Chapter 6: Basic anatomy,
physiology and
terminology
Lesson 24: Introduction to
Medical Terminology
2016
GOALS
- Becomefamiliarwiththestructureofmedical
terms,bybuildinganddeconstructingterms
- Becomefamiliarwiththebasicword
a
elementsofmedicaltermsandbeableto
decodemeaningusingwordelements
- Practicemedicalterminologyintarget
language(s)
Define sight translation; perform accurate and appropriate sight translation with register conservation.
Students will be able to identify appropriate and inappropriate sight translation requests and will be able to decline inappropriate requests professionally
http://bit.ly/1MrGrKN
MedicalTerminology
Developedasauniversalclassificationsystem
MostmedicaltermscomefromLatinorGreek
MostofthemarepartofWesternandIndo
europeanlanguages
https://goo.gl/eugmm8
Givemeanyword...
http://bit.ly/1CiyhB0
Wordelements
Fourtypes:
Roots
Prefixes
Suffixes
Combiningforms
https://goo.gl/eugmm8
Roots,suffixesandprefixesare
commonlyusedinstandard
Englishtocreatewords.
Forexample,theword
“nostalgia”comesfromthe
Greekroot“nostos”=
homecoming,reunion,andthe
suffix“algia”=pain/painful
longingforone’shomeor
homeland.
Roots
Rootsarewordelementsusedtomakemedicalterms.
MostofthemareGreek.
Rootsrepresenttheprimarymeaningofmedicaltermsand
oftenindicateabodypartaroundwhichthetermforms.
Examples:
https://goo.gl/eugmm8
Laparo
abdomen
Dermato
skin
Hepato
liver
Prefixes
Prefixes:Thesearealwaysatthebeginningof
theword,addingmeaningtoit(i.e.peri:
around;tachy:fast.)
Prefixes
peri-
around
tachy-
fast
Examples?
1 menopause
https://goo.gl/eugmm8
2 cardia
Categoriesofprefixes
PrefixesofTimeorSpeed
PrefixesofDirection
PrefixesofPosition
PrefixesofSizeorNumber
https://goo.gl/eugmm8
PrefixesofTime
Theseprefixesdenotetimeorspeedofevents.
Examples:
Ante/pre =before(antepartum - beforebirth)
Brady =slow(bradycardia - slowheartrate)
Neo =new(neoplasm- newgrowth)
Tachy =fast(tachycardia- fastheart)
Post =after(postpartum- afterbirth)
https://goo.gl/3JgzGB
https://goo.gl/eugmm8
PrefixesofDirection
Theseprefixessignifythedirectionofevents.
Examples:
Ab =awayfrom,outside,beyond(abnormal- awayfrom
oroutsidethenorm)
Ad =toward,near(adjacent- beside)
Con,sym,syn =with(congenital- “withbirth”,symbiotic“withlife”,Synarthrosis - “withjoint”)
Contra =against(contraindication- againstdirection)
Dia =across,through(diabetes- to“passthrough”)
http://goo.gl/7gudJF
https://goo.gl/eugmm8
PrefixesofPosition
Theseprefixesdenotethepositionofbodyparts,lesions
orinjuriesrelativetootherbodyparts
Examples:
Ec/ecto/exo =outside(ectopic)
En =inside(encephaloscopy - Tolookinsidethebrain)
Endo =within(endoscopy- tolookinside)
Extra =beyond(extrasystole - outsidethecontractionof
theheart- abnormalheartbeat)
https://goo.gl/eugmm8
PrefixesofSizeandNumber
Theseprefixessignifythesizeornumberevents,injuries,
lesions,bodyorgansorsystems
Examples:
Di/bi =two(biannual- twiceayear,diplopia - double
vision)
Hemi/semi =half(hemiplegic- paralysisofhalfofthe
body)
Macro =big(macrocyte - bigcell)
Poly =many(polydactyl- manyfingers)
https://goo.gl/eugmm8
Suffixes
Theseareadditionsthatalwayscomeattheendofthe
wordandaddmeaningtoit.
