THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA JUDGEMENT
Delhi Jal Board Versus National Campaign for Dignity and
Rights of the Sewerage and Allied Workers & Others
Dignity and Rights of the Sewerage
and Allied Workers
Compiled and Edited by
Sarita Bhoi
New Delhi
2011
Human Rights Law Network
 To protect fundamental human rights, increase access to basic resources for the marginalised
communities, and eliminate discrimination.

To create a justice delivery system that is accessible, accountable, transparent, efficient and
affordable, and works for the underprivileged. Raise the level of pro bono legal expertise for the
poor to make the work uniformly competent as well as compassionate.

Professionally train a new generation of public interest lawyers and paralegals who are
comfortable in the world of law as well as in social movements, and who learn from social
movements to refine legal concepts and strategies.
Title: Dignity and Rights of Sewerage and Allied Workers
September 2011
Compiled and Edited by: Sarita Bhoi
Translation of Introduction: Suresh Nautiyal
Translation of HC Judgement: Anant Asthana
Translation of SC Judgement: Rajendra S Rawat
Design: Birendra K. Gupta
Pictures: Hilaans Nautiyal and NCDRSAW
Printed at: Shivam Sundaram, Green Park, New Delhi-110065
Published by:
Human Rights Law Network (HRLN)
(A division of Socio Legal Information Centre)
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Ph: +91-11-24379855/56
E-mail: [email protected]
Supported by:
Royal Netherlands Embassy
National Campaign for Dignity and Rights of Sewerage and Allied Workers
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All Rajasthan Safai Karmchari Mazdoor Sangathan
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All Rajasthan Safai Mazdoor Union
Asha Vikas Pariyojana
Awaz society
 Bal Vikas Dhara
 Bandhua Mukti Morcha
 Beghar Mazdoor Sangharsh Samiti
 Building and Wood Workers International
 Bharatiya Safai Kamgar Union (Gujarat)
 Centre for Development
 Centre for Education and Communication
 Dalit Adhikar Shodh Evam Sandarbh Kendra
 Dalit Uthan Samaj
 Delhi Asangathit Nirman Mazdoor Union
 Delhi Forces (Neeve)
 Delhi Jal Board Sewer Department Mazdoor Sangathan
 Delhi Jal Mal Kamgar Sangharsh Morcha
 Delhi Multi-storied Building Employees Congress
 Friends of Himalaya
 Harit Recyclers Association
 Hazard Centre
 Himalayee Sanskriti Sarankshan
 Shiksha Sansthan
 Human Rights Law Network
 Humanitarian and Peace Society
 Indian Social Institute
 Institute for Health Equity society
 ISHU
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
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Kachara Vahatuk Shramik Sabha
Kagaj Patra Kamgar Sangathan
Kamghar Swasthya Suraksha Mandal
Kheda Jila Safai Kamgar Mandal
Labour Education and Development Society
Lok Raj Sangathan
Manhole Kamgar Union
Matri Sudha
MCD Sangharsh Morcha
National Campaign for Dalit Human Rights
National Forum for Workers’ Rights
National Valmiki Veer Dal
NDMC Workers’ Federation
Nirman Mazdoor Kamgar Sangathan
Nirman Mazdoor Panchayat Sangam
Rajasthan Nirman Mazdoor Panchayat Sangathan
Safai Karamchari Andolan
SAFHAI UP
Socialist Front
Swaraj
Safai Kamgar Sangathan
Sarthak
Sarthak Yuva Sangthan
Social Development Society
Society for Participatory Development
SDA
Suraje
NCDARSAW: Phone- 09268532810, Email: [email protected] | KSSM: Phone- 09227553191, Email: hp_ahd1@yahoo.
co.in,[email protected] | LEDS: Phone- 09968285212, Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Contents
Introduction
5
Judgement: Delhi Jal Board Versus NCDRSAW & Others
9
ANNEXURE:
Delhi High Court Judgement: NCDRSAW Versus MCD and Others
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95
Introduction
A
number of anti-discrimination statutes and positive
benefit provisions exist in Indian law as safety
measures for the protection of the Dalits, but the
implementation and enforcement of these laws is poor.
Under Article 15 of the Constitution, no citizen shall on
grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any
or them, be subject to any disability, liability, restriction
or condition with regard to (a) access to shops, public
restaurants, hotels and places of public entertainment;
or (b) the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and
places of public resort maintained wholly or partly out
of the State funds or dedicated to the use of general
public. “Untouchability” stands abolished under
Article 17 and its practice in any form is forbidden and
punishable under law. Special enactments have been
made by the central and state governments to protect
SCs and STs from all forms of exploitation. The SCs/STs
constitute major bulk of agricultural and other types of
unorganised labour and majority of the bonded labour
also belong to SCs and STs.
The Minimum Wages Act, 1948, provides for fixing
minimum wages for different types of labour and the
Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976, provides
for abolition of the bonded labour system and for
release and rehabilitation or freed bonded labourers.
There are two important legislations related to Article
17, viz, The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955, and The
Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention
of Atrocities) Act, 1989.
Initially, the Untouchability (Offences) Act, 1955, had
been enacted to abolish the practice of untouchability
and social disabilities arising out of it against members
of the Scheduled Castes. It was amended in 1977 and is
now known as the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955.
Under the revised Act, the practice of untouchability
was made both cognizable and non-compoundable and
stricter punishment was provided for the offenders. But
still, human rights abuses in their most degrading form
continue against Dalits. The 1989 enactment is aimed
to prevent and punish State and private actors for
6
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
abuse against the Dalits, and provide for rehabilitation
and relief of the victims. And, this is the key legislation,
which provides protection and rights to the Dalits.
The primary piece of legislation designed to provide
a measure of protection to the Dalits and to enforce
their rights, the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 was passed
by Parliament when it became clear that existing laws
had not made a dent against the oppression of the
Dalits by upper castes and by the State apparatus even
40 years after Independence. The SC/ST (Prevention
of Atrocities) Act, 1989, though a marvelous piece of
legislation, is seriously underutilised, despite all the talk
among some of the so-called upper-caste saying that
it is being misused. Strenuous documentation by the
Dalit rights groups have clearly established that the Act
is hardly being used.
It is an irony that almost after five decades of India’s
Independence, it was in the year 1993 that the Indian
government passed a law to ban the inhuman and
degraded practice of manual scavenging. Manual
scavenging is one of the most extreme forms of
caste discrimination and the State’s complicity in its
continued practice is not in tune with the basic tenets
of the Indian Constitution. It is estimated that around
1.3 million Dalits in India, make their living through
manual scavenging -- a term used to describe the job
of removing human excreta from dry toilets and sewers
using pathetic tools such as thin boards, buckets and
baskets, lined with sacking, carried on the head. In
rural areas mostly women are engaged in this inhuman
occupation.
The Employment of Manual Scavengers and
Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993,
prescribes punishment to an employer who employs
manual scavengers and also to those who construct dry
latrines. The punishment prescribed is imprisonment
for up to one year and/or a fine. In cases where the
employees are the members of the Scheduled Caste or
the Scheduled Tribe, the employers are also liable to
prosecution under the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled
Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989.
The lack of political will and apathy of the State was
clearly visible when it took about four years for the
central government to even notify the law in the
government gazette. Reseach and surveys conducted
by various civil society organisations show that this
inhuman practices of manual scavenging forcing a
certain section of the Dalit community is still in practice
in many parts of the country where as the institution of
INTRODUCTION
State is still in a mode of denial. It is regressive to see
the Indian Railways as the largest employer of manual
scavengers in the country. The railway ministry claims
that they are yet to devise modern state-of-the-art
lavatories to be used in the trains.
In the year 2007, the National Campaign for Dignity and
Rights of Sewerage and Allied Workers filed a Public
Interest Litigation in the Delhi High Court facilitated
by the Human Rights Law Network, representing the
millions of scavengers in Delhi, who are employed by
the government agencies like Delhi Jal Board (the
agency which is responsible for water supply and for
liquid waste management), Municipal Corporation
of Delhi, New Delhi Municipal Council, Delhi State
Industrial Development Corporation, Central Public
Works Department and other civic bodies challenging
their respective roles in risking the lives of scavengers
and also not ensuring adequate safety and financial
security to them.
When the case was filed, there were reports coming
in regarding the deaths of the scavengers because
of poisonous gases and fumes in the drainage while
cleaning the same. These scavengers and sewage
workers were forced to go into the drains without any
safety equipment and gas cylinders. After their death,
7
the civic agencies also refused to pay any compensation
and financial benefits to them. In the PIL, these instances
were highlighted and the Delhi High Court found the
situation very grim and pathetic. The Court, therefore,
directed the civic bodies by its order dated 05.04.2008
to forthwith ensure, inter alia, providing free medical
care facilities to the sewage workers, payment of
compensation to the sewage workers, who are suffering
from occupational diseases, payment of compensation
and statutory dues like provident funds, gratuity, etc.,
to the dependents of such sewage workers, providing
protective gears and equipment to the workers going
down the drain, etc. The Court also directed to pay
a compensation of Rs. 1 lakh (Rupees one hundred
thousand) to every sewerage worker who lost his/her
life while performing his/her duties.
When the hearing progressed, the Court found that
there was very low level of implementation of orders
and directions of the order dated 05.04.2008 by these
civic bodies. Hence, after considering the affidavits filed
by different agencies and the reports submitted by
the Committee constituted by the Delhi High Court to
see the implementation of its orders, the Court finally
took a tough stand and passed the order on 21.04.2008
directing the civic bodies to ensure immediate payment
8
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
of compensation to the families of the victims through
Delhi Legal Aid Services Authority. The Court also
enhanced the compensation to some victims to tune
of Rs. 1.71 lakhs (Rupees 171 thousand). The Court
also issued show cause notices to these civic bodies for
initiating contempt of court proceedings.
Challenging the order dated 21.04.2008 passed by the
Delhi High Court, Delhi Jal Board filed the appeal in
Supreme Court of India. In the appeal, the civic body
contended that the High Court overreached its powers
while awarding compensation and directing them to
ensure safety and security of the sewerage workers.
The Supreme Court of India, on 12.07.2011, passed a
landmark judgement identifying and highlighting the
apathy and plight of the disadvantaged sections of
the society, particularly the scavengers and sewage
workers, who risk their lives by going down the drainage
without any safety equipment and security and have
been deprived of fundamental rights to equality, life
and liberty for last more than six decades.
The Court also criticised the government and the
State apparatus on being insensitive to the safety and
wellbeing of those who are, on account of sheer poverty,
compelled to work under most unfavourable conditions
and regularly face the threat of being deprived of
their life. The Supreme Court not only directed to pay
higher compensation to the families of the deceased,
but also directed the civic bodies to ensure immediate
compliance of the directions and orders passed by the
Delhi High Court for ensuring safety and security of the
sewage workers.
The Apex Court dismissed their plea and directed, by its
order dated 12.07.2011, the civic bodies to ensure the
immediate implementation of the orders passed by the
Delhi High Court on 05.04.2008, preferably within two
months and file a compliance report in the Delhi High
Court. The Court also enhanced the compensation to
be paid to each of the victims to Rs. 5 lakh (Rupees five
hundred thousand). The Court remanded the matter
back to the Delhi High Court for further hearing and
passing appropriate orders.
It is hoped that proactive judgement like this will ensure
dignity and rights of the sewerage and allied workers and
bring in a ray of hope for the marginalised community
even in the neo-global economic scenario.
Sarita Bhoi
Divya Jyoti Jaipuriar
Human Rights Law Network
REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO.5322 OF 2011
(Arising out of Special Leave Petition (Civil) No. 12345 of 2009)
Delhi Jal Board ……Appellant
Versus
National Campaign for Dignity and Rights of Sewerage
and Allied Workers & others ……Respondents
JUDGMENT
G.S. Singhvi, J.
1. Leave granted.
2. This appeal filed by Delhi Jal Board for setting
aside an interlocutory order passed by the Division
Bench of the Delhi High Court whereby it has
been directed to deposit Rs.79,000/-with Delhi
High Court Legal Services Committee in addition
to Rs.1.71 lacs already paid to the families of the
deceased worker, namely, Rajan. He is one of the
several thousand cases filed by the State and/or its
agencies/instrumentalities to challenge the orders
passed by the High Courts for ensuring that the goal
of justice set out in the preamble to the Constitution
of India is fulfilled, at least in some measure, for the
disadvantaged sections of the society who have
been deprived of fundamental rights to equality,
life and liberty for last more than 6 decades. The
appeal is also illustrative of how the State apparatus
is insensitive to the safety and well being of those
who are, on account of sheer poverty, compelled
to work under most unfavourable conditions and
regularly face the threat of being deprived of their
life.
3. The laws enacted by Parliament and State
legislatures provide for payment of compensation
to the legal representatives of those killed in air,
rail or motor accident. The legal representatives of
a workman, who dies while on duty in a factory/
industry/establishment get a certain amount of
compensation. Even those who are killed in police
action get compensation in the form of ex-gratia
10
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
announced by the political apparatus of the State.
However, neither the law makers nor those who
have been entrusted with the duty of implementing
the laws enacted for welfare of the unorganized
workers have put in place appropriate mechanism
for protection of persons employed by or through
the contractors to whom services meant to benefit
the public at large are outsourced by the State and/
or its agencies/instrumentalities like the appellant
for doing works, which are inherently hazardous
and dangerous to life nor made provision for
payment of reasonable compensation in the event
of death.
4. Since the legal representatives of the persons who
work in the sewers laid or maintained by the State
and/or its agencies/instrumentalities on their own
or through the contractors and who get killed due
to negligence of the employer do not have the
means and resources for seeking intervention of
the judicial apparatus of the State, the National
Campaign for Dignity and Rights of Sewerage and
Allied Workers, which is engaged in the welfare of
sewage workers filed Writ Petition No.5232/2007
in the Delhi High Court to highlight the plight of
sewage workers many of whom died on account
of contemptuous apathy shown by the public
authorities and contractors engaged by them and
even private individuals/enterprises in the matter
of providing safety equipments to those who are
required to work under extremely odd conditions.
In paragraphs 4 to 6 and 8 of the petition, the
petitioner made the following averments:
“4. That the Petition seeks to highlight the
plight of sewage workers in Delhi. Delhi
generates large quantities of sewage.
At present, the total quantity of sewage
generated is 2871 mld. Delhi Jal Board is
responsible for treatment and disposal of
wastewater through a network of about
5600 km of internal, peripheral and trunk
sewers, for which approximately 5500
sewage workers are employed with Delhi
Jal Board for maintenance of the sewage
system and other related works. The
11
DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS
working conditions for sewage workers
are such that they are not only exposed
to maximum risk against numerous toxic
and harmful substances, but also they
face suffocation and accidental deaths,
while working. These workers suffer from
high morality and morbidity due to such
exposure at workplace. Hereto marked
and annexed as Annexure P-1 are the
photographs showing the sewage workers
of Delhi as photographed by Indian Express.
These photographs tell the sad story of the
plight of these workers as of today.
5. Scores of sewage/manhole workers die
every year doing this work in Delhi. These
deaths are rarely documented. On 7.5.07
it was reported by Navbharat Times that
in 2003 the following deaths of manhole
workers took place:
Date
Place
Number of
Deaths
22 March
Brahmpuri
1
23 March
Shahdara
2
11 April
Shaktinagar
3
25 June
Rithala STP
5
July
Connaught Place
3
July
Okhla
1
October
Uttamnagar
4
In 2004 the following deaths took place:
Date
Place
Number of
Deaths
24 May
Wazirpur
3
25 May
Gautampuri
1
11 June
Samaypur
2
July
Wazirpur
2
October
Rohini
2
October
Padpadur
2
Hereto annexed an (Annexure P-2 is the
translated copy of the news article titled
‘Thekedaron Ki Laparwahi se ho rahi hain
mauten’ appearing in Navbharat Times on
7.05.07.
6. Even in year 2007, on 6.5.07 three sewage
workers Ramemsh, Santosh and Ashish
while working inside the sewer inhaled
poisonous gases and died of suffocation.
Hereto marked and annexed as Annexure
P-3 is the news report appearing in the
Times of India dated 7.5.2007. The accident
took place near Madrasi Nallah in front of
Vijay Enclave, Dabri (South West Delhi).
The claiming work was being done in
complete violation of the National Human
Rights Commission guidelines. The victims
worked without any helmet or gas masks,
12
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
which are mandatory, as stated by NHRC, for
the kind of work, they were doing. Neither
there was any first aid kit with the workers nor
artificial respirators and portable ladders were
made available to them by the contractors.
Apparently contractors violated all the rules
and guidelines.
8. That, a report has been prepared by Centre
for Education and Communication in
collaboration with Occupational Health &
Safety Management Consultancy Services on
“Health & Safety Status of Sewage Workers in
Delhi”. The report concludes:
“...The workers are suffering from high mortality
and morbidity due to exposure at workplace. 33
workers had died in last 2 years due to accidents
while working on the blocked sewer lines...Fiftynine percent of the workers enter underground
sewer manholes more than 10 times a month
and half of them have to work more than 8
hours a day. While working in underground
pipelines, an overwhelming majority of them
have had cuts or injuries, experienced irritation
of eyes and suffered from skin rash. Forty-one
workers have reported syncope, and other 24
reported temporary loss of consciousness. A
little over one-third of the workers had been
immunized against tetanus while none of them
had been vaccinated against hepatitis B.
Approximately 46 percent of workers across
all age group were found to be underweight
DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS
according to Body Mass Index (BMI)
calculation. 37 percent have less
hemoglobin than the normal range. More
than 65 percent have higher eosin Phil
count (6 percent) in spite of having normal
leukocyte counts (91 percent). None of
the samples tested for HBsAg were tested
positive. Results of urine examination
pointed to irreversible damaged done to
the body organ system.
More than 50 percent of the pulmonary
function tests results were abnormal. Chest
X-rays results further confirmed the loss
of functional capacity of the respiratory
system of the workers.
None of the worker has been given any
formal communication by the employer
about the hazard present during the work.
None has been trained to provide first aid
during any miss-happening.....usage of
other protective gears like gloves, mask,
and shoes were bare minimum. Even
supply of necessary safety gears was not
adequate to meet the requirements.
All daily wagers were getting a wage of
approximately 2950 rupees per months
without any other benefit irrespective of
service period.””
The petitioner then referred to order dated
15.6.2006 passed by the Gujarat High Court in
13
Special Civil Application No. 8989/2001 – Kamdar
Swasthya Suraksha Mandal and Special Civil
Application No.11706/2004 – the Manhole Workers
Union and Lok Adhikar Sangh and made various
prayers including issue of a mandamus directing the
respondents to provide every sewage worker with
protective gears, clothing and equipments in terms
of the order passed by the Gujarat High Court in the
two Civil Special Applications, pay compensation of
Rs.10 lacs to the families of the workers who died
after entering the manhole for sewage cleaning and
make provision for comprehensive medical checkup
of all the sewage workers and provide them medical
treatment free of cost along with full wages for the
period of illness.
5. After taking cognizance of the averments contained
in the writ petition, the Division Bench of the
Approximately 46 percent of
workers across all age groups
were found to be underweight
according to Body Mass Index
calculation and 37 percent
have less hemoglobin than the
normal range
14
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
High Court issued notice to the respondents and
also made a request to one of the Judges – Dr.
Justice S. Muralidhar, to make an attempt to find
out workable solution to the problems faced by
sewage workers. The learned Judge heard the
representatives of the writ petitioner, appellant
and other instrumentalities of the State, examined
the documents produced by them and passed
order dated 5.4.2008 incorporating therein several
suggestions for protection of the workers engaged in
cleaning of manhole etc.. The Division Bench of the
High Court, considered the suggestions made by Dr.
Justice S. Muralidhar, the affidavits and documents
filed by the appellant and the New Delhi Municipal
Council and passed detailed order dated 20.8.2008,
paragraphs 9 and 10 of which read as under:
“9. Having considered the various reports
made by the concerned agencies and also
the submissions made by the concerned
agencies and also the submissions made
at the bar, we pass the following interim
directions pending final disposal of this writ
petition:
(a) The medical examination and medical
treatment will be given free of charge
to sewer workers and the treatment
will continue for all such workers found
to be suffering from an occupational
disease, ailment or accident until the
workman is cured or until death.
(b) The services of the sewer workers
are not to be terminated, either by
the respondents or the contractors
engaged by them, during the period of
illness and they shall be treated as if on
duty and will be paid their wages.
(c) Compensation shall be paid by the
respondents and recoverable from
the contractors, if permissible in law,
to all the workmen suffering from
any occupational disease, ailment
or accident in accordance with
the provisions of the Workmen’s
Compensation Act, 1923.
(d) The respondents shall pay on the death
of any worker, including any contract
worker, an immediate ex-gratia
solatium of Rs. One lac with liberty to
recover the same from contractors, if
permissible in law.
(e) The respondents shall pay / ensure
payment of all statutory dues such as
Provident Fund, Gratuity and Bonus
to all the sewer workers, including
contract workers, as applicable in law.
(f) The respondents shall provide as
soon as possible modern protective
equipments to all the sewer workers
in consultation with the petitioner
organization.
DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS
15
(g) The respondents shall provide soap and
oil to all the workmen according to the
present quota, but on monthly basis
and not at the end of the year.
(k) The respondents shall authenticate by
signing the payment of wages register
for contract workers in terms of clause
5 of the Labour Regulations.
(h) The respondents shall provide
restrooms and canteens, in accordance
with the DJB model rules, including
therein first-aid facilities, safe drinking
water, washing facilities, latrines and
urinals, shelters, crèches and canteens
as set out in the model rules. There
are to be provided at what is known
as ‘stores’ which are the places where
the workers assemble to give their
attendance and from where they
depart to their respective work sites.
(l) The respondents shall submit to this
court and to the petitioner within
four weeks from today the full list
of contract workers and contractors
engaged for work relating to the
sewers together with the wages paid to
such workmen and the number of years
of employment of the workers.
(i) The respondents shall provide all
workman, including contract workmen,
with an accident-card-cumwage-slip
as set out in clause 8 of the C.P.W.D./
PWD (DA)/Delhi Jal Board Contractors
Labour Regulations (for short “Labour
Regulations”).
(j) The respondents shall provide all
workers, including contract workers,
employment cards as set out in clause
9 of the Labour Regulations and, on
termination of services provide the
contract workers and others with a
service certificate as set out in clause
10 of the Labour Regulations.
16
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
(m) The DJB is directed to ensure that the
ex-gratia payment in case of deaths
of sewer workers has been paid to the
families of deceased workmen and in
case such compensation is not paid,
release the same within a period of
eight weeks.
(n) NDMC is directed to pay ex gratia
payment of Rs. one lac each in respect
of the accident of 7th December, 2003
where three persons working under the
NDMC contractors died, with liberty to
recover the same from the contractor, if
permissible in law.
(o) The DJB and NDMC are directed to
hold an inquiry into deaths of sewer
workers referred to in paragraphs 15
and 16 of the written submission of the
petitioner dated 22nd July, 2008 and
submit a report to this Court within
a period of eight weeks. If it is found
that the contract workers in question
were working under the contractors
employed by NDMC/DJB, ex-gratia
compensation of Rs. One lac shall be
released forthwith to the families of the
victims subject to right of recovery from
contractors in accordance with law.
(p) The respondents shall place on record
a map showing the areas within the
MCD (1) where no sewage facilities are
available (2) where modern machinery
cannot enter due to narrow lanes or
otherwise (3) the areas serviced by
modern machinery and (4) critical area
where frequent deaths, accidents and
blockages occur, it shall be done within
three months from today.
(q) Lastly, the respondents are directed
to place on record the proposals and
plans to phase out manual work and
replace it with mechanized sewer
cleaning, as envisaged by DJB as well
as NDMC, which shall be done within
three months.
DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS
10. In order to ensure the compliance of
the above directions, we constitute a
Committee consisting of:
(i) Mr. S.R. Shankaran, IAS retired Chief
Secretary to the Government of Tripura,
Chairman:
(ii) One officer each to be nominated by
NDMC, DDA and DJB respectively, who
shall not be less than the rank of Under
Secretary to the Government of India.
(iii) Joint Secretary of the Social Welfare
Department, Government of NCT of
Delhi to be nominated by the Secretary
of that Department who shall be the
Convener of the committee.
(iv) One representative of the petitioner
organization.”
6. While the Committee constituted by the High
Court was examining various issues concerning the
sewage workers including their health and safety,
Hindustan Times (Metro edition) dated 26.3.2009
reported that as many as 6 sewage workers had died
in Delhi in the month of March 2009 due to inhaling
of toxic gasses in the manholes because they did
not have protective gears. Two of the workers died
in the area of Alipur (Narela), two in the area of
Bawana and one each in Sector 6, Narela and Delhi
Zoo, Sunder Nagar, New Delhi. Four of these deaths
17
None of the worker has been given
any formal communication by the
employer about the hazard present
during the work. None has been
trained to provide first aid during
any mishappening...
occurred within the jurisdiction of appellant – Delhi
Jal Board, Delhi Development Authority and Delhi
State Industrial Development Corporation and two
deaths occurred in private farm house – Katyal Farm
House, Bakhtawarpur Road, Narela.
7. After taking cognizance of the aforesaid report, the
Division Bench of the High Court directed appellant
-Delhi Jal Board and the Delhi Development
Authority to file their respective affidavits.
Notices were also issued to Delhi State Industrial
Development Corporation, the owners of private
farm house and the police department.
8. In the affidavit filed by him, Sri Sukhai Ram, Chief
Engineer, Delhi Jal Board claimed that the person
who died on 15.3.2009 was a painter and not a
sewage beldar. He gave out that the victim was
engaged by a subcontractor, namely, Kanta Prasad
18
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
who, in turn, had been engaged by M/s. AARSELF
Michigan-JV, to whom contract was awarded for
rehabilitation of sewer in the zoo area. According
to Shri Sukhai Ram, the victim fell into the sewer
because he became unconscious after inhaling
the fumes of epoxy. He also stated that a sum of
Rs.1.71 lacs was paid to the family of the victim
by the contractor. In the affidavits filed on behalf
of the Delhi Development and the Delhi State
Industrial Development Corporation, it was claimed
that the deceased workers were not employed by
or through them. However, during the course of
hearing, learned counsel appearing on behalf of
the appellant and other authorities conceded that
as per the FIRs., the workers had died because they
were not provided with protective gears before
being asked to work in the manholes.
DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS
9. After considering the affidavits filed by the State
agencies and the arguments made before it, the
Division Bench of the High Court passed order dated
21.4.2009 (impugned order), the relevant portions
of which read as under:
19
became unconscious and ultimately declared to
be dead when he was taken to the hospital. The
other workman was feeling giddy and fell down
and sustained injuries on his face.
Learned counsel appearing for the DJB
conceded that protective
equipments were not
While the Committee
provided by the DJB in
spite of the directions
constituted by the High Court
issued by this Court vide
was examining various issues
order dated 20th August,
2008. According to him
concerning the sewage workers
the responsibility was of
including their health and safety, the contractor to provide
safety equipments as per
Hindustan Times reported that
the contract. It is clear
that the sewage workers
as many as six sewage workers
were left at the mercy of
had died in Delhi in the month
the contractor who failed
to take basic precautions
of March 2009 due to inhaling
resulting in death of
of toxic gasses in the manholes
workman Rajan.
“On going through the
FIR, however, it is clearly
seen that the affidavit
filed on behalf of DJB is
completely misleading.
It is seen from the FIR
that the victim Rajan
and another workman,
namely, Raj Kumar went
inside the sewer through
stairs. Before going down
they had asked the official
of the contractor for
safety equipments and
oxygen masks, but the
official of the contractor
did not pay heed to their
Insofar as the death
because they did not have
requests. It is further
that occurred within the
seen from the FIR that
protecti
ve
gears
jurisdiction of DDA, it has
they were working in the
been stated in its affidavit
same manner for the last
that
no work of de-silting
one week but despite
of sewage lines or otherwise was in progress
repeated requests made to the contractor they
in the concerned division of DDA in which the
were not provided with safety equipments and
accident took place. It was stated that possibly
oxygen masks. It is further seen that they were
some local residents had employed a person by
painting the sewer and due to presence of toxic
gases and lack of oxygen in the sewer, Rajan
20
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
the name Rakesh Kumar on their own to check
the particular manhole, in which the incident
took place. During the course of arguments,
however, learned counsel for DDA conceded
that the affidavit does not reflect the correct
position. He admitted that Rakesh Kumar
Saini was entrusted with the work of desilting
of the sewage lines, but according to him the
contract was completed in December, 2008.
Further, according to him though the contract
provided for a warranty period six months,
the contractor could not have carried out any
further work in the sewage line without prior
permission of the DDA. Counsel states that the
DDA had not provided protective gears and
equipments as directed by this Court because
under the contract it was the responsibility of
the contractor to provide the protective gears
and equipments.
Insofar as DSIDC is concerned, it is seen from
the FIR that four workers were involved in
the incident. Two workers namely, Manpal
and Ram Braj Yadav died while two others
namely, Shyambir Sarvesh and Brajpal Yadav
were injured. They were working under the
contractor engaged by the DSIDC i.e. M/s
Arun Kumar Goel. It is seen from the FIR that
the workers were not provided with protective
gears and safety equipments.
As already noted, two deaths occurred in Katyal
Farms House, Bhaktwarpur Road, Narela. It
DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS
21
is seen from the FIR that the workers who
died while carrying out the work of cleaning
the sewer were employees of the contractor
by name Sunil, engaged by the Farm House
owners. Learned counsel appearing for the farm
house owners state that the owners have paid
a sum of Rs. 1 Lac in ex-gratia to the families of
each of the victims.
At the outset it must be stated that both
DJB and DDA have not complied with the
directions issued by this Court on 20 August,
2008, particularly directions for providing
protective gears and equipment and for issuing
employment cards to the contractor’s workers.
Let notice be issued to the CEO, DJB and the Vice
Chairman, DDA to show cause as why action
for contempt should not be initiated against
them under the Contempt of Courts Act for
violating the directi
th ons issued by this Court vide
order dated 20 thAugust, 2008. Notice shall be
returnable on 27 August, 2009.
DDA and DSIDC are directed to deposit the
amount of compensation of Rs.2.5 lacs per
worker with the Delhi High Court Legal Services
Committee (DHCLSC) for being paid to the
families of the victims within four weeks. It will
be open to the DDA/DSIDC to adjust/recover
the amount paid from the contractor. According
to the DJB, the contractor has already paid a
sum of Rs.1.71 lacs to the victims’ families. DJB
is directed to deposit the balance amount to
22
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
compensation i.e. Rs.79,000/-with the DHCLSC
within four weeks. DHCLSC will ascertain
whether the amount of Rs.1.71 lacs has been
received by the victims’ families as stated by
the DJB. The owners of Katyal Farm House
shall deposit a sum of Rs.1.5 lacs per worker,
i.e., in all Rs.3 lacs, with DHCLSC. DHCLSC will
ascertain whether the victims’ families have
received the amount of Rs. 1 lac as claimed by
the farm house owners.
The CEO of DJB, Vice Chairman of DDA and
Managing Director of DSIDC are directed
to file their respective affidavits before the
Committee within four weeks confirming
that their respective affidavits before the
Committee within four weeks confirming that
their organizations have complied with all
the directions issued by this Court from time
to time and if there are any shortcomings, to
specify them and also to give an undertaking in
writing before the Committee that all shortfalls
shall be rectified within a period to be fixed
by the Committee. All the three organizations
are directed to file documents before the
Committee indicating:
(i) That all the muster roll workers and the
contract workers have been provided with
protective gears.
(ii) That all the muster roll workers and the
contract workers have been provided
provident fund.
(iii) That all the muster roll workers have been
given employment card.
DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS
(iv) That medical examination, as directed by
this Court, is being conducted in respect of
contract workers free of cost and copies of
the medical records may also be furnished
to the petitioner union.”
10. Learned counsel for the appellant, who had the
tacit support of the learned counsel representing
the Government of National Capital Territory
of Delhi, New Delhi Municipal Council and the
Delhi Development Authority, argued that the
impugned order is liable to be set aside because by
entertaining the writ petition filed by respondent
No.1 in the name of public interest litigation and
passing orders dated 20.8.2008 and 21.4.2009, the
High Court transgressed the limits of its jurisdiction
under Article 226 of the Constitution and usurped
the legislative power of the State. Learned counsel
referred to the directions contained in the two
orders and argued that the High Court does not
have the jurisdiction to directly or indirectly alter
the terms of agreement entered into between
the appellant and the contractor – M/s. AARSELF
Michigan-JV. Learned counsel further argued that
the High Court committed serious error by directing
the appellant to pay compensation to the family
of the worker ignoring that he was employed by
M/s. AARSELF Michigan-JV to whom the contract
for rehabilitation of sewer in the zoo area had
23
been awarded. Learned counsel emphasized that
as per the terms of the agreement, it was the duty
of the contractor to provide safety equipments to
the workers engaged in sewage operations and the
appellant cannot be made liable for the negligence,
if any, of the contractor. Learned counsel then
referred to affidavit dated 18.4.2009 filed by
the contractor to show that necessary safety
equipments were put in place and argued that
the appellant and other public authorities cannot
be held liable for the accidental deaths. Learned
counsel lastly argued that even if the High Court felt
that it was the responsibility of the appellant and
other public authorities to compensate the victims
of accident, there was no occasion for directing
issue of notice to the higher functionaries of the
appellant and the Delhi Development Authority
to show cause against the proposed initiation of
proceedings under the Contempt of Courts Act,
1971 (for short, ‘the 1971 Act’) on the ground of
alleged violation of the directions contained in
order dated 20.8.2008.
