FORTHCOMING THIS FALL Key Updates Include: • Full integration of molecular systematics into Chapter 2, Methods and Principles of Biological Systematics. • Extensively revised treatments of 13 families that have undergone significant changes in circumscription. • A greatly expanded online Photo Gallery of Vascular Plants. SAMPLE PAGES MEDIA AND SUPPLEMENTS For the Student Photo Gallery of Vascular Plants A Companion to Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, Fourth Edition Walter S. Judd, Daniel L. Nickrent, Kenneth R. Robertson, J. Richard Abbott, Christopher S. Campbell, Barbara S. Carlsward, Tanja M. Schuster, Kurt M. Neubig, Scott Zona, Michael J. Donoghue, and Elizabeth A. Kellogg The Photo Gallery of Vascular Plants has been greatly expanded for the Fourth Edition of Plant Systematics, and is now available online. Over 9,700 color photos illustrating the diagnostic characters of (and variability within) the vascular plant families covered in the text, including many images showing floral and fruit dissections, are now included in the site. The Photo Gallery also includes an illustrated glossary of plant terminology. Each new textbook includes an access code for the site, and access may also be purchased separately. For the Instructor (available to qualified adopters) Instructor’s Resource Library The Plant Systematics Instructor’s Resource Library includes a collection of visual resources from the textbook for use in preparing lectures and other course materials. The textbook figures have all been sized and formatted for optimal legibility when projected. The IRL includes all textbook figures, tables, and floral formulas in JPEG (both high- and low-resolution) and PowerPoint formats. For detailed contents or to request an examination copy, visit our website: sinauer.com Plant Systematics, Fourth Edition Walter S. Judd, Christopher S. Campbell, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Peter ABOUT THE BOOK A comprehensive introduction to vascular plant phylogeny, the Fourth Edition of Plant Systematics reflects changes in the circumscription of several families in order to represent monophyletic groups, following the classification of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (and recent phylogenetic analyses). Appendices cover botanical nomenclature as well as field and herbarium methodology. The text is copiously illustrated, using in large part the informative analytical drawings developed as part of the Generic Flora of the Southeastern United States project. Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, Fourth Edition is appropriate for any course devoted to the systematics of angiosperms or vascular plants and, secondarily, for local flora courses. The text assumes no prerequisites other than introductory botany or biology. November 2015 • 575 pages (est.) 337 illustrations • 27 plates ISBN 978-1-60535-389-0 • casebound AFFORDABLE VALUE OPTIONS FOR EVERY FORMAT! Print Edition • Order from our website for a 15% discount from suggested list price.* ($93.46) • Free standard ground shipping to U.S. addresses on orders $40.00 and up. • Orders usually ship in 1–4 days. • Offer not available to resellers. eBooks Suggested list discounted 50% from bound book list price* for a 180-day subscription. ($54.98) Suggested list discounted 15% from bound book list price* to own permanently. ($93.46) Formats include BryteWave, RedShelf, VitalSource CourseSmart, and YUZU. *$109.95 Suggested list price $87.96 Net price to resellers Prices subject to change May 1 and November 1, yearly. New to the Fourth Edition • Chapter 2, Methods and Principles of Biological Systematics, has been completely rewritten with information on molecular (DNA-based) systematics now fully integrated—a change required by the increasing importance of molecular methods in the construction of phylogenetic hypotheses. The chapter includes updated and expanded coverage of maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, algorithmic approaches to tree construction, along with parsimony methods, and new sections on mapping characters on trees and dating phylogenies. • Sections on speciation and species concepts have been rewritten to incorporate extensive recent research on these topics. •E xtensive revisions to 13 families that have undergone significant changes in circumscription have been implemented. Revisions include the breakup of the non-monophyletic “Woodsiaceae,” “Portulacaceae,” and “Clusiaceae,” the segregation of Cleomaceae and Capparaceae from Brassicaceae s.l, Cabombaceae from Nymphaeaceae, Nyssaceae from Cornaceae, and Viscaceae from Santalaceae s.l. In addition, Illiciaceae are included in Schisandraceae, Hydnoraceae and Lactoridaceae in Aristolochiaceae, Centrolepidaceae and Anarthriaceae in Restionaceae, Turneraceae in Passifloraceae, Zannichelliaceae in Potamogetonaceae, and Memecylaceae in Melastomataceae. Several familial clades are for the first time included in the book: Balsaminaceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Fouquieriaceae, Garryaceae, Goodeniaceae, Hypoxidaceae, Musaceae, Phrymaceae, Pittosporaceae, and Thymelaeaceae. CONTENTS dition F. Stevens, and Michael J. Donoghue THE AUTHORS Walter S. Judd is Distinquished Professor Emeritus in the Department of Biology at the University of Florida. Christopher S. Campbell is Professor Emeritus of Botany at the University of Maine. Elizabeth A. Kellogg is a Member at the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center in St. Louis, Missouri. Peter F. Stevens is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Biology at the University of Missouri, St. Louis, and Curator of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Michael J. Donoghue is Yale University’s Sterling Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Curator of Botany at the Peabody Museum. • Higher-level