UNI 104
Understanding Nature and Knowledge
Seventh Week
Middle Ages
Instructor: Ahmet Ademoglu,
Spring 2011
PhD
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Interest in the works of Ancient Greeks on logic and
natural philosophy in Islam had deeper roots in Islam than
in Christianity.
Unlike Christianity, Islam had neither councils nor synods
to determine orthodoxy.
The only way for establishing orthodoxy was using the
principle of
consensus.
The consensus would not be determined by an organization
but by the doctors of law (jurisconsults).
The antithesis of Consensus (Ijma) and disagreement
(khilaf ) or
sic et non
resulted in an orthodox view.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Interest in the works of Ancient Greeks on logic and
natural philosophy in Islam had deeper roots in Islam than
in Christianity.
Unlike Christianity, Islam had neither councils nor synods
to determine orthodoxy.
The only way for establishing orthodoxy was using the
principle of
consensus.
The consensus would not be determined by an organization
but by the doctors of law (jurisconsults).
The antithesis of Consensus (Ijma) and disagreement
(khilaf ) or
sic et non
resulted in an orthodox view.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Interest in the works of Ancient Greeks on logic and
natural philosophy in Islam had deeper roots in Islam than
in Christianity.
Unlike Christianity, Islam had neither councils nor synods
to determine orthodoxy.
The only way for establishing orthodoxy was using the
principle of
consensus.
The consensus would not be determined by an organization
but by the doctors of law (jurisconsults).
The antithesis of Consensus (Ijma) and disagreement
(khilaf ) or
sic et non
resulted in an orthodox view.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Interest in the works of Ancient Greeks on logic and
natural philosophy in Islam had deeper roots in Islam than
in Christianity.
Unlike Christianity, Islam had neither councils nor synods
to determine orthodoxy.
The only way for establishing orthodoxy was using the
principle of
consensus.
The consensus would not be determined by an organization
but by the doctors of law (jurisconsults).
The antithesis of Consensus (Ijma) and disagreement
(khilaf ) or
sic et non
resulted in an orthodox view.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Interest in the works of Ancient Greeks on logic and
natural philosophy in Islam had deeper roots in Islam than
in Christianity.
Unlike Christianity, Islam had neither councils nor synods
to determine orthodoxy.
The only way for establishing orthodoxy was using the
principle of
consensus.
The consensus would not be determined by an organization
but by the doctors of law (jurisconsults).
The antithesis of Consensus (Ijma) and disagreement
(khilaf ) or
sic et non
resulted in an orthodox view.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Interest in the works of Ancient Greeks on logic and
natural philosophy in Islam had deeper roots in Islam than
in Christianity.
Unlike Christianity, Islam had neither councils nor synods
to determine orthodoxy.
The only way for establishing orthodoxy was using the
principle of
consensus.
The consensus would not be determined by an organization
but by the doctors of law (jurisconsults).
The antithesis of Consensus (Ijma) and disagreement
(khilaf ) or
sic et non
resulted in an orthodox view.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The methodology to arrive at consensus on any doctrine
was obtained from Aristotle's works.
3 stages in the development of this interest in
methodology:
1
the translation movement of the philosopher-physicians
2
the movement leading up to the Inquisition brought on by
the rational theologians.
3
the movement which led to the development of 4 personal
schools of law and their crystallization after the Inquisition.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The methodology to arrive at consensus on any doctrine
was obtained from Aristotle's works.
3 stages in the development of this interest in
methodology:
1
the translation movement of the philosopher-physicians
2
the movement leading up to the Inquisition brought on by
the rational theologians.
3
the movement which led to the development of 4 personal
schools of law and their crystallization after the Inquisition.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The methodology to arrive at consensus on any doctrine
was obtained from Aristotle's works.
3 stages in the development of this interest in
methodology:
1
the translation movement of the philosopher-physicians
2
the movement leading up to the Inquisition brought on by
the rational theologians.
3
the movement which led to the development of 4 personal
schools of law and their crystallization after the Inquisition.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The methodology to arrive at consensus on any doctrine
was obtained from Aristotle's works.
3 stages in the development of this interest in
methodology:
1
the translation movement of the philosopher-physicians
2
the movement leading up to the Inquisition brought on by
the rational theologians.
3
the movement which led to the development of 4 personal
schools of law and their crystallization after the Inquisition.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The methodology to arrive at consensus on any doctrine
was obtained from Aristotle's works.
