word that completes the synonym circle.
Beyond
Words
Arraign
Ethereal
Divine
Heavenly
Definable
Free
Charge
Exonerate
Describable
Statute
Incriminate
Decree
Law
Ruling
Prosecute
Mumble
Commandment
Articulate
Outline
Withhold
Request
Deliver
Conceal
To distinguish between synonyms and antonyms, please put an X through the antonyms. If you cannot find a perfect synonym or
antonym, then you can use a tilde (~), which is the approximate sign in math. This shows that you found a word that means “about”
the same thing but not exactly. If you do not like searching Google, you can try Thesaurus.com. For this section, please fill out the
smaller circles that surround the center circle.
Pronouncement
Renounce
Infantile
Affable
All circles must be completed, even if you need to use the tildes. For this section, you will complete both the smaller circles and the
center circle.
Implore
Abolish
Conjure
Dictum
Beseech
Entreat
Request
Appeal to
Provocative
Annul
Approve
Repeal
Invalidate
Rescind
Which Synonym Circles were the three hardest to complete?
Word #1 _________________________________________________________
Word #2 _________________________________________________________
Word #3 _________________________________________________________
5
circumspect, elucidate, improvise, invidious, lucid, phosphorescent,
photogenic, phototropic, prospect, providential, specter, translucent
Vocabulary Exercises
Exercise I. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word.
1. When Roger saw the specter lurking in the corner, he reacted by ______________________________________________________________.
2. I found Charlie a rather invidious character because he was always ____________________________________________________________.
3. The actor had to improvise his lines because he ____________________________________________________________________________.
4. I like to say jokingly that my cat is phototropic because she always ____________________________________________________________.
5. Nina tried to elucidate the meaning of the poem by ________________________________________________________________________.
6. Buck savored the prospect of the nature walk because ______________________________________________________________________.
7. Because he was not considered very photogenic, Sven ______________________________________________________________________.
8. The headdress was woven of a beautiful translucent silk that _________________________________________________________________.
9. Unless something extraordinarily providential happens before the swim meet, we ________________________________________________.
10. Tom thinks the reason Gerald’s explanations are so lucid is _________________________________________________________________.
11. Carl was usually circumspect when choosing stocks and bonds because _______________________________________________________.
12. One of the phosphorescent gemstones can be identified by _________________________________________________________________.
Exercise II. Fill in the blank with the best word from the choices. One word will not be used in each section.
1. The delicate, ________________________ ribbons in the girl’s hair seemed to glow.
2. When my first strategy didn’t work, I had to ________________________ a new one.
3. Even the most ________________________ people don’t look attractive in overdeveloped pictures.
4. The one ________________________ occurrence in Ralph’s life was his discovery of the ancient tomb.
circumspect
improvise
photogenic
providential
translucent
Fill in the blank with the best word from the choices. One word will not be used in each section.
5. Scientists were amazed to discover that the plant was not __________________at all and could grow in total darkness.
6. Dawn can be quite ________________________ at times; she has started several nasty rumors.
7. The ________________________wandered the halls of the aged mansion in search of a resident to frighten.
8. The ________________________ fish emitted a faint glow even at the bottom of the dark.
invective
invidious
phototropic
phosphorescent
specter
Fill in the blank with the best word from the choices. One word will not be used in each section.
9. If you are more ________________________ about your finances, you won’t be out of money at the end of the month.
10. Nick can discuss and analyze history in a clear and ________________________ manner.
11. While trying to ________________________ the book’s theme, I made some interesting discoveries.
12. The ________________________ of spending the winter on a tropical island was thrilling to Rebecca.
circumspect
elucidate
inspect
lucid
prospect
Exercise III. Choose the set of words that best completes the sentence.
1. After George ___________________ his plan, the ___________________ of climbing the mountain became more appealing to me.
A. photogenic; lucid
C. phototropic; lucid
B. elucidated; prospect
D. improvised; translucent
2. Daria was upset that she could not provide a(n) ___________________ explanation of her encounter with the ___________________ in the
old mansion.
A. providential; prospect
C. lucid; specter
B. prospect; introspective
D. spectrum; invidious
3. The ___________________discovery of a new ___________________ organism helped researchers, who were doing work on light and
biology, make a long-desired breakthrough.
A. photogenic; circumspect
C. providential; phototropic
B. invidious; circumspect
D. lucid; phototropic
4. Although the actor thought he did an excellent job ___________________ his lines, he received several ___________________ reviews the
next day.
