Ch. 3 Sect. 2 The Spanish and Portuguese Americas
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____________________– a representative of the king who ruled in his name
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____________________– the right given to American colonists by the Spanish government to demand labor or
tribute from Native Americans
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____________________– a Spanish priest who spoke out against the evils of the encomienda system and
pleaded with the king to end the abuse
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____________________– a worker forced to labor for a landlord to pay off a debt
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____________________ – member of the highest class in Spain’s colonies in the Americas
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____________________ – an American-born descendant of Spanish settlers in Spain’s colonies in the Americas
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____________________ – a person of Native American and European descent in Spain’s colonies in the
Americas
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____________________– a person of African and European descent in Spain’s colonies in the Americas
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____________________ – a pirate who operated with the approval of European governments
How did Spain and Portugal build colonies in the Americas?
Spanish ________________________________________followed the conquistadors to the new empire in the Americas.
They established colonies and imposed their will by force. A new ____________________ merged European,
________________________________________elements.
Spain controlled a huge empire by the mid-1500s.
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Spain divided its conquered lands in ________________________________________.
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The king appointed ____________________ to rule in the provinces and established the
____________________ monitor them.
One of Spain’s main goals in the Americas was to spread ____________________
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As a result, ____________________ leaders shared authority with ____________________
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Missionaries ____________________ thousands of Native Americans and worked to turn new converts into
loyal subjects of Spain.
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They also built ____________________, taught the ____________________, and introduced European clothing
and crafts.
Spain closely controlled ____________________ throughout its empire.
Colonists could ____________________
raw material only to Spain.
They could____________________Spanish
____________________ .
Trade with other ____________________was forbidden by law
Spanish planters introduced ____________________to the West Indies. The sugar industry soon became highly
profitable.
Sugar plantations required a large number of ____________________.
Under the ____________________, the Spanish could force ____________________to work in mines and on
plantations.
________________________________________contributed to a sharp decline in the Native American population.
A Spanish priest named ____________________condemned the encomienda system.
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He urged the king to ____________________of Native Americans.
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In 1542, Spain passed the ____________________, which forbade enslavement of Native Americans.
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However, many natives were still forced to become ____________________, or workers forced to labor to pay
off debts.
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____________________suggested that Spain fill the labor shortage by importing workers from
____________________, who had needed skills and were immune to tropical diseases.
The Spanish first brought Africans to the Americas in the ____________________
____________________ were forced to work as slaves in ________________________________________of
landowners.
European, African, and Native American cultures eventually ____________________ together to form a distinct culture
in the Spanish colonies.
____________________changed people’s lives in the Americas.
________________________________________, styles of building, and farming methods were all part of this exchange.
Spanish colonial society was made up of layered social classes.
____________________
People born in Spain
____________________
American-born descendants of Spanish settlers
________________________________________
Those of Native American and European descent and people of
African and European descent, respectively
________________________________________
Those whose heritage did not include Europeans
Spanish settlers lived in towns and cities and established ____________________
The cities were lively centers of government, commerce, and cultural expression.
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____________________became the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world by 1550.
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The ____________________was established by 1551. It was the ____________________in the Americas.
Portugal claimed an empire in the east part of South America. They named this land ____________________
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Portugal’s claim was based on the 1494 ____________________.
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In the 1530s, Portugal began issuing ____________________in Brazil to nobles.
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In return, nobles agreed to ____________________and share profits with the crown.
Unlike the Spanish colonies, Brazil had no rich supplies of ____________________.
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Early settlers cut down and exported ____________________, which was used to produce a valuable
dye.
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Landowners then turned to ________________________________________.
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Brazil depended on ____________________, first from ____________________and then from
____________________
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In time, a ____________________emerged that blended Portuguese, Native American, and African
elements.
Other nations grew jealous of Spain and Portugal’s ________________________________________.
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____________________ traded illegally with Spanish and Portuguese colonists.
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English, French, and Dutch pirates called ____________________ plundered treasure ships. Some operated with
the approval of their ____________________.
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European explorers continued to sail the coasts of the Americas, hunting for riches and a
____________________to Asia.