2009 se tIcf kwÿm\ _me-km-lnXy C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Ahm¿Up-Iƒ
{]Jym-]n-®p. ka{K kw`m-h-\-bv°p≈ Ahm¿Uv {io kn∏n ]≈n-∏p-d-Øn\v
2009 se tIcf kwÿm\ _me-km-lnXy C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Ahm¿UpIƒ {]Jym-]n-®p. _me-km-ln-Xy-cw-KsØ ka{K kw`m-h-\bv°p≈ kn Pn im¥-Ip-am¿ Ahm¿Uv ae-bm-fØ
- nse {]ikvX
_me-km-ln-Xy-Im-c≥ kn∏n ]≈n-∏p-d-Øn-\mWv e`n-®-Xv. Ip´nIƒ°mbn cNn® Ihn-X-Iƒ, IY-Iƒ XpSßn _me-km-lnXy
taJ-e-bn¬ \evIn-bn-´p≈ KWy-amb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn®mWv {io kn∏n ]≈n-∏p-d-Øn\v ka{K kw`m-h-\-bv°p≈
Ahm¿Uv \¬Ip-∂X
- v. 50,000 cq]bpw {]ikvXn ]{Xhpw inev]hp-aSßp-∂XmWv Ahm¿Uv.
IhnX hn`m-K-Øn¬ tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv
{]kn-≤o-I-cn-® Xqh¬ s‚ cN-bn-Xmhv {io cma-Ir-jvW≥
Ipa-c-\-√q-cn\pw IY/t\mh¬ hn`m-K-Øn¬ tIcf kwÿm\
_me-km-lnXy C≥Ãn-‰yq´v {]kn-≤o-I-cn-® \memw ¢m nse hcm¬ cNn® {io Fw B¿ tcWpIp-am-dn\pw ssh⁄m-\nIw/imkv{Xw hn`m-K-Øn-\p≈ ]n Sn `mkvIc ]Wn-°¿ Ahm¿Uv tIcf
imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv {]kn-≤o-I-cn-® P¥p-tem-I-Ønse IuXp-I-߃ cNn® {ioaXn Fw
KoXm-RvP-enbv°pw hnh¿Ø\w/]p\-cm-Jym\w hn`m-K-Øn¬ Un kn _pIvkv {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®
AºXv ac-°-Y-Iƒ cNn® {io Pn Fkv DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ \mb¿°pw Nn{Xo-I-cW hn`m-K-Øn¬
tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv {]kn-≤o-I-cn-® Rm≥ Ip™n-aqi Nn{Xo-I-cWw \S-Ønb
{io tKm]p ]´n-Ø-dbv°pw \mSI hn`m-K-Øn-\p≈ G{_lmw tPmk^v Ahm¿Uv ]q¿Æ _pIvkv
{]kn-≤o-I-cn-® s]m≥\m-Wbw cNn® {io Ben-¥d Pn IrjvW-]n-≈bv°pw e`n-°pw. Hmtcm
Ahm¿Upw 10,000 cq]bpw {]ikvXn ]{Xhpw inev]hpw ASßp∂-Xm-Wv.
ka{K kw`m-h\ ˛ kn∏n ]≈n-∏pdw
1943 sabv 18 \v Fd-Wm-Ipfw Pn√-bnse ssh∏n≥ ]≈n-∏p-dØv P\n-®p. 1966 apX¬ ]≈n-∏pdw
sk‚ v tacokv sslkvIq-fn¬ A[ym-]-I-\m-bn. Ign™ \mev]Xv h¿j-ambn ae-bmf kmlnXy
cwKØv {]h¿Øn®p hcp-∂p. 1985 ¬ ‘sN≠’ F∂ IrXn°v _me-km-ln-Xy-Øn-\p≈ tZiob
Ahm¿Upw ‘]qcw’ F∂ IrXn°v 1988 ¬ {]Ya `oam _me-km-lnXy Ahm¿Upw 1995 ¬ F≥
kn C B¿ Sn bpsS tZiob Ahm¿Upw t\Sn. 1988 se ssIcfn Nn¬{U≥kv _p°v {SÃv
Ahm¿Upw Xriq¿ klr-Z-b-thZn Ahm¿Upw ‘XØ-I-fpsS {Kmaw’ F∂ IrXn Ic-ÿ-am-°n.
