1. Written Constitution
 2. Rigid Constitution
 3. Supremacy of the Constitution
 4. Dual Polity
 5. Distribution of Subjects:(i) Subjects under the control of the Union
Government
(ii) Powers not given to the Federal Government
(iii) Powers not given to States
(iv) Residuary Powers with States.
6. Independent Judiciary
7. Bi-cameral Legislature
8.Double Citizenship
9. Separate Constitutions for the states.
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1.
2.
3.
1. States can not secede the Federation
2. States are not Sovereign
3. All States are Equal
4. States have separate constitution
FEDERAL OBLIGATION TOWARDS
THE STATES
Respect for the territorial integrity of the states.
Guarantee of Republican Government in States
Protection against foreign inventions and
domestic violence.
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1. Physical, Economic and Social Change
2. Civil War, 1861-1865
3. Constitutional Amendments
4. Laws passed by the Congress from time to
time
5. Judicial Decisions and the doctrine of Implied
Powers.
6.Swift means of transport and communications
7. Federal Grants-in-Aid
8. For better and balanced economic Progress
9. Impact of world Situation
10. Universal Tendency towards Centre
There is no doubt in the fact that due to social
and economic changes, civil war, constitutional
Amendments, laws passed by the congress, Judicial
decisions, doctrine of implied powers, federal grantsin-aid to the states, swift means of transport and
international situtation etc., There has been vast
increase in the powers of federal government in
American. Even today, the states are playing an
important role in American political system. America
is a big country where many forms of physical, recial
and economic discriminations are found and in such
a situation, only the federal system can be successful
and the following
Factors testify the existence of federal government in
America.
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1. Existence of state Government
2. For Federal Government, the respect of the
territorial integrity of the states is must.
3.Equality of the states.
4. Approval of the states over Constitutional
Amendments
5. Residuary Powers with the states.
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en.wikibooks.org/wiki/United_States.../The_Federal_Systemn
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Harry_Potter
Allen M. Potter, “American Government and Politics” Faber and
Faber, 1978
Magrnder, “American Government” Faber and Faber, 1928.
A.C. Kapoor & K.K. Mishra, Select Constitutions, S. Chand & Co., Delhi, 2001
G.A. Almond, G. B. Powell, K. Strom and R. Dalton, Comparative Politics Today:
AWorld View, Pearson Education, Delhi, 2007,
. H. Finer, Theory and Practice of Modern Government, London, Methuen, 1969.
S. E. Finer, Comparative Government, Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1974.