3 stages in the development of this interest in
methodology:
1
the translation movement of the philosopher-physicians
2
the movement leading up to the Inquisition brought on by
the rational theologians.
3
the movement which led to the development of 4 personal
schools of law and their crystallization after the Inquisition.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The methodology to arrive at consensus on any doctrine
was obtained from Aristotle's works.
3 stages in the development of this interest in
methodology:
1
the translation movement of the philosopher-physicians
2
the movement leading up to the Inquisition brought on by
the rational theologians.
3
the movement which led to the development of 4 personal
schools of law and their crystallization after the Inquisition.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
All the logical work had already been translated and
digested in the 2nd half of 9th century.
al- Farabi wrote a commentary on the method of
disputation.
But the end product was produced neither by philosophers
nor by the rationalist theologians but the by the
jurisconsults.
The institutions of higher learning, the schools that
produced the scholastic method were madrasa and before
that the masjid-khan complex which were devoted to legal
studies, exclusive of philosophy, theology.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
All the logical work had already been translated and
digested in the 2nd half of 9th century.
al- Farabi wrote a commentary on the method of
disputation.
But the end product was produced neither by philosophers
nor by the rationalist theologians but the by the
jurisconsults.
The institutions of higher learning, the schools that
produced the scholastic method were madrasa and before
that the masjid-khan complex which were devoted to legal
studies, exclusive of philosophy, theology.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
All the logical work had already been translated and
digested in the 2nd half of 9th century.
al- Farabi wrote a commentary on the method of
disputation.
But the end product was produced neither by philosophers
nor by the rationalist theologians but the by the
jurisconsults.
The institutions of higher learning, the schools that
produced the scholastic method were madrasa and before
that the masjid-khan complex which were devoted to legal
studies, exclusive of philosophy, theology.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
All the logical work had already been translated and
digested in the 2nd half of 9th century.
al- Farabi wrote a commentary on the method of
disputation.
But the end product was produced neither by philosophers
nor by the rationalist theologians but the by the
jurisconsults.
The institutions of higher learning, the schools that
produced the scholastic method were madrasa and before
that the masjid-khan complex which were devoted to legal
studies, exclusive of philosophy, theology.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
All the logical work had already been translated and
digested in the 2nd half of 9th century.
al- Farabi wrote a commentary on the method of
disputation.
But the end product was produced neither by philosophers
nor by the rationalist theologians but the by the
jurisconsults.
The institutions of higher learning, the schools that
produced the scholastic method were madrasa and before
that the masjid-khan complex which were devoted to legal
studies, exclusive of philosophy, theology.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The jurisconsults in the early 10th century used a method
based on
nazaar
jadal (dialectic ), ijma and khilaf (sic et non) and
munazara (disputation) all having to do with
and
scholastic method.
This methodology was taught in the colleges of law.
The starting point of scholasticism was the legal opinion
fatwa).
terms : i) madhab
process (
khilaf :
mustafti -requests
legal opinion from mufti, iv) request is sual or masala
(questiones ), iii) opinion given is jawab (response ) iv)
Key
: thesis being upheld, ii)
opinion conicting with the thesis iii)
When the response becomes a consensus it becomes a
madhab
or thesis.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The jurisconsults in the early 10th century used a method
based on
nazaar
jadal (dialectic ), ijma and khilaf (sic et non) and
munazara (disputation) all having to do with
and
scholastic method.
This methodology was taught in the colleges of law.
The starting point of scholasticism was the legal opinion
fatwa).
terms : i) madhab
process (
khilaf :
mustafti -requests
legal opinion from mufti, iv) request is sual or masala
(questiones ), iii) opinion given is jawab (response ) iv)
Key
: thesis being upheld, ii)
opinion conicting with the thesis iii)
When the response becomes a consensus it becomes a
madhab
or thesis.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The jurisconsults in the early 10th century used a method
based on
nazaar
jadal (dialectic ), ijma and khilaf (sic et non) and
munazara (disputation) all having to do with
and
scholastic method.
This methodology was taught in the colleges of law.
The starting point of scholasticism was the legal opinion
fatwa).
terms : i) madhab
process (
khilaf :
mustafti -requests
legal opinion from mufti, iv) request is sual or masala
(questiones ), iii) opinion given is jawab (response ) iv)
Key
: thesis being upheld, ii)
opinion conicting with the thesis iii)
When the response becomes a consensus it becomes a
madhab
or thesis.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The jurisconsults in the early 10th century used a method
based on
nazaar
jadal (dialectic ), ijma and khilaf (sic et non) and
munazara (disputation) all having to do with
and
scholastic method.