11. Shri Colin Gonsalves, learned senior counsel
appearing for respondent No.1 supported the
impugned order and the directions given by the High
Court for ensuring safety of the persons employed
by or through the appellant and other State agencies
for doing hazardous work by asserting that they
24
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
cannot be absolved of their liability to compensate
the victims of accidents merely because the work of
laying and maintaining the sewage system has been
outsourced. Learned senior counsel submitted
that the appellant is really not aggrieved by the
direction given for payment of compensation,
but is bothered by the notice issued to its Chief
Executive Officer for initiation of proceedings under
the 1971 Act. He submitted that this Court should
not entertain the appellant’s grievance against such
directions because the concerned functionary can
show to the High Court that he has not committed
contempt within the meaning of Section 2(b) of the
1971 Act.
12. In the light of the arguments made by the learned
counsel, the following three questions arise for our
consideration:
(1) Whether the High Court was justified
in entertaining the writ petition filed by
respondent No.1 by way of public interest
litigation for compelling the respondents to take
effective measures for safety of sewage workers
and ordering payment of compensation to the
families of the victims of accidents taking place
during sewage operations,
(2) Whether the directions given by the High Court
amount to usurpation of the legislative power
of the State, and
(3) Whether the High Court was entitled to issue
interim direction for payment of compensation
to the families of deceased workers.
For achieving the goals set out in the Preamble, the framers of the
Constitution identified and recognised certain basic rights of the citizens and
individuals and pooled them in Part III, which has the title `Fundamental
Rights’ and simultaneously incorporated Directive Principles of State Policy
which, though not enforceable by any Court are fundamental in governance
of the country and the State is under obligation to comply with the principles
embodied in Part-IV in making laws
DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS
25
Re: Question No.1:
13. At the threshold, we deem it
necessary to erase the impression
and misgivings of some people that by
entertaining petitions filed by social
action groups/activists/workers and
NGOs for espousing the cause of those
who, on account of poverty, illiteracy
and/or ignorance and similar other
handicaps, cannot seek protection
and vindication of their constitutional
and/or legal rights and silently suffer
due to actions and/or omissions of
the State apparatus and/or agencies/
instrumentalities of the State or
even private individuals, the superior
Courts exceed the unwritten boundaries of their
jurisdictions. When the Constitution of India was
adopted, the people of this country resolved
to constitute India into a Sovereign Democratic
Republic. They also resolved to secure to all its
citizens justice, social, economic and political;
liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and
worship; equality of status and of opportunity; and
to promote among them all fraternity assuring the
dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity
of the nation.
14. For achieving the goals set out in the preamble,
the framers of the Constitution identified and
recognized certain basic rights of the citizens and
individuals and pooled them in Part III, which has
the title `Fundamental Rights’ and simultaneously
incorporated Directive Principles of State Policy
which, though not enforceable by any Court are
fundamental in governance of the country and the
State is under obligation to comply with the principles
embodied in Part-IV in making laws. Article 38,
which was renumbered as Clause (1) thereof by the
Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978
26
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
declares that the State shall strive to promote the
welfare of the people by securing and protecting as
effectively as it may a social order in which justice,
social, economic and political, shall inform all the
institutions of the national life. Clause (2) of this
Article, which was inserted by the same Amending
Act declares that State shall, in particular, strive to
minimize the inequalities in income, and endeavour
to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and
opportunities, not only amongst individuals, but
also amongst groups of people residing in different
areas or engaged in different vocations. Article
39(e) mandates that the State shall, in particular,
direct its policy towards securing that the health
and strength of workers, men and women, and
the tender age of children are not abused and that
citizens are not forced by economic necessity to
enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength.
Article 39A which was inserted by the Constitution
(Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976 lays down
that the State shall secure that the operation of
the legal system promotes justice, on a basis of
equal opportunity, and shall, in particular, provide
free legal aid, by suitable legislation or schemes
or in any other way, to ensure that opportunities
for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by
reason of economic or other disabilities. Article 42
enjoins the State to make provision for securing just
and humane conditions of work and for maternity
relief.
15. In last 63 years, Parliament and State Legislatures
have enacted several laws for achieving the goals
set out in the preamble but their implementation
has been extremely inadequate and tardy and
benefit of welfare measures enshrined in those
legislations has not reached millions of poor,
downtrodden and disadvantaged sections of the
society and the efforts to bridge the gap between
the haves and have-nots have not yield the desired
result. The most unfortunate part of the scenario
is that whenever one of the three constituents of
the State i.e., judiciary, has issued directions for
ensuring that the right to equality, life and liberty
no longer remains illusory for those who suffer from
the handicaps of poverty, illiteracy and ignorance
and directions are given for implementation of the
laws enacted by the legislature for the benefit of the
have-nots, a theoretical debate is started by raising
the bogey of judicial activism or judicial overreach
and the orders issued for benefit of the weaker
sections of the society are invariably subjected to
challenge in the higher Courts. In large number of
cases, the sole object of this litigative exercise is to
tire out those who genuinely espouse the cause of
the weak and poor.
DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS
16. This Court has time and again emphasized the
importance of the petitions filed pro bono publico
for protection of the rights of less fortunate and
vulnerable sections of the society. In People’s Union
for Democratic Rights v. Union of India (1982) 3
SCC 235, this Court said:
“We wish to point out with all the emphasis at our
command that public interest litigation which
is a strategic arm of the legal aid movement
and which is intended to bring justice within
the reach of the poor masses, who constitute
the low visibility area of humanity, is a totally
different kind of litigation from the ordinary
27
traditional litigation which is essentially of an
adversary character where there is a dispute
between two litigating parties, one making
claim or seeking relief against the other and
that other opposing such claim or resisting such
relief. Public interest litigation is brought before
the court not for the purpose of enforcing
the right of one individual against another as
happens in the case of ordinary litigation, but
it is intended to promote and vindicate public
interest which demands that violations of
constitutional or legal rights of large numbers
of people who are poor, ignorant or in a socially
or economically disadvantaged position should
not go unnoticed and unredressed. That would
be destructive of the rule of law which forms
one of the essential elements of public interest
in any democratic form of Government. The
rule of law does not mean that the protection
of the law must be available only to a fortunate
few or that the law should be allowed to be
prostituted by the vested interests for protecting
and upholding the status quo under the guise
of enforcement of their civil and political rights.
The poor too have civil and political rights and
the rule of law is meant for them also, though
today it exists only on paper and not in reality.
If the sugar barons and the alcohol kings have
the fundamental right to carry on their business
and to fatten their purses by exploiting the
consuming public, have the chamars belonging
28
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
to the lowest strata of society no fundamental
right to earn an honest living through their
sweat and toil? The former can approach the
courts with a formidable army of distinguished
lawyers paid in four or five figures per day and
if their right to exploit is upheld against the
Government under the label of fundamental
right, the courts are praised for their boldness
and courage and their independence and
fearlessness are applauded and acclaimed.
priceless and invaluable as they are for freedom
and democracy, simply do not exist for the vast
masses of our people. Large numbers of men,
women and children who constitute the bulk
of our population are today living a subhuman
existence in conditions of abject poverty; utter
grinding poverty has broken their back and
sapped their moral fibre.
They have no faith in the existing social and
economic system.
Public interest litigation, as we conceive it, is essentially a cooperative
or collaborative effort on the part of the petitioner, the State or public
authority and the court to secure observance of the constitutional or legal
rights, benefits and privileges conferred upon the vulnerable sections of the
community and to reach social justice to them
But, if the fundamental right of the poor and
helpless victims of injustice is sought to be
enforced by public interest litigation, the socalled champions of human rights frown upon
it as waste of time of the highest court in the
land, which, according to them, should not
engage itself in such small and trifling matters.
Moreover, these self-styled human rights
activists forget that civil and political rights,
Public interest litigation, as we conceive it, is
essentially a cooperative or collaborative effort
on the part of the petitioner, the State or public
authority and the court to secure observance
of the constitutional or legal rights, benefits
and privileges conferred upon the vulnerable
sections of the community and to reach social
justice to them. The State or public authority
against whom public interest litigation is
brought should be as much interested in
DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS
ensuring basic human rights, constitutional
as well as legal, to those who are in a socially
and economically disadvantaged position, as
the petitioner who brings the public interest
litigation before the court. The State or public
authority which is arrayed as a respondent
in public interest litigation should, in fact,
welcome it, as it would give it an opportunity to
right a wrong or to redress an injustice done to
the poor and weaker sections of the community
whose welfare is and must be the prime concern
of the State or the public authority.
There is a misconception in the minds of some
lawyers, journalists and men in public life
that public interest litigation is unnecessarily
cluttering up the files of the court and adding to
the already staggering arrears of cases which
are pending for long years and it should not
therefore be encouraged by the court. This is,
to our mind, a totally perverse view smacking
of elitist and status quoist approach. Those who
are decrying public interest litigation do not
seem to realise that courts are not meant only
for the rich and the well-to-do, for the landlord
and the gentry, for the business magnate and
the industrial tycoon, but they exist also for the
poor and the down-trodden, the have-nots and
the handicapped and the half-hungry millions
of our countrymen. So far the courts have
been used only for the purpose of vindicating
the rights of the wealthy and the affluent. It is
29
only these privileged classes which have been
able to approach the courts for protecting
their vested interests. It is only the moneyed
who have so far had the golden key to unlock
the doors of justice. ………No State has a right
to tell its citizens that because a large number
of cases of the rich and the well-to-do are
pending in our courts, we will not help the poor
to come to the courts for seeking justice until
the staggering load of cases of people who can
afford, is disposed of. The time has now come
when the courts must become the courts for
the poor and struggling masses of this country.
They must shed their character as upholders
of the established order and the status quo.
They must be sensitised to the need of doing
justice to the large masses of people to whom
justice has been denied by a cruel and heartless
society for generations. The realisation must
come to them that social justice is the signature
tune of our Constitution and it is their solemn
duty under the Constitution to enforce the
basic human rights of the poor and vulnerable
sections of the community and actively help in
the realisation of the constitutional goals.”
(emphasis supplied)
17. In Hussainara Khatoon (IV) v. State of Bihar (1980) 1
SCC 98, P.N. Bhagwati, J. (as he then was) observed:
“..… Today, unfortunately, in our country the
poor are priced out of the judicial system with
30
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
the result that they are losing faith in the
capacity of our legal system to bring about
changes in their life conditions and to deliver
justice to them. The poor in their contact with
the legal system have always been on the
wrong side of the line. They have always come
across ‘law for the poor’ rather than ‘law of
the poor’. The law is regarded by them as
something mysterious and forbidding—always
taking something away from them and not
as a positive and constructive social device
for changing the social economic order and
improving their life conditions by conferring
rights and benefits on them. The result is that
the legal system has lost its credibility for the
weaker sections of the community.”
18. In Municipal Council, Ratlam v. Vardhichan (1980)
4 SCC 162, Krishna Iyer, J. said:
“… The truth is that a few profound issues of
processual jurisprudence of great strategic
significance to our legal system face us and we
must zero-in on them as they involve problems
of access to justice for the people beyond the
blinkered rules of ‘standing’ of British-Indian
vintage. If the centre of gravity of justice is
to shift, as the Preamble to the Constitution
mandates, from the traditional individualism
of locus standi to the community orientation of
public interest litigation, these issues must be
considered.…
xxx xxx xxx
. … Why drive common people to public interest
action? Where directive principles have found
statutory expression in do’s and don’ts the
court will not sit idly by and allow municipal
government to become a statutory mockery.
The law will relentlessly be enforced and the
plea of poor finance will be poor alibi when
people in misery cry for justice.”
19. In State of Uttaranchal v. Balwant Singh Chaufal
(2010) 3 SCC 402), this Court examined various
facets of public interest litigation in the backdrop
of criticism from within and outside the system.
Dalveer Bhandari, J. made lucid analysis of the
concept and development of public interest
The truth is that a few profound issues of processual jurisprudence of great
strategic significance to our legal system face us and we must zero-in on
them as they involve problems of access to justice
DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS
litigation in the following three phases:
“Phase I.—It deals with cases of this Court where
directions and orders were passed primarily
to protect fundamental rights under Article
21 of the marginalised groups and sections of
the society who because of extreme poverty,
illiteracy and ignorance cannot approach this
Court or the High Courts.
Phase II.—It deals with the cases relating
to protection, preservation of ecology,
environment, forests, marine life, wildlife,
mountains, rivers, historical monuments, etc.
etc.
Phase III.—It deals with
the directions issued by the
Courts in maintaining the
probity, transparency and
integrity in governance.”
While dealing with the first
phase of development,
the Court referred to large
number of precedents and
recorded its conclusion in
the following words:
“We would not like to
overburden the judgement
by multiplying these cases,
but a brief resume of these
cases demonstrates that in
31
order to preserve and protect the fundamental
rights of marginalised, deprived and poor
sections of the society, the courts relaxed the
traditional rule of locus standi and broadened
the definition of aggrieved persons and gave
directions and orders. We would like to term
cases of this period where the Court relaxed
the rule of locus standi as the first phase of the
public interest litigation. The Supreme Court
and the High Courts earned great respect and
acquired great credibility in the eyes of public
because of their innovative efforts to protect
and preserve the fundamental rights of people
32
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
belonging to the poor and marginalised sections
of the society.”
20. These judgements are complete answer to the
appellant’s objection to the maintainability of
the writ petition filed by respondent No.1. What
the High Court has done by entertaining the writ
petition and issuing directions for protection of the
persons employed to do work relating to sewage
operations is part of its obligation to do justice to
political and executive constituents to protect the
rights of every citizen and every individual and
ensure that everyone is able to live with dignity.
Given the option, no one would like to enter the
manhole of sewage system for cleaning purposes,
but there are people who are forced to undertake
such hazardous jobs with the hope that at the
end of the day they will be able to make some
money and feed their family. They risk their lives
If the system can devote ... months to hear the elitist class of eminent
advocates who are engaged by those who are accused of evading payment of
taxes ... causing loss to public exchequer or who are accused of committing
heinous crimes ... and even acts of terrorism ..., some time can always be
devoted for hearing the grievance of vast majority of silent sufferers
the disadvantaged and poor sections of the society.
We may add that the superior Courts will be
failing in their constitutional duty if they decline to
entertain petitions filed by genuine social groups,
NGOs and social workers for espousing the cause of
those who are deprived of the basic rights available
to every human being, what to say of fundamental
rights guaranteed under the Constitution. It is the
duty of the judicial constituent of the State like its
for the comfort of others. Unfortunately, for last
few decades, a substantial segment of the urban
society has become insensitive to the plight of the
poor and downtrodden including those, who, on
account of sheer economic compulsions, undertake
jobs/works which are inherently dangerous to life.
People belonging to this segment do not want to
understand why a person is made to enter manhole
DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS
without safety gears and proper equipments. They
look the other way when the body of a worker who
dies in the manhole is taken out with the help of
ropes and cranes. In this scenario, the Courts are not
only entitled but are under constitutional obligation
to take cognizance of the issues relating to the
lives of the people who are forced to undertake
jobs which are hazardous and dangerous to life.
It will be a tragic and sad day when the superior
Courts will shut their doors for those, who without
any motive for personal gain or other extraneous
reasons, come forward to seek protection and
enforcement of the legal and constitutional rights
of the poor, downtrodden and disadvantaged
sections of the society. If the system can devote
hours, days and months to hear the elitist class of
eminent advocates who are engaged by those who
are accused of evading payment of taxes and duties
or otherwise causing loss to public exchequer or
who are accused of committing heinous crimes like
murder, rape, dowry death, kidnapping, abduction
and even acts of terrorism or who come forward
with the grievance that their fundamental right to
equality has been violated by the State and/or its
agencies/instrumentalities in contractual matters,
some time can always be devoted for hearing the
grievance of vast majority of silent sufferers whose
cause is espoused by bodies like respondent No.1.
33
Re: Question No.2:
21. There have been instances in which this Court has
exercised its power under Article 32 read with
Article 142 and issued guidelines and directions
to fill the vacuum. Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan
(1997) 6 SCC 241, Vineet Narain v. Union of
India (1998) 1 SCC 226 and Union of India v.
Association for Democratic Reforms (2002) 5 SCC
294 are illuminating examples of the exercise of
this Court’s power under Article 32 for ensuring
justice to the common man and effective exercise
of fundamental rights by the citizens. In Vishaka v.
State of Rajasthan (supra), the Court entertained
the petition filed by certain social activists and
NGOs for effective protection of fundamental rights
of working women under Articles 14, 19 and 21. In
paragraph 11 of the judgement, the Court made
a note of its obligation under Article 32 of the
Constitution in the following words:
“11.The obligation of this Court under Article
32 of the Constitution for the enforcement
of these fundamental rights in the absence
of legislation must be viewed along with
the role of judiciary envisaged in the Beijing
Statement of Principles of the Independence
of the Judiciary in the LAWASIA region.
These principles were accepted by the Chief
Justices of Asia and the Pacific at Beijing in
34
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
1995 as those representing the minimum
standards necessary to be observed in
order to maintain the independence and
effective functioning of the judiciary. The
objectives of the judiciary mentioned in the
Beijing Statement are:
“Objectives of the Judiciary:
(b) to promote, within the proper limits of
the judicial function, the observance
and the attainment of human rights;
and
(c) to administer the law impartially
among persons and between persons
and the State.”
10. The objectives and functions of the
Judiciary include the following:
22. In Vineet Narain v. Union of India (supra), the Court
observed:
(a) to ensure that all persons are able to
live securely under the rule of law;
“The powers conferred on this Court by the
Constitution are ample to remedy this defect
and to ensure enforcement of the concept of
equality.
There are ample powers conferred by Article
32 read with Article 142 to make orders which
have the effect of law by virtue of Article 141
and there is mandate to all authorities to act
in aid of the orders of this Court as provided
in Article 144 of the Constitution. In a catena
of decisions of this Court, this power has been
recognised and exercised, if need be, by issuing
necessary directions to fill the vacuum till such
time the legislature steps in to cover the gap or
the executive discharges its role.”
(emphasis supplied)
23. In Union of India v. Association for Democratic
Reforms (supra), this Court was called upon to
examine the correctness of the directions given
DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS
35
by the Division Bench of Delhi High Court for
implementation of the recommendations made
by the Law Commission in its 170th Report. While
modifying the directions given by the High Court,
the Court observed:
“45. Finally, in our view this Court would have
ample power to direct the Commission to fill
the void, in the absence of suitable legislation
covering the field and the voters are required
to be well informed and educated about
contesting candidates so that they can elect a
proper candidate by their own assessment. It is
the duty of the executive to fill the vacuum by
executive orders because its field is coterminous
with that of the legislature, and where there
is inaction by the executive, for whatever
reason, the judiciary must step in, in exercise
of its constitutional obligations to provide a
solution till such time the legislature acts to
perform its role by enacting proper legislation
to cover the field. The adverse impact of
lack of probity in public life leading to a high
degree of corruption is manifold. Therefore,
if the candidate is directed to declare his/her
spouse’s and dependants’ assets —immovable,
movable and valuable articles — it would have
its own effect. This Court in Vishaka v. State
of Rajasthan dealt with the incident of sexual
harassment of a woman at work place which
resulted in violation of fundamental right of
gender equality and the right to life and liberty
and laid down that in the absence of legislation,
it must be viewed along with the role of the
judiciary envisaged in the Beijing Statement of
Principles of Independence of Judiciary in the
LAWASIA region. The decision has laid down
the guidelines and prescribed the norms to be
strictly observed in all work places until suitable
legislation is enacted to occupy the field. In
the present case also, there is no legislation or
rules providing for giving necessary information
to the voters. As stated earlier, this case was
relied upon in Vineet Narain case where the
36
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
Court has issued necessary guidelines to CBI
and the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) as
there was no legislation covering the said field
to ensure proper implementation of the rule of
law.”
24. In view of the principles laid down in the aforesaid
judgements, we do not have any slightest hesitation
to reject the argument that by issuing the directions,
the High Court has assumed the legislative power of
the State. What the High Court has done is nothing
except to ensure that those employed/engaged
for doing work which is inherently hazardous and
The State ... cannot absolve
themselves of the responsibility to
put in place effective mechanism
for ensuring safety of the workers
employed for maintaining and
cleaning the sewage system. The
human beings who are employed
for doing the work in the sewers
cannot be treated as mechanical
robots
dangerous to life are provided with life saving
equipments and the employer takes care of their
safety and health. The State and its agencies/
instrumentalities cannot absolve themselves of the
responsibility to put in place effective mechanism
for ensuring safety of the workers employed for
maintaining and cleaning the sewage system. The
human beings who are employed for doing the
work in the sewers cannot be treated as mechanical
robots, who may not be affected by poisonous
gases in the manholes. The State and its agencies/
instrumentalities or the contractors engaged by
them are under a constitutional obligation to
ensure the safety of the persons who are asked
to undertake hazardous jobs. The argument of
choice and contractual freedom is not available to
the appellant and the like for contesting the issues
raised by respondent No.1.
Re: Question No.3:
25. We shall now consider whether the High Court was
justified in issuing interim directions for payment
of compensation to the families of the victims. At
the outset, we deprecate the attitude of a public
authority like the appellant, who has used the
judicial process for frustrating the effort made
by respondent No.1 for getting compensation
to the workers, who died due to negligence of
DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS
the contractor to whom the work of maintaining
sewage system was outsourced. We also express
our dismay that the High Court has thought it proper
to direct payment of a paltry amount of Rs.1.5 to
2.25 lakhs to the families of the victims. Rudul Sah
v. State of Bihar (1983) 4 SCC 141 is the lead case
in which the Court exercised its power under Article
32 for compensating a person who was unlawfully
detained for 14 years. Paragraphs 9 and 10 of the
judgement, which contain the reasons for making a
departure from the old and antiquated rule that a
person, who has suffered due to the negligence of
a public authority, can claim damages by filing suit,
are extracted below:
“9. It is true that Article 32 cannot be used
as a substitute for the enforcement of
rights and obligations which can be
enforced efficaciously through the ordinary
processes of courts, civil and criminal. A
money claim has therefore to be agitated
in and adjudicated upon in a suit instituted
in a Court of lowest grade competent to
try it. But the important question for our
consideration is whether in the exercise
of its jurisdiction under Article 32, this
Court can pass an order for the payment
of money if such an order is in the nature
of compensation consequential upon the
deprivation of a fundamental right……
……...
37
10. We cannot resist this argument. We see
no effective answer to it save the stale and
sterile objection that the petitioner may, if
so advised, file a suit to recover damages
from the State Government. Happily,
the State’s counsel has not raised that
objection. The petitioner could have been
relegated to the ordinary remedy of a suit
if his claim to compensation was factually
controversial, in the sense that a civil court
may or may not have upheld his claim. But
we have no doubt that if the petitioner files
a suit to recover damages for his illegal
detention, a decree for damages would
have to be passed in that suit, though it is
not possible to predicate, in the absence
of evidence, the precise amount which
38
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
would be decreed in his favour. In these
circumstances, the refusal of this Court to
pass an order of compensation in favour
of the petitioner will be doing mere lipservice to his fundamental right to liberty
which the State Government has so grossly
violated. Article 21 which guarantees the
right to life and liberty will be denuded
of its significant content if the power of
this Court were limited to passing orders
of release from illegal detention. One of
the telling ways in which the violation of
that right can reasonably be prevented
and due compliance with the mandate of
Article 21 secured, is to mulct its violators
in the payment of monetary compensation.
Administrative sclerosis leading to flagrant
infringements of fundamental rights
cannot be corrected by any other method
open to the judiciary to adopt. The right
to compensation is some palliative for the
unlawful acts of instrumentalities which
act in the name of public interest and which
present for their protection the powers
of the State as a shield. If civilisation
is not to perish in this country as it has
perished in some others too well known to
suffer mention, it is necessary to educate
ourselves into accepting that, respect for
the rights of individuals is the true bastion
of democracy. Therefore, the State must
DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS
repair the damage done by its officers to
the petitioner’s rights. It may have recourse
against those officers.”
26. In Nilabati Behera v. State of Orissa (1993) 2 SCC
746, this Court awarded compensation to the
mother of a young man who was beaten to death
in police custody. The Court held that its powers
to enforce fundamental rights carries with it an
obligation to forge new tools for doing justice.
In Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity v. State
of W.B. (1996) 4 SCC 37, this Court examined the
issue whether a victim of apathy of the staff of
government hospital is entitled to compensation
and answered the same in the following words:
“The Constitution envisages the establishment
of a welfare State at the federal level as well as
at the State level. In a welfare State the primary
duty of the Government is to secure the welfare
of the people. Providing adequate medical
facilities for the people is an essential part of
the obligations undertaken by the Government
in a welfare State. The Government discharges
this obligation by running hospitals and
health centres which provide medical care to
the person seeking to avail of those facilities.
Article 21 imposes an obligation on the State
to safeguard the right to life of every person.
Preservation of human life is thus of paramount
importance. The government hospitals run by
39
the State and the medical officers employed
therein are duty-bound to extend medical
assistance for preserving human life. Failure on
the part of a government hospital to provide
timely medical treatment to a person in need of
such treatment results in violation of his right to
life guaranteed under Article 21. In the present
case there was breach of the said right of Hakim
Seikh guaranteed under Article 21 when he was
denied treatment at the various government
hospitals which were approached even though
his condition was very serious at that time
and he was in need of immediate medical
attention. Since the said denial of the right of
Hakim Seikh guaranteed under Article 21 was
by officers of the State, in hospitals run by the
State, the State cannot avoid its responsibility
for such denial of the constitutional right
of Hakim Seikh. In respect of deprivation of
the constitutional rights guaranteed under
Part III of the Constitution the position is well
settled that adequate compensation can be
awarded by the court for such violation by
way of redress in proceedings under Articles
32 and 226 of the Constitution. (See: Rudul
Sah v. State of Bihar; Nilabati Behera v. State
of Orissa; Consumer Education and Research
Centre v. Union of India.) Hakim Seikh should,
therefore, be suitably compensated for the
breach of his right guaranteed under Article
21 of the Constitution. Having regard to the
40
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
facts and circumstances of the case, we fix the
amount of such compensation at Rs 25,000. A
sum of Rs 15,000 was directed to be paid to
Hakim Seikh as interim compensation under
the orders of this Court dated 22-4-1994. The
balance amount should be paid by Respondent
1 to Hakim Seikh within one month.
It is no doubt true that financial resources are
needed for providing these facilities. But at the
same time it cannot be ignored that it is the
constitutional obligation of the State to provide
adequate medical services to the people.
Whatever is necessary for this purpose has to
be done. In the context of the constitutional
obligation to provide free legal aid to a poor
accused this Court has held that the State
cannot avoid its constitutional obligation in
that regard on account of financial constraints.
[See: Khatri (II) v. State of Bihar, SCC at p. 631.]
The said observations would apply with equal,
if not greater, force in the matter of discharge
of constitutional obligation of the State to
provide medical aid to preserve human life. In
the matter of allocation of funds for medical
services the said constitutional obligation of
the State has to be kept in view. It is necessary
that a time-bound plan for providing these
services should be chalked out keeping in view
the recommendations of the Committee as well
as the requirements for ensuring availability
of proper medical services in this regard as
indicated by us and steps should be taken
to implement the same. The State of West
Bengal alone is a party to these proceedings.
Other States, though not parties, should
also take necessary steps in the light of the
recommendations made by the Committee, the
directions contained in the memorandum of the
Government of West Bengal dated 22-8-1995
and the further directions given herein.”
“The word “LIFE” has also been used prominently in the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights, 1948. (See Article 3 quoted above.) The
fundamental rights under the Constitution are almost in consonance with
the rights contained in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as also the
Declaration and the Covenants of Civil and Political Rights and the Covenants
of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, to which India is a party having
ratified them
DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS
41
27. In Chairman, Railway Board v. Chandrima Das
(2000) 2 SCC 465, this Court considered the question
whether the High Court could entertain the petition
filed by the respondent by way of Public Interest
Litigation and award compensation of Rs.10 lakhs
to Hanuffa Khatoon, a national of Bangladesh, who
was sexually assaulted by the employees of Eastern
Railway. While rejecting the argument of the
appellant that the victim of rape could have availed
remedy by filing suit in a Civil Court, the two-Judge
Bench referred to the distinction made between
“public law” and “private law” in Common Cause,
A Registered Society v. Union of India (1999) 6
SCC 667 and other cases in which compensation
was awarded for violation of different rights and
observed:
“Having regard to what has been stated above,
the contention that Smt Hanuffa Khatoon
should have approached the civil court for
damages and the matter should not have been
considered in a petition under Article 226 of the
Constitution, cannot be accepted. Where public
functionaries are involved and the matter
relates to the violation of fundamental rights
or the enforcement of public duties, the remedy
would still be available under the public law
notwithstanding that a suit could be filed for
damages under private law.”
The Court then referred to the fundamental
rights guaranteed under Articles 20 and 21 of the
Constitution and proceeded to observe:
“The word “LIFE” has also been used
prominently in the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights, 1948. (See Article 3 quoted
above.) The fundamental rights under the
Constitution are almost in consonance with the
rights contained in the Universal Declaration
of Human Rights as also the Declaration and
the Covenants of Civil and Political Rights and
the Covenants of Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights, to which India is a party having ratified
them, as set out by this Court in Kubic Darusz
v. Union of India. That being so, since “LIFE”
is also recognised as a basic human right in
42
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
1948, it has to have the same meaning and
interpretation as has been placed on that word
by this Court in its various decisions relating
to Article 21 of the Constitution. The meaning
of the word “life” cannot be narrowed down.
According to the tenor of the language used in
Article 21, it will be available not only to every
citizen of this country, but also to a “person”
who may not be a citizen of the country.
On this principle, even those who are not
citizens of this country and come here merely as
tourists or in any other capacity will be entitled
to the protection of their lives in accordance
with the constitutional provisions. They also
have a right to “life” in this country. Thus, they
also have the right to live, so long as they are
here, with human dignity. Just as the State is
under an obligation to protect the life of every
citizen in this country, so also the State is under
an obligation to protect
the life of the persons
indicates
who are not citizens.”
Let us now consider the
meaning of the word
The term “life”
“LIFE” interpreted by
something more than mere
this Court from time to
The question whether
time. In Kharak Singh
animal
existence.
The
inhibiti
ons
the Central Government
v. State of U.P. it was
held that the term “life”
contained in Article 21 against its can be held vicariously
liable for the offence of rape
indicates
something
deprivati
on
extend
even
to
those
committed by the employees
more than mere animal
existence.
(See
also
faculties by which life is enjoyed of the Railways was answered
State of Maharashtra v.
in negative by relying upon
Chandrabhan Tale.) The
the judgements in State of
inhibitions contained in Article 21 against its
Rajasthan v. Vidhyawati AIR 1962 SC 933, State
deprivation extend even to those faculties by
of Gujarat v. Memon Mahomed Haji Hasam AIR
which life is enjoyed. In Bandhua Mukti Morcha
1967 SC 1885, Basavva Kom Dyamangouda Patil v.
v. Union of India it was held that the right to
State of Mysore (1977) 4 SCC 358, N. Nagendra Rao
life under Article 21 means the right to live
and Company v. State of A.P. (1994) 6 SCC 205 and
with dignity, free from exploitation. (See also
State of Maharasthra v. Kanchanmala Vijaysing
Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India and Board of
Shirke (1995) 5 SCC 659.
Trustees of the Port of Bombay v. Dilipkumar
Raghavendranath Nadkarni.)
DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS
28. In M.S. Grewal v. Deep Chand Sood (2001) 8 SCC
151, this Court examined the question whether the
High Court of Himachal Pradesh was justified in
entertaining the writ petition filed by the parents
of 14 children, who died due to drowning in a
river when they were on picnic organised by the
school authorities. While rejecting the objection to
the maintainability of the writ petition, the Court
referred to Rudul Sah v. State of Bihar (supra),
Nilabati Behera v. State of Orissa (supra) and
D.K. Basu v. State of W.B. (1997) 1 SCC 416 and
observed:
“Next is the issue “maintainability of the writ
petition” before the High Court under Article
226 of the Constitution. The appellants though
initially very strongly contended that while the
negligence aspect has been dealt with under
penal law already, the claim for compensation
cannot but be left to be adjudicated by the
civil law and thus the civil court’s jurisdiction
ought to have been invoked rather than by
way of a writ petition under Article 226 of the
Constitution. This plea of non-maintainability of
the writ petition though advanced at the initial
stage of the submissions but subsequently the
same was not pressed and as such we need
not detain ourselves on that score, excepting
however recording that the law courts exist
for the society and they have an obligation to
meet the social aspirations of citizens since
law courts must also respond to the needs of
43
the people. In this context, reference may be
made to two decisions of this Court: the first in
line is the decision in Nilabati Behera v. State
of Orissa wherein this Court relying upon the
decision in Rudul Sah (Rudul Sah v. State of
Bihar) decried the illegality and impropriety
in awarding compensation in a proceeding
in which the court’s power under Articles 32
and 226 of the Constitution stands invoked
and thus observed that it was a clear case for
award of compensation to the petitioner for
custodial death of her son. It is undoubtedly
true, however, that in the present context, there
is no infringement of the State’s obligation,
unless of course the State can also be termed
to be a joint tortfeasor, but since the case of the
parties stands restricted and without imparting
any liability on the State, we do not deem it
expedient to deal with the issue any further
except noting the two decisions of this Court as
above and without expression of any opinion in
regard thereto.”
On the question of quantum of damages, the Court
made the following observations:
“Be it placed on record that in assessing
damages, all relevant materials should and
ought always to be placed before the court so
as to enable the court to come to a conclusion
in the matter of affectation of pecuniary
benefit by reason of the unfortunate death.
Though mathematical nicety is not required
44
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
but a rough and ready estimate can be had
from the records claiming damages since
award of damages cannot be had without any
material evidence: whereas one party is to be
compensated, the other party is to compensate
and as such there must always be some
materials available therefore. It is not a fanciful
item of compensation but it is on legitimate
expectation of loss of pecuniary benefits. In
Grand Trunk Rly. Co. of Canada v. Jennings this
well-accepted principle stands reiterated as
below:
“In
assessing
the
damages,
all
circumstances which may be legitimately
pleaded in diminution of the damages
must be considered. It is not a mere
guesswork neither is it the resultant effect
of a compassionate attitude.”
As noticed above, a large number of decisions
were placed before this Court as regards the
quantum of compensation varying between
50,000 to one lakh in regard to the unfortunate
deaths of the young children. We do deem
it fit to record that while judicial precedents
undoubtedly have some relevance as regards
the principles of law, but the quantum of
assessment stands dependent on the fact
situation of the matter before the court, than
judicial precedents. As regards the quantum,
no decision as such can be taken to be of
binding precedent as such, since each case has
to be dealt with on its own peculiar facts and
thus compensation is also to be assessed on
the basis thereof, though however, the same
can act as a guide: placement in the society,
financial status differs from person to person
and as such assessment would also differ. The
whole issue is to be judged on the basis of the
fact situation of the matter concerned though
however, not on mathematical nicety.”
DELHI JAL BOARD VERSUS NCDRSAW & OTHERS
29. Reference also deserves to be made to MCD v. Assn.
of Victims of Uphaar Tragedy and others (2005) 9
SCC 586 whereby this Court entertained the appeal
filed against the order passed by the Delhi High
Court for payment of compensation to the families
of those who died in Uphaar tragedy and directed
the appellants to deposit Rs.3,01,40,000/-with a
further direction that 50% of the amount shall be
available for distribution to the claimants.
30.
In view of the
law laid down in the aforementioned judgements, the
appellant’s challenge to the
interim directions given by
the High Court for payment of
compensation to the families
of the workers deserves to
be rejected. However, that
is not the end of the matter.
We feel that the High Court
should have taken cue from
the judgement in Chairman,
Railway Board v. Chandrima
Das (supra) and awarded
compensation which could be
treated as reasonable. Though,
it is not possible to draw any
parallel between the trauma
45
suffered by a victim of rape and the family of a
person who dies due to the negligence of others,
but the High Court could have taken note of the
fact that this Court had approved the award of
compensation of Rs.10 lacs in 1998 to the victim of
rape as also increase in the cost of living and done
well to award compensation of atleast Rs.5 lacs to
the families of those who died due to negligence of
the public authority like the appellant who did not
take effective measures for ensuring safety of the
sewage workers. We may have remitted the case
to the High Court for passing appropriate order for
payment of enhanced compensation but keeping in
view the fact that further delay would add to the
miseries of the family of the victim, we deem it
proper to exercise power under Article 142 of the
Constitution and direct the appellant to pay a sum
of Rs.3.29 lakhs to the family of the victim through
Delhi High Court State Legal Services Committee.
This would be in addition to Rs.1.71 lakhs already
paid by the contractor.
31. In the result, the appeal is dismissed subject to
the aforesaid direction regarding the amount
of compensation to be paid by the appellant.
It is needless to say that the appellant shall be
entitled to recover the additional amount from the
contractor. Respondent No.1 shall also be entitled
to file appropriate application before the High
46
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
Court for payment of enhanced compensation to
the families of other victims and we have no doubt
that the High Court will entertain such request.
not required to comply with the directions given
by the High Court. Rather, they too shall have to
submit similar reports.
32. With a view to obviate further delay in
implementation of the directions contained in the
first order passed by the High Court on 20.8.2008,
we direct the appellant to ensure compliance of
clauses (a), (b), (d), (e), (f), (g), (i), (k), (m) and (n)
within a period of two months from today and
submit a report to the High Court. The appellant
shall also ensure that these directions are complied
with by the contractors engaged by it for execution
of work relating to laying and maintenance of sewer
system within the area of its jurisdiction. A report
to this effect be also submitted to the High Court
within two months. Additionally, we direct that in
future the appellant shall ensure that the directions
already given by the High Court and which may be
given hereafter are made part of all agreements
which may be executed with contractors/private
enterprises for doing work relating to sewage
system.
34. As regards the other clauses of paragraph 9 of
order dated 20.8.2008, the High Court may give
necessary directions so that they are complied with
and implemented by the State and its agencies/
instrumentalities without any delay.
33. The directions contained in the preceding paragraph
do not imply that the appellant and other agencies/
instrumentalities of the State like New Delhi
Municipal Council, Municipal Corporation of Delhi,
Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation are
35. The case be listed before the Division Bench of the
High Court in the third week of September, 2011 for
further orders.
…..…..…….………………….…J.
[G.S. Singhvi]
…..…..……..…..………………..J.
[Asok Kumar Ganguly]
New Delhi
July 12, 2011.
ANNEXURE
ANNEXURE
HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
WRIT PETITION CIVIL NO.5232/2007
National Campaign for Dignity & Rights
of Sewerage & Allied Workers,
thr. Hemlata Kansotia ...Petitioner
Through: Mr.Colin Gonsalves, Sr. Advocate
with Mr.Jai Singh, Advocate
Versus
MCD and others ...Respondents
Through:
Mr.Ajay Arora. Adv. For MCD
Mr. Suresh Tripathi, Adv. For DJB
Ms.Zubeda Begum, Adv for PWD
Mr.Ajay Verma, Adv. For DDA
Ms.Jyoti Singh, Adv. For NDMC
Mr.R. Nanavaty, Adv. For Delhi Cantt Board.
Mr.Yogesh Malhotra, Adv. For R-4
CORAM:
HON’BLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE
HON’BLE DR. JUSTICE S.MURALIDHAR
1.
Whether reporters of the local newspapers be allowed to see the judgement?
2.
To be referred to the Reporter or not ?
3.
Whether the judgement should be reported in the Digest ?
48
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
ORDER
20.08.2008
1.
2.
This public interest litigation concerns the working
conditions of those employed for cleaning of the
sewers in the city of Delhi. It shows that their working
conditions are wholly incompatible with human dignity
and hazardous for their health and safety. The report by
the Centre for Education and Communication (CUC) is
placed on record, which apart from analysing the data
gathered through the survey conducted in Delhi also
suggests short and long term measures to tackle the
issue. Reliance is also placed on the order dated 15th
February, 2006 of the High Court of Gujarat in Praveen
Rashtrapal v. Chief Officer. Kadi Municipality (SCA
Nos.8989/2001 and 11706/2004) where a series of
directions have been issued.
At the first hearing of the PIL, Division Bench of this
Court while directing Rule issued, inter alia, the
following directions:
“Having given our careful consideration to the
submissions made at the bar, we are of the opinion
that a case is made out for the intervention of this
Court in public interest. We are also of the view
that any process of evaluation of the existing
systems, the feasibility of reforms in the same
would require to be monitored. This can, in our
opinion, be done more effectively if the agencies
concerned have an opportunity to first interact
with each other and evaluate the options available
to them. That process could be undertaken before
a local commissioner or a committee appointed
by this Court as has been done in many cases
involving public interest, but to save cost and yet
make the process effective and speedy, we would
request one of our Hon’ble brother judges to
donate some time beyond the court hours to work
out a feasible solution to the problem acceptable
to all. If that happens, the matter can be listed
for orders and disposal before the Court subject
to such modifications in the proposed solution
as the Court may deem fit and proper. In case,
however, a solution eludes the exercise requiring
any direction from this Court, the matter shall be
listed for directions before the Court.
We accordingly request Hon’ble Dr.Justice S.
Muralidhar, a judge of this Court, to donate some of
his valuable time beyond court hours in an attempt
to find out a workable solution to the problem in
consultation with all concerned including experts,
if any on the subject. The parties shall appear
before Dr.S. Muralidhar, J on Saturday the 18th
August, 2007 at 11.00 a.m. in his lordships
chamber.”
3. Thereafter, fairly elaborate detailed hearings were
held by Dr. S. Muralidhar, J on 18th August, 2007,
22nd September, 2007 and 1st December, 2007.
Although a number of issues have been highlighted by
the petitioner, the issues that have been considered
on priority basis include : (a) deaths of the sewer
workers, (b) their health and safety, (c) the steps to
prevent recurrence of deaths and injuries of the sewer
workers and to improve their working conditions
ANNEXURE
(d) the compensation if any paid for the deaths of
the workers in the course of their employment and
(e) the steps to be taken to phase out manual work
and replace it with mechanized sewer cleaning. By
order dated 5th April, 2008, which is in the form of
a report, magnitude of the problem has been noted
with reference to the affidavit dated 4th April, 2008 of
Delhi Jal Board (DJB) wherein it is mentioned that “the
infrastructure in the National Capital comprises of a
network of 6150 Kms long sewers. Out of this 150 Kms
is the length of trunk sewers, 1500 Kms is the length
of peripheral sewers and 4500 Kms is the length of
nternal sewers. The sewer network is connected to
17 Sewage Treatment Plants, having a composite
capacity of 512.4 MGD. Besides, there are 33 major
Sewage Pumping Stations located at various locations
to pump the sewage wherever required.” It was
noted that at present 3923 permanent workers are
employed against 4171 sanctioned posts. In addition
there are 1403 muster roll workers. Apart from these
workers, contract labour is also engaged from time to
time. It was further noted that although guidelines on
safety have been issued by DJB in November, 2002,
they are being observed more in its breach and the
DJB is not serious about the implementation of its own
safety guidelines. It was further noted that so far as
DJB is concerned there have been a total of 36 deaths
of sewer workers since 2002 out of which 30 were
contract workers and 6 were in regular employment.
It was also noted that in spite of repeated directions,
DJB has failed to conduct inquiries into the deaths and
injuries of sewer workers. It was noted that there are
49
many aspects of the matter that will require further
monitoring to ensure that real changes are brought
about in the working conditions of sewer workers. In
particular the liability of the DJB and the contractors
under the CLRA and their liability to pay compensation
under the WC Act (as amended in 2002) will have to be
examined. Even while a workable scheme of remedial
measures is formulated, the reasons for the deaths of
the sewer workers and for the failure of the DBJ and
its contractors to comply with the 2002 guidelines
must be unearthed for which the DJB has to honour
its commitments to the Court with all seriousness.
4.
Thereafter the matter was placed before the Division
Bench and by order dated 11th April, 2008, the Court
called upon the DJB and NDMC to file status report
setting out the requisite information and, inter alia,
stating: (a) the number of deaths that have taken
place from the year 2002 onwards; (b) have any
enquiries/investigations at any level been conducted
by the authorities into the cases of such deaths; (c) if
enquiries were conducted, was any action taken either
against the contractor who employed the deceased
workers or against any other functionary of the local
body under whom the contractor was engaged; (d) if
there any proposal for improvement of the working
conditions of the sewer workers, if so what are those
proposals and what steps have been taken by the local
bodies to implement the recommendations, if any,
made in that regard; (e) in case there are no proposals,
are the local bodies willing to frame guidelines and
take measures to prevent such deaths in future and
to provide better working conditions to the workers
50
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
engaged for cleaning work; (f) if there any provision
for payment of compensation to the families of the
deceased workers and for those who suffer a disability
while working. If so what is the scheme and have any
payments under the same been made.
5.
Pursuant to the above order, NDMC has filed affidavit
dated 8th May, 2008 wherein it has been asserted
that no NDMC employee/ contractor’s labour has died
during cleaning of sewer lines/manholes since the
year 2002 due to negligence/ non-adoption of safety
measures. However, it is conceded that 3 persons
working under the NDMC contractor died on 7th
December, 2003 due to inhalation of toxic gases from
the sewer lines. It is stated that the above three
persons entered in the manholes without obtaining
any permission/approval from Engineer-in-Charge of
the site and without any safety precaution/ measures
which are required before entering into a sewer line.
It is further stated that since it was a case of accident
and not negligence, no inquiry was conducted.
According to NDMC, there is scope for improvement
of the working conditions of the sewer workers and
following steps have been taken by NDMC in this
direction:
“1. As far as possible cleaning of sewer lines/
manholes is done mechanically. Entry of
human beings is being restricted to the
rarest of rare cases only where mechanical
cleaning is not possible.
2. In cases where manual cleaning is done,
it is ensured that all safety equipments
are used and all precautions are taken.
Sewermen are not allowed to remain in
deep manholes for more than 5-10 minutes
at a stretch. The concerned Junior Engineer
/ Assistant Engineer remains present at site
during the entire cleaning operation.
3. All safety appliances like air breathing
apparatus, full face cover safety mask,
safety belts, torch, safety goggles, safety
helmets, safety belts, gum boots, diving
suits, air blowers and exhausts etc. are
being extensively used.
4. Free medical facilities are provided to all
employees for health checkup, treatment
and hospitalization etc. in state of the
art hospitals of capital. A list of all such
hospitals is given below:(l) Max Balaji Hospital, Indraprastha
(2) .... .... .... .... .... ....
(3) .... .... .... .... .... ....
(4) .... .... .... .... .... ....
26) Charak Palika Hospital, Moti Bagh
5.
All the sewermen are insured for Rs.1.00
lac each with the National Insurance
Company Ltd.-for which the premium is
paid by NDMC This is besides the General
Insurance Scheme which is applicable to
the Government Employees as per Centra!
Govt. Rules.
51
ANNEXURE
6.
7.
8.
issued to all concerned to incorporate a clause in the
contract agreement to reserve the right of DJB to
debar/blacklist a defaulting firm. The report further
states that the following proposals for improvement
of the working conditions have been made:
Accommodation is given to the sewermen
as per the availability/seniority. At every
service centre labour rest room has
been provided. For the education of their
family members several NDMC schools are
functioning in NDMC area.
“i. Safety awareness programs
Drinking water, bathing and washing
facility is provided at the stores / service
centres. Recreational club has been
provided by NDMC for its employees.
ii.
Training for use of appliances and other
safety equipments is given to the workers
by the department itself. Programme
for training from other agencies is being
chalked out.”
iv. Training in confined space entry and rescue
imparted to ten trainers
6. The DJB has filed status report dated 7th July, 2008
in which it is admitted that number of deaths since
2002 is 36 and six of those workers were employed
by DBJ and 30 were contract workers. The reasons
for the deaths in most of the cases have not been
given. In the cases in which reasons have been
furnished, the cause of death has been attributed
to lack of safety equipments or negligence. In none of
these cases any disciplinary action has been taken and
apart from simple warning, which has been issued in
majority of cases, no action has been taken against the
concerned official or contractor, responsible for the
workers’ safety. It is further stated in the status report
that the DJB has now made functional Safety and
Disaster Management Cell that will take care of issues
concerning the sewer workers. Instructions have been
Circulations of dos and don’ts for sewer
workers
iii. Directions to procure and maintain safety,
equipment
v.
Entered into an MOU w/National disaster
management for providing consultancy
services for safety & disaster management.”
According to DJB it has taken the following steps in an
attempt to shift from manual to mechanized cleaning:
“i. DJB has stopped using manual labor to
clean sewer line deeper than 5 ft. It has
procured additional jetting machines.
ii.
7.
Major trunk / peripheral sewer is desilted
by super sucker machines. However, in an
emergency, deep sewer entry is allowed
with proper safety equipment and the
presence of a junior engineer.”
According to DJB it has also procured the necessary
equipments. It is then stated that DJB has 11
dispensaries, 25 private hospitals and 37 diagnostic
centres empanelled with the DBJ to provide care to
52
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
the workers. It has a decentralized arrangement for
reimbursement when beyond normal entitlement
so relief in emergency cases is immediate. The
first aid boxes are made available for workers and
contractors are obliged to provide medical facilities
as per provision of the contractual agreement and
periodic health check ups are being done. It is stated
that model rules and safety codes, which are in
force, will be strictly implemented for the workers
cleaning the sewers. DJB has introduced a basic safety
awareness for the year 2007 - 08 in collaboration
with National Institute of Disaster Management for
providing consultancy services for safety and disaster
management and the establishment of emergency
preparedness and response teams. The guidelines
issued by the NHRC are being followed by the DJB. On
the issue of compensation, the DJB has stated that if
a worker dies, compassionate appointment is given
wherever possible. Workers facing injury are provided
with compensation as per the insurance policies
taken. In cases where there is death of a worker hired
by contractor, Worker Compensation Act provides for
payment of compensation. Although DJB has agreed
to provide names of the contract workers working for
the contractors, relevant details regarding contractors
and the workers working under them have not been
furnished.
8.
In the written submissions filed on behalf of the
petitioner on 22nd July, 2008, it has been brought on
record that a daily wage worker by the name of Amit,
working for contractor employed by NDMC, died
due to inhalation of toxic gases on 20th July, 2008.
It is stated that Amit was accompanied by another
daily wage worker, Rajpal, who fainted due to the
inhalation of gases and was removed from the sewer.
Rajpal has, however, survived. Further according to
the petitioner, on 5th May, 2008, two contract workers
working under contractors employed by the DJB died
due to inhalation of gases in the sewer. Their names
are Chintu and Pintu (Papu/Hassan Ahmed). They
were working in a sewer line situated at Dabri.
9.
Having considered the various reports made by the
concerned agencies and also the submissions made
at the bar, we pass the following interim directions
pending final disposal of this writ petition:
(a) The medical examination and medical treatment
will be given free of charge to.sewer workers and
the treatment will continue for all such workers
found to be suffering from an occupational
disease, ailment or accident until the workman is
cured or until death.
(b) The services of the sewer workers are not to be
terminated, either by the respondents or the
contractors engaged by them, during the period
of illness and they shall be treated as if on duty
and will be paid their wages.
(c) Compensation shall be paid by the respondents
and recoverable from the contractors, if
permissible in law, to all the workmen suffering
from any occupational disease, ailment or
accident in accordance with the provisions of the
Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923.
(d) The respondents shall pay on the death of any
ANNEXURE
worker, including any contract worker, an
immediate ex gratia solatium of Rs.one lac with
liberty to recover the same from contractors, if
permissible in law.
(e) The respondents shall pay / insure payment of all
statutory dues such as Provident Fund, Gratuity
and Bonus to all the sewer workers, including
contract workers, as applicable in law.
(f) The respondents shall provide as soon as possible
modem protective equipments to all the sewer
workers in consultation with the petitioner
organisation.
(g) The respondents shall provide soap and oil to all
the workmen according to the present quota, but
on monthly basis and not at the end of the year.
(h) The respondents shall provide restrooms and
canteens, in accordance with the DJB model rules,
including therein first-aid facilities, safe drinking
water, washing facilities, latrines and urinals,
shelters, creches and canteens as set out in the
model rules. There are to be provided at what is
known as ‘stores’ which are the places where the
workers assemble to give their attendance and
from where they depart to their respective work
sites.
(i) The respondents shall provide all workman,
including contract workmen, with an accidentcard-cum-wage-slip as set out in clause 8 of the
C.P.W.D./PWD (DA)/Delhi Jal Board Contractors
Labour Regulations (for short “Labour
Regulations”).
53
(j) The respondents shall provide all workers,
including contract workers, employment cards as
set out in clause 9 of the Labour Regulations and,
on termination of services provide the contract
workers and others with a service certificate as
set out in clause 10 of the Labour Regulations.
(k) The respondents shall authenticate by signing the
payment of wages register for contract workers in
terms of clause 5 of the Labour Regulations.
(l) The respondents shall submit to this court and
to the petitioner within four weeks from today
the full list of contract workers and contractors
engaged for work relating to the sewers together
with the wages paid to such workmen and the
number of years of employment of the workers.
(m) The DJB is directed to ensure that the ex gratia
payment in case of deaths of sewer workers has
been paid to the families of deceased workmen
and in case such compensation is not paid, release
the same within a period of eight weeks.
(n) NDMC is directed to pay ex gratia payment of
Rs.one lac each in respect of the accident of 7th
December, 2003 where three persons working
under the NDMC contractors died, with liberty
to recover the same from the contractor, if
permissible in law.
(o) The DJB and NDMC are directed to hold an inquiry
into deaths of sewer workers referred to in
paragraphs 15 and 16 of the written submissions
of the petitioner dated 22nd July, 2008 and
submit a report to this Court within a period
54
DIGNITY AND RIGHTS OF THE SEWERAGE AND ALLIED WORKERS
of eight weeks. If it is found that the contract
workers in question were working under the
contractors employed by NDMC / DJB, ex gratia
compensation of Rs.one lac shall be released
forthwith to the families of the victims subject to
right of recovery from contracto nd replace it with
mechanized sewer cleaning, as envisaged by DJB
as well as NDMC, which shall be done within three
months. 10. In order to ensure the compliance of
the above directions, we constitute a Committee
consisting of:
(I) Mr.S.R. Shankaran, IAS retired Chief Secretary
to the Government of Tripura, Chairman;
by the concerned civic agencies. It will be open to
the Committee to approach this Court for direction,
if may required. The Committee is requested to place
a report before this Court before the next date of
hearing.
12. Place for further hearing on 22nd October, 2008.
13. Copy of the order be given dasti to the counsel for the
parties. One copy each may be sent to the Chairman
of the Committee, Chairman of NDMC, Vice Chairman
of DDA, CEO of DJB and Secretary, Social Welfare
Department, Govt, of NCT of Delhi within five days
from today for compliance.
A.P. SHAH
CHIEF JUSTICE
(II) One officer each to be nominated by NDMC,
DDA and DJB respectively, who shall not be
less than the rank of Under Secretary to the
Government of India
(III) Joint Secretary of the Social Welfare
Department, Government of NCT of Delhi
to be nominated by the Secretary of that
Department, who shall be the Convener of
the Committee;
(IV) one representative
organisation.
of
the
petitioner
11. The aforementioned Committee shall meet once in
a fortnight. Space and other infrastructure including
conveyance and secretarial staff as required by the
Committee shall be provided by the-Delhi Jal Board.
The Chairman of the Committee shall be paid an
honorarium of Rs.5,000/- for every meeting. All
possible assistance will be rendered to the Committee
S.MURALIDHAR
JUDGE
AUGUST 20, 2008
Note: Since Mr. Sankaran was unwell and was unable
to accept the assignment, the Committee constituted,
by this Order dated 20th August 2008, which chaired
by Mr. S.R. Sankaran, IAS (Retired) and former Chief
Secretary to the Government of Tripura; In his place
Mr. Lakshmi Dhar Mishra, IAS (Retired) and Special
Rapporteur with the National Human Rights Commission
was appointed as the Chairman of the Committee by an
Order dated 03.09.2008.
The order dated 20th August 2008 was modified
accordingly, by the Order dated 03.09.2008.