Suffixesareusedinmedicalterminologytoconvert
rootsorcombiningformsintonouns,tomodifynouns
tomeansomethingdifferent,ortoconvertanouninto
anadjective
Examples
-algia
dolor
-itis
inflammation
https://goo.gl/eugmm8
Categoriesofsuffixes
Suffixesthatsignifymedicalconditions
Suffixesthatsignifydiagnoses,testinformation,or
surgicalprocedures
Suffixesassociatedwithamedicalspecialty
Suffixesthatconvertanounintoanadjective
https://goo.gl/eugmm8
Suffixesthatsignifymedical
conditions
-algia =pain(arthralgia - painofthejoints)
-cele =protrusion/hernia(meningocele - protrusionof
themeninges)
-malacia =softening(osteomalacia - softeningofthe
bones)
-osis =abnormalcondition(osteoporosis- abnormal
conditionofthebones- lossofbonedensity)
https://goo.gl/eugmm8
Suffixesthatsignifydiagnosis,test
information,orsurgicalprocedure
-centesis =surgicalpuncture(thoracentesissurgicalpunctureofthethorax)
-ectomy =surgicalremoval(hysterectomysurgicalremovaloftheuterus)
-plasty =surgicalrepair(rhinoplasty- surgical
repairofthenose)
-tomy =incision(laparotomy- incisionofthe
abdomen)
https://goo.gl/eugmm8
Suffixesassociatedwith
amedicalspecialty
-iatro- =physician(pediatrician- physicianforchildren)
-an/ist- =specialist(optician- specialistinvision/
orthopedist- fromorthos:straight/correctandpaedos:
rearingofchildren)
-ics/-iatry =medicalspecialty(pediatrics- specialtyof
children/psychiatry- specialtyofthemind)
-logi =studyof(gynecology- studyofwomen)
https://goo.gl/eugmm8
Suffixesthatconvertanouninto
anadjective
-ic =convertsrootintoanadjective(orthopedicpertainingtotheorthopedist)
-iatric =convertsrootintoanadjective(pediatric
- pertainingtochildren)
-ular =convertsrootintoanadjective(vascularpertainingtobloodvessels)
-aneous =convertsrootintoanadjective
(cutaneous- pertainingtotheskin)
https://goo.gl/eugmm8
Combiningform
Acombiningformisavowelthatisusedtocombinea
root,andaprefix,asuffixorall3.Thevowelisusedas
alinkbetweentwowords.Itisusuallyan‘o’.
Prefixesandsuffixesareinterchangeable.Thesame
elementscanbeplacedatthebeginningorattheend
ofagivenroottochangeitsmeaning.
Examples
Laparoscopy
Pathology
disease
combining form
https://goo.gl/eugmm8
study of
abodomen
combining form
visual examination
List of Combining
forms
Chapter 1
pages 7-13
http://bit.ly/1CiZrHQ
SmallGroupActivity
Reviewtheexamplesonpage177ofyourtextbook
Practicedecodingroots,prefixes,andsuffixes
Etymology
Decoding medical terminology
http://goo.gl/3aTwjy
Decodinginthreesteps
Dividethewordintoitselements:root,suffix
and
prefix
Decodethemeaningofeachindividualelement
Decipherstartingwiththesuffix,thentheprefix,and
finallytheroot
2
prefix - root - suffix
1
3
http://goo.gl/3aTwjy
Decodinginthreesteps
OSTEOARTHRITIS
Suffix
-itis = inflammation
Prefix
Osteo = bone
Root
arthro- = joint
Meaning
inflammation of the bone joint
http://goo.gl/3aTwjy
MedicalTerminology
Page 157
Table 4
Decoding Medical Terms
http://goo.gl/0VGx2V
Decodinginthreesteps
Term
Gastroscopy
Hyperthyroidism
Perinatal
Amniocentesis
Psycopath
Appendectomy
Anorexia
http://goo.gl/3aTwjy
Prefix
Combining
form
Suffix
Meaning
Decodinginthreesteps
Gastroscopy: Atestthatusesatubeanda
cameratolookinsidethestomach
Hyperthyroidism: Toomuchproductionof
hormonesbythethyroidgland
Perinatal: Aroundbirth
Amniocentesis: Analysisofamnioticfluid
Psychopath: ApatientwithAntisocial
PersonalityDisorder(DSMIV)
Appendectomy: surgicalremovalofthe
appendix
Anorexia: noappetite
http://goo.gl/3aTwjy
Rememberthethreesteps
Dividethewordintoitselements:Root,suffix
and
prefix
Decodethemeaningofeachindividualelement
Decipherstartingwiththesuffix,thentheprefix,
and
finallytheroot
prefix - root - suffix
1
3
http://goo.gl/3aTwjy
Pronouncingmedicalterms
Pronouncingmedicaltermscorrectlyisveryimportant
foreffectivecommunication
RememberWillieRamirez’sLEPmother-in-law?