‘A∏q-∏≥Xm-Sn-bpsS kz¿§-bm{X’ F∂ IrXn 1990 se tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Zan F≥tUmhvsa‚ v Ahm¿Uv, 1991 se sI kn _n kn Ahm¿Uv, kwÿm\ _me-km-lnXy C≥Ãn-‰yq´v
Ahm¿Uv Dƒs∏sS \mev Ahm¿Up-Iƒ t\Sn-sb-Sp-Øp. IpSpw_Zo]w Ahm¿Uv, tacohnPbw
Ahm¿Uv, ]n kn Fw Ahm¿Uv, sI kn ssh Fw Ahm¿Uv , Sme‚ v Ahm¿Uv, kn aØmbn
satΩm-dn-b¬ tKmƒUv saU¬ F∂n-hbpw e`n-®n-´p-≠v. Chbv°p ]pdta 1992 ¬ G‰hpw \√
A≤ym-]-I-\p≈ tZiob Ahm¿Upw e`n°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.
IhnX ˛ {io cma-Ir-jvW≥ Ipa-c-\-√q¿
(Xq-h¬)
{]km-[\w: tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv
]me-°mSv Pn√-bnse Ipa-c-\-√q-cn¬ P\n-®p. A£cn an\n
amkn- I - b psS {]km- [ - I \pw ]{Xm- [ n- ] - c p- a mbn kmlnXy
cwKØv {]th-in-®p. Ct∏mƒ bpdo° imkv{X ssZzhm-cn-IbpsS Atkm-kn-tb‰v FUn-‰¿. _me-km-ln-Xy-Øn-\p≈
te_¿ C¥y Ahm¿Uv (1995), F≥ kn C B¿ Sn bpsS
tZiob ]pc-kvImcw (1998) F∂nh e`n-®n-´p-≠v.
IY/t\mh¬ ˛ {io Fw tcWp-Ip-am¿
(\memw ¢m nse hcm¬)
{]km-[\w: tIcf kwÿm\ _me-km-lnXy C≥Ãn-‰yq´v
bph kmln-Xy-Im-c-∑m-cn¬ {it≤-b-\mb {io Fw B¿ tcWpIp-am¿ 1969 ¬ tIm´bw Pn√-bnse Imcm-∏p-g-bn¬ P\n-®p.
sk‚¿ t^m¿ sUh-e-∏vsa‚ v ÃUo-kn¬ \n∂pw C°-tWman-Ivkn¬ Fw^n¬ _ncpZw t\Sn. ‘sIWn-\n-e-ß-fn¬’ ‘shj°mb’ F∂o IhnXm kam-lm-c-߃ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.
shj-°mbv°v Fkv _n ‰n bpsS 2008 se IhnXm ]pc-kvImcw
e`n-®p. Ct∏mƒ tem°¬ ^≠v HmUn‰v Un∏m¿´vsa‚n¬ HmUn‰-dmbn tPmen sNøp-∂p.
ssh⁄m-\nIw/imkv{Xw
(]n Sn `mkvI-c-]-Wn-°¿ Ahm¿Uv)
(P¥p-tem-I-Ønse IuXp-I-߃)
{ioaXn Fw KoXm-RvPen
{]km-[\w: tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv
1956 HIvtSm-_¿ 5 \v ]pXp-t°mSv cma-\m-´p-I-c-bn¬ P\n-®p.
ck-X-{¥-Øn¬ _n Fkv kn bpw ^nkn-°¬ kb≥kn¬
Fw FUpw tkmtjym-f-Pn-bn¬ Fw F bpw ]mkm-bn-´p-≠v.