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tutkfr ¼vR;kpkj fuokj.k½ vf/kfu;e] 1989 ds rgr Hkh
dkjZokbZ fd;s tkus dh O;oLFkk gSA
jktuhfrd bPNk'kfDr ds vHkko esa vkSj jkT; dh mnklhurk
ds dkj.k gh dsUnz ljdkj dks ;g dkuwu ljdkjh xtV esa
vf/klwfpr djus esa pkj lky dk le; yx x;kA fofHkUu
ukxfjd lewgksa ds 'kks/k vkSj losZ{k.kksa esa ;g ckr lkeus vk;h
gS fd nfyrksa ds ,d oxZ dks gkFk ls eSyk lkQ djus ds fy,
etcwj djus dh vekuoh; dqizFkk vHkh Hkh ns'k ds fofHkUu
fgLlksa esa gSA ;g nqHkkZX;iw.kZ gS fd ,slk gksus ds ckotwn jkT;
bl rjg dh dqizFkk ds vfLrRo dks gh udkjrk gSA Hkkjrh;
izkDdFku
jsy ea=ky; gkFk ls eSyk lkQ djus okyksa dks dke nsus okyh
lcls cM+h laLFkk gSA blds ckotwn bl ea=ky; us bl dqizFkk
dks nwj djus dk iz;kl ugha fd;k gSA mldk bruk ek= dguk
gS fd jsyxkfM+;ksa esa vk/kqfud 'kkSpky; iz.kkyh dh O;oLFkk vHkh
ugha dh tk ldh gSA
o"kZ 2007 esa uS'kuy dSEisu QkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkWo
lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ ¼,ulhMhvkj,l,MCY;w½ us g~;weu
jkbV~l ykW usVodZ ¼,pvkj,y,u½ dh lgk;rk ls fnYyh mPp
U;k;ky; esa tufgr ;kfpdk nk;j dhA ;g ;kfpdk fnYyh
ds mu gtkjksa&gtkjksa lQkbZ deZpkfj;ksa dh vksj ls nkf[ky
dh x;h Fkh ftUgsa ljdkjh ,tsafl;ksa ;Fkk fnYyh ty cksMZ
¼;g laLFkk fnYyh esa tykiwfrZ vkSj rjy dpjk izca/ku ds fy,
ftEesnkj gS½] fnYyh uxj fuxe] u;h fnYyh uxj ifj"kn]
fnYyh jkT; vkS|ksfxd fodkl fuxe] dsUnzh; yksdfuekZ.k
foHkkx vkSj vU; ,slh laLFkkvksa us dke ij j[kk gSA bl ;kfpdk
esa bl ckr dks pqukSrh nh x;h fd lQkbZ deZpkfj;ksa dks viuk
dkedkt fuiVkus esa D;ksa viuh tku dh ckth yxkuh iM+rh
gS vkSj D;ksa mUgsa i;kZIr vkSj mi;qDr lqj{kk midj.k eqgS;k
ugha djk;s tkrs gSaA ;kfpdk esa bu yksxksa dks vkfFkZd lqj{kk
lqfuf'pr fd;s tkus dk fopkj Hkh j[kk x;kA
59
lQkbZ deZpkfj;ksa dh lhojksa ds vanj xSl yxus ls ekSr gq;h
Fkh mUgsa fcuk midj.kksa vkSj vkDlhtu xSl flysaMjksa ds lhojksa
ds vanj tkus dks ck/; fd;k x;k FkkA budh ekSr ds ckn bu
fudk;ksa us muds vkfJrksa dks eqvkotk nsus vkSj forh; ykHk
nsus ls euk dj fn;kA bl tufgr ;kfpdk esa bUgha fcanqvksa
dks js[kkafdr fd;k x;kA fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; us ;kfpdk ds
v/;;u ds ckn fLFkfr dks vR;ar xaHkhj vkSj n;uh; ik;kA
U;k;ky; us 5 vizSy 2008 ds vius vkns'k esa bu fudk;ksa dks
funsZ'k fn;k fd os lhojksa dh lQkbZ djus okys etnwjksa dks
LokLF;@fpfdRlk O;oLFkk miyC/k djk,a vkSj lkFk gh lhojksa
esa vanj tkus okys etnwjksa dks lqj{kk midj.k miyC/k djk,aA
U;k;ky; us izR;sd e`rd lhoj etnwj ds ifjokj dks ,d&,d
yk[k #i;s dk eqvkotk nsus dk funsZ'k Hkh fn;kA 59
U;k;k/kh'k
dk
fu.kZ
;
bl ekeys dh lquokbZ tc vkxs c<+h rc mPp U;k;ky; us
tc ;g ekeyk nk;j fd;k x;k rc lhojksa esa [krjukd xSl
ls lQkbZ deZpkfj;ksa dh ekSr dh [kcjsa Hkh vk jgh FkhaA ftu
ik;k fd mlus 5 vizSy 2008 dks tks funsZ'k fn;s Fks mudk
ikyu lgh <ax ls ugha gks ik;k gSA fofHkUu ,tsafl;ksa vkSj
U;k;ky; }kjk xfBr lfefr dh fjiksVZ vkSj fofHkUu ,tsafl;ksa
}kjk nk;j eqpydksa ij fopkj djus ds ckn l[r joS;k viukrs
gq, bl U;k;ky; us 21 twu 2008 dks u;k vkns'k fn;kA blesa
U;k;ky; us bu fudk;ksa dks funsZ'k fn;k fd os fnYyh fof/k
lgk;rk lsok izkf/kdj.k ds ek/;e ls e`rdksa ds ifjokjksa dks
eqvkots dk rqjar Hkqxrku djsaA U;k;ky; us eqvkots dh jkf'k
60
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
c<+kdj ,d yk[k 71 gtkj #i;s Hkh dj nhA U;k;ky; ds
fo#) U;k;ky; dh voekuuk djus dh dkjZokbZ 'kq: djus gsrq
mUgsa dkj.k crkvks uksfVl Hkh tkjh fd;sA
21 twu 2008 ds fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; ds vkns'k dks pqukSrh
nssrs gq, fnYyh ty cksMZ us loksZP; U;k;ky; esa vihy nk;j
dhA bl vihy esa fnYyh ty cksMZ us rdZ fn;k fd mPp
U;k;ky; us vius vf/kdkj {ks= ds ckgj tkdj eqvkotk nsus
rFkk lhoj dfeZ;ksa dh lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djus dk funsZ'k fn;kA
loksZP; U;k;ky; us 12 tqykbZ 2011 dks vius ,sfrgkfld
fu.kZ; esa lekt ds bl misf{kr vkSj oafpr rcds vkSj [kkldj
lQkbZ vkSj lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dh nqnZ'kk vkSj n;uh; fLFkfr dks
js[kkafdr fd;kA KkrO; gS fd lhoj dfeZ;ksa dks viuh tku
tksf[ke esa Mkydj lQkbZ ds fy, lhojksa ds vanj fcuk fdlh
lqj{kk midj.k ds tkuk iM+rk gSA oLrqr% bu yksxksa ds ewyHkwr
vf/kdkjksa dk guu cjkcj gksrk gS vkSj vktknh ds ckn ls gh
muds fy, lekurk] Lora=rk vkSj thou ds vkuan dk dksbZ
vFkZ ugha jgk gSA
loksZP; U;k;ky; us fnYyh ty cksMZ ds rdZ dks [kkfjt djrs
gq, 12 tqykbZ 2011 ds vius vkns'k esa lacaf/kr fudk;ksa dks
funsZ'k fn;k fd os fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; }kjk 5 vizSy 2008
dks fn;s vkns'k dks rqjar fØ;kfUor djuk lqfuf'pr djsa vkSj
bl ckor fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; esa nks ekg ds Hkhrj ifjikyu
fjiksVZ izLrqr djsaA mPpre U;k;ky; us eqvkots dh jkf'k dks
Hkh c<+kdj ikap yk[k #i;s dj fn;kA mPpre U;k;ky; us
bl ekeys dks okil fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; esa LFkkukarfjr dj
fn;k gS tgka vkxs dh lquokbZ vkSj dkjZokbZ gksxhA
vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd bl rjg ds ,sfrgkfld vkSj tui{kh;
fu.kZ; reke oafpr oxks± vkSj [kkldj lQkbZ vkSj lhoj
deZpkfj;ksa ds ekuokf/kdkjksa vkSj leku voljksa dh cgkyh esa
egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk,axsA vkt tc iwjh nqfu;ka uovkfFkZd
mnkjokn ds jax esa jax jgh gS] rc bl rjg ds fu.kZ; dqN
mEehn txkrs gSaA
lfjrk HkksbZ
fnO;T;ksfr t;iqfj;kj
g~;weu jkbV~l ykW usVodZ
fjiksVsZcy
loksZP; U;k;ky;] Hkkjr
flfoy vihy la[;k& 5322&2011
fnYyh ty cksMZ
cuke
uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkWo
lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU;
fu.kZ;
U;k;ewfrZ th,l fla?koh
1- vuqefr ;kfpdk LohÑrA
2- ;g vihy fnYyh tycksMZ }kjk fnYyh mPp U;k;ky;
dh [kaMihB }kjk fn;s x;s varoZrh vkns'k dks jksdus gsrq
nkf[ky dh x;h gSA fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; U;kf;d lsok
desVh ds ikl mPp U;k;ky; us 79 gtkj #i;s tek
djus ds fy, dgk x;k FkkA ;g jkf'k ml 1-71 yk[k
#i;s dh jkf'k ds vykok gS tks e`rd deZpkfj;ksa ds
ifjokjksa dks igys gh nh tk pqdh gSA e`rdksa esa ls ,d
jktu gSA ;g ekeyk mu gtkjksa eqdneksa esa ls ,d gS
tks fd jkT; vkSj bldh laLFkkvksa@dk;Zikfydk us mPp
U;k;ky; }kjk fn;s x;s fu.kZ; ds f[kykQ nk;j fd;kA
;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, fd Hkkjrh; lafo/kku dh
izLrkouk esa iznÙk mnns';ksa dk ykHk fdlh gn rd lekt
ds mu izrkfM+r rcdks rd igqaps tks ewyHkwr vf/kdkjksa]
lekurk] Lora=rk vkSj vkthfodk ds vf/kdkjksa ls fiNys
Ng n'kd ls oafpr jgs gSaA
;g ;kfpdk Li"V djrh gS fd jkT; dk <kapk fdl izdkj
mu yksxksa ds izfr vlaosnu'khy gS tks BsB xjhc gSa vkSj
tks fnu&jkr izfrdwy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa dke djrs gSa vkSj
yxkrkj ftudh tku dks [krjk cuk jgrk gSA
3- laln vkSj jkT; fo/kkueaMyksa us mu yksxksa ds dkuwuh
gdnkjksa dks eqvkotk nsus gsrq dkuwu cuk, gSa tks yksx
gokbZ] jsy vkSj eksVjdkj nq?kZVukvksa esa ekjs tkrs gSa( tks
62
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
yksx QSDVjh m|ksx ;k vU; laLFkkvksa esa M;wVh ds nkSjku
viuk thou [kksrs gSaA ,sls dkuwuh gdnkjksa dks fuf'pr
/kujkf'k eqvkots ds rkSj ij nh tkrh gS] vkSj ;gka rd fd
tks yksx iqfyl dh dkjZokbZ ds nkSjku ekjs tkrs gSa] mUgsa
Hkh ns'k dh jktuhfrd iz.kkyh }kjk ?kksf"kr vuqxzg jkf'k
nh tkrh gSA ysfdu] u rks dkuwu cukus okyksa us vkSj u
gh mu yksxksa ds }kjk fdlh izdkj ds Bksl dne mBk;s
x;s ftu yksxksa ds dU/kksa ij vlaxfBr etnwjksa ds fgrksa
ds fy, bu dkuwuksa dks fØ;kfUor djus dh ftEesnkjh
lkSih x;h Fkh rFkk u gh bl oxZ ds yksxksa dh lqj{kk ds
fy, tks Bsdsnkjksa }kjk ;k muds ek/;e ls ljdkj ;k
mldh ,tsafl;ksa }kjk turk ds Hkys ds fy, [krjukd
vkSj tksf[ke okys dke ij yxk;s tkrs gSaA buesa ls ,d
;kfpdkdrkZ Hkh gSA ,sls etnwjksa ds viuh tku xaokus ij
Hkh rdZlaxr eqvkots dk izko/kku ugha gSA
4- jkT; ljdkj o blds lac) fudk;ksa] bR;kfn }kjk lapkfyr
lhojksa esa Lo;a vFkok Bsdsnkjksa ds ek/;e ls dke djrs gSa]
muds fu;ksDrk dh vlko/kkuh ls ekjs tkus ij ,sls etnwjksa
ds dkuwuh gdnkjksa ds ikl jkT; dh U;k; iz.kkyh rd
jkgr ds fy, igqapus gsrq lk/ku@lalk/ku u gksus ds dkj.k
uS'kuy dSEisu QkWj fMxfuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkWo lhojst
,aM vykbM odZlZ us ;kfpdk la[;k 5232@2007 fnYyh
mPp U;k;ky; esa nkf[ky dh] ftlds ek/;e ls lhojksa
dh lQkbZ dk dke djus okys ,sls etnwjksa dh nqnZ'kk dh
vksj yksxks dk /;ku [khapus ftuesa ls cgqr ls viuh tku
ls gkFk /kks cSBrs gSaA futh izkf/kdj.kksa vkSj Bsdsnkjksa vkSj
;gka rd fd futh O;fDr;ksa ,oa laLFkkvksa }kjk bu yksxksa
dks lkQ&lQkbZ gsrq mi;ksx gksus okys t:jh midj.k
miyC/k ugha djk;s tkrs gSaA ,sls midj.kksa ds vHkko esa os
foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa dke djus ds fy, etcwj gksrs gSaA
vihy ds 4 ls ysdj 6os iSjs vkSj 8osa iSjs esa ;kfpdkdrkZ
us fuEufyf[kr izkDdFku izLrqr fd;s %
Þ4- ;kfpdk esa fnYyh ds lhojksa esa dke djus okys
etnwjksa dh nqnZ'kk dks mtkxj fd;k x;k gSA fnYyh
ls cM+s iSekus ij dpjk fudflr gksrk gSA orZeku
esa fnYyh ls fudyus okys dpjs dh ek=k 2871
,e,yMh gSA fnYyh ty cksMZ vuqi;ksxh ty ds
fu"dklu ds fy, mRrjnk;h gS] ftlesa 5600 fdeh
Hkwfexr ,oa VsMhes<+h ukfy;ksa&lhojykbu dh O;oLFkk
gS vkSj blds j[kj[kko o vU; dk;ksaZ ds fy, yxHkx
fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l
vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU;
;kfpdk Li"V djrh gS fd jkT; dk
<kapk fdl izdkj mu yksxksa ds izfr
vlaosnu'khy gS tks BsB xjhc gSa vkSj
tks fnu&jkr izfrdwy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa
dke djrs gSa vkSj yxkrkj ftudh
tku dks [krjk cuk jgrk gS
fnYyh esa lhojkssa dh lQkbZ dk dke djrs le; bu
lhojksa esa gksus okyh ekSrksa dh 'kk;n gh fxurh dh
tkrh gSA 7 ebZ 2007 dks uoHkkjr VkbEl us lu
2003 esa gq;h ekSrksa dk C;kSjk fuEu izdkj ls fn;k Fkk
%
fnukad
LFkku
ekSrksa dh la[;k
22 ekpZ
czãiqjh
1
23 ekpZ
'kkgnjk
2
11 vizSy
'kkfDruxj
3
25 twu
fjBkyk ,lVhih
5
tqykbZ
dukV iSysl
3
tqykbZ
vks[kyk
3
vDVwcj
mRre uxj
4
lu 2004 esa gksus okyh ekSrksa dk C;kSjk bl izdkj gS%
fnYyh ty cksMZ ds lkFk dke djus okys 5500
lhoj etnwjksa dh fLFkfr ,slh gS fd os u flQZ vusd
tgjhyh xSlksa vkSj uqdlkunsg inkFkks± dk lkeuk
viuh tku tksf[ke esa Mkydj djrs gSa] cfYd dke
ds nkSjku vkdfLed e`R;q vkSj ne ?kqVus dh ijs'kkuh
dk Hkh lkeuk djrs gSaA bu ukfy;ksa esa dke djus ls
;s yksx vusd jksxksa vkSj [krjksa ls :c: jgrs gSaA bl
ckr dh iqf"V ds fy, ,usDlj&1 ds rkSj ij fnYyh
ds lhojkas esa dke djus okys etnwjksa dh fLFkfr dks
n'kkZrs QksVks layXu gSaA ;s QksVksxzkQ bu ukfy;ksa esa
dke djus okys etnwjksa dh nq%[kn dgkuh o nqnZ'kk
dks n'kZkrs gSaA
5-
63
fnukad
LFkku
ekSrksa dh la[;k
24 ebZ
othj iqj
3
25 ebZ
xkSreiqjh
1
11 twu
le;iqj
2
tqykbZ
othjiqj
2
vDVwcj
jksfg.kh
2
vDVwcj
iniknqj
2
blds lkFk ¼vusDlj ih&2½ layXu gS tks fd 07-52007 dks uoHkkjr VkbEl esa Nis ys[k ¼Bsdsnkjksa dh
ykijokgh ls gks jgh gSa ekSrsa½ dh vuqokfnr dkih gSA
6-
;gka rd fd 2007 esa fnukad 6 ebZ 2007 dks lhoj
ds vUnj dke djrs gq, etnwjksa& jes'k] larks"k vkSj
vk'kh"k tgjhyh xSlksa ls ne ?kqVus ds dkj.k viuh
64
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
tku ls gkFk /kks cSBsA blds lkFk ih&3 ds uke ls
js[kkafdr dh x;h izfr vusDlj ih&3 ds :Ik esa gS
tks fd ,d lekpkj fjiksVZ gS tks 7-5-2007 ds VkbEl
vkQ bafM;k esa Nih FkhA ;g ?kVuk fot; ,Udyso
MkcM+h ds lkeus ¼tks fd nf{k.k fnYyh esa fLFkr gS½
enzklh ukys esa ?kfVr gq;hA bl nkSjku dke dks
jk"Vªh; ekuo vf/kdkj vk;ksx ds fn'kkfunsZ'kksa dh
iw.kZ:Ik ls vuns[kh@mYya?ku djrs gq, djk;k tk
jgk FkkA ihfM+r etnwj fcuk fdlh gsyesV vkSj xSl
ekLd vkthou flysaMj ds dke dj jgs Fks tks fd
jk"Vªh; ekuo vf/kdkj vk;ksx }kjk fu/kkZfjr funsZ'kksa
ds vuqlkj vfuok;Z gSA u rks buds ikl izFke
mipkj fdV gh miyC/k Fkh vkSj u gh lkal ysus
oky d`f=e ra= ¼vkWDlhtu xSl flys.Mj½ vkSj u gh
iksVsZcy lhf<+;ka gh Bsdsnkjksa }kjk budks eqgS;k djk;h
x;h FkhaA Bsdsnkjksa us Li"V :ils lHkh fn'kkfunsZ'kksa o
fu;eksa dk mYya?ku fd;kA
8-
f'k{kk ,oa nwjlapkj dsUnz ¼lsaVj QkWj ,Mqds'ku ,aM
dE;wfuds'ku½ us vkWD;qis'kuy gsYFk ,aM ls¶Vh
eSustesaV dalyVsalh lfoZlst uked laLFkk ds lg;ksx
ls fnYyh ds lhojksa esa dke djus okys etnwjksa ds
LokLF; ,oa lqj{kk Lrj fo"k; ij ,d fjiksVZ rS;kj
dh gSA fjiksVZ fu"d"kZ nsrh gS fd %
ÞLkhojksa esa dke djus okys etnwj dke djus okys
LFkku esa tksf[ke dh vf/kdrk ds dkj.k Hkkjh e`R;qnj
,oa ?kkrd jksxksa ls ihfM+r gSaA fiNys nks lky esa can
lhoj ykbuksa esa dke djus ds dkj.k 33 etnwjksa dh
tku x;hA 59 izfr'kr etnwjksa dks Hkwfexr lhojksa esa
,d eghus esa 10 ls vf/kd ckj vanj tkuk iMrk gSA
bu Hkwfexr lhojksa esa dke djrs le; bu etnwjksa
esa ls T;knkrj cMs+ iSekus ij ?kko [kk cSBrs gSaA bUgsa
vka[kksa esa tyu eglwl gksrh gS vkSj mudh Ropk
ij yky nkus fudyus ds lkFk [kqtyh dh f'kdk;r
eglwl gksrh gSA 41 etnwjksa us vLFkk;h :Ik ls csgks'kh
dh f'kdk;r ntZ dh gSA yxHkx ,d&frgkbZ ls dqN
T;knk etnwjksa dks fVVus'k ds fy, izfrjf{kr fd;k
x;k gSA tcfd buesa ls fdlh dks Hkh gSisVkbfVl&ch
ds fy, Vhdkd`r ugha fd;k x;k gSA
yxHkx 46 izfr'kr ls T;knk etnwjksa dk ckWMh ekl
baMsDl ¼ch,lvkbZ½ ds vk/kkj ij vko';drk ls de
otu ik;k x;k gSA 37 izfr'kr etnwjksa esa lkekU; ls
de ek=k esa gheksXyksfcu ik;k x;k gSA 65 izfr'kr
ls vf/kd etnwjksa esa lkekU; Y;wdkslkbV dkmaV ¼91
izfr'kr½ ds ckotwn ctk; bZvksflu fQy dkmUV
vf/kd ¼6 izfr'kr½ ik;k x;k gSA ,pch,l,th ds
fy, VsLV fd;s x;s lHkh lSaiyksa esa ls dksbZ Hkh lSaiy
ikWthfVo ugha ik;k x;kA ;wjhu ijh{k.k esa 'kjhj
ds vkWxZu flLVe ij vifjorZuh; vlj ns[kus dks
feykA
50 izfr'kr ls vf/kd ijh{k.kksa esa QsQMksa dh
fØ;k'khyrk ds ifj.kke izfrdwy ik;s x;sA Nkrh
ds ,Dl&js }kjk ;g Li"V gks x;k fd 'oklra= dh
fØ;k'khyrk esa Hkh deh gSA
fdlh Hkh etnwj dks dke ds nkSjku laHkkfor [krjs
ds ckjs esa ekSf[kd :Ik ls vkSipkfjd rkSj ij dqN
fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l
vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU;
Hkh ugha crk;k tkrk gSA fdlh Hkh etnwj ds lkFk
dke ds nkSjku gksus okyh vkdfLed nq?kZVuk ds fy,
izkFkfed mipkj dh lqfo/kk rd ugha nh x;h gS rFkk
;gka rd fd vU; lqj{kk midj.k& nLrkus] ekLd
vkSj twrs Hkh ukeek= gh ekStwn gSaA lqj{kk midj.kksa
dh vkiwfrZ t:jrksa ds eqrkfcd Ik;kZIr ugha ik;h
x;hA
lHkh nSfud etnwj yxHkx 2950 #Ik;s izfrekg dh
ru[okg ij dke dj jgs Fks Hkys gh fdruh gh vof/k
ls dke dj jgs gksaAß
;kfpdkdrkZ us xqtjkr mPp U;k;ky; }kjk tkjh fd;s
x;s vkns'k ¼fnukad 15-6-2006½ dk lanHkZ fn;k gS tks fd
xqtjkr mPp U;k;ky; us Lis'ky flfoy ,Iyhds'ku la
8989@2001 & dkenkj LokLF; lqj{kk e.My vkSj Lis'ky
flfoy ,Iyhds'ku la[;k&11706@2004&eSugksy odZlZ
;wfu;u vkSj yksd vf/kdkj la?k esa of.kZr gSA blds vykok
;kfpdkdrkZ us le;&le; ij vusd ;kfpdk,a nk;j dha
ftuesa ls ,d ijekns'k tkjh djus ds laca/k esa Hkh Fkh
ftlesa fd lhojksa esa dke djus okys etnwjksa dks os t:jh
lqj{kk midj.k vkSj diM+s tks fd xqtjkr mPp U;k;ky;
}kjk ekU;rk izkIr vkns'k ¼tks flfoy Lis'ky ,Iyhds'ku esa
fn;k x;k½ esa of.kZr Fks] eqgS;k djk;s tk,a rFkk lhojksa dh
lQkbZ ds fy, eSugksy esa tkus ds dkj.k ejus okys etnwj
ds ifjokj dks 10 yk[k #i;ss eqvkots ds rkSj ij fn;s
tk,a rFkk lHkh etnwjksa ds esfMdy ijh{k.k dh O;oLFkk ds
65
lkFk&lkFk mUgsa iwjk fpfdRldh; mipkj fu%'kqYd fn;k
tk, o lkFk gh ml iwjs le;varjky dh iwjh ru[okg Hkh
nh tk, ftl le; os chekj jgs gSaA
5- fjV ;kfpdk ds eq[; fcanqvksa dk v/;;u djus ds ckn
mPp U;k;ky; dh [kaMihB us izfrokfn;ksa dks uksfVl tkjh
djus ds lkFk&lkFk lHkh ttksa esa ls ,d MkW tfLVl ,l
eqjyh/kj ls vkxzg fd;k fd os lhojksa esa dke djus okys
etnwjkas dh leL;kvksa dk dksbZ dkjxj gy <w<saA fo}ku
tt us ;kfpdkdrkZvksa ds izfrfuf/k;ksa vihydrkZ vkSj
jkT; dh ,tsafl;ksa dks lquk rFkk izLrqr fd;s x;s lHkh
nLrkostksa dk Hkh v/;;u fd;k rFkk rc 5-4-2008 dks
vusd lq>koksa dks bl vkns'k esa 'kkfeydj bu eSugksy
lhojksa dh lQkbZ ds fy, rSukr etnwjksa dh lqj{kk gsrq
lhoj etnwjksa dh fLFkfr ,slh gS fd
os u flQZ vusd tgjhyh xSlksa vkSj
uqdlkunsg inkFkks± dk lkeuk viuh
tku tksf[ke esa Mkydj djrs gSa]
cfYd dke ds nkSjku vkdfLed e`R;q
vkSj ne ?kqVus dh ijs'kkuh dk Hkh
lkeuk djrs gSa
66
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
;g vkns'k ikl fd;kA mPp U;k;ky; dh [kaMihB us rc
MkW tfLVl ,l- eqjyh/kj }kjk fn;s x;s lq>koksa ij fopkj
fd;k rFkk ;kfpdkdrkZvksa ,oa ,uMh,elh }kjk nkf[ky
gyQukes ,oa nLrkostksa dk v/;;u fd;k rFkk fQj ,d
foLr`r vkns'k fnukad 20-05-2008 dks tkjh fd;k ftlesa
iSjk la[;k 9 ,oa 10 fuEufyf[kr :Ik ls i<s tk;a %
Þ9- ,tsfUl;ksa }kjk nh x;h vusd fjiksVks±a ij fopkj djus
ds ckn] rFkk lacaf/kr ,tsfUl;ksa vkSj ckj }kjk fn;s
x;s izLrqrhdj.kksa ds ckn ds le{k fn;s izLrqrhdj.kksa
ds ckn ge fuEufyf[kr funsZ'kksa dks bl ;kfpdk dk
vfUre fu"iknu vkns'k tkjh djrs gSaA
¼,½ esfMdy ijh{k.k ,oa esfMdy mipkj lHkh
etnwjksa dks ¼lhojksa esa dke djus okys½ fu%'kqYd
fn;k tk;sxkA ;g bykt O;olk; ls tqM+h
chekjh ls izHkkfor lc etnwjksa ds fy, fujUrj
pyrk jgsxkA chekjh ,oa vkdfLed nq?kZVuk esa
Hkh rc rd tc rd bykt iwjk u gks tk; ;k
chekj O;fDr dh e`R;q u gks tk;&
¼ch½ lhojksa esa dke djus okys etnwjksa dh lsokvksa dks
Bsdsnkjksa ,oa ekkfydksa & ftuds }kjk mUgsa dke
fn;k x;k gS & ds }kjk chekjh ds nkSjku lekIr
ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj bl rjg ds etnwjksa
dks dke ij rSukr etnwjksa dh rjg gh etnwjh
dk Hkqxrku fd;k tk;sxk vkSj mudh lsok dk
laKku fy;k tk;sxk&
¼lh½ oDlZeSu daiu'kslu ,DV 1923 ds rgr izko/kku
ds vUrZxr O;kolkf;d chekfj;ksa ls ihfM+r lc
etnwjksa dks eqvkotk Bsdsnkjksa ls olwy dj ¼;fn
fof/klEer gks½ fn;k tk,xkA
¼Mh½ izfroknh fdlh Hkh etnwj dh dke ds nkSjku
e`R;q gksus ij ,d yk[k #i;ss dh vuqxzg jkf'k
dk Hkqxrku etnwj ds ifjokj dks djsxkA ;g
jde Bsdsnkjks ls Hkh olwy dh tk ldrh gS]
ysfdu dkuwuh rkSj ls oS/k gksus ij ghA
¼bZ½ izfroknh etnwjksa dh lHkh laoS/kkfud cdk;k
jkf'k;ka tSls izkfoMsaV QaM] xzsT;qVh vkSj cksul
vkfn dk Hkqxrku lHkh etnwjksa dks] mu etnwjksa
lfgr ftUgsa lafo/kk ij j[kk x;k gS] djsxkA
¼,Q½ izfroknh ;kfpdkdrkZ laxBu ds lkFk
fopkjfoe'kZ dj etnwjksa dks tYn ls tYn u;s
lqj{kk midj.k miyC/k djk;sxkA
¼th½ izfroknh lHkh deZpkfj;ksa dks lkcqu ,oa rsy
orZeku dksVs ds vuq:Ik eqgS;k djk;sxkA ,slk
gj eghus ds var esa fd;k tk,xk u fd lky ds
var esaA
¼,p½ izfroknh fnYyh ty cksMZ ds u;s fu;eksa ds
vuqlkj deZpkfj;ksa dks jsLV:e] dSUVhu ds
lkFk&lkFk izkFkfed mipkj dh lqfo/kk] lkQ
vkSj lqjf{kr ihus dk ikuh] diM+s /kksus dh
lqfo/kk] 'kkSpky; ,oa ew=ky;] lqj{kkx`g] f'k'kqx`g
,oa dSUVhu & tks Hkh u;s fu;eksa esa fu/kkZfjr
fd;k x;k gS & os lHkh eqgS;k djk;sxkA blds
lkFk gh ;gka ij ,d LVksj dh lqfo/kk Hkh nh
tkuh fuf'pr dh x;h gS tgka ij deZpkjh tek
fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l
vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU;
gksdj vius&vius dke djus dh txgksa dh
rjQ jokuk gks ldsaA
¼vkbZ½ ekfydksa dks vius lHkh deZpkfj;ksa lafonk
deZpkfj;ksas lfgr & dks ,DlhMsaV&de&ost&fLyi
lhihMCY;wMh@ihMCY;wMh@MhMh, fnYyh ty
cksMZ dkWUVªSDVj yscj jsxqys'ku ,DV dh /kkjk 8 esa
fu/kkZfjr O;oLFkk ds vuqlkj eqgS;k djkus gksaxsA
¼ts½ izfroknh lHkh deZpkfj;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk lafonk
deZpkfj;ksa dks jkstxkj dkMZ yscj jsxqys'kal dh
/kkjk 9 ds vuqlkj eqgS;k djk,xk rFkk lsok
lekfIr ds le; lafonk deZpkfj;ksa lfgr reke
deZpkfj;ksa dks lsok izek.ki= yscj jsxqys'kal dh
/kkjk 10 ds vuqlkj miyC/k djk,xkA
¼ds½ izfroknh yscj jsxqys'kal dh /kkjk 5 esa fu/kkZfjr
izko/kku ds vuqlkj lafonk deZpkfj;ksa dks fn;s
x;s osru dk jftLVj vius gLrk{kjksa ds }kjk
izekf.kr djsxkA
¼,y½ izfroknh pkj lIrkg ds Hkhrj bl dksVZ RkFkk
;kfpdkdrkZ dks vius dk;ks±a ds fu"iknu gsrq
lafonk ij j[ks x;s dqy deZpkfj;ksa dh lwph
rFkk dk;Z dks iwjk djkus okys Bsdsnkjksa dh lwph
ds lkFk&lkFk vc rd lhoj lQkbZ ls tqM+s
deZpkfj;ksa dks nh x;h ru[okg ds vkSj mudks
fn;s x;s jkstxkj dk le;&varjky dk C;kSjk
Hkh tek djk;sxkA
¼,e½ fnYyh ty cksMZ dks ;g vkns'k fn;k tkrk gS fd
og ;g lqfuf'Pkr djs fd e`r lhoj deZpkfj;ksa
67
ds ekeys esa vuqxzg jkf'k ds rkSj ij fn;k tkus
okyk eqvkotk e`r deZpkjh ds ifjokj dks fn;k
tk pqdk gS vFkok ughaA ;fn ugha rks ;g iSlk
8 lIrkg ds Hkhrj ifjokj dks ns fn;k tk;A
¼,u½ ,uMh,elh dks ;g vkns'k fn;k tkrk gS fd
7 fnlacj 2003 dks gq;h nq?kZVuk& ,uMh,elh
ds Bsdsnkjksa dh ns[kjs[k esa dke dj jgs esa rhu
O;fDr;ksa dh ekSr gks x;h FkhA muds ifjokj
okyksa dks ,d&,d yk[k #Ik;s dh vuqxzg jkf'k
nh tk; bl vktknh ds lkFk fd ;fn dkuwu esa
izko/kku gks rks ;g jkf'k Bsdsnkj ls Hkh olwyh
tk ldrh gSA
68
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
¼vks½ fnYyh ty cksMZ ,oa ,uMh,elh dks funZs'k fn;k
tkrk gS fd og IkSjk 15 ,o 16 esa of.kZr ftu
lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dh ekSr gks x;h Fkh 22 tqykbZ
2008 ds fyf[kr izLrqrhdj.k] ml ?kVuk dh
tkap dh tk; vkSj vkB lIrkg ds Hkhrj fjiksVZ