Medicaltermsarecognatesinalmosteverywestern
language.However,sometimestherearefalse
cognates:Intoxicado
http://goo.gl/3aTwjy
Pronouncingterms
Sayingwhatyoumean
Page 158
http://bit.ly/1CiZrHQ
Pronouncingterms
Sayingwhatyoumean
anemia[a-NE-me-a]
angioplasty[AN-je-o-plas-te]
bursitis[ber-SI-tis]
disease[di-ZEZ]
hemoglobin[HE-mo-GLO-bin]
lymphoma[lim-FO-ma]
neuritis[nu-RI-tis]
osteoporosis[OS-te-o-po-RO-sis]
http://bit.ly/1CiZrHQ
Pronouncingterms
Sayingwhatyoumean
Paraplegia[par-a-PLEE-je-uh]
Pulse[puhls]
Radiation[ra-dee-A-shun]
Reflex[REE-fleks]
Retina[RET-i-na]
Rheumatism[RU-ma-tizm]
Sciatica[si-AT-i-ka]
Septum[SEP-tum]
Sinus[SI-nus]
Therapy[THER-a-pee]
Typhoid[TI-foyd]
Vaccine[vak-SEEN]
http://bit.ly/1CiZrHQ
Singularandplural
Medicaltermsareusuallyidentifiablebythe
ending
Threesetsofgrammaticalrules:Greek,Latin
andEnglish(orotherhostlanguage)
http://goo.gl/3aTwjy
Singularandplural
Generalrules:
A endings:PluralisAE:i.e.Scapula/Scapulae
AX endings:PluralisACES:Thorax/Thoraces
IS endings:PluralisES:Neurosis/Neuroses
IX orIE endings:PluralisICES:Cervix/Cervices
UM endings:PluralisA:Septum/Septa
US endings:PluralisI:Calculus/Calculi
Y Endings:PluralisIES:Biopsy/Biopsies
Exceptions:
Virus/Viruses
http://goo.gl/3aTwjy
Review
Whatarethe3wordelementsofmedicalterms?
Whatdoesdermatitis mean?
Whatorgandoesacardiologisttreat?
Whatisaneuroma?
http://goo.gl/3aTwjy
Review
Whatisthepluralofnucleus?
Whatisthemedicaltermforthestudyoftheelderly?
Whatarecomponentsofacombiningform?
http://goo.gl/3aTwjy
Review
Completethesentencesusingamedicalterm:
JudyinjuredherkneeandtheDr.wantstousean
instrumenttoseeinsideherjoint.Thisinstrumentis
called___________________
Tomhasahistoryofbleedingstomachulcers.Heneedsto
havehisstomachremoved.Thisprocedureis
called__________________
Amyhasanenlargedliver.Themedicaltermforthis
is_________________
http://goo.gl/3aTwjy
Quiztime
DailyQuiz
WhatdoesHYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIAmean?
a.Highconcentrationofcholesterolintheliver
b.Lowconcentrationoffatintheliver
c.Highconcentrationofcholesterolintheblood
d.Lowconcentrationoffatintheliver
Howdoyoubuildatermforinflammationinthestomach?
a.Stomachitis
b.Cholitis
c.Enterocholitis
d.Gastritis
DailyQuiz
WhatdoesHYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIAmean?
a.Highconcentrationofcholesterolintheliver
b.Lowconcentrationoffatintheliver
c.Highconcentrationofcholesterolintheblood
d.Lowconcentrationoffatintheliver
Howdoyoubuildatermforinflammationinthestomach?
a.Stomachitis
b.Cholitis
c.Enterocholitis
d.Gastritis
Thanksforyourattention!
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