1979 ¬ cma-\m-´p-Ic tkhm-a-μncw So®¿ s{Sbn\nwKv C≥Ãn‰yq- ´ n¬ A≤ym- ] n- I - b mbn tN¿∂p. Ct∏mƒ AhnsS
{]n≥kn-∏-embn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p.
hnh¿Ø\w/]p\-cm-Jym\w
{io Pn Fkv DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ \mb¿
(A-ºXv ac-°-Y-Iƒ)
{]km-[\w: Un kn _pIvkv
1964 ¬ Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØv P\n-®p. _\m-dkv lnμp bqWn-thgvkn-‰n-bn¬ \n∂v Im¿jnI _ncp-Zhpw tP¿W-enkw B‚ v
amkv IΩyq-Wn-t°-j-\n¬ t]mÃv {KmPp-th‰v Untπm-abpw
sslZ-c-_m-Znse FIvÃ≥j≥ FUyq-t°-j-W¬ C≥Ãn-‰yq´n¬ \n∂v Im¿jnI ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ hnZKv≤ ]cn-io-e\hpw t\Sn-bn-´p-≠v. ]{X-am-[y-aß
- f
- nepw B\p-Im-en-Iß
- f
- nepw
teJ-\ß
- s
- f-gp-Xp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ Xncp-h\
- ¥
- ]
- pcw ^mw C≥^¿taj≥ _yqtdm-bn¬ A{Kn-°ƒ®-d¬ Hm^o-k-dmbn tPmen
sNøp-∂p.
\mSIw ˛ {io Ben-¥d Pn IrjvW-]n≈
G{_lmw tPmk^v Ahm¿Uv
(s]m≥\m-Wb
- w)
{]km-[\w: ]q¿Æ _pIvkv
1944 ¬ Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw Pn√-bnse sh™mdaq-Sn-\-Sp-Øp≈
Ben-¥-d-bn¬ P\n-®p. \mSIIrØv, tdUntbm \mS-I-߃,
kwhn-[m-b-I≥, Nn{X-Im-c≥, Im¿´q-Wn-Ãv, t]mÿ Unssk\¿ F∂o \ne-I-fn¬ {]-h¿Øn®p hcp-∂p. cwtKm-]-I-cWw
cwK-]-S-N-abw F∂o taJ-e-I-fn¬ {]hrØn ]cn-Nbw. \mSI
IrXn-Iƒ°v A_p-Zm_n i‡n Ahm¿Uv, kwÿm\ km£cX Ahm¿Uv, Ze Ahm¿Uv, Im‰vkv Ahm¿Uv, sI Fkv ‰n
F Iem-thZn Ahm¿Uv F∂n-hbpw e`n-®n´p≠v. 2006 ¬ tIcf
kwKoX \mSI A°m-Z-anbpw kwÿm\ _me-km-lnXy
C≥Ãn-‰yq´pw kwL-Sn-∏n® AJne tIcf \mSI a’-c-Øn¬
IrjvW-]n≈ cNn®v kwhn-[m\w \n¿h-ln® ‘]qh≥tImgn
ap´-bn´p’ F∂p \mS-I-Øn\v anI® Ah-X-c-W-Øn-\p≈
Ahm¿Upw e`n-®n-´p-≠v.
Nn{Xo-I-cWw ˛ {io tKm]p ]´n-Ød
(Rm≥ Ip™n-aq-i)
{]km-[\w: tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv
]me-°mSv Pn√-bnse ]´n-Ø-d-bn¬ P\n-®p. Xriq¿ tImtfPv
Hm^v ss^≥ B¿Svkn¬ \n∂pw Nn{X-I-e-bn¬ _ncpZw t\Sn
tIcf efn-X-Iem A°m-Z-an-bpsS Iem hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°p≈
kvtImf¿jn∏v 91-˛92, 92-˛93, 93-˛94 h¿j-ß-fn¬ e`n-®n-´p-≠v.
IqSmsX ]mT-]p-kvXI Nn{Xo-I-cW kanXn AwKw, Ip´n-IfpsS X\Xv Nn{X-Iem ]mc-ºcy cwKØv {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p.
Xfncv, bpdo° XpS-ßn-b, Ip´n-Iƒ°v th≠n-bp≈ amkn-I-Ifn¬ kzX{¥ Nn{X-Im-c≥, kwÿm\ _me-km-lnXy C≥Ãn‰yq-´v, tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv XpS-ßnb {]apJ
_me-]p-kvXI {]km-[I
- c
- psS ]pkvXI
- ß
- f
- nepw tZim-`n-am\n,
Iem- I u- a p- Z n, am[yaw XpS- ß nb Bgv N - ] - X n- ∏ p- I - f nepw
hc-®n-´p-≠v.