bl dksVZ ds lqiqnZ dh tk; vkSj ;fn ;g ik;k
tk; fd lafonk ij j[ks x;s deZpkjh] ftUgkasus
viuh tku xokabZ] vkSj tks ,uMh,elh@Mhtsch
ds Bsdsnkjksa ds v/khu dke dj jgs Fks muds
ifjtuksa dks ,d&,d yk[k #i;ss dh vuqxzg
jkf'k ns nh tk;A dkuwu ds vk/kkj ij ;fn oS/k
gks rks ;g jkf'k Bsdsnkj ls Hkh olwy dh tk
ldrh gSA
¼ih½ izfroknh dks ,d uD'kk izLrqr djuk pkfg;s
ftlesa ;g Li"V :Ik ls fn[kk;k x;k gks fd%&
¼1½ dgka&dgka ukfy;ksa dh lqfo/kk miyC/k gS ¼2½
dgka ladjh ukfy;ksa ;k vU; dkj.kksa ls vk/kqfud
e'khuh midj.kksa dk izos'k ugha fd;k tk ldrk
gSA ¼3½ fdu LFkkuksa ij e'khu }kjk dke fd;k
tk ldrk gS ¼4½ ,sls laosnu'khy LFkku tgka
vkdfLed ekSrsa] nq?kZVuk,a ,oa ukfy;ka vDlj can
gksrh gSaA ¼5½ ;g lc vkt ls rhu ekg ds Hkhrj
gks tkuk pkfg,A
¼D;w½ var esa izfrokfn;ksa dks funsZ'k fn;k tkrk gS fd
os etnwjksa }kjk fd;s tkus okys lhojksa dh lQkbZ
ds dke dks e'khuksa }kjk fu"ikfnr fd;s tkus
ds fy, izLrko o ;kstuk nLrkostksa ds tfj;s
izLrqqr djsxsa tSlk fd Mhtsch ,oa ,uMh,elh
}kjk ;kstuk cukbZ x;h gS vkSj ;s lHkh ;kstuk,a
rhu ekg ds Hkhrj fØ;kfUor gks tkuh pkfg,Aß
10- mijksDr funsZ'kksa ds fØ;kUo;u ds fy, ge fuEu
fyf[kr :i ls ,d lfefr cukrs gSa %
¼i½ ps;jeSu Jh ,lvkj 'kadju] vkbZ,,l] f=iqjk
ljdkj ls lsokfuo`Rr eq[; lfpo
¼ii½ ,d&,d vf/kdkjh ,uMh,elh] MhMh, vkSj
fnYyh ty cksMZ }kjk ukfer fd;k tkuk gS tks
fd Hkkjr ljdkj ds vUrZxr voj lfpo ls uhps
ds in dk ugha gksuk pkfg,A
¼iii½ jk"Vªh; jkt/kkuh {ks= fnYyh dh ljdkj ds
lekt dY;k.k foHkkx ds la;qDr lfpo dks
foHkkx ds lfpo }kjk lfefr dk la;kstd ukfer
fd;k tkuk gSA
¼iv½ ;kfpdkdrkZ laLFkk ls ,d izfrfuf/kAß
fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l
vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU;
6- ftl nkSjku mPp U;k;ky; }kjk lhojksa esa dke djus
okys etnwjksa ls tqMs gq, eqn~nksa ¼muds LokLF; ,oa lqj{kk
ls tqMs+ gq, eqn~nksa ds lkFk½ dk v/;;u fd;k tk jgk
Fkk] mlh nkSjku fgUnqLrku VkbEl us fnukad 26-3-2009
ds ¼esVªks laLdj.k½ essa [kcj Nkih fd ekPkZ 2009 ekg ds
nkSjku lhojksa esa dke djus okys de ls de 6 etnwjksa us
lqj{kk midj.kksa ds vHkko esa tgjhyh xSlksa ls ne ?kqVus
ds dkj.k viuh tku xokabZA nks etnwj vyhiqj ujsyk] nks
cokuk vkSj ,d&,d Øe'k% lsDVj 6 ujsyk vkSj fnYyh
fpfM+;k?kj ,oa lqUnjuxj fnYyh esa ekSr dk f'kdkj gq,A
buesa ls pkj ekSrsa ;kfpdkdrkZ fnYyh ty cksMZ] fnYyh
fodkl izkf/kdj.k vkSj fnYyh jkT; m|ksx fodkl fuxe
ds dk;Z{ks= ds vUrZxr rFkk nks ekSrsa futh QkeZ gkml&
dR;ky QkeZgkml c[rkojiqj jksM] ujsyk esa gq;hA
7- mijksDr fjiksVZ esa nks"k fl) gksus ds ckn mPp U;k;ky;
dh [k.MihB us vihydrkZ& fnYyh ty cksMZ ,oa fnYyh
fodkl izkf/kdj.k dks vius&vius gyQukes nkf[ky djus
ds fy, dgkA fnYyh jkT; vkS|kSfxd fodkl fuxe rFkk
QkeZgkml ds ekfydksa dks o iqfyl foHkkx dks Hkh uksfVl
tkjh fd;s x;sA
8- fnYyh tycksMZ ds eq[; vfHk;ark Jh lq[kkbZ jke }kjk
nkf[ky fd;s x;s gyQukes esa nkok fd;k x;k gS fd
ftl O;fDr dh e`R;q 15-3-2009 dks gq;h og lhoj esa dke
djus okyk csynkj etnwj ugha Fkk] cfYd ,d isUVj FkkA
69
ftl nkSjku mPp U;k;ky; lhojksa esa
dke djus okys etnwjksa ls tqMs gq,
eqn~nksa dk v/;;u fd;k tk jgk Fkk]
mlh nkSjku fgUnqLrku VkbEl us [kcj
Nkih fd ekPkZ 2009 ds nkSjku lhojksa
esa dke djus okys de ls de 6
etnwjksa dh ekSr lqj{kk midj.kksa ds
vHkko esa tgjhyh xSlksa ls ne ?kqVus
ds dkj.k gq;h
mlus Li"V fd;k fd e`rd mi&Bsdsnkj dkUrk izlkn gS
rFkk ftls eSllZ vkjlsYQ fef'kxu&tsoh }kjk bl dk;Z
ds fy, j[kk x;kA bl daiuh dks fpfM+;k?kj bykds ds
lhojksa dh iquLFkkZiuk dk dke lkSaik x;k gSA Lkq[kkbZjke
ds vuqlkj e`rd lhoj esa bikWDlh dh xSl ls ne ?kqVus
ds dkj.k csgks'k gksdj fxjk FkkA blds vykok mUgksaus
dgk fd Bsdsnkj ds }kjk 1 yk[k 71 gtkj #Ik;s dh
/kujkf'k e`rd ds ifjokj dks igys gh Hkqxrku dh tk pqdh
gSA fnYyh fodkl izkf/kdj.k ,oa fnYyh jkT; vkS|ksfxd
fodkl dkiksZjs'ku ds }kjk nkf[ky gyQukes esa ;g nkok
70
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
fd;k x;k fd e`rd etnwj muds }kjk dke ij ugha j[ks
x;s Fks] gkykafd o mudh e/;LFkrk ls dke ij ugha j[sk
x;s Fks gkaykafd lquokbZ ds nkSjku ;kfpdkdrkZ dh rjQ ls
Hksts fo)r vf/koDrk us dgk fd eSugksy esa tkus ls igys
bu etnwjksa dks vko';d lqj{kk midj.k ugha fn;s x;s FksA
9- LVsV ,tsfUl;ksa }kjk nkf[ky gyQukes o bl ij gq;h
cgl ij fopkj foe'kZ ds ckn mPp U;k;ky; dh [kaMihB
us fnukad 21-4-2009 dks vkns'k ikfjr fd;k ftldk
mi;ksxh Hkkx bl izdkj ls gS %
Þ,QvkbZvkj dk v/;;u djus ij ;g Li"V :ils ns[kk
tk ldrk gS fd fnYyh ty cksMZ dh rjQ ls nkf[ky
fd;k x;k gyQukek iw.kZr;k xqejkg djus okyk gSA
,Qvkbvkj ls ;g Hkh irk pyrk gS fd e`rd jktu rFkk
,d vU; etnwj jktdqekj lhoj ds vUnj lhf<+;ksa dh
enn ls x;s FksA vUnj tkus ls igys mUgksaus Bsdsnkjksa ds
deZpkfj;ksa ls lqj{kk midj.kksa vkSj vkDlhtu ekLd ekaxs]
exj bu deZpkfj;ksa us bu etnwjksa dh ekaxksa ij dksbZ
/;ku ugha fn;kA ;g ,QvkbZvkj esa vkxs ekywe iMrk gS
fd os yksx blh rjg ls fiNys ,d lIrkg ls dke djrs
vk jgs Fks vkSj ckj&ckj fourh djus ij Hkh mUgs t:jh
lqj{kk midj.k o vkWDlhtu ekLd miyC/k ugha djk;s
x;sA blesa vkxs Li"V :ils ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd os
yksx lhoj dh isafVx dj jgs Fks rFkk pawfd ogka tgjhyh
xSls Fkh o vkDlhtu de ek=k esa Fkh] vr% blh dkj.k
fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l
vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU;
jktu csgks'k gks x;k vkSj gkfLiVy tkus ij mls ogka e`r
?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA nwljs O;fDr dks pDdj vkus yxs vkSj
og uhps fxj iM+k ftlls mlds psgjs ij pksV vk x;hA
Mhtsch dh rjQ ls izLrqr fo}ku odhy us Lohdkj fd;k
fd gkbZdksVZ ds 20 vxLr 2008 esa tkjh fd;s x;s vkns'k
esa of.kZr lqj{kk midj.k & ftlesa fd funsZf'kr fd;k x;k
Fkk fd ;s lqj{kk midj.k eqgS;k djk;s tkus pkfg, &
etnwjksa dks dks eqgS;k ugha djk;s x;s FksA muds vuqlkj
lqj{kk midj.k eqgS;k djkus dh iwjh ftEesnkjh le>kSrs ds
eqrkfcd Bsdsnkj dh FkhA vr% ;g Li"V gS fd lhoj esa
dke djus okys etnwjksa dks iwjh rjg ls Bsdsnkj dh n;k
ds Hkjksls NksM+ fn;k x;k Fkk] tks fd t:jh lko/kkfu;ka
cjrus esa ukdke jgk rFkk ftlds QyLo:Ik etnwj jktu
dh e`R;q gks x;hA
vHkh rd tSlk fd Li"V gS fd e`R;q MhMh, ds vf/kdkj{ks=
esa gq;h gS] gYkQukes esa ;g dgk x;k gS fd lhoj ykbu ls
dpjk@xkn fudkyus dk dke ;k dksbZ vkSj dke MhMh,
ls lacf/kr bl Hkkx esa tgka ij ekSr gq;h ogka ij gks gh
ugha jgk FkkA ;g dgk x;k Fkk fd 'kk;n ogka jgus okys
dqN fuokfl;ksa }kjk jkds'k dqekj uke ls fdlh O;fDr dks
vius Lrj ls bl eSugksy dks] ftlesa ;g ekSr gq;h] tkap
djus ds fy, j[kk x;k gksxkA lquokbZ ds nkSjku gkykafd
MhMh, ds fo}ku vf/koDrk us ;g Lohdkj fd;k fd
gyQukek Li"V fLFkfr O;Dr ugha djrk gSA mlus Lohdkj
fd;k fd jkds'k dqekj lSuh dks lhojksa ls xkn fudkyus
dk dke lkSaik x;k Fkk ysfdu mlds vuqca/k dk le;
fnlacj 2008 esa iwjk gks pqdk FkkA muds }kjk vkxs Li"V
fd;k x;k fd vuqca/k 6 eghus dk okjaVh le; nsrk gS
71
ysfdu vuqca/kdrkZ fcuk MhMh, dh vkKk fy, lhoj ykbu
esa dksbZ Hkh dke le; ls vkxs rd ugha djk ldrk gSA
odhy us vkxs dgk gS fd MhMh, us dksbZ lqj{kk midj.k
miyC/k ugha djk;s Fks D;ksfd vuqca/k ds eqrkfcd ;g
ftEesnkjh iwjh rjg ls Bsdsnkj dh FkhA etnwjksa dks vHkh
rd tSlk fd Mh,lvkbZMhlh dk loky gS ,QvkbZvkj esa
;g ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd ?kVuk ls pkj yksx tqMs gq, Fks&
nks etnwj euiky vkSj jkeczt ;kno dh ekSr gq;h rFkk
nks vU; ';kechj losZ'k ,oa cztiky ;kno t[eh gq, FksA
;s yksx Mh,lvkbZMhlh }kjk pqus gq, Bsdsnkj v#.k dqekj
xks;y ds v/khu dke dj jgs FksA ,QvkbZvkj ls ;g Li"V
gS fd deZpkfj;ksa dks lqj{kk midj.k o ;a= miyC/k ugha
djk;s x;s Fks tSlk fd igys js[kkafdr fd;k tk pqdk gSA
igys gh mYys[k gS fd dR;ky QkeZgkml esa c[rkojiqj
jksM ujsyk esa nks ekSrsa gq;h FkhaA ,QvkbZvkj esa ;g ns[kk
tk ldrk gS fd tks yksx lhoj dh lQkbZ ds nkSjku ekSr
ds f'kdkj gq;s Fks os QkeZgkml ds ekfyd }kjk bl dke
ds fy, fu;qDr fd;s x;s Bsdsnkj lquhy ds v/khu dk;Zjr
FksA QkeZgkml dh rjQ ls mifLFkr odhy us ;g dgk fd
vuqxzg jkf'k ds rkSj ij ihfM+rksa ds ifjokjksa dks ,d&,d
yk[k #i;ss fn;s tk pqds gSaA
'kq: ls gh ;g ns[kk x;k gS fd Mhtsch rFkk MhMh, us
gkbZdksVZ ds 20-08-2008 ds vkns'k esa fn;s x;s funsZ'kksa]
fo'ks"k dj mu funZs'kksa ftuesa lqj{kk midj.k eqgS;k djkus
rFkk lafonk ij j[ks x;s etnwjksa dks jkstxkj dkMZ eqgS;k
djkus ds fy, dgk x;k gS] dk ikyu ugha fd;k x;k
gSA vr% bl dksVZ ds 20-08-2008 ds vkns'k dh voekuuk
djus ds fy, vnkyr dh voekuuk ,DV dk mYya?ku
72
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
djus ds fy, Mhtsch ds lhbZvks vkSj okbl ps;jeSu dks
dkj.k crkvks uksfVl tkjh fd;k tkrk gSA uksfVl dk
tokc 27-8-2009 rd fn;k tk ldrk gSA
MhMh, vkSj Mh,lvkbZMhlh dks funZs'k fn;k tkrk gS fd os
eqvkots dh jkf'k #i;ss 2-5 yk[k izfr deZpkjh ds vk/kkj
ij mPPk U;k;ky; dh fof/k lsok desVh ¼Mh,plh,y,llh½
dks e`rdksa ds ifjokjksa ds lqiqnZ djus gsrq pkj lIrkg ds
Hkhrj tek djk nsaA Mh,lvkbZMhlh blds fy, Lora= gS
fd os bl jkf'k dks Bsdsnkj ls olwysa vFkok ughaA Mhtsch
ds vuqlkj Bsdsnkj igys gh e`rdksa ds ifjokjksa dks 1-71
yk[k #i;ss ns pqds gS vr% Mhtsch dks ;g funsZ'k fn;k
tkrk gS fd os eqvkots dh cdk;k jkf'k tks fd #i;ss
79 gtkj gS mls Mh,plh,y,llh dks pkj lIrkg ds
vUnj tek djs rFkk Mh,plh,y,llh ;g irk yxk;s
fd Mhtsch ds vuqlkj 1-71 yk[k dh /kujkf'k e`rdksa ds
ifjtuksa dks feyh Hkh gS fd ugha tSlk fd fnYyh ty
cksMZ us dgk gSA dR;ky QkeZ gkml ds ekfyd izR;sd
deZpkjh dks 1-5 yk[k #i;ss ds vk/kkj ij ;k lkjka'k esa
#i;ss 3 yk[k Mh,plh,y,llh ds ikl tek djsxk rFkk
Mh,plh,y,llh ;g irk yxk;sxk fd tSlk QkeZgkml
ds ekfyd ds dgs vuqlkj ,d yk[k #i;ss dh nh x;h
jkf'k e`rdksa ds ifjokj okys yksxksa dks feyh Hkh gS fd ughaA
Mhtsch ds lhbZvks rFkk MhMh, ds okbl ps;jeSu vkSj
Mh,lvkbZMhlh ds eSusftax Mk;jsDVj dks vius&vius
O;fDrxr gyQukesa desVh ds le{k dsoy fuf'Pkr djrs
gq, fd dksVZ }kjk le;&le; ij fn;s x;s fn'kkfunsZ'kksa
dks ikyu fd;k x;k gS vkSj ;fn muesa dgha dksbZ deh
gS rks mUgsa Li"V :Ik ls gyQukes esa mtkxj djsa vkSj
fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l
vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU;
73
fyf[kr esa izek.ki= nsa fd lfefr )kj fu/kkZfjr r;
le; ds Hkhrj ;s leL;k,a nwj dj yh tk;saxhA ;g lc
gyQukesa esa fyf[kr :ils fuf'pr djrs gq, gyQukek
pkj lIrkg ds Hkhrj dksVZ ess mijksDr lLFkkvksa }kjk
nkf[ky dj fy;k tkuk pkfg,A rhuksa laxBuksa dks funsZf'kr
fd;k tkrk gS fd os vius lHkh nLrkost fuEu izdkj ls
lfefr ds le{k nkf[ky djsa %
¼i½ fd deZpkfj;ksa dh ukekoyh esa ntZ lHkh deZpkfj;ksa
dks lqj{kk midj.k eqgS;k djk;s tk;saxsA
¼ii½ Ukkekoyh eas lekfgr lHkh deZpkfj;ksa dks izkfoMsaV QaM
iznku fd;k tk;s
¼iii½ Ukkekoyh eas lekfgr lHkh deZpkfj;ksa dks jkstxkj
dkMZ fn, tk,a
¼iv½ U;k;ky; ds dgs vuqlkj lafonk ij j[ks x;s
deZpkfj;ksa dk LokLF; ijh{k.k djk;k tk jgk gS rFkk
LokLF; ijh{k.k ls lacaf/kr nLrkost ;kfpdkdrkZ la?k
dks Hkh iznku fd, tk,aAß
10- vihydrkZ ds fo}ku odhy] ftUgsa jk"Vªh; jkt/kkuh {ks=
fnYyh ds odhyksa dk] ,uMh,elh rFkk MhMh, dk ijks{k
leFkZu izkIr Fkk] us cgl ds nkSjku dgk fd U;k;ky; }kjk
fn;k x;k mijksDr vkns'k jí gksus okyk gS] D;kasfd igys
fojks/kh i{k dh nkf[ky ;kfpdk dks lquokbZ djrs gq, tks
fd loZtu fgr dh eqdnesckth esa dh x;h Fkh rFkk 2008-2008 rFkk 21-04-2009 dks fn;s x;s vkns'k ikl djds
mPp U;k;ky; us blds vf/kdkj {ks= ds vuqPNsn 226
74
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
dh vogsyuk dh gS rFkk jkT; dh fo/kk;h 'kfDr;ksa dks
gM+i fn;k gSA fo}ku odhyksa us U;k;ky; }kjk tkjh nksuksa
vkns'kksa dk lanHkZ xzg.k dj rFkk muesa fufgr fn'kkfunsZ'kkas
ij cgl dh fd mPp U;k;ky; ds vf/kdkj {ks= esa ugha gS
fd og Bsdsnkj o vihydrkZ ds vuqca/k ds fu;e o 'krksZa
dks cny nsA fo}ku vf/koDrk us vkxs crk;k fd mPp
U;k;ky; us ,d xaHkhj xyrh vihydrkZ dks ;g funsZf'kr
djds dj dj nh fd og deZpkfj;ksa ds ifjokjksa dks
eqvkotk iznku djs cxSj ;g tkus o bl rF; dh mis{kk
djrs gq, fd os etnwj rks eSllZ vkjLksYQ fef'kxu&tsoh
ds }kjk j[ks x;s Fks ftUgsa fpfM+;k?kj {ks= esa iquZokl dk
dke lkSaik x;k Fkk] odhyksa us tksj nsdj dgk fd 'krks±
ds vk/kkj ij lhojksa dh lQkbZ esa yxs gq, deZpkfj;ksa dks
lqj{kk midj.k eqgS;k djkus dh iwjh ftEesnkjh Bsdsnkj
dh gksrh gS vkSj Bsdsnkj dh ykijokgh ;fn dksbZ gS rks
mlds fy, vihydrkZ dks Bsdsnkj dh ykijokgh] ;fn
gks] ds fy, ftEesnkj ugha Bgjk;k tk ldrk gSA fo}ku
odhy us fQj 18-4-2009 dks Bsdsnkj }kjk nkf[ky fd;s
x;s gyQukes ij ppkZ djrs gq, dgk fd lHkh lqj{kk
midj.k viuh&viuh txg ij miyC/k djk;s x;s Fks
vkSj crk;k fd vihydrkZ vkSj vU; futh laLFkkvksa dks
bu gksus okyh vkdfLed ekSrkas ds fy, ftEesnkj ugha
Bgjk;k tk ldrk gSA vUr esa fo}ku odhy us cgl
djrs gq, vius fopkj j[krs gq, dgk fd ;fn blds ckn
mPp U;k;ky; dks yxrk gS fd nq?kZVuk esa ekjs tkus okys
yksxksa ds uqdlku dh HkjikbZ djus dh iwjh ftEesnkjh
vihydrkZ o futh laLFkkvksa dh gS rks vihydrkZ vkSj
fnYyh fodkl izkf/kdj.k ds mPp vf/kdkfj;ksa dks vnkyr
dh voekuuk ,DV 1971 ¼la{ksi esa 1971 ,DV½ bl 20-82008 esa lekfgr funsZ'kksa ds rFkkdfFkr mYya?ku ds rkSj
fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l
vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU;
ij izLrkfor izkFkfed dk;Zokgh ds rkSj ij dkj.k crkvks
uksfVl tkjh ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
11- fo}ku ofj"B vf/koDrk Jh dkWfyu xksUlkfYol tks fd
izfroknh la[;k&,d ds i{k esa is'k gq;s] us U;k;ky; }kjk
tkjh izfrokfnr vkns'k esa vihydrkZ vkSj jkT; dh vU;
,tsfUl;ksa ds }kjk tksf[keHkjk dke djus ds fy, ukSdjh ij
j[ks x;s deZpkfj;ksa dh lqj{kk gsrq fn;s x;s fn'kkfunZs'kksa
dk leFkZu fd;k fd ;s yksx ihfM+rksa dks eqvkotk nsus
dh viuh ftEesnkfj;ksa ls dsoy blfy, ihNk ugha NqM+k
ldrs fd mu yksxksa dks lhojksa ds j[kj[kko dk dke
rhljh laLFkk ds ek/;e ls djk;k tk jgk FkkA fo)ku
ofj"B vf/koDrk us vkxs dgk fd vihydrkZ okLro esa
mPp U;k;ky; }kjk fn;s x;s eqvkots ds funsZ'k ls O;fFkr
ugha gS] cfYd 1971 ,DV ds vUrxZr lhbZvks ij dk;Zokgh
ds fy, tkjh fd;s x;s uksfVl ls nq%[kh gSA mUgksaus dgk
fd vnkyr dks vihydrkZ dh leL;kvksa dks bl rjg ds
funsZ'kksa ds lkFk gy ugha djuk pkfg, D;ksafd lacaf/kr i{k
1971 ,DV dh /kkjk 2 ¼ch½ ds vUrZxr Li"V dj ldrk gS
fd mlds }kjk U;k;ky; dh voekuuk ugha dh x;h gSA
12- fo}ku vf/koDrk }kjk dh x;h ftjg ls fuEu rhu iz'u
gekjs fopkj ds fy, mBrs gSa %
¼1½ D;k mPp U;k;ky; us izfroknh la[;k&,d }kjk
tufgr ;kfpdk ds :i esa nk;j ;kfpdk izfrokfn;ksa
dks vius deZpkfj;ksa dks lqj{kk midj.k eqgS;k djkus
75
ds fy, dkjxj dne mBkus o nq?kZVukvks esa ekjs x;s
lhoj deZpkfj;ksa ds ifjokjksa dks eqvkotk nsus ds
fy, izHkko'kkyh ekunaM cukus ds fy, funsZf'kr djds
U;k;laxr QSlyk fy;k\
¼2½ D;k mPp U;k;ky; ds funsZ'k jkT; dh dk;Zdkjh
'kfDr;ksa dk gj.k djus ds leku gS\ esa dgk x;k gS
oS/kkfud 'kfDr;ksa dks gM+ik x;k vkSj\
¼3½ D;k mPp U;k;ky; e`r deZpkfj;ksa ds ifjokjksa dks
eqvkotk nsus laca/kh varfje funsZ'k tkjh djus ds fy,
l{ke gS\
iz'u la[;k&,d
13 izkjEHk esa ;g vuqfpr /kkj.kk lekIr dh tkuh t:jh
gS fd lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ lewgksa] ,fDVfoLV~l] etnwj
vkSj Lo;alsoh laLFkkvksa }kjk nk;j dh x;h ;kfpdkvksa
dks & tks mu yksxksa dh leL;kvksa dks mtkxj djus ds
fy, nk;j dh x;h gksa tks xjhch] vf'k{kk vkSj mis{kk
rFkk oSls gh vU; nwljh leL;kvksa ds dkj.k lafo/kku esa
fu/kkZfjr dkuwuh vf/kdkjksa ds vuq:i lqj{kk dh ekax ugha
dj ldrs rFkk jkT; laLFkkvksa] ,tsfUl;ksa rFkk vU; ,slh
laLFkkvksa vkSj ;gka rd fd O;fDr;ksa ds dk;ks± o Hkwyksa ds
dkj.k lc ncs :Ik esa lgu djrs jgrs gSaA ;g Hkh fd
cM+s U;k;ky;ksa us vius vfyf[kr dk;Z{ks= dh lhekvksa dks
c<k fn;k gSA tc Hkkjr dk lafo/kku viuk;k x;k Fkk
76
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
rc Hkkjr dks izHkqlÙkk laiUu yksdrkaf=d x.kjkT; cukus
dk ladYi fy;kA ns'k ds lHkh ukxfjdksa dks lkekftd]
vkfFkZd ,oa jktuhfrd U;k; fnykus ds lkFk gh vfHkO;fDr
dh Lora=rk] vkLFkk] fo'okl vkSj bZ'koanuk dh Lora=rk
dh Hkh O;oLFkk dh x;h FkhA blds vykok lkekftd Lrjksa
o voljksa esa dksbZ HksnHkko ugha fd;k x;k FkkA blds lkFk
gh lekt ds lHkh oxks± ds chp HkkbZpkjs dks c<kok nsus vkSj
lkFk&LkkFk O;fDr fo'ks"k dh e;kZnk vkSj ns'k dh ,drk
vkSj v[k.Mrk dh Hkh dkeuk dh x;h FkhA
14 lafo/kku dh izLrkouk esa fu/kkZfjr fd;s x;s mn~ns';ksa dh
iwfrZ ds fy, lafo/kku fuekZrkvksa us lkFk gh ukxfjdksa ds
ewy vf/kdkjksa dks Hkkx&III esa ,df=r djds ewy vf/kdkjksa
ds uke ls ukekafdr fd;kA lkFk gh jkT; ds uhfr
funsZ'kd rRoksa dh Hkh O;oLFkk dh x;h ftudks dksbZ
U;k;ky; fØ;kfUor ugha dj ldrk ij ns'k ds lq'kklu
esa ewyrRo gSa vkSj jkT; Hkkx&IV esa fn;s x;s fl)karksa ds
vuqlkj dkuwu cukus ds fy, ck/; gSA vuqPNsn&38 tks
iqu% Øekafdr djds DykWt ¼1½ ds uke ls lafo/kku ds 44oas
la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e] 1978 ds tfj;s la'kksf/kr fd;k x;kA
blds vUrZxr ?kks"k.kk dh x;h fd jkT; izHkkoiw.kZ <ax ls
lkekftd O;oLFkk cuk;sxk ftlesa lkekftd] vkfFkZd ,oa
jktuhfrd U;k; reke ukxfjdksa dks feys lHkh laLFkkvksa
dks bldh tkudkjh iwjs ns'k dks nsuh gksxhA ;g gkykafd
lkekftd O;oLFkk ds rkSj ij gh gks ldrk gSA bl vuqPNsn
dh DykWt&¼2½ Hkh blh la'kksf/kr ,DV ds }kjk fufeZr dh
x;hA ;g ?kksf"kr djrh gS fd jkT; fo'ks"k :Ik ls dekbZ esa
fo"kerk dks de djus vkSj O;kIr vlekurk dks nwj djus
rFkk lqfo/kkvksa vkSj voljksa dks u dsoy izR;sd O;fDr rd
cfYd vyx&vyx oxks± ds vyx&vyx txgksa ij jgus
okys yksxkas ds chp vyx&vyx O;olk;ksa esa yxs yksxksa
rd igqapkus dk vius Lrj ij iz;kl djsxkA vuqPNsn 39
¼bZ½ ds vuqlkj jkT; dks fo'ks"kdj ;g lqfuf'pr djuk
gksxk fd og etnwjksa dh tkueky ls lacaf/kr] efgyk o
iq#"k ls lacaf/kr uhfrfu;eksa dk funsZ'ku djsxk rFkk lkFk
gh bl ckr dk Hkh [k;ky j[ksxk fd cPps izHkkfor u gksa
rFkk ns'k ds ukxfjd ,sls O;olk; esa vkus ds fy, ck/;
u gkas tks muds eqrkfcd u gksA vuqPNsn 39 ¼,½] tks
fd 1976 ,DV esa ¼42 os la'kks/ku½ ds ckn cuk;k x;k]
fu/kkZfjr djrk gS fd jkT; dks lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg,
fd U;k; dks c<+kok nsus okyh dkuwu O;oLFkk lqpk# :Ik
ls pyrh jgs] fo'ks"kdj mi;qDr dkuwu vkSj ;kstuk vFkok
fdlh vU; iz;kl dkuwuh lqfo/kk fu'kqYd iznku dh tk
jgh gS ;k ugha ;g ns[ksA ;g Hkh lqfuf'pr gks fd U;k;
dks cpk;s j[kus gsrq voljksa dks fdlh Hkh ukxfjd ds fy,
fdlh vkfFkZd vkSj fdlh vU; deh dh otg ls udkjk
ugha tkuk pkfg,A vuqPNsn 42 ds vuqlkj jkT; ukxfjdksa
ds fy, ekuoh; ifjfLFkfr;ka vkSj ekr`Ro lqdwu iznku dh
O;oLFkk djuk funsZf'kr djrk gSA
fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l
vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU;
15- fiNys 63 o"kZ esa lalan ,oa jkT; fo/kku eaMyksa us
lafo/kku dh izLrkouk esa fu/kkZfjr mn~ns';kaas dh iwfrZ
ds fy, vusd dkuwu cuk;s ysfdu mudk dk;kZUo;u
ukdkQh] f'kfFky ,oa lqLr jgkA bu fo/kkueaMyksa }kjk
fd;s x;s dY;k.kdkjh mik; lekt ds yk[kksa xjhc]
innfyr ,o ykHkoafpr yksxksa rd ugha igqap ik;s
tks fd mu yksxksa] ftuds ikl ;g lc gS o ftuds
ikl ugha gS] ds chp cuh [kk;h dks ikVus ds fy,
fo/kkueaMyksa esa bu dkuwuksa dk vkfoHkkZo fd;k x;k
Fkk tks fd iw.kZr% ykxw ugha gks ldkA bldk lcls
nq%[kn igyw ;g jgk gS fd tc Hkh la?k ds rhu
[kacksa esa ls ,d ?kVd ;kuh U;k;ikfydk }kjk tc
Hkh mu yksxksa ds fgr ds fy, ftUgsa ;s izkIr ugha gSa
vkSj tks dsoy xjhch] vf'k{kk vkSj mis{kkiw.kZ O;oLFkk
ls izHkkfor gq, gS] muds i{k esa tc lekurk] Lor=rk
,o thou ls lacf/kr dksbZ dkuwu cuk;k tkrk gS rFkk
mls fØzz;kfUor djus dk vkns'k tkjh fd;k tkrk gS rks
twMhf'k;y ,fDVfoTe bR;kn ds os"k esa cgl 'kq: gks
tkrh gS vkSj detksj oxZ ds yksxksa ds fgr ds fy, tkjh
vkns'k cM+s U;k;ky;ksa esa pqukSrh ds ik= cu tkrs gSaA bl
izdkj ds T;knkrj eqdnesckth djus dk dkj.k dsoy mu
xjhc yksxksa ds fgrksa dks nckuk gS] ftUgsa okLro esa budh
vko';drk gSA
16- bl U;k;ky; us ckj&ckj lekt ds detksj oxks± ds
vf/kdkjksa ds fy, ;kfpdk,a nk;j fd;s tkus dks egRo
77
fn;k gSA ihiYl ;wfu;u QkWj MseksØsfVd jkbV~l cuke
Hkkjrh; la?k ¼1942½3 ,llhlh 235 esa bl U;k;ky; us
dgk %
Þge tksj nsdj ;g dguk pkgrs gSa fd tufgr esa gksus
okyh eqdnesckth & tks dkuwuh lgk;rk vkanksyu dk
j.kuhfrd gfFk;kj gS vkSj ftldk mís'; U;k; dks
xjhc turk dh igqap ds Hkhrj ykuk gS] ,slh xjhc
turk tks iwjh ekuork esa cgqr de fn[kk;h nsrh gS
& fcYdqy fHkUu izdkj dh eqdnesckth gS] vFkkZr
ikjaifjd eqdnesckth ls fcYdqy fHkUuA ikjaifjd
eqdnesckth esa rks izfr}a}rk gs] elyu nks i{kksa esa
eqdnesckth gksrh gS] ftlesa nkos fd;s tkrs gSa ;k
78
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
jkgr pkfg, gksrh gSA yksdfgr ds vUrZxr vkus okys
eqdnes U;k;ky; ds le{k dsoy blfy, ugha yk;s
tkrs fd og ,d O;fDr ds vf/kdkj dks nwljs ij
ykxw djs tSlk fd lkekU; eqdnekas esa gksrk gS( cfYd
bu eqdneksa ds ihNs yksxks dh #fp dks cpkus o
c<kok nsus dh ea'kk gksrh gS fd cMh la[;k esa tks
yksx] xjhc gSa] misf{kr gSa rFkk lkekftd o vkfFkZd
:i ls fiNM+s gSa] os yksx dkuwuh ,oa laoS/kkfud
vf/kdkjksa ls oafpr o misf{kr u jg tk;saA ,slk u
gks rks dkuwu dk 'kklu QyhHkwr u gksxk fdlh Hkh
yksdrkaf=d O;oLFkk esaA dkuwu lEer O;oLFkk ls