phylogenetic relationships have been updated on the basis of recently published analyses, and these relationships are reflected in the authors’ use of names; e.g., within the flowering plants we now recognize Mesangiospermae, Pentapetalae, and the Superrosid and Superasterid clades. • Updates to all chapters and to nearly all cladograms take into account recent taxonomic methods and hypotheses. In addition, several new cladograms and figures have been added. Since most families have received new phylogenetic study since the previous edition, the summaries of phylogenetic patterns within each of these familial clades and their putative synapomorphies have been updated, including many changes in generic circumscription. • A greatly expanded online Photo Gallery of Vascular Plants includes over 9,700 photographs illustrating the diagnostic characters and morphological diversity of each of the familial clades covered in the textbook. The photos also include taxa of both temperate and tropical distribution, economically important species, and examples of important anatomical characteristics. For detailed contents or to request an examination copy, visit our website: sinauer.com 1. The Science of Plant Systematics What Do We Mean by Plant? What Do We Mean by Systematics? The Phylogenetic Approach The Practice of Plant Systematics Why Is Systematics Important? Aims and Organization of This Book 2. Methods and Principles of Biological Systematics Discovering Phylogeny: How Phylogenetic Trees Are Constructed • Evolutionary Trees and What They Depict. Reading the Tree. • Rooting • Homoplasy • Tree Building: Clustering Methods and Neighbor-Joining • Models of Evolution • Should You Believe the Tree? Bootstrapping and Comparison of Trees • Methods That Use an Optimality Criterion ° Parsimony ° Maximum Likelihood ° Bayesian Methods • Comparing Trees from Different Methods and Sources of Data Using Phylogenetic Trees • Constructing a Classification ° Grouping: Named Groups Are Monophyletic ° Naming: Not All Groups Are Named ° Ranking: Ranks Are Arbitrary ° Comparing Phylogenetic Classifications with Those Derived Using Other Taxonomic Methods • Describing Evolution: Mapping Characters on Trees • Dating Phylogenies 3. Classification and System in Flowering Plants: Historical Background Classification, Nature, and Stability Botany, Classification, and Biology Understanding Relationships Classifications and Memory The Formation of Higher Taxa Plant Groupings over the Years 4. Taxonomic Evidence: Structural and Biochemical Characters Morphology Pollination Biology Inflorescences, Fruits, and Seeds Anatomy Embryology Chromosomes Palynology Secondary Metabolites Proteins 5. The Evolution of Plant Diversity Plant Diversity Is the Result of Evolution Variation in Plant Populations and Species Speciation Origins of Reproductive Isolating Barriers Species Concepts 6. A n Overview of Green Plant Phylogeny Endosymbiotic Events “Algae” Viridophytes (Green Plants) Embryophytes (Land Plants) Tracheophytes (Vascular Plants) Spermatophytes (Seed Plants) Angiosperms (Flowering Plants) 7. Lycophytes, Ferns, and Gymnosperms Lycophytes • Lycopodiales Monilophytes (Ferns) • Psilotales • Ophioglossales • Equisetales • Leptosporangiate Ferns ° Osmundales ° Salviniales ° Cyatheales ° Polypodiales • Eupolypods I • Eupolypods II Gymnosperms • Cycadales • Ginkgoales • Coniferales • Gnetales 8. Phylogenetic Relationships of Angiosperms ANA Grade (Amborellales, Nymphaeales, Austrobaileyales) • Amborellales •N ymphaeales •A ustrobaileyales Mesangiospermae (including Magnoliids, Monocots, Eudicots) •C hloranthales (of uncertain position, possibly sister to Magnoliids) •M agnoliid Clade (Magnoliidae) ° Magnoliales °Laurales ° Canellales ° Piperales •C eratophyllales (placement uncertain) •M onocots (Monocotyledoneae) ° Acorales ° Alismatales ° Liliales ° Asparagales ° Dioscoreales ° Commelinoid Monocots (Commelinidae) • Arecales • Commelinales •Poales • Zingiberales •E udicots (Eudicotyledoneae) ° “Basal Tricolpates” • Ranunculales • Proteales • Trochodendrales • Buxales C ore Eudicots (Gunneridae) ° • Gunnerales P entapetalae (includes Super° rosids and Superasterids) • Superrosidae (includes Saxifragales and Rosid Clade) • Saxifragales • Rosid Clade (Rosidae) ° Vitales ° Fabids (or Eurosids I; Fabidae) • Zygophyllales • Oxalidales • Celastrales • Malpighiales • Fabales • Rosales • Cucurbitales • Fagales M alvids (or Euro° sids II; Malvidae) • Geraniales • Myrtales • Brassicales • Malvales • Picramniales • Sapindales • Superasteridae (Caryophyllales, Santalales, and Asterid Clade) • Caryophyllales • Santalales • Asterid Clade (=Sympetalae or Asteridae) ° Cornales ° Ericales ° Lamiids (or Euasterids I, Lamiidae) • Garryales • Solanales • Gentianales • Boraginales • Lamiales ° Campanulids (or Euasterids II; Campanulidae) • Aquifoliales • Apiales • Dipsacales • Asterales Appendix 1. Botanical Nomenclature Appendix 2. Specimen Preparation and Identification Glossary Taxonomic Index Subject Index Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers PRSRT STD U.S. Postage Paid Greenfield, MA Permit No. 183 23 Plumtree Road PO Box 407 Sunderland, MA 01375-0407 sinauer.com OF RELATED INTEREST Plant Physiology and Development, Sixth Edition Lincoln Taiz, Eduardo Zeiger, Ian M. Møller, and Angus Murphy, with contributors The Readable Darwin: The Origin of Species as Edited for Modern Readers Jan A. Pechenik Plant Physiology and Development, Sixth Edition has undergone an exciting revision reflecting the latest developments in plant molecular genetics. The Growth and Development section (Unit III) has been reorganized along developmental lines, based on the complete life cycle of seed plants from germination to senescence, and features two new chapters, Biotic Interactions and Abiotic Stress. 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