A. elucidating; lucid
C. elucidating; translucent
B. spectrum; provisional
D. improvising; invidious
5. Even my modest, ______________ grandmother became as excited as a child when she saw the _____________ white silk with which we
would make the dress.
A. providential; improvise
C. circumspect; translucent
B. circumspect; lucid
D. invidious; phototropic
6
circumspect, elucidate, improvise, invidious, lucid, phosphorescent,
photogenic, phototropic, prospect, providential, specter, translucent
Exercise IV. Complete the sentence by drawing an inference about the italicized word.
1. If your neighbor becomes invidious, you may conclude that __________________________________________________________________.
2. When a substitute teacher improvises a schedule, we can assume _____________________________________________________________.
3. When buying a new car, it’s best to be circumspect because __________________________________________________________________.
Exercise V. Fill in the blank with the word from the Unit that best completes the sentence, using the root we supply as a clue. Then, answer
the questions that follow the paragraphs.
For nearly two centuries, a man’s appearance had no effect on his candidacy for President of the United States. George Washington,
the father of our country, had wooden teeth. Because of a severe visual disability, James Buchanan tended to lean his head to the side.
Abraham Lincoln, although known for his height, did not have the sort of ______________________(PHOT) face that would attract interest on
television. William Howard Taft was a Supreme Court Justice as well as President, but he also weighed over 400 pounds. Franklin Delano
Roosevelt could not walk, but his confinement to a wheelchair remained unknown to the public because he communicated with the nation
primarily through radio addresses.
All of this changed with the 1960 presidential election, a tight contest between Vice President Richard Nixon and Senator John F.
Kennedy of Massachusetts. The tradition of debate between candidates is a rich one in American history, but never before had one of these
debates appeared on television. According to reports of the time, Senator Kennedy appeared much more at ease than his rival. Kennedy used
cosmetics to emphasize his suntan, and his confidence and bright smile clearly impressed the television audience. His ability to
_________________ (VIS) in the middle of this heated debate made him seem collected and relaxed. Vice President Nixon, on the other hand,
did not fare well with his makeup. His pale complexion was not suited to television lights, his need for a shave showed through his makeup,
and, as the debate went on, he began to sweat. His forced smile and nervous moments also made him appear defensive and confused.
After the debate, two separate polls were taken, one of radio audiences and the other of the television viewers. Both asked the
same question: Who do you think won the debate? The results were striking. The radio audience thought that Vice President Nixon had won
the debate, while the television viewers thought that Senator Kennedy had won. This difference _____________________ (LUC) an important
point about human nature: what we see, more than any other sense, greatly influences our opinions of other people. Clearly, a visual
impression of a leader also affects the choice we make at the polls.
1. Which of the following is a SYNONYM of “confinement” as it is used in the first paragraph?
A. pregnancy
B. restriction
C. insanity
D. disability
2. Which of the following BEST summarizes the main idea of this essay?
A. Tall presidents tend to perform better in office than short ones.
B. Physical appearance accurately indicates Presidential performance.
C. The visual sense seems to dominate all other senses in creating ideas about a public figure.
D. The television age made people more superficial in their judgments.
3. Why did the television audience think that Kennedy had won the debate?
A. Kennedy had a less confident voice than Nixon on the radio.
B. Kennedy seemed to dislike speaking on the radio.
C. Nixon appeared less confident on television than Kennedy.
D. Both Kennedy and Nixon showed excellent debating skills.
Exercise VI. Drawing on your knowledge of roots and words in context, read the following selection and define the italicized words. If you
cannot figure out the meaning of the words on your own, look them up in a dictionary.
When she took to the photographer’s stool, the entire class was silenced. Lucinda was the loveliest girl in her school; the camera
seemed to adore her. In every portrait, her visage was as bright and clear as that of an angel. Everyone who saw the pictures said that her face
glowed with enthusiasm and speculated as to why this might be the case.
Visage = _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Speculated = __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7
affable, dictum, edict, enunciate, indict, ineffable, infantile,
invoke, pronouncement, provocative, renounce, revoke
Vocabulary Exercises II
Exercise I. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word.
1. Before you invoke a particular law, be sure that ___________________________________________________________________________.
2. When the people heard about the cruel king’s edict, they ___________________________________________________________________.
3. When one debater made a provocative comment, his opponent ______________________________________________________________.
4. Henry renounced his initial vow to boycott reading the book because__________________________________________________________.
5. Jeff said that the wisdom of the holy man was ineffable because ______________________________________________________________.