gekjk rkRi;Z ;g ugha gS fd dkuwu dh lqj{kk dsoy
dqN HkkX;'kkyh yksxksa dks gh gksuh pkfg,A ;g Hkh ugha
gksuk pkfg, fd fufgr LokFkhZ rRo dkuwu dks os';k
cukdj oSlk gh O;ogkj djsa ;kuh vius flfoy vkSj
jktuhfrd vf/kdkjksa dh vkM+ esa ;FkkfLFkfr cuk,
j[ksaA oLrqr% xjhcksa dks Hkh ukxfjdksfpr ,oa jktuhfrd
vf/kdkj izkIr gSa vkSj dkuwu muds fy, Hkh gS gkykafd
orZeku esa ;g dsoy dkxtksa rd gh fleV dj jg x;k gS
rFkk okLrfodrk blds foijhr gSA tc phuh ds O;kikfj;ksa
o 'kjkc m|ksxifr;ksa dks ewy vf/kdkj vius O;olk;ksa dks
QSykus o turk dk 'kks"k.k dj viuk /ku lap; c<kus
gsrq izkIr gSa] rc Pkekj dgs tkus okyh tkfr ds yksx bl
lekt ds lcls uhps rcds ls gksus ij Hkh mUgsa vius
[kwu&ilhus dh dekbZ ds ckn Hkh bTtr dh ftanxh thus
dk vf/kdkj D;kaas izkIr ugha gS\ mPp oxZ ds yksxksa ds
ewy vf/kdkjksa dk tjk lk Hkh guu gksrk gS rks os lekt
esa izfrf"Br odhyksa] dkuwuh lykgdkjksa & ftUgsa fd 4 ls
5 vadksa esa Qhl dk Hkqxrku fd;k tkrk gS & mUgas ysdj
vius ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa dks cpkus gsrq [kM+s gks tkrs gSA
vkSj ;fn ewy vf/kdkjksa dh vogsyuk dh vkM+ esa muds
'kks"k.k djus ds vf/kdkjksa ij vkap ugha vkrh gS rks mudh
cgknqjh] lkgl Lora=rk vkSj fuMjrk ds fy, U;k;ky;ksa
dh iz'kalk dh tkrh gSA ysfdu ;fn xjhc] lrk;s gq, yksxksa
rFkk vU;k; ls ihfM+r yksxksa ds vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk gsrq
tufgr ;kfpdk nk;j dh tkrh gS rks rFkkdfFkr dkuwu ds
fonwf"k;ksa dh R;ksfj;ka p< tkrh gSa vkSj os muds ekeyksa ij
dk;Zokgh dks dherh le; u"V djuk gh ekurs gSaA blds
vykok ;s Lo;aHkw ekuo vf/kdkjh dk;ZdrkZ Hkwy tkrs gSa
fd ukxfjd ,oa jktuhfrd vf/kdkj xjhc yksxksa ds fy,
gSa gh ughaA cM+h la[;k esa iq#"k&efgyk,] cPps tks gekjh
tula[;k dk ,d cMk fgLlk gSa BsB xjhch esa gh thrs gSa
os vekuoh; fLFkfr;ksa esa jg jgs gSaA mUgsa lkekftd vkSj
vkfFkZd O;oLFkk esa dksbZ fo'okl ugha jg x;k gSA
yksdfgr dh eqdnesckth dk tgka rd vFkZ le> esa vkrk
gS] ;g ;kfpdkdrkZ dh vksj ls lg;ksx vkSj lkeatL;
dh dksf'k'kksa dk Qy gSA jkT; vFkok yksd izkf/kdj.k
vkSj U;k;ky; pkfg, fd detksj vkSj oafpr oxks± rd
laoS/kkfud vkSj dkuwuh vf/kdkj igqaps vkSj lkFk gh vU;
ykHk vkSj fo'ks"kkf/kdkjA bu oxks± rd lkekftd U;k; Hkh
igqapsA jkT; vFkok yksd izkf/kdj.k] ftlds f[kykQ Hkh
tufgr ;kfpdk vk;s] bUgsa lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd :i ls
detksj rcdksa ds ewy ekuokf/kdkjksa rFkk dkuwuh vf/kdkjksa
dks lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg,A jkT; vkSj yksd izkf/kdj.k
fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l
vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU;
79
ds fy, gh ugha cfYd ns'k ds mu yk[kksa yksxksa ds fy, Hkh
gSa tks xjhc] v/kuaxs&Hkw[ks] fodykax o ewyHkwr lsokvksa ls
jfgr gSa rFkk ftuds ikl mijksDr lHkh lqfo/kk,a] tks fd
laiUu oxZ ds ikl gSa] ekStwn ugha gSaA vc rd U;k;ky;
dsoy mPpdqyhu jbZl yksxksa ds vf/kdkjksa ds nks"k fuokj.k
ds fy, gh iz;ksx gksrs vk;s gSaA vHkh rd dsoy fxus&pqus
oxks± ds yksx gSa tks viuh #fp;ksa dh j{kk ds fy, vnkyr
esa tkrs jgs gSaA
bR;kfn dks rks ,sls dk;ks± dk Lokxr djuk pkfg, D;ksafd
;g mUgsa volj iznku djrk gS lekt ds detksj oxks± ds
yksxks ds lkFk gq;s vU;k; dks U;k; esa cnyus dkA jkT;
vFkok yksd izkf/kdj.k dk eq[; mn~ns'; detksj rcdksa
vkSj leqnk;ksa dk dY;k.k lqfuf'pr djuk vko';d :i
ls gSA
dqN i=dkjksa] odhyksa o vke yksxksa esa ;g xyr /kkj.kk
gS fd yksdfgr ds eqdnes vuko';d :ils yafcr iMs+
ekeyksa dh Qkbyksa ds <sj dks c<krs gSaA vr% bl izdkj ds
yksdfgr ds eqdneksa dks vnkyr ds }kjk izksRlkfgr ugha
fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ge yksxksa dh ekufldrk ,slh cu
pqdh gS fd tSlk gS Bhd gSA os yksx tks yksdfgr eqdneksa
dh fuUnk djrs gS] mUgsa ns[kdj ,slk ugha yxrk fd os
;g Lohdkj djuk pkgrs gSa fd U;k;ky; dsoy vehj oxZ]
tehnkjksa vkSj O;olkf;;ksa] o vkS|ksfxd {ks= ds cMs+ yksxksa
vHkh rd ;s /kuoku yksx gh os yksx jgs gSa ftuds ikl
U;k; izkIr djus dh lksus dh pkch igqap ik;h gSA fdlh
Hkh jkT; dks ;g vf/kdkj izkIr ugha gSa fd og vius
ukxfjdksa dks muds eqdnesa ysus ls ;g dgrs gq;s euk dj
ns fd mlds ikl /kuoku o jbZl yksxksa ds yk[kkas ekeys
yafcr iMs gSa tc rd mu ekeyksa dk fuiVkjk u gks tk;
rc rd muds eqdneksa dks Lohdkj ugha fd;k tk;sxkA
vc le; vk x;k gS tc bl ns'k dh vnkyrksa dks xjhc
turk dh vnkyrksa esa ifjofrZr gks tkuk pkfg,A mUgsa
viuh orZeku fLFkfr] tSlh os igys gh LFkkfir dj pqds
gSa] ds ckjs esa ifjfpr djk;k tkuk pkfg, fd fdl izdkj
Hkkjr dh tula[;k ds ,d cM+s fgLls dks U;k; dh t:jr
gSA tks ihf<+;ksa ls bl ns'k ds mPp oxZ ds }kjk mudks
fn;s tkus ls udkjk x;k gSA mUgsa ;g Lohdkj dj ysuk
pkfg, fd Hkkjrh; lafo/kku dk eq[; mn~ns'; lekt dks
U;k; fnykus dk gS vkSj ;g lafo/kku ds vUrZxr U;k;ky;ksa
dk drZO; gS fd os xjhc rFkk misf{kr rcdksa dks lfØ;rk
ls U;k; fnykus esa enn djsa rFkk lafo/kku ds ewyHkwr
mn~ns';kas dks le>saA
¼tksj nsdj dgk x;k gS½
80
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
17- gqlSuvkjk [kkrwu ¼IV½ cuke fcgkj ljdkj ¼1980½ 1
,llhlh 98
U;k;ewfrZ Ikh,u Hkxorh ¼rRdkyhu in/kkjh½ ds vuqlkj %
Þvkt nqHkkZX;iw.kZ <ax ls gekjh U;k;O;oLFkk esa ls xjhcksa
dks ckgj fudky fn;k x;k gS vkSj ifj.kkeLo:i ;s
yksxk U;k;O;oLFkk ls viuk fo'okl [kks jgs gSaA mudk
;g fo'okl Hkh de gks jgk gS fd U;k;O;oLFkk muds
thou dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ifjorZu yk ldrh gS vkSj mUgsa
U;k; Hkh fnyk ldrh gSA xjhc ges'kk ls dkuwu O;oLFkk
ds laidZ esa vkus ij xyr vksj gh jgs gSaA os ges'kk ^ykW
vko n iwvj* ds ctk; ^ykW QkWj n iwvj* gh le>rs jgs
gSaA U;k; dks mUgksaus dqN bl rjg ls le>k gS tks dqN
jgL;e;h T;knk gSA tks dqN NksM+usokyh oLrq gS vkSj tks
ges'kk muls dqN&u&dqN Nhudj nwj ys tkrh gSA muds
fy, ;g O;oLFkk ldkjkRed vkSj jpukRed lkekftd
vkStkj ds :i esa izdV ugha gksrh tks lkekftd vkfFkZd
vk/kkj dks cnys vkSj muds thou dh ifjfLFkfr;ka cny ns
mUgsa vf/kdkj vkSj ykHk miyC/k djkdjA ifj.kkeLo:i]
dkuwu iz.kkyh esa detksj rcdksa dk fo'okl ugha jg x;k
gSAß
18- jryke uxj ifj"kn cuke c/khZpku ¼1980½4 ,llhlh
162
U;k;ewfrZ Ñ".kk v¸;j ds vuqlkj %
Þ;g lp gS fd gekjh U;k;iz.kkyh esa dqN xaHkhj fo"k; bl
j.kuhfrd egRo dk cukrs gSa vkSj ge buls eq[kkfrc gksrs
gSaA gesa bUgsa roTtks nsuh pkfg,] pwafd ;s yksxksa ds U;k;
rd igqapus esa leL;k cu tkrs gSa--;fn U;k; dh /kqjh tSlk fd lafo/kku dh izLrkouk dgrh
gS& yksdl LVSaMkbZ ds ikjaifjd O;fDrokn ls tufgr
eqdnesckth ;kuh lkeqnkf;drk dh vksj f[kldrh gS rc
,sls fo"k;ksa ij ppkZ vko';d gS--xxx xxx xxx
vke vkneh dks yksdfgr dk;Zokgh esa D;ksa ?klhVk tk;\
tgka uhfr&funsZ'kd fl)kUr laoS/kkfud iz.kkyh esa funsZ'kd
dh Hkwfedk esa gSa] ogka U;k;ky; pqi ugha cSBsaxs vkSj
uxjikfydk ljdkj dks laoS/kkfud migkl ugha cuus
nsaxsA dkuwu rks fujarj ykxw fd;k tk,xk vkSj tc yksx
U;k; dh xqgkj yxk jgs gksa rc /ku dh deh gksus dks rdZ
ugha ekuk tk,xkAß
19- mRrjkapy ljdkj cuke cyoar flag pkSQky ¼2010½3
,llhlh 402 ds ekeysa esa bl U;k;ky; us yksdfgr
eqdneksa ij dkuwuh O;oLFkk ds vUrZxr ,oa ckgj bldh
xjhcksa dks Hkh ukxfjdksfpr ,oa
jktuhfrd vf/kdkj izkIr gSa vkSj
dkuwu muds fy, Hkh gS gkykafd
orZeku esa ;g dsoy dkxtksa rd
gh fleV dj jg x;k gS rFkk
okLrfodrk blds foijhr gS
fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l
vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU;
vkykspuk ds vusd igyqvksa ij fopkj fd;kA U;k;ewfrZ
nyohj HkaMkjh us bl /kkj.kk ij ,d lqcks/k fo'ys"k.k
fd;kA yksdfgr ds eqdnekas esa fuEufyf[kr rhu fLFkfr;ka
ik;h x;ha %
ÞQst&1% ;g bl U;k;y; ds mu eqdneks ls lacaf/kr gS
ftuesa lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 21 ds vUrZxr lekt ds mu
oafpr oxks± vkSj vR;ar xjhcksa] vf'kf{krksa vkSj misf{krksa ds
ewy vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk ds fy, vkns'k tkjh fd;s x;s Fks]
pwafd os Lo;a bl U;k;ky; vFkok mPp U;k;ky;ksa rd
ugha igqap ldrsA
Qst&2% ;g mu eqdneksa ls lacaf/kr gS tks Ik;kZoj.k j{kk]
okrkoj.k j{kk] leqnzh thou] taxyh thou] ioZrksa] ufn;ksa]
,sfrgkfld bekjrksa vkfn dh j{kk ls tqM+s gSaA
Qst&3% ;g 'kklu esa fo'oluh;rk o ikjnf'kZrk cuk;s
j[kus gsrq U;k;ky; ds vkns'kksa ls lacaf/kr gSA
izFke Qst dh izxfr dks ns[krs gq, rFkk cgqr ls iwoorhZ
ekeyksa vkSj nLrkostksa ds vk/kkj ij U;k;ky; fuEufyf[kr
fu"d"kZ ij igqapk %
Þge bu ekeyksa dks c<+kdj fu.kZ;ksa dks tfVy vkSj Hkkjh
ugha cukuk pkgrs gSaA ysfdu bu ekeyksa dk laf{kIr fooj.k
izLrqr djrk gS fd oafprksa] xjhcksa vkSj gkf'k;ksa ij iM+s
yksxksa ds ewyHkwr vf/kdkjksa dh lqj{kk vkSj laj{k.k ds fy,
U;k;ky;ksa us yksdl LVSaMkbZ ds ikjaifjd fu;eksa esa <+hy
nh gS rFkk ihfM+r O;fDr dh ifjHkk"kk dks vkSj foLrkj
fn;k gS rFkk blh ewy Hkkouk ds lkFk funsZ'k&vkns'k fn;s
gSaA ge bl dky ds mu ekeyksa dh rjQ vkidk /;ku
81
dsfUnzr djuk pkgsaxs tgka yksdl LVSaMkbZ ds fu;eksa dks
yksdfgr ds ekeyksa ds fy, lgh Bgjk;k x;k gSA loksZPp
U;k;ky; rFkk mPp U;k;ky;ksa us lrk;s oxZ ds yksxksa o
xjhc yksxksa ds ewy vf/kdkjksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, viuh
uohu dksf'k'kksa ds }kjk bu yksxksa dk vknj Hkko o fo'okl
gkfly fd;k gSAß
20- mijksDr fu.kZ; vihydrkZ dh vkifÙk;ksa dk iw.kZ mÙkj gSa
tks izfroknh la[;k&,d us fjV ;kfpdk dh esaVsaufofyVh
ij mBk;h gSaA mPp U;k;ky; us bl ;kfpdk ij lquokbZ
djds o lhojksa esa dke djus okys yksxksa ds fgr esa vkns'k
o fn'kkfunsZ'k tkjh ugha fd;k] cfYd ;g Hkh fl) dj
fn;k fd lekt ds xjhc o izrkfM+r rcds ds yksxksa dks Hkh
U;k; fnykuk ck/;dkjh gS vkSj ge ;gka rd dg ldrs gSa
fd muls Åij ds U;k;ky; ;fn viuk laoS/kkfud drZO;
iwjk djus esa l{ke ugha gksrs gSa ;k os lPps lkekftd
laxBuksa] ,uthvks rFkk lkekftd dk;ZdrkZvksa }kjk nk;j
dh x;h ;kfpdkvksa] tks fd lHkh yksxksa ds fy, ,d leku
rFkk tks lafo/kku esa fuf'Pkr rkSj ij ewy vf/kdkjksa ds uke
ls tkus tkrs gS] ij lquokbZ djrs gq, l{ke ugha gksxhA
jktuhfrd o iz'kklfud i{kksa dh rjg U;kf;d i{k dk
Hkh dÙkZO; gS fd izR;sd ukxfjd ds vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk gks
rkfd gj ukxfjd xfjek ds lkFk thou ;kiu dj ldsA
;fn fodYi fn;k tk; rks eSugksy esa tkdj lhojksa dh
lQkbZ djus ds fy, dksbZ Hkh O;fDr jkth ugha gksxk]
ysfdu dqN yksx blfy, etcwj gksdj bu [krjukd
82
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
eSugksyks esa tkdj lkQ&lQkbZ djrs gSa rkfd os dqN iSls
cukdj viuk o vius ifjokj dk Hkj.k iks"k.k dj ldsaA
os nwljs yksxksa ds vkjke ds fy, viuk thou nkao ij
yxk nsrs gSa] ysfdu nqHkkZX;o'k fiNys dqN n'kdksa ls 'kgjh
lekt dk /kuh oxZ mu yksxksa dh nqnZ'kk ds izfr] tks xjhch
feVkus ds fy, ,sls dke djus ij etcwj gS] laosnughu
gks pqds gSaA
lekt ds bl ¼/kuh½ rcds ds yksx ;g tkuuk Hkh ugha
pkgrs fd D;ksa fdlh dks bu lhojksa esa fcuk lqj{kk midj.kksa
ds izos'k djus ds fy, ck/; fd;k tkrk gSA os rc eqag eksM+
nsrs gSa tc eSugksy ¼lhoj dh lqjax½ esa e`r O;fDr ds 'kjhj
dks jLlh ;k Øsu dh enn ls ckgj fudkyk tkrk gSA ,sls
ifjn`'; esa vnkyrsa l{ke gh ugha] cfYd dkuwuh :i ls
ck/; gSa fd os [krjukd dke djus ds fy, ck/; gksus okys
yksxksa ds ekeyksa dk laKku ysaA og mu yksxksa ds thou
ls tqMdj tks yksx bl rjg ds tku tksf[ke fnu cgqr
gh nq%[kn o d#.kkiw.kZ gksxk tc Åaph vnkyrsa mu yksxksa
ds fy, vius njokts can dj nsaxh tks yksx fcuk fdlh
O;fDrxr LokFkZ ds ;k fdlh vU; otg ds xjhcksa] oafprksa
ds dkuwuh vkSj laoS/kkfud vf/kdkjksa dh lqfuf'pr ds fy,
vkxs vkrs gSa rFkk lqj{kk dh ekax djrs gSa tc U;k; iz.kkyh
dj pksjh dj ns'k ds [ktkus dks uqdlku igqapkus okys
yksxksa rFkk gR;k] cykRdkj] ngst gR;k] vigj.k djus
okyksa vkSj ;gka rd fd vkradoknh xfrfof/k;k djus okyksa
}kjk fu;qDr laHkzkr vf/koDrkvksa dks lquus esa ?kaVs] fnu
vkSj eghus yxk nsrh gSa] rc dqN le; ml cgqy lekt
dh f'kdk;rksa dks lquus ds fy, Hkh fn;k tkuk pkfg, tks
pqipki d"V >syrk gSA ;gka] bl cM+s oxZ dk izfrfuf/kRo
izfroknh la[;k&,d us fd;k gSA
mRrj 2%
21- ,sls mnkgj.k gSa tgka U;k;ky; us viuh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx
vuqPNsn 32 ¼vuqPNsn 142 ds lkFk½ ds vUrZxr fn'kkfunsZ'k
tkjh djrs gq, varj dks Hkjus dk dke fd;k gSA fo'kk[kk
cuke jktLFkku ljdkj ¼1997½6 ,llhlh] 241] fouhr
ukjk;.k cuke Hkkjrh; la?k ¼1998½] ,llhlh 226
vkSj Hkkjrh; la?k cuke ,lksfl,'ku QkWj MseksØsfVd
fjQkWElZ ¼2002½5 ,llhlh 294 dqN mnkgj.k gSa tks
vuqPNsn 32 ds vUrZxr vke ukxfjd ds ewy vf/kdkjksa dks
fØ;kfUor djus ls lacaf/kr gSaA fo'kk[kk cuke jktLFkku
jkT; ¼lqizk½ ds ekeys esa dqN lkekftd dk;ZdrkZvksa o
xSj&ljdkjh laLFkkvksa }kjk nk;j ewy vf/kdkjksa ds vUrZxr
vuqPNsn 14] 19] 21 esa dkedkth efgykvksa dh lqj{kk gsrq
ekax dh x;h FkhA
Þ11- dkuwu dh viqifLFkfr esa bu ewyHkwr vf/kdkjksa dks
lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 32 ds varxZr ykxw djus ds
fy, bl U;k;ky; dh ck/;rk dks U;k;ikfydk
dh Hkwfedk isbfpax LVsVesaV vkWo fizalhiYl vkWo n
babsisaMsal vkWo n twfMf'k;jh bu n yokfl;k jhtu
fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l
vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU;
ds vuq:i ns[kk tkuk pkfg,A isbfpax oDrO; esa
U;k;ikfydk ds mís'; bl izdkj gS %
U;k;ikfydk ds mnns';
10- U;k;ikfydk ds dk;Z vkSj mn~ns'; bl izdkj ls gS %
¼,½ lqfuf'pr djuk fd dkuwu ds jkt esa lHkh
O;fDr; lqjf{kr :i ls jgsa(
¼Ckh½ dkuwu ds mfpr nk;js ds vUnj ekuo vf/kdkjksa
dks c<+kok nsuk rFkk mUgsa gkfly djuk(
¼lh½ dkuwu dks O;fDr;ksa vFkok O;fDr o jkT; ds
chp HksnHkko ds fcuk lapkfyr djukAß
22- fouhr ukjk;.k cuke Hkkjr la?kjkT; ¼lqizk½ ds ekeys esa
dksVZ us O;oLFkk nh fd %
Þbl U;k;ky; dks lafo/kku }kjk iznÙk 'kfDr;ksa ds ek/;e
ls bl nq"izHkko dks nwj fd;k tk ldrk gS rFkk lekurk
ds vf/kdkj dks fØ;kfUor fd;k tk ldrk gSA
vuqPNsn 32 ^vuqPNsn 142 ds lkFk i<+rs gq;s] ,sls vkns'k
nsus ds fy, l{ke gS vkSj vuqPNsn 141 ds lkeF;Z ls reke
izkf/kdkfj;ksa dks bl U;k;ky; ds vkns'kksa ds vuq:i dk;Z
djus dk vf/kdkj ns jgk gS tks fd lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn
142 esa mfYyf[kr gSA
bl U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ;ksa ds laca/k esa ;g 'kfDr fu/kkZfjr
dh tkrh gS o iz;ksx dh tkrh gSA ;fn bldh vko';drk
gks rks og Hkh t:jh funsZ'kksa dks tkjh dj ;g varj ikVus
ds fy, ml le; rd tc rd fo/kkf;dk blesa 'kkfey
ugha gksrh bl varj dks [kRe djus vkSj bldk dk;Z
fu/kkZfjr djus ds fy,Aß
¼tksj nsdj½
83
23- Hkkjr la?k jkT; cuke ,lksfl,'ku QkWj MseksØsfVd
fjQkElZ ¼lqizk½ dh ;kfpdk esa bl U;k;ky; ls fnYyh
mPp U;k;ky; dh [kaMihB }kjk fof/k vk;ksx dh 170oha
fjiksVZ dh flQkfj'ksa ykxw djus ds fy, fn;s x;s funsZ'kksa
dh lPpkbZ ij[kus dk vkxzg fd;k FkkA fof/k bu funsZ'kksa
esa lq/kkj djrs le; U;k;ky; us O;oLFkk nh fd %
Þ45- vUrr% gekjs fopkj esa bl dksVZ ds ikl Ik;kZIr
'kfDr;ka gSa ftuds ek/;e ls og vk;ksx dks mfpr dkuwu
u gksus ds dkj.k dfe;ksa dks nwj djus ds fy, funsZf'kr dj
ldrk gSA U;k;ky; dk ekuuk gS fd {ks=ksa o yksxksa nksuksa
dks pqukoh mEehnokjksa ds fo"k; esa iwjh tkudkjh iznku
djus dh t:jr gS] rkfd os vius [kqn ds vkdyu ls ,d
O;fDr dk pquko dj ldsaA ;g iw.kZ:i ls dk;Zikfydk dk
84
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
mRrjnkf;Ro gS fd og ,fDtD;wfVo vkWMZj ls dfe;ksa dks
nwj djs D;ksafd dk;Zikfydk dk {ks= Hkh fo/kkf;dk ds leku
gh gS vkSj ogka ij tgka fdlh Hkh dkj.ko'k dk;Zikfydk
dh dksbZ Hkh dk;Zokgh gS] U;k;ikfydk dks vo'; chp
esa vkuk pkfg,A og Hkh laoS/kkfud izfrc)rk ds }kjk
iznku dh x;h 'kfDr;kas ds Ikz;ksx ds :Ik esaA og Hkh rc
rd tc rd fd fo/kkf;dk bl {ks= dks viuh lhek esa
ysus ds fy, mfpr dk;Zokgh vius Lrj ls ugha dj nsrh
gSA lkoZtfud thou esa de bZekunkjh gksus ds dkj.k
Hkz"Vkpkj ds vusd :iksa dks c<kok feyrk gSA blfy, ;fn
,d mEehnokj dks viuh ifr@iRuh] vkfJrksa] laifRr;k
¼py vFkok vpy½] dherh lktks&lkeku dh tkudkjh
lkoZtufd djus dk funsZ'k gksrk gS rks bldk Hkh viuk
egRo gSA bl U;k;ky; us fo'kk[kk cuke jktLFkku jkT;
dh ;kfpdk esa ;kSu mRihM+u ds ekeys dk fuiVkjk fd;k
ftlesa ;g mRihMu efgyk ds lkFk mlds dk;kZy; esa
fd;k x;k rFkk fo/kkf;dk dh vuqifLFkfr esa ftlesa ewy
vf/kdkjksa ds vUrZxr vkus okys ySafxad lekurk o thou
ds vf/kdkj dk mYya?ku gqvkA vr% isbfpax oDrO; ds
vUrZxr U;k;ikfydk dh Lora=rk o U;k;ikfydk ds varj
dh Hkh tkap dh tkuh pkfg,A fu.kZ; esa dgk x;k fd fn;s
x;s fn'kkfunsZ'kksa dh l[rh ds lkFk tkap dh tkuh pkfg,A
tc rd fd blls lacf/kr dkuwu dh O;oLFkk ugha gks
tkrh vkSj og bls vius vf/kdkj {ks= esa ugha ys ysrk gSA
bl orZeku ekeys esa dksbZ fu;e o dkuwu dh O;oLFkk ugha
gS fd os oksV nsus okyh turk dks ekaxh x;h o vko';d
tkudkjh iznku djsaA tSlk fd igys dgk tk pqdk gS fd
;g dsl fouhr ukjk;.k dsl ij gh vk/kkfjr gS tgka ij
dksVZ us lhchvkbZ rFkk dsUnzh; lrZdrk vk;ksx ¼lhohlh½
dks vko';d fn'kkfunsZ'k fn;s Fks] pwafd ;gka dkuwu O;oLFkk
dks ykxw djus okyk dksbZ mfpr dkuwu ugha FkkAß
24- mijksDr fu.kZ; esa fufgr eq[; ckrksa ds vk/kkj ij gesa
tkjh fn'kkfunsZ'kksa ds vk/kkj ij gq;h cgl dks [kkfjt
djus esa dksbZ fgpfdpkgV ugha gS fd mPp U;k;ky; us
jkT; dh fo/kk;h 'kfDr;ksa dks vius esa lekfgr dj fn;k
FkkA mPp U;k;ky; us dsoy bruk gh fd;k gS fd os yksx
tks fuf'Pkr :Ik ls tksf[keHkjk dke dj jgs gSa mUgsa thou
j{kd ;a= eqgS;k djk;s tkus pkfg, rFkk ekfydksa dks muds
LokLF; dh lqj{kk dk [k;ky j[kuk pkfg,A
jkT; vkSj bldh ,tsfUl;ka] dk;Znk;h laLFkk,a lhojksa dh
lQkbZ ls tqMs etnwjksa ds fy, izHkko'kkyh e'khuh midj.kksa
dks miyC/k djkus ls viuk ihNk ugha NqM+k ldrh gSaA
etnwj tks eSugksy ¼lhojksa½ esa dke djrsa gS mUgsa jkscksV
dh Hkkafr ugha le>k tkuk pkfg, fd mu ij lhojksa ds
vUnj tgjhyh xSlksa dk vlj ugha gks ldrkA u jkT;
u izkf/kdj.k o dk;Znk;h laLFkk,a ;k Bsdsnkj lHkh bl
laoS/kkfud izfrc)rk ds vUrZxr vkrs gSa fd os bl izdkj
ds dk;ks± esa yxs yksxksa dh lqj{kk dh ftEesnkjh ysaxsA vr%
euethZ vkSj vuqca/kh; Lora=rk dk rdZ vihydrkZ ds i{k
esa ugha gSA fygktk izfroknh la[;k&,d }kjk mBk;s x;s
elyksa dk izfrokn djus dh ;ksX;rk ugha gSA
fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l
vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU;
iz'u&rhu
25- vc gesa fopkj djuk gS fd mPp U;k;ky; }kjk e`rdksa
ds ifjokj okyksa dks fn;k x;k eqvkotk nsus laca/kh vkns'k
rdZlaxr Fkk ;k ughaA vkjaHk esa gh ge ,sls lkoZtfud
izkf/kdj.k ls vlgefr trkrs gSa tks ;gka ;kfpdkdrkZ gS(
ftlus dkuwuh izfØ;k dk mi;ksx izfroknh la[;k&,d
}kjk ,sls yksxksa ds ejus ds ,sot esa eqvkotk ikus dh
dksf'k'kksa dks fujk'k fd;k tks yksx Bsdsnkjksa dh mis{kk ds
dkj.k lhojksa dh j[kokyh dk dke djrs gq, ej x;s FksA
ge viuh ukjktxh blfy, Hkh tkfgj djrs gSa fd mPp
U;k;ky; us dsoy Ms<+ yk[k ls 2-25 yk[k #i;s dh
rqPN jkf'k dk eqvkotk ihfM+r ifjokjksa dks Hkqxrku ds fy,
Ik;kZIr le>k o ekfydkas dks funsZf'kr fd;kA mnkgj.k
ds fy, #nqy 'kkg cuke fcgkj jkT; ¼1983½ ,llhlh
141 [kkl eqdnek gS ftlesa U;k;ky; us vuqPNsn 32 ds
vUrZxr viuh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;kA bl ekeys esa
,d O;fDr dks xSjdkuwuh :Ik ls fgjklr esa j[kk x;k FkkA
fn;s x;s fu.kZ; ds iSjk 9 o 10 esa] tks bl ckr dh otgsa
crkrs gSa fd fdl izdkj iqjkus fu;e ls ckgj ns[kus dh
t:jr gS fd fdl izdkj ,d O;fDr dks ,d lkoZtfud
laLFkku dh mis{kk ls misf{kr O;fDr {kfriwfrZ gsrq vthZ
nkf[ky vkosnu dj ldrk gS] tks bl izdkj gS %
Þ9- ;g lR; gS fd vuqPNsn 32 vf/kdkjksa vkSj izfrc)
rkvksa ds fodYi ds rkSj ij mruh izHkko'khyrk ls
85
ykxw ugha fd;k tk ldrk ftruk fd dksVZ] flfoy
,o fØfeuy dksVZ ds }kjk ykxw fd;k tk ldrk
gSA ij] /kujkf'k ds nkos dk eqdnek NksVh ls NksVh
vnkyr esa Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA ysfdu] egRoiw.kZ
iz'u ;g mBrk gS fd vuqPNsn 32 ds vUrZxr vius
vf/kdkj {ks= esa eqvkots dh vnk;xh ds fy, ;g
U;k;ky; vkns'k tkjh dj ldrk gS\ ,slk vkns'k tks
ewy vf/kdkjksa ds guu ds ifj.kke Lo:i fn;k x;k
gksA
10- ge rdZ dks udkj ugha ldrsA gesa dksbZ mfpr
mÙkj Hkh ugha fn[krk gSA ;kfpdkdrkZ pkgs rks og
jkT; ljdkj ls uqdlku dh HkjikbZ dh ekax dj
ldrk gSA [kq'kh dh ckr gS fd ljdkj ds odhy us
bl vkifÙk ugha dh gSA ;kfpdkdrkZ dk lh/ks&lh/ks
njfdukj fd;k tkrk Fkk ;fn {kfriwfrZ dk nkok
fooknkLin gksrk vkSj blh ifjiz{; esa flfoy dksVZ
mlds nkos dh iqf"V djrk Hkh ;k ughaA ysfdu] blesa
dksbZ lansg ugha gS fd ;fn ;kfpdkdrkZ viuk nkok
{kfriwfrZ ds fy, djrk gS fd mls xSjdkuwuh rkSj
ij j[kk x;k Fkk rks bl nkos ds vUrZxr fu.kZ; rks
tkjh gksuk gh pkfg,A gkykafd lcwrksa ds vHkko esa
vHkh ls ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk vkSj ;g fd fdruh
jkf'k ds Hkqxrku dk funsZ'k gksxkA bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa
;kfpdkdrkZ ds i{k esa bl dksVZ dk eqvkots ds fy,
vkns'k tkjh djus ls badkj djuk mlds Lora=rk
ds vf/kdkj] ftldk fd jkT; ljdkj us iwjh rjg
ls mYya?ku fd;k gS] mlds fy, dsoy fn[kkoVh gh
gksxkA ;fn vuqPNsn 21] tks thou o Lora=rk ds
86
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
vf/kdkj ds fy, gS] viuh xfjek [kks nsxk] ;fn ;g
U;k;ky; dsoy xSjdkuwuh <ax ls fgjklr ls NksM+s
tkus ek= ds fy, vkns'k tkjh djsA vuqPNsn 21 ds
vuqikyu dk ,d vkSj rjhdk gS fd eqvkotk nsus
laca/kh funsZ'k ds mYya?ku ds fy, tqekZuk yxk;k
tk;A iz'kklfud lsysjksfll dh otg ls tc ewyHkwr