This methodology was taught in the colleges of law.
The starting point of scholasticism was the legal opinion
fatwa).
terms : i) madhab
process (
khilaf :
mustafti -requests
legal opinion from mufti, iv) request is sual or masala
(questiones ), iii) opinion given is jawab (response ) iv)
Key
: thesis being upheld, ii)
opinion conicting with the thesis iii)
When the response becomes a consensus it becomes a
madhab
or thesis.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The jurisconsults in the early 10th century used a method
based on
nazaar
jadal (dialectic ), ijma and khilaf (sic et non) and
munazara (disputation) all having to do with
and
scholastic method.
This methodology was taught in the colleges of law.
The starting point of scholasticism was the legal opinion
fatwa).
terms : i) madhab
process (
khilaf :
mustafti -requests
legal opinion from mufti, iv) request is sual or masala
(questiones ), iii) opinion given is jawab (response ) iv)
Key
: thesis being upheld, ii)
opinion conicting with the thesis iii)
When the response becomes a consensus it becomes a
madhab
or thesis.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The word lecture comes from the
derives from the word
legere
lectio
in Latin. It
which means to recite or read
aloud.
It corresponds to the word
qira'a
in Arabic which goes
back to the teaching of Quran by recitation.
The word reportatio is the note taking by accomplished
students of a professor's lecture.
In the Islamic legal literature, there is
ta'liqa
as an act of
note taking when the student of law takes his Professor's
course notes.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The word lecture comes from the
derives from the word
legere
lectio
in Latin. It
which means to recite or read
aloud.
It corresponds to the word
qira'a
in Arabic which goes
back to the teaching of Quran by recitation.
The word reportatio is the note taking by accomplished
students of a professor's lecture.
In the Islamic legal literature, there is
ta'liqa
as an act of
note taking when the student of law takes his Professor's
course notes.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The word lecture comes from the
derives from the word
legere
lectio
in Latin. It
which means to recite or read
aloud.
It corresponds to the word
qira'a
in Arabic which goes
back to the teaching of Quran by recitation.
The word reportatio is the note taking by accomplished
students of a professor's lecture.
In the Islamic legal literature, there is
ta'liqa
as an act of
note taking when the student of law takes his Professor's
course notes.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The word lecture comes from the
derives from the word
legere
lectio
in Latin. It
which means to recite or read
aloud.
It corresponds to the word
qira'a
in Arabic which goes
back to the teaching of Quran by recitation.
The word reportatio is the note taking by accomplished
students of a professor's lecture.
In the Islamic legal literature, there is
ta'liqa
as an act of
note taking when the student of law takes his Professor's
course notes.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The word lecture comes from the
derives from the word
legere
lectio
in Latin. It
which means to recite or read
aloud.
It corresponds to the word
qira'a
in Arabic which goes
back to the teaching of Quran by recitation.
The word reportatio is the note taking by accomplished
students of a professor's lecture.
In the Islamic legal literature, there is
ta'liqa
as an act of
note taking when the student of law takes his Professor's
course notes.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The
sic et non
which suddenly emerged in the West around
1100 AD was known in Islamic legal tradition as
Khilaf
from early 7th century.
The other two methods are the
known as
jadal
dialectic
and
disputatio
and munazara in Islam long before they
appeared in the West in the 12th century.,
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The
sic et non
which suddenly emerged in the West around
1100 AD was known in Islamic legal tradition as
Khilaf
from early 7th century.
The other two methods are the
known as
jadal
dialectic
and
disputatio
and munazara in Islam long before they
appeared in the West in the 12th century.,
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The
sic et non
which suddenly emerged in the West around
1100 AD was known in Islamic legal tradition as
Khilaf
from early 7th century.
The other two methods are the
known as
jadal
dialectic
and
disputatio
and munazara in Islam long before they
appeared in the West in the 12th century.,
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Ars Dictaminis )
The art of dictation (
is to write legal
documents formally.
Ars Notaria)
The art of notary (
is the art of formal note
taking.,
In the history of Islamic law, it was dened as the science
ilm
of composing legal instruments and keeping registers, (
ash'shurut wa'l sijillat )
which appeared in the early 10th
century.
inshaa,
ilm at tarassul (epistolary composition)
as ilm ash-shurut (ars notaria).
Muslim Jurisconsults applied the art of composition
in rhymed verse as
and in prose form
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Ars Dictaminis )
The art of dictation (
is to write legal
documents formally.