6. If the student giving the report does not enunciate, the other students _________________________________________________________.
7. The club members voted to revoke Zeke’s membership because ______________________________________________________________.
8. I thought Angelo’s behavior was infantile because __________________________________________________________________________.
9. If Derek believes in the old dictum about “practicing what you preach” he will ___________________________________________________.
10. The newspaper writer indicted government officials for problems in the educational system because _______________________________.
11. The Senators responded to the President’s pronouncement by ______________________________________________________________.
12. I would characterize Jane as affable because _____________________________________________________________________________.
Exercise II. Fill in the blank with the best word from the choices below. One word will not be used.
1. The ___________________ beauty and peace of the ceremony left us speechless.
2. I always keep in mind a(n) ___________________ that my mother was fond of repeating.
3. If Tony’s license is ___________________, he will have to ride with me.
4. The rebel army ___________________ everything the government stood for.
dictum
ineffable
invincible
renounced
revoked
Fill in the blank with the best word from the choices below. One word will not be used.
5. Juan, a(n) ___________________ little boy, loved to sit and talk with his grandmother for hours.
6. In ancient Rome, wives would ___________________ the help of the goddess Juno.
7. There was a formal ___________________ issued which prohibited leaving the country.
8. Despite Larry’s negative ___________________ on the movie, I decided to go.
affable
edict
invoke
pronouncement
provocative
Fill in the blank with the best word from the choices below. One word will not be used.
9. Environmentalists ___________________ the automobile industry for many of the world’s pollution problems.
10. The play was so ___________________ that my roommate decided to stage a protest over it.
11. Cody needs to ___________________ his words so he can be understood.
12. After some rather ___________________ stomping around, Myra calmed down and became an adult again.
enunciate
indict
infantile
provocative
revoke
Exercise III. Choose the set of words that best completes the sentence.
1. One ___________________ issued by the Church forbade ___________________ dress among women.
A. affable; infantile
B. dictum; affable
C. edict; provocative
D. edict; affable
2. My once-___________________ and easygoing neighbor now ___________________ every curse she could think of against me.
A. affable; invoked
B. provocative; indicted
C. affable; renounced
D. invoke; infantile
3. The rabbi hoped the ___________________ he cited would convince people to ___________________ their bad habits.
A. edict; enunciate
B. pronouncement; invoke
C. indict; revoke
D. dictum; renounce
4. None of my father’s ___________________ on my behavior could prevent my ___________________ tantrums whenever I didn’t get what I
wanted.
A. dictums; affable
B. dictums; ineffable
C. pronouncements; infantile
D. indict; provocative
8
affable, dictum, edict, enunciate, indict, ineffable, infantile,
invoke, pronouncement, provocative, renounce, revoke
5. The jury felt it necessary to ___________________ the reporter for refusing to ___________________ his slanderous remarks.
A. enunciate; revoke
B. invoke; renounce
C. revoke; indict
D. indict; renounce
Exercise IV. Complete the sentence by drawing an inference about the italicized word.
1. If Gerald renounces his friendship with Kate, he probably feels that she ________________________________________________________.
2. If your employer seems especially affable on a certain day, you might think that _________________________________________________.
3. When a child learns to enunciate properly, his parents will probably ___________________________________________________________.
Exercise V. Fill in the blank with the word from the Unit that best completes the sentence, using the root we supply as a clue. Then, answer
the questions that follow the paragraphs.
When television was first introduced as a medium for communication, there were many strict guidelines as to the content and
nature of programming. The rule against kisses of a certain length of time, or of a certain intensity, is only one example. For years, married
couples were only portrayed in the bedroom sleeping in separate twin beds. Not until the Munsters appeared did a married couple appear in
the same bed. During this period, writers and producers were forced to edit themselves very carefully.
The television industry also placed firm limits on its writers where gender roles were concerned. For instance, not only did June
Cleaver, the fictional mother on the show Leave it to Beaver, stay at home rather than work—she vacuumed her house while wearing pearls! I
Dream of Jeannie revolved around an astronaut and his servant, a slender, blonde, attractive genie named of course, Jeannie. Although Jeannie
wore outfits considered ___________________ (VOC) in her day, and although she occasionally did things against her master’s wishes, she
ultimately submitted to his male authority.