vf/kdkjksa dk mYya?ku gksrk gS rc mUgsa djus ds
fy, U;k; iz.kkyh ds ikl dksbZ nwljh fof/k miyC/k
ugha gSA {kfriwfrZ dk vf/kdkj mi'keu djus okyh
xSjdkuwuh dk;Ziz.kkfy;ksa ds fy, gS rFkk tks jkT;
ds fy, <ky ds rkSj ij iz;ksx dh tkrh gSa rFkk tks
yksdfgr dk uke ysdj viuk mYyw lh/kk djrh gSA
;fn lH;rk dk bl ns'k esa uk'k ugha gqvk] tSlk fd
vU; dqN cgqr izfr"Bk'kkyh ns'kksa esa gks x;k gS] rks
bls cpkus ds fy, gesa lcdks f'kf{kr djuk gksxk fd
O;fDr fo'ks"k ds ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk djuk gh
og lR; gS ftlds ek/;e ls ge yksdra= dks cpk;s
j[k ldrs gSaA blfy, vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk ;kfpdkdrkZ
ds vf/kdkjksa dks igqapk;s x;s uqdlku dh {kfriwfrZ
jkt; dks djuh pkfg,A og vius bu vf/kdkfj;ksa
ds f[kykQ dkjZokbZ Hkh dj ldrk gSAß
26- uhykorh cgsM+k cuke mM+hlk jkT; ¼1993½ ,llhlh 746
ekeys esa bl dksVZ us ,d ,sls toku vkneh dh eka dks
eqvkotk fnyk;k ftldh ekSr iqfyl fgjklr esa fiVkbZ
ls gks x;h FkhA U;k;ky; us dgk fd ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa
dks ykxw djus dh mldh 'kfDr;ka U;k; fnykus ds fy,
vius fy, u;s midj.k cukus dh izfrc)rk Hkh j[krh
gSaA if'pe cax[ksr etnwj lfefr cuke if'pe caxky
jkT; ¼1996½ 4 ,llhlh 37 dsl esa dksVZ us ekeys dh
tkap dh fd D;k ljdkjh vLirky dk mis{kk ls ihfM+r
,d deZpkjh eqvkots dk gd j[krk gS vFkok ughaA fuEu
izdkj ;g fn;k tk jgk gS %
ÞLafo/kku us dY;k.kdkjh jkT; dh ifjdYiuk la?kh; ds
lkFk&LkkFk jkT; Lrj ij dhA ,d yksd dY;k.kdkjh
jkT; esa ljdkj dk izkFkfed drZO; vius yksxksa ds dY;k.k
fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l
vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU;
dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk fuekZ.k djuk gSA lHkh dks Ik;kZIr :Ik
esa fpfdRldh; lqfo/kk,a eqgS;k djkus ds fy, Hkh ljdkj
izfrc) gS rFkk ljdkj bldk ifjikyu vLirky ;k
mipkj dsUnz [kksydj iwjk djrk gSA vuqPNsn 21 izR;sd
O;fDr ds thou esa vf/kdkj dh fyf[kr izfrKk dks n'kkZrk
gSA ekuoh; thou dks cpkuk mldh egRrk dks cgqr c<+k
nsus ds leku gh jkT; }kjk pyk;s tkus okys ljdkjh
vLirky rFkk buesa fu;qDr fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh ekuoh;
thou dh j{kk gsrq vius drZO;ksa ls c/ks gq, gSa] ftuesa
fd ljdkj ;fn ,d ,sls O;fDr dks ftls mipkj dh
t:jr gS rFkk mls le; ls mipkj nsus esa lQy ugha
jgrh gS rks ;g vuqPNsn 21 ds vUrZxr thou ds ekSfyd
vf/kdkj dk mYya?ku gSA gdhe 'ks[k ds orZeku dsl esa
,slk gh gqvkA mlds vusd vLirkyksa esa tkus ds ckn Hkh
udkj fn;k x;k tcfd mls rRdky fpfdRlk mipkj dh
vko';drk Fkh rFkk mldh fLFkfr ml le; cgqr uktqd
Fkh] pwafd gdhe 'ks[k dks dh x;h eukgh mu vLirkyksa esa
dh x;h Fkh tks ljdkjh gSa rFkk tgka vf/kdkjh Hkh ljdkjh
gh gSaA vr% ;g iwjh rjg ls mUgha dk mRrjnkf;Ro Fkk
fd os gdhe dks bl rjg dh eukgh ugha dj ldrs
FksA laoS/kkfud vf/kdkjksa ds vUrZxr gq;h gkfu] tSlk fd
Hkkx&3 esa fuf'Pkr fd;s x;s gSa] mlds vUrZxr fLFkfr
Li"V gS fd lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 32 vkSj 226 ds vUrZxr
gksus okyh dk;Zokgh esa Ik;kZIr eqvkotk mijksDr ekeys esa
fn;k tk ldrk gS] ¼nsa[ks #nqy 'kkg cuke fcgkj jkT;]
uhykorh cgsM+k cuke mM+hlk jkT;] miHkksDrk f'k{k.k ,oa
vuqla/kku dsUnz cuke Hkkjr la?k] vr% gdhe 'ks[k dks
lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 21 ds vUrZxr lqfuf'Pkr vf/kdkj ds
87
rkSj ij mi;qDr eqvkotk fn;k tkuk pkfg, FkkA ekeys
ds rF;ksa ,oa ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, ge bl
rjg ds eqvkots dh jkf'k 25000 #i;s fuf'pr djrs gSaA
bl dksVZ ds fnukad 22-4-1994 ds varfje vkns'k ds }kjk
Jh gdhe'ks[k dks 15000 #i;s eqvkots dh jkf'k ds rkSj
ij Hkqxrku fd;s tkus dk funsZ'k fn;k x;k Fkk rFkk ckdh
/kujkf'k dks izfroknh la[;k&,d ds }kjk gdhe 'ks[k dks
,d eghus ds Hkhrj Hkqxrku djus dk vkns'k fd;k x;k
FkkA
blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha gS fd bl izdkj dh lqfo/kkvksa ds fy,
vkfFkZd miØeksa dk gksuk vR;Ur vko';d gS ysfdu lkFk
gh lkFk ;g Hkh ugha Hkwyuk pkfg, fd ljdkj turk dh
lsok ds fy, Ik;kZIr fpfdRldh; lsok,a eqgS;k djkus ds
88
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
fy, izfrc) gSA ihfM+r dks fu'kqYd dkuwuh lqfo/kk fn;s
tkus ds fo"k; esa dksVZ us Ikk;k fd jkT; vkfFkZd lalk/kuksa
dh deh dk gokyk nsdj laoS/kkfud izfrc)rkvksa ls ihNk
ugha NqMk ldrh gS [ns[ksa [k=h (II) cuke fcgkj jkT;]
,llhlh i`"B&631 ij]A nh x;h flQkfj'ksa lekurk ds
lkFk iz;ksx esa yk;h tk;sa] ;fn vf/kd u gks lds rks
laoS/kkfud izfrc)rkvksa ds :Ik esa ekuo thou cpkus gsrq
fpfdRldh; lqfo/kk eqgS;k djk;s tkus ds fy, fpfdRlk
lsokvksa ds fy, /kujkf'k ds vkoaVu ds le; jkT; dh
mijksDr laoS/kkfud izfrc)rkvksa dks vo'; /;ku esa j[kk
tkuk pkfg,A
mijksDr vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus gsrq ,d [kkdk
;kstuk dks fØ;kfUor djus ds fy, cuk;k tkuk pkfg,
tks fd gekjs }kjk Åij crk;h x;h vko';drkvksa vkSj
miyC/krkvksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, vko';d gS rFkk ftlds
iz;ksx ds fy, t:jh dne mBk;sa tk;aA bl dk;Zokgh ds
fy, if'pe caxky gh ,d vdsyh ikVhZ gSA vU; jkT;
gkykafd eqdnekas ds i{k esa ugha gSa] ysfdu lfefr ds }kjk
nh x;h flQkfj'kksa dks fØ;kfUor djus ds fy, vko';d
dne mBk;s tkus pkfg,A if'pe caxky ljdkj ds fnukad
22-8-95 ds Lej.ki= esa nh x;h flQkfj'ksa fuEu izdkj ls
gSAß
27- jsyos cksMZ ps;jeSu cuke pafnzdknkl ¼2000½ 2 ,llhlh
465 ekeys esa bl dksVZ us bl ekeys ij fopkj fd;k fd
D;k mPp U;k;ky; ds }kjk jsLiksUMsUV }kjk nk;j dh x;h
;kfpdk dks yksdfgr ds eqdnes ds vUrxZr ysdj ml ij
fopkj fd;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj 10 yk[k #i;s dk eqvkotk
lafo/kku ds vUrZxr ekSfyd vf/kdkj
lkoZHkkSfed :i ls ?kksf"kr ewy vf/kdkjksa
vkSj dosuSUV~l vkWo bdukWfed] lks'ky
,aM dYpjy jkbV~l ds leku gh gSa vkSj
Hkkjr us budh iqf"V dh gS
guwQk [kkrwu] tks fd ckXykans'k dh ukxfjd gS vkSj tks
iwohZ jsyos ds deZpkfj;ksa }kjk lsDlqvyh izrkfM+r dh x;h
Fkha] dk fn;k tkuk pkfg, vFkok ughaA
vihydrkZ ds bl rdZ dks [kkfjt djrs gq, fd jsi ihfM+r
efgyk flfoy dksVZ esa ;kfpdk nk;j djds U;k; izkIr dj
ldrh Fkh] nks U;k;k/kh'kksa dh [kaMihB us tufgr dkuwu
o oS;fDrd dkuwu esa Hksn dk lanHkZ fy;k tks fd dkWeu
dkWt lkslk;Vh cuke Hkkjrh; la?k ¼1996½ 6 ,llhlh
667 rFkk vU; eqdnekas] tgka vusd vf/kdkjksa ds mYya?ku
gsrq eqvkots ls ihfM+rksa dks uoktk x;k Fkk] dks tkapk vkSj
ik;k %
ÞmijksDr ds izfr J)k j[krs gq, tks dgk x;k gS fd
lqJh guwQk [kkrwu dks U;k; ds fy, flfoy dksVZ esa tkuk
pkfg, Fkk rFkk ;g ekeyk Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn
226 ds vUrZxr nk;j ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg, Fkk ;g
Lohdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk tgka ljdkjh dk;Zikyd
lac) gksa vkSj tc ekeyk ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa ds guu dk
fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l
vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU;
89
;k yksdfgr drZO;kas ds dkuwu ds ykxw u gksus dk ekeyk
'kkfey gSA cgjgky] tu dkuwu ds rgr lek/kku miyC/k
gksA varr% uqdlku dh HkjikbZ ds fy, oS;fDrd dkuwu ds
rgr eqdnek nk;j fd;k gh tk ldrk gSAß
dksVZ us rRi'pkr lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 20 ,oa 21 ds
vUrZxr lqfuf'Pkr dkuwuksa lanHkZ fy;k vkSj O;oLFkk nh fd%
Þ^thou* 'kCn 1948 esa lkoZHkkSfed :i ls ?kksf"kr ekuo
vf/kdkj esa izeq[k:Ik esa j[kk x;k gS ¼ns[ksa Åij fy[ks
vuqPNsn&3½A lafo/kku ds vUrZxr ekSfyd vf/kdkj
lkoZHkkSfed :i ls ?kksf"kr ewy vf/kdkjksa vkSj dosuSUV~l
vkWo bdukWfed] lks'ky ,aM dYpjy jkbV~l ds leku
gh gSa vkSj Hkkjr us budh iqf"V dh gSA ftl izdkj bl
U;k;ky; us D;wfcd nk:t cuke Hkkjr la?k ds ekeys esa
Li"V fd;k Hkh gSA
tSlk fd ^thou* dks ekuokf/kdkj ?kks"k.kki= esa ewy
ekuokf/kdkj ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gS] bl
U;k;ky; us vius vyx&vyx fu.kZ;ksa esa ;gh crk;k gSA
;g lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn&21 ds vuqdwy Hkh gSA ^thou*
'kCn dk vFkZ fdlh ek;us esa Hkh lhfer ugha fd;k tk
ldrk gSA vuqPNsn 21 esa fy[kh x;h Hkk"kk ds vk/kkj ij
;g u dsoy izR;sd ukxfjd ds fy, gS] cfYd mlds fy,
Hkh gS tks fd bl ns'k dk ukxfjd ugha gSA vc ge bl
dksVZ ds }kjk le;&le; ij ^thou* uked 'kCn ds vFkZ
ij fopkj djrs gSaA [kMd flag cuke mRrj izns'k jkT;
ekeys esa ;g fuf'Pkr fd;k x;k Fkk fd ^thou* 'kCn dk
vFkZ ek= Ik'kq ds vfLrRo ls dqN vf/kd gS ¼egkjk"Vª jkT;
cuke pUnzHkku rkys Hkh ns[ksa½A vuqPNsn 21 esa tks O;oLFkk;sa
gSa] os oLrqr% mu reke ekuoh; QSdfYV;ksa rd foLrkfjr
gS ftuds ek/;e ls thou dk vkuan fy;k tkrk gSA ca/kqvk
eqfDr ekspkZ cuke Hkkjr la?k ekeys esa O;oLFkk nh x;h fd
vuqPNsn&21 ds varxZr thou ds vf/kdkj dk vFkZ xfjek]
lEeku vkSj 'kks"k.keqDr vfLrRo ls gSA ¼esudk xka/kh cuke
Hkkjrh; la?k ,oa cksMZ vkWo VªLVht vkWo iksVZ vkQ ckEcs
cuke fnyhidqekj jk?kqosUnz ukFk ukMd.khZ Hkh ns[ks½
bl fla)kUr esa Li"V fd;k x;k gS fd dsoy Hkkjr ds gh
ukxfjdksa dks gh ugha cfYd muds thou dh j{kk ds fy,
Hkh leku xfjek dh lqfuf'prrk gks tks dsoy Ik;ZVdksa ds
:Ik esa ns'k esa vk;s gksrs gSaA mUgs Hkh bl ns'k esa thou dk
vf/kdkj izkIr gSA bl izdkj os bl ns'k esa ftruk jguk
pkgrs gSa] xfjek ds lkFk jgsaA ftl izdkj jkT; ;gka ds
ukxfjsdksa ds thou dh j{kk djus gsrq izfrc) gS] mlh
rjg og mu yksxksa dh thou j{kk ds fy, Hkh izfrc) gS
tks ;gka ds ukxfjd ugha gSaA
90
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
vc ;g fd jsyos deZpkfj;ksa }kjk cykRdkj fd;s tkus
ds vijk/k ds fy, D;k dsUnz ljdkj dks nks"kh Bgjk;k
tk ldrk gS\ bl iz'u dk mÙkj udkjkRed :i esa
fn;k x;k dqN ekeyksa esa fn;s x;s fu.kZ;ksa ds vk/kkj ijA
;s gSa& jktLFkku jkT; cuke fo|korh ,vkbZvkj 1962
,llh 933] xqtjkr jkT; cuke eseu egewn gkth glu]
,vkbZvkj] 1967 ,llh 1885] clRok dkse |euxkSMk
ikfVy cuke eSlwj jkT; ¼1997½ 4 ,llhlh 358] ukxsUnz
jko ,aM daiuh cuke vkU/kzizns'k jkT; ¼1994½ 6 ,llhlh
205 vkSj egkjk"Vª jkT; cuke dapuekyk fot; flag
f'kjds ¼1995½5 ,llhlh 659A
28- ,e ,l xzsoky cuke nhi pan lwn ¼2001½8 ,llhlh 151
ekeysa esa bl dksVZ us Ikk;k fd D;k fgekpy izns'k mPp
U;k;ky; us ,d Ldwy }kjk vk;ksftr fidfud eukrs
le; Mwc x;s 14 cPpksa ds eka&cki }kjk nk;j ;kfpdk
dks nkf[ky dj rdZlaxr fu.kZ; fn;k FkkA ;kfpdk dks
vuqefr fn;s tkus laca/kh vkifRr dks [kkfjt djrs gq,
dksVZ us #nqy 'kkg cuke fcgkj jkT; ¼lqizk½] uhykorh
cgsM+k cuke mM+hlk jkT; ¼lqizk½] vkSj Mhds clq cuke
if'pe caxky jkT; ¼1997½],llhlh 416 dk lanHkZ xzg.k
fd;k vkSj Ikk;k fd %
Þeqík lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 226 ds varxZr fjV ;kfpdk dh
mPp U;k;ky; esa esaVsusfcfyVh dks ysdj gSA vihydrkZ us
vkjaHk esa cgqr gh etcwr rjhds ls dgk fd nkafMd fof/k
fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l
vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU;
ds rgr ykijokgh okys i{k dks igys gh Mhy dj fy;k
x;k gS] fygktk eqvkots ds nkos dh fu;fr dks flfoy
dkuwu ds gokys NksM+ fn;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj flfoy dksVZ
esa ekeyk tkuk pkfg, Fkk lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 226 ds
rgr ;kfpdk nk;j djdsA
;kfpdk dh ukWu&esaVsusfcfyVh dk eqík 'kq: esa mBk;k x;k
Fkk ysfdu ckn esa bl ij tksj ugha fn;k x;k] blfy,
gesa [kqn dks blh eqn~ns rd lhfer j[kus dh vko';d
ugha gSA gkykafd] nLrkostksa ds vk/kkj ij U;k;ky; Lkekt
ds fy, gksrs gSa vkSj muds Åij ukxfjdksa dh vis{kkvksa ij
[kjk mrjus dh ftEesnkjh gksrh gSA vr% mUgsa fuf'pr :Ik
91
dk mYya?ku ugha gS] ;fn jkT; dks la;qDr VkWbZQhtj u
ekuk tk,A ij tc ;g ekeyk caf/kr gS vkSj jkT; ij
dksbZ nkf;Ro Mkyus ls ijs gS] rc gesa ugha yxrk fd bl
ekeys ls rqjar fuiVk tkuk pkfg,] ij bl U;k;ky; ds
nks fu.kZ;ksa dk mYys[k vko';d gS tks igys gh fn;s tk
pqds gSaA geus vHkh viuk dksbZ er Hkh ugha fn;k gSAß
Ekqvkots dh jkf'k ds iz'u ij dksVZ us fuEufyf[kr fVIi.kh
dha %
Þnq?kZVukvksa esa gq;h ekSrkas ds ekeyksa dk fu.kZ; djrs le;
dksVZ ds le{k nLrkostksa ds vk/kkj ij lHkh rF;tud
nq?kZVukvksa esa gq;h ekSrkas ds ekeyksa dk fu.kZ; djrs le; dksVZ ds le{k
nLrkostksa ds vk/kkj ij lHkh rF;tud izek.k vo'; j[ks tkus pkfg, rkfd
blls dksVZ dks eqvkots dh jkf'k fu/kkZfjr djus esa vklkuh gks lds
ls ukxfjdkaas dh t:jrksa dk [k;ky j[kuk pkfg,A bl
laca/k esa bl U;k;ky; }kjk fn;s x;s nks fu.kZ;ksa dk lanHkZ
xzg.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA uhykorh cgsM+k cuke mM+hlk
jkT; ekeys esa ;g U;k;ky; #nqy 'kkg cuke fcgkj jkT;
esa vk;s fu.kZ; ij jgk ftlesa eqvkotk nsus esa viuk;h
x;h voS/krk vkSj vuqfpr O;ogkj dh fuank dh x;hA
vuqPNsn 32 vkSj 226 ds varxZr U;k;ky; dh 'kfDr;ksa dk
mi;ksx dj O;oLFkk nh x;h fd ;kfpdkdrkZ ds csVs dh
ekSr fgjklr esa gksus ds ,ot esa mls eqvkotk nsus dk ;g
Li"V ekeyk curk gSA orZeku lanHkZ esa jkT; dh ck/;rk
izek.k vo'; j[ks tkus pkfg, rkfd blls dksVZ dks eqvkots
dh jkf'k fu/kkZfjr djus esa vklkuh gks ldsA xf.krh;
lw{erk dh vko';drk rks ugha gS ysfdu dksbZ Hkh bl rjg
dk QSlyk fcuk rF;tud izek.kkas dh vuqifLFkfr esa ugha
fd;k tk ldrk gSA [kkldj ogka ij tgka ,d i{k dks
eqvkotk fn;k tkuk gSA ogka ij fuf'Pkr :Ik ls rF;tud
izek.kksa dk gksuk blhfy, vko';d gSA ;g ,d foy{k.k
{kfriwfrZ ugha gS] ysfdu rdZlaxrrk dh vk'kk j[krs gq,
eqvkotk izkIr djus dk ekeyk rks gS ghA dukMk dh xzSaM
Vªad jsyos daiuh cuke tsfuaXl ekeys esa bls ewy fl)kUr
92
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
ds rkSj ij fuEu:Ik ls Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS %
eqvkots dk vuqeku yxkrs le; lHkh mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa
ij] ftu ij rdZ laxr cgl gq;h] fopkj gksuk
pkfg,A ;g dsoy vuqeku ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k
dk;Z ;k ek= n;kHkkouk ij vk/kkfjr ÑR; gh gSA
tSlk fd igys gh Åij fn;k x;k gS fd bl dksVZ ds
le{k cgqr ls ekeys mu nqHkkZX;iw.kZ cPpksa ds vk;s] ftUgksus
viuk thou nq?kZVukvksa esa [kks;k rFkk eqvkots dh jkf'k esa
50 gtkj ls ,d yk[k ds chp dk varj FkkA ge bl ckr
ij fo'okl djrs gSa fd U;kf;d mnkgj.kksa dk fuLlansg
dqN vkSfpR; gS fof/k ds fl)kar ds lanHkZ esa] ysfdu ^ek=k*
dk vkdyu vnkyr esa rF;ksa ij gh fuHkZj gksrk gSA ;gka
iqjkuk U;kf;d mnkgj.k ugha py ldrkA izR;sd ekeyk
viuh rjg ls fHkUu gksrk gS vkSj mlds rF; Hkh fHkUu gksrs
gSa] fygktk eqvkots dk vkdyu fHkUu rF;ksa ds vk/kkj
ij gksxkA gkykafd] iqjkuk fu.kZ; ekxZn'kZd dh Hkwfedk
vnk dj ldrk gSA izR;sd O;fDr dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr
,d&nwljs ls vyx gksrh gS] blfy, eqvkots dk vuqeku
Hkh vyx&vyx gksuk pkfg,A iwjh fLFkfr dk vuqeku
ekeys dh rF;tud fLFkfr dks vk/kkj ekudj fd;k tkuk
pkfg, u fd xf.krh; lw=ksa ds vk/kkj ijAß
29- bl lanHkZ esa /;ku ,elhMh cuke ,lksfl,'ku vkWo
fofDVEl vkWo migkj VªstMh ,aM vnlZ ¼2005½ 9 ,llhlh
586 dk lanHkZ ysuk Hkh mfpr gSA bl ekeys esa bl
U;k;ky; us ml vihy ij lquokbZ dh tks fnYyh mPp
U;k;ky; ds ml vkns'k ds f[kykQ nk;j dh x;h Fkh
ftlesa migkj flusek nq?kZVuk esa ekjs x;s yksxksa ds ifjokjksa
dks eqvkotk nsus dk funsZ'ku FkkA vkns'k esa funsZ'k fn;k
x;k Fkk fd vihydrkZ rhu djksM+ ,d yk[k 40 gtkj
#i;s tek djk;s vkSj funsZ'k esa ;g Hkh dgk x;k Fkk fd
bl jkf'k dk 50 Qhln fgLlk nkosnkjksa esa ckaVs tkus ds
fy, miyC/k djk;k tk,xkA
30- mijksDr fu.kZ;ksa esa mfYyf[kr dkuwu ds vkyksd esa mPp
U;k;ky; }kjk etnwjksa ds ifjokjksa dks eqvkotk nsus laca/kh
varfje funsZ'kksa dks vihydrkZ }kjk mPp U;k;ky; esa nh
x;h pqukSrh dks [kkfjt fd;s tkus ;ksX; ekuk tkrk gSA
ge eglwl djrs gSa fd mPp U;k;ky; us ps;jeSu jsyos
cksMZ cuke pafnzek nkl ¼lqizk½ ekeys dk laKku fy;k
gksrk vkSj ,slk eqvkotk nsus dk funsZ'k fn;k gksrk ftls
vihydrkZ ;g Hkh lqfuf'pr djs fd
bu fn'kk&funsZ'kksa dk ikyu ds Bsdsnkj
Hkh djsa ftUgsa lhoj flLVe dks Mkyus
vkSj mldk j[kj[ko djus ds fy,
vuqcaf/kr fd;k x;k FkkA rFkk blls
lacaf/kr fjiksVZ Hkh nks eghus ds Hkhrj
mPp U;k;ky; esa tek djk nh tk;A
fnYyh ty cksMZ cuke uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l
vkWo lhojst ,aM vykbM odZlZ vkSj vU;
;Fkksfpr ekuk tkrkA pwafd jsi ihfM+r ds nq%[kksa ;k os yksx
tks nwljksa dh mis{kk ls viuh tku xokars gSa] muds nq%[kksa
ds chp lekukUrj js[kk ugha [khph tk ldrh] ysfdu
gkbZdksVZ us de ls de ;g uksV dj fy;k gksrk fd bl
U;k;ky; us 1998 esa jsi ihfM+rksa ds fy, 10 yk[k #Ik;s
dk eqvkotk r; fd;k Fkk vkSj tks yksx futh laLFkkuksa
ds }kjk lqj{kk midj.k miyC/k u djk;s tkus ds dkj.k
viuh tku xokars gSa] muds fy, 5 yk[k ds eqvkots dh
jkf'k dh ?kks"k.kk dhA ge 'kk;n mPp U;k;ky; }kjk tkjh
fd;s x;s ml vkns'k dks Hkwy x;s gSa ftlesa c<+k gqvk
eqvkots dks nsus dh ckr dgh x;h FkhA ysfdu bl Hkko
dks dsUnz esa j[kdj fd U;k; esa nsjh ihfM+r ifjokjksa ds
nq%[kksa dks vkSj vf/kd c<k nsxh] ge ;g funsZf'kr djrs gSa
fd lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 142 dh 'kfDr;ksa dks fØ;kfUor
djrs gq, vihydrkZ dks ;g funZs'k fn;k tk; fd og 3-29
yk[k #i;s fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; LVsV yhxy lfoZlst
desVh ds ikl tek djk;s vkSj ;g jkf'k Bsdsnkj }kjk nh
x;h jkf'k 1-71 yk[k ls vyx gksxhA
31- ifj.kker%] vihy bl rF; ij [kkfjt dh tkrh gS fd
Åij fy[ks x;s eqvkots dh /kujkf'k;ka ihfM+rksa dks ns
nh tk;aA ;g dguk fujFkZd gS fd vihydrkZ vfrfjDr
/kujkf'k Bsdsnkjksa ls olwy djsA izfroknh la[;k&,d mPp
U;k;ky; ds le{k mi;qDr vihy nkf[ky djus gsrq l{ke
gS] tks fd ihfM+rksa ds ifjokj okyksa dks nh tkus okyh c<+h
93
gq;h eqvkots dh jkf'k ls lacaf/kr gSA gesa iwjk fo'okl gS
fd mPp U;k;ky; bl izkFkZuk ij t:j fopkj djsxkA
32- mPp U;k;ky; }kjk 20-82008 dks tkjh fd;s x;s vkns'k
ds fn'kkfunsZ'kksa dks fØ;kUo;u esa gksus okyh nsjh dks nwj
djus ds fy, ge vihydrkZ dks Hkkx ¼,½] ¼ch½] ¼lh½]
¼Mh½] ¼bZ½] ¼,Q½] ¼th½] ¼vkbZ½] ¼ds½] ¼,e½ rFkk ¼,u½ ds
ifjikyu djus ds fy, vkt ls nks eghus dk le; nsrs gSa
rFkk lkFk gh ;g funsZ'k Hkh nsrs gSa fd og mPp U;k;ky;
fjiksVZ is'k djsA vihydrkZ ;g Hkh lqfuf'pr djs fd bu
fn'kk&funsZ'kksa dk ikyu ds Bsdsnkj Hkh djsa ftUgsa lhoj
94
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
flLVe dks Mkyus vkSj mldk j[kj[ko djus ds fy,
vuqcaf/kr fd;k x;k FkkA rFkk blls lacaf/kr fjiksVZ Hkh
nks eghus ds Hkhrj mPp U;k;ky; esa tek djk nh tk;A
blds vykok ge ;g Hkh funsZf'kr djrs gSa fd vihydrkZ
;g Hkh lqfuf'pr djs fd mPp U;k;ky; }kjk lhojksa dh
ns[kjs[k ls lacaf/kr vc rd fn;s x;s fn'kkfunsZ'kkas dk
reke Hkkoh dk;ks± esa ikyu djsa rFkk Bsdsnkjksa ds lkFk
vuqca/k esa bu fn'kk funsZ'kksa rFkk bl ekeys esa vkus okys
vU; fn'kk&funsZ'kksa dks Hkh 'kkfey djsaA
33- fiNys iSjkxzkQ esa fn;s x;s fn'kkfunsZ'k ;g fl)
ugha djrs fd vihydrkZ vkSj nwljs laLFkku tSls
,tsfUl;k@,elhMh@,uMh,elh@Mh,lvkbZMhlh
dks
mPp U;k;ky; ds bu fn'kkfunsZ'kksa ds ikyu djus dh
vko';drk ugha gSA cfYd] mUgas Hkh buds vuqikyu dh
fjiksVZ mPp U;k;ky; esa tek djuh gksxhA
34- 20-8-2008 ds vkns'k ds iSjk&9 dh vU; /kkjkvksa ds vuq:i
mPp U;k;ky; mi;qDr funsZ'k ns ldrk gS rkfd mudk
vuqikyu gks vkSj jkT; vkSj mldh laLFkk;sa mu ij
vfoyac fØ;kUo;u djsA
35- ;g ekeyk mPp U;k;ky; dh [kaMihB ds le{k flracj
ds nwljs lIrkg esa vU; vkns'kksa gsrq izLrqr fd;k tk,A
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
[th ,l fla?koh]
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
[v'kksd dqekj xkaxqyh]
u;h fnYyh
12 tqykbZ 2011
vuqyXud
fnYyh mPp U;k;ky;] ubZ fnYyh
fjV ;kfpdk (flfoy) la[;k 5232@2007
uS'kuy dSEisu iQkWj fMfXuVh ,aM jkbV~l vkiQ lhojst ,aM ,ykbM odZlZ]
}kjk gseyrk dkalksfV;k --- oknh
}kjk Jh dkWfyu xksUlkfYol] lhfu;j ,MoksdsV ,oa Jh t;flag ,MoksdsV
cuke
fnYyh uxj fuxe ,oa vU; --- izfroknh
}kjk%
Jh vty vjksM+k] ,Moks- fn-u-fu- ds fy;s
Jh lqjs’k f=ikBh] ,Moks- fn-t-cks- ds fy;s
lqJh tqcsnk csxe] ,Moks- ih-MCyw-Mh- ds fy;s
Jh vt; oekZ] ,Moks- Mh-Mh-, ds fy;s
lqJh T;ksfr flag] ,Moks- u-fn-u-ik- ds fy;s
Jh vkj-ukukorh] ,Moks- fnYyh dSUV cksMZ ds fy;s
Jh ;ksxs’k eYgks=k] ,Moks- izfroknh ua-&4 ds fy;s
dksje%
ekuuh; eq[; U;k;ewfrZ
ekuuh; Mk- U;k;ewfrZ ,l- eqjyh/kj
1- D;k LFkkuh; lekpkji=ksa ds lEikndksa dks
QSlyk ns[kus dh vuqefr nh tk;\
2- lEoknnkrk dks Hkstk tk;sxk ;k ugha\
3- D;k QSlyk MkbZtsLV esa izdkf’kr gksuk pkfg;s\
95
96
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
vkns’k
20-08-2008
1- ;g tufgr ;kfpdk fnYyh 'kgj esa lhoj dh lQkbZ
djus okys deZpkfj;ksa dh n'kkvksa ls lEcfU/kr gSA ;g
izdV djrh gS fd muds dk;Z dh n’kk ekuoh; xfjek ds
iw.kZr% vlaxr gS vkSj muds LokLF; vkSj lqj{kk ds fy;s
[krjukd gSA lsUVj QkWj ,tqds'ku ,.M dE;qfuds'ku
dh fjiksVZ fjdkMZ ij j[kh xbZ gS] tks fnYyh esa fd;s
x;s losZ ds }kjk bDdBs fd;s x;s vkadM+ksa ds fo’ys"k.k
ds vykok eqnns dks fu;af=r djus ds vYidkfyd ,oa
nh?kZdkfyd mik;ksa ds lq>ko nsrh gSA izohu jk"Vªiky
cuke eq[; vf/kdkjh] dknh E;qfuflikfyVh
¼,l-lh-,- la[;k 8989@2001 ,oa 11706@2004½ esa
xqtjkr mPp U;k;ky; ds 15 Qjojh 2006 ds vkns’k ij
Hkh çfr"Bk j[kh tkrh gS] ftlesa funsZ’kksa dh ,d Ja`[kyk
tkjh dh xbZ gSA
2- tufgr ;kfpdk dh izFke lquokbZ ij bl U;k;ky; dh
[k.MihB us fu;e nsrs le; fuEu funsZ’k tkjh fd;s%