Ars Notaria)
The art of notary (
is the art of formal note
taking.,
In the history of Islamic law, it was dened as the science
ilm
of composing legal instruments and keeping registers, (
ash'shurut wa'l sijillat )
which appeared in the early 10th
century.
inshaa,
ilm at tarassul (epistolary composition)
as ilm ash-shurut (ars notaria).
Muslim Jurisconsults applied the art of composition
in rhymed verse as
and in prose form
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Ars Dictaminis )
The art of dictation (
is to write legal
documents formally.
Ars Notaria)
The art of notary (
is the art of formal note
taking.,
In the history of Islamic law, it was dened as the science
ilm
of composing legal instruments and keeping registers, (
ash'shurut wa'l sijillat )
which appeared in the early 10th
century.
inshaa,
ilm at tarassul (epistolary composition)
as ilm ash-shurut (ars notaria).
Muslim Jurisconsults applied the art of composition
in rhymed verse as
and in prose form
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Ars Dictaminis )
The art of dictation (
is to write legal
documents formally.
Ars Notaria)
The art of notary (
is the art of formal note
taking.,
In the history of Islamic law, it was dened as the science
ilm
of composing legal instruments and keeping registers, (
ash'shurut wa'l sijillat )
which appeared in the early 10th
century.
inshaa,
ilm at tarassul (epistolary composition)
as ilm ash-shurut (ars notaria).
Muslim Jurisconsults applied the art of composition
in rhymed verse as
and in prose form
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Ars Dictaminis )
The art of dictation (
is to write legal
documents formally.
Ars Notaria)
The art of notary (
is the art of formal note
taking.,
In the history of Islamic law, it was dened as the science
ilm
of composing legal instruments and keeping registers, (
ash'shurut wa'l sijillat )
which appeared in the early 10th
century.
inshaa,
ilm at tarassul (epistolary composition)
as ilm ash-shurut (ars notaria).
Muslim Jurisconsults applied the art of composition
in rhymed verse as
and in prose form
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Ars dictaminis
was implemented in academic curriculum
and in examining a candidate for admission to the guild of
ars dictaminis.
The Shuhud notaries
had to complete their legal studies
and were versed in the art of composing legal documents.
They were also professional witnesses who were sworn in
magistrates, qadis.
Early humanists were both jurists and notaries as a sign of
marriage between law and letters.
Both the Madrasa and the University did have something
common; the professors who had a license to teach.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Ars dictaminis
was implemented in academic curriculum
and in examining a candidate for admission to the guild of
ars dictaminis.
The Shuhud notaries
had to complete their legal studies
and were versed in the art of composing legal documents.
They were also professional witnesses who were sworn in
magistrates, qadis.
Early humanists were both jurists and notaries as a sign of
marriage between law and letters.
Both the Madrasa and the University did have something
common; the professors who had a license to teach.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Ars dictaminis
was implemented in academic curriculum
and in examining a candidate for admission to the guild of
ars dictaminis.
The Shuhud notaries
had to complete their legal studies
and were versed in the art of composing legal documents.
They were also professional witnesses who were sworn in
magistrates, qadis.
Early humanists were both jurists and notaries as a sign of
marriage between law and letters.
Both the Madrasa and the University did have something
common; the professors who had a license to teach.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Ars dictaminis
was implemented in academic curriculum
and in examining a candidate for admission to the guild of
ars dictaminis.
The Shuhud notaries
had to complete their legal studies
and were versed in the art of composing legal documents.
They were also professional witnesses who were sworn in
magistrates, qadis.
Early humanists were both jurists and notaries as a sign of
marriage between law and letters.
Both the Madrasa and the University did have something
common; the professors who had a license to teach.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Ars dictaminis
was implemented in academic curriculum
and in examining a candidate for admission to the guild of
ars dictaminis.
The Shuhud notaries
had to complete their legal studies
and were versed in the art of composing legal documents.
They were also professional witnesses who were sworn in
magistrates, qadis.
Early humanists were both jurists and notaries as a sign of
marriage between law and letters.
Both the Madrasa and the University did have something
common; the professors who had a license to teach.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Ars dictaminis
was implemented in academic curriculum
and in examining a candidate for admission to the guild of
ars dictaminis.
The Shuhud notaries
had to complete their legal studies
and were versed in the art of composing legal documents.
They were also professional witnesses who were sworn in
magistrates, qadis.
Early humanists were both jurists and notaries as a sign of
marriage between law and letters.