All of this changed in the late 1960’s and 1970’s. It seemed that most of the creative show ideas had been used, and network ratings
were dropping. Network executives were on the lookout for fresh ideas, and a man named Chuck Barris stepped up to provide them. In a show
called The Dating Game, he introduced the idea of a single woman questioning three single men behind a screen and then selecting one as a
date. The innovative move to “reality” television, upon which real people and real events were portrayed, was appealing to the networks,
because the shows had no writing costs. Plots came from real people on the screen, not from the imaginations of producers and writers.
Ratings soared for this new type of show, and the format was copied time and time again.
Variation after variation came from the mind of Chuck Barris. The Newlywed Game asked couples questions to see how well they
knew each other. And reality television showed people at their most ___________________ (FA) on The Gong Show. Billed as a low level-talent
show, this program—actually hosted by Barris himself—brought people onto national television to sing, to dance, or to perform in some other
way. When a panel of judges decided the contestant was too bad to continue, they would ring a gong to end the performance.
Reality programs signaled a change in the way that television engaged the minds of its viewers. Rather than provide stories and roles
that suggested ways for viewers to act and think, television became a medium for vicarious entertainment. Viewers, instead of seeking to be
like the people they saw on the screen, laughed at these people’s shortcomings. As television continues to evolve, one wonders if the nature
and purpose of viewing itself will continue to change.
1. How did television change in the late 1960’s and 1970’s?
A. Writers adopted stricter rules regarding gender limits.
B. Shows began to focus on characters instead of real people.
C. Television provided new examples for viewers to follow.
D. Real people replaced written scripts as a source of action.
2. Which of the following is NOT true about Chuck Barris?
A. He applauded the strict teaching of gender roles on television.
B. He regularly hosted The Gong Show.
C. He wanted to change methods of television entertainment.
D. He created The Dating Game.
3. What can be inferred from the third paragraph?
A. Network executives desired a change in the way television entertained its viewers.
B. Network executives wanted to increase the ratings of their programs.
C. Chuck Barris changed the way television interacted with its viewers.
D. all of the above
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affable, dictum, edict, enunciate, indict, ineffable, infantile,
invoke, pronouncement, provocative, renounce, revoke
4. Why were there no writing costs for the new reality shows?
A. The shows depended on real people rather than written scripts.
B. The shows were a new form of entertainment.
C. Viewers could interact with the people onscreen in a new way.
D. Network ratings were dropping, and executives liked the new idea
Exercise VI. Drawing on your knowledge of roots and words in context, read the following selection and define the italicized words. If you
cannot figure out the meaning of the words on your own, look them up in a dictionary. Note that -ferous (from ferre, “to carry,”) means
“carrying,” and that ad means “towards.”
A vociferous crowd of supporters of a ban on personal handguns marched outside the National Rifle Association’s headquarters in
Washington, D.C., last Thursday. The noisy protestors claimed that the NRA promoted “free gun use” among Americans. Across the street, a
smalled group of person handgun advocates gathered to stage their own demonstration. However, the supports of handgun freedom were
greatly overshadowed by the mob that supported restrictions.
Vociferous = __________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Advocates = __________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
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circumspect, elucidate, improvise, invidious, lucid, phosphorescent,
photogenic, phototropic, prospect, providential, specter, translucent,
affable, dictum, edict, enunciate, indict, ineffable, infantile,
invoke, pronouncement, provocative, renounce, revoke
In Row 21 - 24: phototropic,
providential, renounce, revoke
In Row 17 - 20: enunciate,
infantile, invoke, phosphorescent
In Row 13 -16: edict, improvise,
pronouncement, prospect,
In Row 9 - 12: indict, invidious,
lucid, provocative
In Row 5 - 8: affable, elucidate,
photogenic, specter
In Row 1 - 4: circumspect,
dictum, ineffable, translucent
Graphic Vocabulary
Please match each picture with one vocabulary word.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
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circumspect, elucidate, improvise, invidious, lucid, phosphorescent,
photogenic, phototropic, prospect, providential, specter, translucent,
affable, dictum, edict, enunciate, indict, ineffable, infantile,
invoke, pronouncement, provocative, renounce, revoke
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
In Row 9 - 12: circumspect,
prospect, provocative, translucent
9.
10.
11.
12.
In Row 13 -16: edict, enunciate,
invidious, photogenic
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
In Row 5 - 8: elucidate,
ineffable, infantile, phototropic
1.
In Row 17 – 20: dictum, improvise,
invoke, phosphorescent
Please match each picture with one vocabulary word.
In Row 21 - 24: affable, lucid,
pronouncement, revoked
In Row 1 - 4: indict,
providential, renounced, specter
Graphic Vocabulary II
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