^ckj ij fd;s x;s izfrosnuksa ij /;kuiwoZd fopkj djus
ds mijkar gekjk er ;g gS fd tufgr esa bl U;k;ky;
ds gLr{ksi ds i{k esa fo"k; curk gSA gekjk er ;g Hkh
gS fd orZeku O;oLFkk ds ewY;kadu dh fdlh Hkh izfØ;k]
blesa lq/kkj dh O;kogkfjdrk dks izsf{kr fd;s tkus dh
vko’;drk gSA gekjs fopkj ls ;g vkSj Hkh vf/kd izHkkoh
rjhds ls fd;k tk ldrk gS ;fn lEcfU/kr ,tsfUl;ksa dks
igys ,d nwljs ls okrkZyki djus rFkk miyC/k fodYiksa
ds ewY;kadu dk volj miyC/k gksA ;g izfØ;k bl
U;k;ky; ds }kjk fu;qDr lfefr ;k LFkkuh; dfe'uj ds
le{k dk;kZfUor dh tk ldrh gS tSlk fd tufgr ls
lacaf/kr cgqr ls ekeyksa esa fd;k x;k gSA fdUrq ykxr
dh cpr vkSj izfØ;k dks izHkkoh rFkk rhoz cukus ds fy;s
ge vius ekuuh; U;k;k?kh’k HkkbZ;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d dks
U;k;ky; ds dk;Z le; ds mijkar dqN le; leL;k
ds loZekU; O;kogkfjd funku dk mik; <wa<+us ds fy,
vuqnkfur djus dk fuosnu djsaxsA ;fn ,slk gksrk gS rks
fo"k;] izLrkfor mik; esa ,sls la’kks/ku tSlk fd U;k;ky;
mfpr o mi;qDr le>sa] ds vuq:i] vkns’k o fuLrkj.k
ds fy;s U;k;ky; ds le{k lwphc) fd;k tk ldrk gSA
ge rnuqlkj ekuuh; U;k;k/kh'k Mk- tfLVl ,leqjyh/kj] bl U;k;ky; ds ,d U;k;k/kh'k] ls vuqjks/k
djrs gSa fd oks U;k;ky; ds le; ds mijkar vius
cgqewY; le; ls dqN le;] bl leL;k dk O;kogkfjd
lek/kku lHkh lacaf/kr rFkk bl {ks= ds fo'ks"kKksa ¼;fn
dksbZ gS½ ls ijke'kZ djds fudkyus dk ç;kl djus ds
fy, vuqnku nsaA lHkh i{k Mk- ,l- eqjyh/kj ts- ds le{k
'kfuokj 18 vxLr 2007 dks 11-00 cts muds d{k esa
mifLFkr jgsaA
3- blds i’pkr~ Mk0 eqjyh/kj] tt }kjk 18 vxLr 2007]
22 flrEcj 2007 vkSj 1 fnlEcj 2007 dks i;kZIr :i
ls foLr`r ,oa l?ku lquokbZ;ka dh xbZaA ;|fi oknh }kjk
vuqyXud
cgqr ls eqn~ns izdk’k esa yk;s x;s gS] fuEu eqn~ns gSa tks
ojh;rk ds vk/kkj ij fopkfjr fd;s x, gSa % ¼d½ lhoj
deZpkfj;ksa dh ekSrsa ¼[k½ muds LokLF; o lqj{kk ¼x½
lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dh ekSrksa vkSj pksVksa dh nq?kZVukvksa dks
iqu% gksus ls jksdus o mudh dk;Z&n’kkvksa dks lq/kkjus
ds fy;s dne ¼?k½ mudh fu;qfDr ds nkSjku deZpkfj;ksa
dh ekSrksa ds fy;s {kfriwfrZ] ;fn dksbZ nh xbZ gks rks] vkSj
¼³½ eSuqvy odZ dks izfØ;koká djuss vkSj bls ;kaf=d
lhoj lQkbZ esa cnyus ds fy;s mBk;s tkus okys dneA
vkns’k fnukafdr 5 viSzy 2008] tks fd ,d fjiksVZ ds :i
esa gS] ds }kjk fnYyh ty cksMZ ds 'kiFki= fnukafdr 4
vizSy 2008 ds lanHkZ ls leL;k ds ifjek.k dk o.kZu
fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa ;g mYysf[kr gS fd ^^jk"Vªh;
jkt/kkuh dh volajpuk 6150 fdeh- yEcs lhojra= dks
lekfgr djrh gSA blesa ls 150 fdeh- Vªad lhoj dh
yEckbZ gS] 1500 fdeh- cká lhoj dh yEckbZ gS vkSj
4500 fdeh- vkUrfjd lhoj dh yEckbZ gSA ;g lhoj
usVodZ dqy 512-4 ,e-th-Mh- dh la;qDr {kerk okys 17
lhost VªhVeaV IykUVksa ls tqM+k gqvk gSA blds vfrfjDr]
tgka Hkh vko’;d gS lhost ds lapw"k.k ds fy;s fofHkUu
LFkkuksa ij 33 cM+s lhost ifEiax LVs’ku gSaA** ;g ik;k
x;k fd bl le; 4171 Lohd`r inksa ds fo:) 3923
LFkk;h deZpkjh fu;qDr gSaA blds vykok 1403 eLVj
jksy deZpkjh gSaA bu deZpkfj;ksa ds vykok] le;&le;
97
ij Bsds ds Jfed Hkh fu;qDr fd;s tkrs gSaA ;g Hkh ik;k
x;k fd ;|fi fnYyh ty cksMZ ¼fn-t-cks-½ }kjk uoEcj
2002 esa lqj{kk ds fn’kk&funsZ’k tkjh fd;s x;s gSa] ftudk
mYya?ku gksrk gqvk ik;k tk jgk gS vkSj fn-t-cks- vius
Lo;a ds lqj{kk fn’kk&funsZ’kksa dks dk;kZfUor djus ds ckjs
esa xEHkhj ugha gSA ;g Hkh ik;k x;k fd tgka rd fnt-cks- dk lEcU/k gS] o"kZ 2002 ls lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dh
dqy 36 ekSrsa gks pqdh gSa] ftuesa ls 30 Bsds ds deZpkjh
Fks vkSj 6 fu;fer deZpkjh FksA ;g Hkh ik;k x;k fd
ckj&ckj funsZ’k fn;s tkus ds ckotwn] fn-t-cks- lhoj
deZpkfj;ksa dh ekSrkssa vkSj pksVksa ds ckjs esa tkWp dj
ikus esa vlQy jgk gSA ;g ik;k x;k fd ekeys ds
dbZ igyw ,sls gSa ftuij vfxze izs{k.k dh vko';drk
gksxh rkfd lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dh dk;Z n’kkvksa ds ckjs esa
okLrfod :i ls cnyko yk;s tk ldsaA fo’ks"kr% fn-t-cks
vkSj lh-,y-vkj-,- ds v/khu Bsdsnkjksa dh ftEesnkfj;ka
vkSj deZpkjh {kfriwfrZ vf/kfu;e ¼o"kZ 2002 esa la’kksf/kr
vuqlkj½ ds v/khu {kfriwfrZ nsus ds fy;s muds nkf;Roksa
dk ijh{k.k djuk gksxkA ;gka rd fd tc mipkj ekudksa
dh dk;Z;ksX; ;kstuk cukbZ gqbZ gS] lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dks
ekSrksa vkSj fn-t-cks- vksj mlds Bsdsnkjksa dh o"kZ 2002
ds fn’kk&funsZ’kksa dk ikyu djus esa vlQyrk ds dkj.k
vo’; [kksts tkus pkfg;s] ftlds fy;s fn-t-cks- dks iw.kZ
xEHkhjrk ls U;k;ky; dks fn;s x;s vius opuksa dks
fuHkkuk gksxkA
98
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
4- rnqijkar fo"k; [k.MihB ds le{k j[kk x;k vkSj vkns’k
fnukafdr 11 vizSy 2008 }kjk U;k;ky; us fn-t-cks- vkSj
u-fn-u-ik- dks okafNr lwpuk,a nsrs gq, ,d fLFkfr fjiskVZ
nsus dks dgk ftlesa ;g crk;k x;k gks ¼d½ o"kZ 2002 ls
gqbZ ekSrksa dh la[;k ¼[k½ ,slh ekSrksa ds ekeyksa esa foHkkxksa
}kjk fdlh Lrj ij dh xbZ dksbZ tkWpsa@[kkstsa ¼x½ ;fn
tkWp dh xbZ rks Bsdsnkj] ftlus e`rd deZpkfj;ksa dks
fu;qDr fd;k] ds fo:) ;k fdlh vU; LFkkuh; vf/kdkjh]
ftlds v/khu Bsdsnkj fu;qDr fd;k x;k] ds fo:) dh
xbZ dksbZ dk;Zokgh ¼?k½ ;fn lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dh dk;Z
n’kk ds csgrjh ds fy;s dksbZ izLrko gks] ;fn ,slk gks rks
os izLrko D;k Fks vkSj bl lEcU/k esa dh xbZ laLrqfr;ksa]
;fn dksbZ gksa rks] dks dk;kZfUor djus ds fy;s LFkkuh;
vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk D;k dne mBk;s x;s gSa ¼³½ ;fn dksbZ
Hkh izLrko ugha Fkk rks D;k LFkkuh; vf/kdkjh fn’kk&funsZ’k
cukus vkSj Hkfo"; esa ,slh ekSrksa dks jksdus ds fy;s lqj{kk
ekudksa ds bPNqd gSa vkSj lQkbZ dk;Z ds fy, fu;qDr
deZpkfj;ksa dh csgrj dk;ZfLFkfr ds bPNqd gSa ¼p½ D;k
e`rd deZpkjh ds ifjokj ds lnL;ksa vkSj tks deZpkjh
dk;Z djus ds nkSjku fodyakxrk ds f’kdkj gq, muds fy;s
{kfriwfrZ ds Hkqxrku dk dksbZ izko/kku gSA ;fn gS rks og
;kstuk D;k gS vkSj D;k blds v/khu dksbZ Hkqxrku fd;k
x;k gSA
5- mijksDr vkns’k ds vuqlj.k esa] u-fn-u-ik- us fnukad 8 ebZ
2008 dks 'kiFki= nkf[ky fd;k] ftlesa ;g dgk x;k gS
fd u-fn-u-ik- }kjk ykijokgh@lqj{kk ekud u viuk;s
tkus ds dkj.k mlds fdlh deZpkjh ;k mlds Bsdsnkj ds
fdlh Jfed dh o"kZ 2002 ls lhoj ykbZuksa@esugksyksa dh
lQkbZ ds nkSjku ekSr ugha gqbZ gSA gkykafd ;g Lohdkj
fd;k x;k gS fd lhoj ykbZu ls tgjhyh xSl ds lkal
esa pys tkus ds dkj.k 7 fnlEcj 2003 dks u-fn-u-ik- ds
Bsdsnkj ds v/khu dk;Zjr 3 deZpkfj;ksa dh ekSr gqbZA ;g
dgk x;k gS fd mijksDr of.kZr rhu O;fDr;ksa us LFky ds
izHkkjh bathfu;j ls fcuk dksbZ vuqefr@Lohd`fr ds vkSj
lhoj ykbZu esa izos’k djus ls iwoZ fcuk fdlh vko';d
lqj{kk lko/kkuh@ekudksa] ds eSugksy esa izos’k fd;k FkkA
vkSj vkxs ;g Hkh dgk x;k gS fd D;ksafd ;g nq?kZVuk
dk ekeyk Fkk] u fd ykijokgh dk] rks dksbZ tkap ugha
dh xbZA
u-fn-u-ik- ds vuqlkj lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dh
dk;ZfLFkfr esa lq/kkj ds fy, xqatkb'k gS vkSj bl fn'kk esa
u-fn-u-ik- }kjk fuEufyf[kr dne mBk;s x;s gSa%&
1-
;FkklaHko lhojykbZu@eSugksy dh lQkbZ e’khuksa ls
dh tkrh gSA euq"; dk izos’k mu nqyZHkre ekeyksa
rd lhfer fd;k tk jgk gS tgka e’khuh lQkbZ
lEHko ugha gSaA
2-
mu fLFkfr;ksa esa tgka ekuoh; lQkbZ dh tkrh gS]
;g lqfuf’pr fd;k tkrk gS fd lHkh lqj{kk midj.k
99
vuqyXud
iz;ksx fd;s tk;s vkSj lHkh lko/kkfu;ka cjrh tk;saA
lhoj lQkbZ djus okys O;fDr;ksa dks xgjs esugksyksa
esa ,d le; ij 5&10 feuV ls T;knk le; rd
vUnj jgus dh vuqefr ugha nh tkrh gSA lEcfU/kr
dfu"B vfHk;Urk@lgk;d vfHk;Urk lEiw.kZ lQkbZ
lapkyu vof/k ds nkSjku ekSds ij gkftj jgrs gSaA
3-
4-
lHkh lqj{kk midj.k tSls lkal ysus ds
midj.k] iw.kZ eqag <dus dk lqj{kk vkoj.k]
lqj{kk isVh] VkpZ] lqj{kk p’esa] lqj{kk gSyeSV]
lqj{kk isVh] xe twrs] Mqcdh yxkus okys diM+s]
,;j Cyksvj vkSj ,Dt+kLV vkfn dk O;kid
:i ls iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
lHkh deZpkfj;ksa dks LokLF; ijh{k.k] mipkj ,oa
gLirkyksa vkfn ds fy, eq¶r fpfdRlk lqfo/kk,a
jkt/kkuh ds mRd`"V gLirkyksa esa miyC/k djokbZ
tkrh gSA lHkh ,sls gLirkyksa dh lwph bl izdkj ls
gS%&
¼1½ eSDl ckykth gLirky] bUnzizLFk
¼2½ ----
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¼3½ ----
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¼4½ ----
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26 pjd ikfydk gLirky] eksrhckx
5-
lHkh lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dk jk"Vªh; chek dEiuh fy- ls
çfr deZpkjh 1 yk[k #i;s dk chek djk;k tkrk gS]
ftlds fy;s fizfe;e u-fn-u-ik- }kjk fn;k tkrk gSA
;g tujy chek ;kstuk ds vykok gksrk gS] tks dsUnz
ljdkj ds fu;ekuqlkj lHkh ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa ds
fy;s ykxw gksrk gSA
6-
lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dks miyC/krk@ofj"Brk ds
vuqlkj vkokl fn;k tkrk gSA izR;sd lsok dsUnz
ij Jfed vkjke?kj eqgS;k djok;s x;s gSaA muds
ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dh f’k{kk ds fy;s cgqr ls u-fnu-ik- fo|ky; u-fn-u-ik- {ks= esa py jgs gSaA
7-
LVksj@lfoZl lSUVj ij ihus ds ikuh] ugkus vksj
diM+s /kksus dh lqfo/kk eqgS;k djokbZ tkrh gSA vius
deZpkfj;ksa ds fy;s u-fn-u-ik- }kjk euksjatu Dyc
eqgS;k djok;s x;s gSaA
8-
Lo;a foHkkx }kjk deZpkfj;ksa dks midj.k vkSj vU;
lqj{kk midj.k ds iz;ksx dk izf’k{k.k fn;k tkrk
gSA vU; ,tsfUl;ksa ls izf’k{k.k ds dk;Z Øe Hkh rS;kj
fd;s tk jgs gSaA
6- fn-t-cks- us fLFkfr fjiskVZ fnuakfdr 7 tqykbZ 2008 nkf[ky
dh gS ftlesa ;g Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS fd o"kZ 2002 ls
ekSrksa dh la[;k 36 gS vkSj mlesa ls N% deZpkjh fn-tcks- }kjk fu;qDr Fks vkSj 30 deZpkjh Bsds ds FksA vf/kdrj
dslksa esa ekSr ds dkj.k ugha fn;s x;s gSA ,sls dslksa esa]
ftuesa dkj.k crk;s x;s gSa] ekSr dk dkj.k lqj{kk midj.kksa
dh deh ;k ykijokgh gh cryk;k x;k gSA ,sls fdlh
Hkh dsl esa dksbZ vuq’kklukRed dk;Zokgh ugha dh xbZ gS
vkSj lk/kkj.k lh psrkouh] tks fd vf/kdre dslksa esa tkjh
100
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
dh xbZ gS] ds vykok lEcfU/kr vf/kdkjh ;k Bsdsnkj] tks
deZpkfj;ksa dh lqj{kk ds fy;s ftEesnkj gSa] ds fo:) dksbZ
dk;Zokgh ugha dh xbZ gSA vkSj fLFkfr fjiskVZ esa ;g Hkh
dgk x;k gS fd fn-t-cks- us vc lqj{kk vkSj foifRr izcU/ku
izdks"B xfBr fd;s gSa tks lhoj deZpkfj;ksa ls lEcfU/kr
fcUnqvksa ij ns[kHkky djsaxsaA lHkh lEcfU/kr O;fDr;ksa dks
nks"kh QeZ dks gVkus@CySd fyLV djus ds fn-t-cks- ds
vf/kdkj lqjf{kr djus ds fy;s vuqcU/k djkj esa ,d [k.M
tksM+us ds fy;s fgnk;rsa tkjh dh tk pqdh gSaA vkxs fjiksVZ
;g dgrh gS fd dk;ZfLFkfr;kas dks csgrj djus ds fy;s
fuEufyf[kr vuqeksnu fd;s x;s gSa%&
d- lqj{kk tkx:drk dk;ZØe
[k- lhoj deZpkfj;ksa ds fy;s D;k djsa vkSj D;k u djsa
dk izlkjA
x- lqj{kk midj.kksa ds viukus vkSj cuk;s j[kus ds fy;s
funsZ’kA
?k- ifjlhfer LFkku esa izos’k ,oa cpko ds fy;s nl
izf’k{kdksa dks çf'k{k.k fn;k x;k gSA
³
lqj{kk ,oa foifRr izcU/ku gsrq ijke’kZ lsok;sa eqgS;k
djkus ds fy;s jk"Vªh; foifRr izcU/ku ls le>kSrk
fd;k x;k gSA
fn-t-cksMZ ds vuqlkj 'kkfjfjd :i ls lQkbZ O;oLFkk
dks ;kaf=d lQkbZ O;oLFkk esa ifjofrZr djus ds fy;s
fuEufyf[kr dne mBk;s x;s gSa%&
ßd- fn-t-cks- us 5 QqV ls vf/kd xgjh lhoj ykbZu dks
lkQ djus ds fy;s 'kkfjfjd Je dk iz;ksx djuk
can dj fn;k gSA blus vfrfjDr tSfVax e’khusa
miyC/k djkbZ gSaA
[k- cM+s Vªd
a @cká lhojksa dks vfrlap"w kd e’khuksa }kjk
'kksf/kr fd;k tkrk gSA gkykafd vkikr fLFkfr es]a
mfpr lqj{kk midj.kksa ds lkFk vkSj dfu"B vfHk;ark
dh mifLFkfr esa xgjs lhoj esa izo’s k dh vuqefr nh
tkrh gSAÞ
7- fn-t-cks- ds vuqlkj bUgksaus vko’;d midj.k Hkh
miyC/k djk;s gSaSA fQj ;g Hkh dgk x;k gS fd fnt-cks- ds ikl deZpkfj;ksa dh ns[kHkky ds fy;s fn-tcks- ls tqM+s 11 fMLisUlfj;ka] 25 izkbZosV gLirky vkSj
37 Mk;XuksfLV lSUVj gSaA buds ikl Hkqxrku okilh
ds fy, ,d fodsUnzh;d`r izcU/k gS tc lk/kkj.k
vf/kdkfjdrk ds ijs vkikr fLFkfr esa jkgr nh tkus dh
vko';drk gksrh gSA deZpkfj;ksa ds fy;s izFke fpfdRlk
isfV;ka miyC/k gSa vkSj Bsdsnkj Bsdsnkjh djkj ds izko/kkuksa
ds vuqlkj fpfdRlk lqfo/kk;sa eqgS;k djokus ds fy;s ck/;
gSa vkSj fe;knh LokLF; ijh{k.k Hkh fd;s tk jgs gSaA ;g
dgk x;k gS fd vkn’kZ fu;e vkSj lqj{kk uhfr] tks ykxw
gSa] lkojksa dh lQkbZ djus okys deZpkfj;ksa ds fy;s dM+kbZ
ls dk;kZfUor fd;s tk;saxsaA fn-t-cks- us lqj{kk ,oa vkink
izca/ku gsrq ijke'kZ lqfo/kk,a iznku djus rFkk vkikrdkyhu
rS;kjh ,oa izfrfØ;k nyksa dh LFkkiuk ds fy,] jk"Vªh;
vuqyXud
vkink izca/ku laLFkku ds lg;ksx ls o"kZ 2007&08 ds fy,
vk/kkjHkwr lqj{kk tkx:drk dk izca/k fd;k gSA jk"Vªh;
ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx }kjk tkjh fn’kk&funsZ’kksa dk fn-tcks- }kjk ikyu fd;k tk jgk gSA {kfriwfrZ ds fcUnq ij]
fn-t-cks- us dgk gS fd ;fn fdlh deZpkjh dh e`R;q gks
tkrh gS] rks tgka rd lEHko gksrk gS n;k ds vk/kkj ij
fu;qfDr;ka nh tkrh gSaA ?kk;y deZpkfj;ksa dks yh xbZ chek
ikfyfl;ksa ds vuqlkj {kfriwfrZ nh tkrh gSA ,slh fLFkfr
esa tgka Bsdasnkj }kjk vuqcfU/kr deZpkjh dh e`R;q gskrh
gS rks deZpkjh {kfriwfrZ vf/kfu;e {kfriwfrZ ds Hkqxrku ds
fy;s izko/kku djrk gSA ;|fi fn-t-cks- us Bsdsnkjksa ds
fy;s Bsds ij dk;Zjr deZpkfj;ksa ds uke eqgS;k djokuk
Lohdkj fd;k gS] fQj Hkh Bsdsnkjksa vkSj muds v/khu
dk;Zjr deZpkfj;ksa ls lacaf/kr izklafxd fooj.k miyC/k
ugha djok;s x;s gSaA
8- fnukad 22 tqykbZ 2008 dks oknh dh vksj ls nkf[ky fd;s
x;s fyf[kr izfrys[k esa] ;g fjdkMZ ij yk;k x;k gS
fd u-fn-u-ik- }kjk fu;qDr fd;s x;s Bsdsnkj ds fy,
dk;Zjr ,d deZpkjh vfer dh e`R;q fnukad 20 tqykbZ
dks u’khyh xSl lkal ds lkFk vUnj pyh tkus ds dkj.k
gqbZA ;g dfFkr gS fd vfer ,d vU; fngkM+h deZpkjh
jktiky ds lkFk Fkk] tks xSlksa ds lkal ds lkFk vUnj
pys tkus ds dkj.k vpsr gks x;k vkSj lhoj ls fudky
fy;k x;kA gkykafd jktiky dh tku cp xbZ gSA vkSj
101
oknh ds vuqlkj fnukad 5 ebZ 2008 dks fn-t-cks- }kjk
fu;qDr fd;s x;s Bsdsnkjksa ds v/khu Bsdsjr dk;Zjr nks
deZpkfj;ksa dh e`R;q lhoj esa xSlksa ds lkal ds lkFk vUnj
pys tkus ds dkj.k gqbZA muds uke fpUVw vkSj fiUVw
¼iIiw@glu vgen½ gSaA os MkcM+h fLFkr ,d lhoj ykbZu
esa dk;Zjr FksA
9- lacaf/kr ,stsfUl;ksa }kjk nh xbZ fofHkUu fjiksVksZ vkSj ckj ij
fn;s x, çfrosnuksa ij fopkjksijkUr ge bl fjV ;kfpdk
dk vfUre fuLrkj.k yfEcr j[krs gq, fuEufyf[kr
vUrfje vkns'k ikfjr djrs gSaA
¼d½ lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dks fcuk fdlh 'kqYd ds fpfdRlk
ijh{k.k vkSj bZykt eqgS;k djk;s tk,axs vkSj ,sls lHkh
deZpkjh tks fdlh O;olk; tfur O;kf/k] dqy{k.k ;k
nq?kZVuk ls xzflr ik;s x;s gSa dk bykt deZpkjh ds
jksxeqDr gks tkus ;k e`R;q rd fu%'kqYd tkjh jgsxkA
¼[k½ lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dh lsok,W izfrokfn;ks ;k muds }kjk
fu;qDr fd;s x, Bsdsnkjksa }kjk chekjh dh vof/k ds
nkSjku lekIr ugha dh tkuh gS vkSj mUgsa lsokjr gh
ekuk tk;sxk vkSj mUgsa mudk osru fn;k tk,xkA
¼x½ izfrokfn;ksa }kjk O;olk; tfur O;kf/k] -dqy{k.k
;k nq?kZVuk ls ihfM+r lHkh deZpkfj;ksa dks deZpkjh
{kfriwfrZ vf/kfu;e 1923 ds izko/kkuksa ds vuq:i
{kfriwfrZ nh tk;sxh vkSj bldk Bsdsnkjksa ls olwyh dh
tk;sxh ;fn og fof/kekU; gksA
102
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
¼?k½ fdlh deZpkjh] Bsds ij dk;Zjr~ deZpkjh lfgr] dh
e`R;q gks tkus ij izfroknh vius rqjUr mls ,d yk[k
:i;s dk ,Dlxzsfl;k eqvkotk iznku djsasxs ftldh
olwyh Bsdsnkj ls gksxh] ;fn fof/kekU; gS rksA
¼³½ izfroknh lHkh lhoj deZpkfj;ksa] Bsds ij dk;Zjr~
deZpkfj;ksa lfgr dks lHkh dkuwuu ns; jkf’k;ksa] tSls
fd Hkfo"; fuf/k] xszpq,Vh vkSj cksul] ;fn dkuwuu
ekU; gks rks] dk Hkqxrku djsaxsA
¼p½ izfroknh oknh laLFkku ds ijke’kZ ls lHkh lhoj
deZpkfj;ksa dks tYn ls tYn lHkh lEHko vk/kqfud
lqj{kk midj.k eqgS;k djk,axsA
¼N½ izfroknh orZeku dksVk ds vuqlkj lHkh deZpkfj;ksa dks
lkcqu o rsy eqgS;k djk,axs] ysfdu ekfld vk/kkj
ij] u fd o"kZ ds vUr esaA
¼t½ izfroknh fn-t-cks- ds vkn’kZ fu;eksa ds vuqlkj izkFkfed
fpfdRlk lqfo/kkvksa] lqjf{kr is; ty] /kqykbZ lqfo/kk,a]
'kkSpky; ,oa ew=ky;] f'k'kqikyu x`g vkSj dSUVhu]
tSlk fd vkn'kZ fu;eksa esa mfYyf[kr gS] lfgr vkjke
?kj o dSUVhu miyC/k djok;saxsA ;s ßLVksjÞ ds uke
ls tkuh okyh ml txg tks fd og LFkku gS tgka
deZpkjh vius mifLFkfr nsus ds fy, ,d= gksrs gSa
vkSj tgka ls os vius lEcU/k dk;ZLFky ds fy, jokuk
gksrs gSa] ij miyC/k djk;h tkuh gSaA
¼>½ izfroknh lh-ih-MCyq-Mh@ih-MCyq-Mh-¼Mh-,-½@
fnYyh ty cksMZ Bsdsnkjh Jfed fu;ekoyh ¼la{ksi
eas ^^Jfed fu;ekoyhÞ½ ds [k.M 8 ds vuqlkj
Bsdsjr~ deZpkfj;ksa lfgr] dks ,d mifLFkfr
dkMZ&de&osru Lyhi eqgS;k djk,axsA
¼´½ izfroknh Jfed fu;ekoyh ds [k.M 9 ds vuqlkj
lHkh deZpkfj;ksa dks fu;qfDr dkMZ eqgS;k djk,axs vkSj
lsok lekfIr ij Bsdsjr~ deZpkfj;ksa o vU; dks lsok
izek.k i= eqgS;k djk,axs tSlk fd Jfed fu;ekoyh
ds [k.M 10 esa mfYyf[kr gSA
¼V½ izfroknh Jfed fu;ekoyh ds [k.M 5 ds vuqlkj
Bsdsjr~ deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, osru Hkqxrku ds jftLVj
dks gLrk{kfjr djds izekf.kr djsaxsA
¼B½ izfroknh lhoj ls lacaf/kr dk;kZs ds fy, fu;qDr fd;s
x, Bsdsjr~ deZpkfj;ksa vkSj Bsdsnkjksa dh iw.kZ lwph]
,sls deZpkfj;ksa dks fn;s tkus okys osru vkfn vkSj
deZpkfj;ksa dh lsok;kstu ds o"kksZ dh la[;k lfgr]
vkt ls 4 lIrkg ds vUnj bl U;k;ky; o oknh dks
tek djk,axsA
¼M½ fn-t-cks- dks ;g lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, funsZf’kr
fd;k tkrk gS fd lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dh e`R;q ds ekeys
esa ,Dl xzsfl;k Hkqxrku] e`r deZpkjh ds ifjokjksa dks
dj fn;k x;k gS vkSj ;fn ;g eqvkotk ugha fn;k
103
vuqyXud
x;k gS] rks bls 8 lIrkg dh vof/k ds Hkhrj ns fn;k
tk,A
¼<½ u-fn-u-ik- dks 7 fnlEcj] 2003 dks gqbZ nq?kZVuk]
ftlesa u-fn-u-ik- ds Bsdsnkjksa ds v/khu dk;Zjr~ 3
deZpkfj;ksa dh e`R;q gqbZ Fkh] ds laca/k esa 1 yk[k :i;s
dh jkf’k izfr O;fDr vnk djus ds fy, funZsf’kr fd;k
tkrk gSA ftls og Bsdsnkj ls olwy djus ds fy,
LorU= gS] ;fn dkuwuu ekU; gks rksA
¼.k½ fn-t-cks- o u-fn-u-ik- dks oknh ds fyf[kr izfrosnu ds
en 15 o 16 fnukafdr 22 tqykbZ] 2008 esa mfYyf[kr
lhoj deZpkfj;ksa dh e`R;q ds laca/k esa ,d tkap xfBr
djus vkSj 8 lIrkg ds Hkhrj ml tkap dh fjiksVZ
bl U;k;ky; es nkf[ky djus ds fy, funZsf’kr fd;k
tkrk gSA ;fn ;g ik;k tkrk gS fd lacaf/kr Bsdsjr~
deZpkjh u-fn-u-ik-@fn-t-cks- }kjk fu;qDr Bsdsnkjksa
ds v/khu dk;Zjr~ Fks] rks ihfM+rksa ds ifjokjksa dks
rqjUr 1 yk[k #i;s dh ,Dl xzsf'k;k eqvkotk jkf’k]
rqjUr vnk dh tk;sxh] ftldh Bsdsnkjksa ls dkuwu ds
vuqlkj] olwyh dk vf/kdkj lqjf{kr gSA
¼r½ izfroknh jk-jk-{ks- ds mu {ks=ksa ¼1½ tgkW dksbZ lhoj
lqfo/kk miyC/k ugha gS ¼2½ tgkW ladjh xfy;kW ;k
vU; dkj.kksa ls vk/kqfud e’khujh ugha tk ldrh
¼3½ vk/kqfud e’khujh }kjk fd;s tk jgs dk;Z{ks=
vkSj ¼4½ tfVy {ks= tgka le;&le; ij e`R;q]
nq?kZVuk,W vkSj Cykdst vkfn gksrs jgrs gSa] dks izdV
djrs gq, mldk uD’kk tek djk,axsA ,slk vkt ls
3 ekg ds vUnj fd;k tkuk gksxkA
¼Fk½ vUr esa] izfrokfn;ksa dks ekuoh; mi;ksx dks
izfØ;koká djus rFkk bls ;kaf=d lhoj lQkbZ esa
cnyus tSlk fd fnYyh ty cksMZ ,oa u-fn-u-ik}kjk ifjdfYir gS] ls lEcf?kr izLrko rFkk j.kuhfr
dks fjdkMZ ij ykus dk funsZ'k fn;k tkrk gS] ftls
fd 3 ekg ds Hkhrj dj fy;k tk;sxkA
10- mijksDr funs’Z kksa dk ikyu lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, ge
fuEufyf[kr dks lfEefyr djrs gq, ,d lfefr dk xBu
djrs gSa%&
¼d½ Jh ,l-vkj- 'kadj.k] vkbZ-,-,l-] f=iqjk ljdkj ds
eq[; lfpo ¼lsokfuo`r½ v/;{k(
¼[k½ u-fn-u-ik-] Mh-Mh-,- vkSj fn-t-cks-] }kjk ukekafdr
,d&,d vf/kdkjh] tks Hkkjr ljdkj ds voj&lfpo
ds in ls de ugha gksxkA
¼x½ jk-jk-{ks- fnYyh ljdkj ds lekt dY;k.k foHkkx
la;qDr lfpo tks fd ml foHkkx ds lfpo }kjk
ukekafdr fd;s tk;saxs] tks lfefr ds la;kstd gksaxsA
¼?k½ oknh ds laLFkku ls ,d izfrfuf/kA
11- mijksDr of.kZr lfefr dh cSBd 15 fnu esa ,d ckj
gksxhA LFkku] vU; <k¡pkxr lqfo/kk,a] okgu lqfo/kk vkSj
104
lhoj vkSj lacaf/r dk;ZdehZ% xfjek vkSj vf/dkj
lfpoky;h; LVkQ] tSlk fd lfefr dks vko';d gks]~
lfgr fnYyh ty cksMZ }kjk eqgS;k djok, tk,axsA lfefr
ds v/;{k dks izR;sd cSBd ds fy, :i;s 5]000@&
ekuns; fn;k tk,xkA lacaf/kr ukxfjd ,stsfUl;ksa }kjk
lfefr dks lHkh laHko lg;ksx fn;k tk,xkA lfefr] ;fn
vko’;d gks rks] funsZ’k ds fy, bl U;k;ky; ls lEidZ
djus ds fy, LorU= gksxhA lfefr dks vxyh lquokbZ
dh frfFk ls iwoZ bl U;k;ky; ds le{k ,d fjiksVZ izLrqr
djus ds fy, vuqjks/k fd;k tkrk gSA
12- ;g dsl vxyh lquokbZ ds fy, fnukad 22 vDrwcj]
2008 ds fy, r; fd;k tkrk gSA
13- bl vkns’k dh izfr lHkh i{kksa ds vf/koDrkvksa dks nLrh
nh tk,A bldh ,d ,d izfr desVh ds v/;{k] u-fn-uik- ds v/;{k] fn-fo-izk- ds mik/;{k] fn-t-cks- ds lh-bZvks- vkSj jk"Vªh; jkt/kkuh {ks= fnYyh ljdkj ds lekt
dY;k.k foHkkx ds lfpo dks vuqikyu ds fy, vkt ls
5 fnu ds vUnj vUnj Hksth tk,A
gLrk,-ih- 'kkg
eq[; U;k;k/kh’k
gLrk,l- eqjyh/kj
20 vxLr] 2008
U;k;k/kh’k
uksV % Jh ,lvkj 'kadju] vkbZ,,l ¼lsokfuo`r½ dh
vLoLFkrk ds dkj.k muds LFkku ij Jh y{eh/kj feJ]
vkbZ,,l ¼lsokfuo`r½ dks 3 flracj 2008 ds 'kklukns'k ds
tfj, lfefr dk v/;{k fu;qDr fd;k x;kA lfefr dk xBu
ewy:i ls 20 vxLr 2008 ds 'kklukns'k ls Jh 'kadju dh
v/;{krk esa fd;k x;k FkkA ckn esa 20 vxr 2008 ds vkns'k
dks 3 flracj 2008 ds vkns'k ls la'kksf/kr dj fn;k x;k FkkA