Both the Madrasa and the University did have something
common; the professors who had a license to teach.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Ijaza (licentia)
as an authorization rst appeared in Islam
to transmit hadith.
Two other licences then came; to issue legal opinions
(
al-ijaza li'l-ifta);
and later with advent of legal studies in colleges, to teach
al-ijaza li't-tadris ).
law, (
Fiqh meant to understand; it involved teaching
(ijtihad ) leading to legal opinion (fatwa).
a method
The licence was given only by the Master Jurisconsult in
his own name to his fellow.
The candidate was oered an oral exam to defend his
thesis through a series of disputations.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Ijaza (licentia)
as an authorization rst appeared in Islam
to transmit hadith.
Two other licences then came; to issue legal opinions
(
al-ijaza li'l-ifta);
and later with advent of legal studies in colleges, to teach
al-ijaza li't-tadris ).
law, (
Fiqh meant to understand; it involved teaching
(ijtihad ) leading to legal opinion (fatwa).
a method
The licence was given only by the Master Jurisconsult in
his own name to his fellow.
The candidate was oered an oral exam to defend his
thesis through a series of disputations.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Ijaza (licentia)
as an authorization rst appeared in Islam
to transmit hadith.
Two other licences then came; to issue legal opinions
(
al-ijaza li'l-ifta);
and later with advent of legal studies in colleges, to teach
al-ijaza li't-tadris ).
law, (
Fiqh meant to understand; it involved teaching
(ijtihad ) leading to legal opinion (fatwa).
a method
The licence was given only by the Master Jurisconsult in
his own name to his fellow.
The candidate was oered an oral exam to defend his
thesis through a series of disputations.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Ijaza (licentia)
as an authorization rst appeared in Islam
to transmit hadith.
Two other licences then came; to issue legal opinions
(
al-ijaza li'l-ifta);
and later with advent of legal studies in colleges, to teach
al-ijaza li't-tadris ).
law, (
Fiqh meant to understand; it involved teaching
(ijtihad ) leading to legal opinion (fatwa).
a method
The licence was given only by the Master Jurisconsult in
his own name to his fellow.
The candidate was oered an oral exam to defend his
thesis through a series of disputations.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Ijaza (licentia)
as an authorization rst appeared in Islam
to transmit hadith.
Two other licences then came; to issue legal opinions
(
al-ijaza li'l-ifta);
and later with advent of legal studies in colleges, to teach
al-ijaza li't-tadris ).
law, (
Fiqh meant to understand; it involved teaching
(ijtihad ) leading to legal opinion (fatwa).
a method
The licence was given only by the Master Jurisconsult in
his own name to his fellow.
The candidate was oered an oral exam to defend his
thesis through a series of disputations.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Ijaza (licentia)
as an authorization rst appeared in Islam
to transmit hadith.
Two other licences then came; to issue legal opinions
(
al-ijaza li'l-ifta);
and later with advent of legal studies in colleges, to teach
al-ijaza li't-tadris ).
law, (
Fiqh meant to understand; it involved teaching
(ijtihad ) leading to legal opinion (fatwa).
a method
The licence was given only by the Master Jurisconsult in
his own name to his fellow.
The candidate was oered an oral exam to defend his
thesis through a series of disputations.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Ijaza (licentia)
as an authorization rst appeared in Islam
to transmit hadith.
Two other licences then came; to issue legal opinions
(
al-ijaza li'l-ifta);
and later with advent of legal studies in colleges, to teach
al-ijaza li't-tadris ).
law, (
Fiqh meant to understand; it involved teaching
(ijtihad ) leading to legal opinion (fatwa).
a method
The licence was given only by the Master Jurisconsult in
his own name to his fellow.
The candidate was oered an oral exam to defend his
thesis through a series of disputations.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Ijaza
developed in Islam in the 10th century and appeared
in the West some 2 centuries later as
licentia docendi.
License to teach did not exist in Ancient Greek or Rome
and in Eastern Christian Byzantine or Latin West before
the 2nd half of 12th century.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Ijaza
developed in Islam in the 10th century and appeared
in the West some 2 centuries later as
licentia docendi.
License to teach did not exist in Ancient Greek or Rome
and in Eastern Christian Byzantine or Latin West before
the 2nd half of 12th century.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
Ijaza
developed in Islam in the 10th century and appeared
in the West some 2 centuries later as
licentia docendi.
License to teach did not exist in Ancient Greek or Rome
and in Eastern Christian Byzantine or Latin West before
the 2nd half of 12th century.
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The steps of the scholastic education starts with the initial
training in literary arts;
than passes through the steps of scholar (
faqih)
fellow (
mutafaqqih)
and
for undergraduate and graduate levels,
assisting the master as ordinary repetitor (
mud )
mu'id )
or
extraordinary docent (
including the work of building repertories of disputed
masa'il khilaya, quaestiones disputatio )
the student practice of quizzing each other (mudhakara,
collatio ),
questions (
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The steps of the scholastic education starts with the initial
training in literary arts;
than passes through the steps of scholar (
faqih)
fellow (
mutafaqqih)
and
for undergraduate and graduate levels,
assisting the master as ordinary repetitor (
mud )
mu'id )
or
extraordinary docent (
including the work of building repertories of disputed
masa'il khilaya, quaestiones disputatio )
the student practice of quizzing each other (mudhakara,
collatio ),
questions (
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The steps of the scholastic education starts with the initial
training in literary arts;
than passes through the steps of scholar (
faqih)
fellow (
mutafaqqih)
and
for undergraduate and graduate levels,
assisting the master as ordinary repetitor (
mud )
mu'id )
or
extraordinary docent (
including the work of building repertories of disputed
masa'il khilaya, quaestiones disputatio )
the student practice of quizzing each other (mudhakara,
collatio ),
questions (
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The steps of the scholastic education starts with the initial
training in literary arts;
than passes through the steps of scholar (
faqih)
fellow (
mutafaqqih)
and
for undergraduate and graduate levels,
assisting the master as ordinary repetitor (
mud )
mu'id )
or
extraordinary docent (
including the work of building repertories of disputed
masa'il khilaya, quaestiones disputatio )
the student practice of quizzing each other (mudhakara,
collatio ),
questions (
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
The steps of the scholastic education starts with the initial
training in literary arts;
than passes through the steps of scholar (
faqih)
fellow (
mutafaqqih)
and
for undergraduate and graduate levels,
assisting the master as ordinary repetitor (
mud )
mu'id )
or
extraordinary docent (
including the work of building repertories of disputed
masa'il khilaya, quaestiones disputatio )
the student practice of quizzing each other (mudhakara,
collatio ),
questions (
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
disputing for practice with fellow students or masters in
class (
munazara, disputatio )
disputation based on the confrontation of conicting
opinions (
khilaf, sic et non)
jadal, dialectica)
to teach (ijaza li't tadris,
and the mastery of the dialectic (
and nally obtaining the licence
licentia docendi )
and incepting by giving the inaugural lecture (
inceptio )
dars iftihadi,
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
disputing for practice with fellow students or masters in
class (
munazara, disputatio )
disputation based on the confrontation of conicting
opinions (
khilaf, sic et non)
jadal, dialectica)
to teach (ijaza li't tadris,
and the mastery of the dialectic (
and nally obtaining the licence
licentia docendi )
and incepting by giving the inaugural lecture (
inceptio )
dars iftihadi,
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
disputing for practice with fellow students or masters in
class (
munazara, disputatio )
disputation based on the confrontation of conicting
opinions (
khilaf, sic et non)
jadal, dialectica)
to teach (ijaza li't tadris,
and the mastery of the dialectic (
and nally obtaining the licence
licentia docendi )
and incepting by giving the inaugural lecture (
inceptio )
dars iftihadi,
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
disputing for practice with fellow students or masters in
class (
munazara, disputatio )
disputation based on the confrontation of conicting
opinions (
khilaf, sic et non)
jadal, dialectica)
to teach (ijaza li't tadris,
and the mastery of the dialectic (
and nally obtaining the licence
licentia docendi )
and incepting by giving the inaugural lecture (
inceptio )
dars iftihadi,
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
disputing for practice with fellow students or masters in
class (
munazara, disputatio )
disputation based on the confrontation of conicting
opinions (
khilaf, sic et non)
jadal, dialectica)
to teach (ijaza li't tadris,
and the mastery of the dialectic (
and nally obtaining the licence
licentia docendi )
and incepting by giving the inaugural lecture (
inceptio )
dars iftihadi,
Medieval Islam
The Origins and Development of Scholastic Method
disputing for practice with fellow students or masters in
class (
munazara, disputatio )
disputation based on the confrontation of conicting
opinions (
khilaf, sic et non)
jadal, dialectica)
to teach (ijaza li't tadris,
and the mastery of the dialectic (
and nally obtaining the licence
licentia docendi )
and incepting by giving the inaugural lecture (
inceptio )
dars iftihadi,