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orj vfdoh1 Wkh vhfrqg lv > zklfk ghwhuplqhv wkh h{whqw wr zklfk nqrzohgjh fdq eh
dvvlplodwhg1 Zh ydu| iurp 3=<8 wr 4=51 Ydoxhv ri ? 4 lqglfdwh d uhjlph lq zklfk
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frqvlghudeoh hruw1 Wkxv wkh hhfwv ri uhfhlylqj d eurdgfdvw duh d sduwldo devruswlrq
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ri nqrzohgjh lv deoh wr ohds0iurj wkh vhqghu1 Wklv fruuhvsrqgv wr Doohq*v ghvfulswlrq
ri froohfwlyh lqyhqwlrq/ lq zklfk nqrzohgjh lv uhodwlyho| vlpsoh wr devrue dqg hdv| wr
lpsuryh xsrq1
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Uhvxowv
Wkh uvw vhw ri uhvxowv zh h{dplqh kdv wr gr zlwk wkh h!flhqf| ri nqrzohgjh fuhdwlrq
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714
H!flhqf| dqg htxlw| lq nqrzohgjh glxvlrq
Zh h{dplqh wkh h!flhqf| ri wkh qhwzrun vwuxfwxuh lq whupv ri orqj uxq dyhudjh
nqrzohgjh ohyhov1 Wkh vwdwlvwlf zh xvh lv wkh dyhudjh nqrzohgjh ohyho lq wkh hfrqrp|
+W ,1 Wkh sdudphwhu vsdfh fdq eh sduwlwlrqhg lqwr wzr glvwlqfw uhjlrqv fruuhvsrqglqj
wr oh4 dqg A 41 Lq wkh uvw/ nqhz nqrzohgjh lv qrw fuhdwhg/ dqg fkdqjhv lq
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fuhdwlrq dqg glxvlrq1 Zh frqvlghu wkhp vhsdudwho|
71414 Glxvlrq
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uhjlph/ qhwzrun vwuxfwxuh kdv qr dssduhqw hhfw rq orqj uxq nqrzohgjh ohyhov1 Doo
ydoxhv ri s surgxfh wkh vdph orqj uxq vwdwh ri wkh hfrqrp|1 Wkh hhfw ri fkdqjlqj
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4
43
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wr eduwhu/ holplqdwhv wkh qhhg iru d grxeoh frlqflghqfh ri zdqwv iru nqrzohgjh gli0
ixvlrq1 Khqfh holplqdwlqj wklv uhtxluhphqw holplqdwhv wkh dgydqwdjh ri foltxlvkqhvv/
zklfk olhv lq wkh idfw wkdw lq d foltxlvk zruog d idloxuh ri wkh grxeoh frlqflghqfh ri
zdqwv grhv qrw kdyh gudpdwlf frqvhtxhqfhv iru wkhuh duh pdq| rwkhu srvvleoh sdwkv
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1.2
α: absorptive/innovative capacity
N orm alized long
run average
know ledge level
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1
0.9
0.8
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0.6
0.5
1.05
0.4
0.3
0.2
1
0.1
0
0.95
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
p: degree of random ness in netw ork structure
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udwkhu wkdq devroxwh ydoxhv/ wr suhvhuyh ohjlelolw|1 Iru orzhu wkdq 4138/ qr fohdu0
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rqh lq zklfk wkhuh lv dw wkh vdph d vljqlfdqw dprxqw ri orfdo rughu dqg d ihz
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uhvwulfwlqj wr eh ohvv wkdq 1
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odj ylv0ã0ylv wkh vhqghu dv orqj dv wkhlu glvwdqfh lq whupv ri nqrzohgjh hqgrzphqwv
vwd|v ehorz = +vhh htxdwlrq 4,1 Wr judvs wkh orqj whup lpsolfdwlrqv ri wklv/ frqvlghu
nqrzohgjh fdwhjru| n lq zklfk l grplqdwhv m> l1h1 Y A Y = Li l dqg m
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ri wkh pruh nqrzohgjhdeoh djhqw dqg wkh lqlwldo jds ehwzhhq wkh wzr djhqwv1 Ri
frxuvh wkh odujhu wkh kljkhu wkh olplw/ exw wklv zdv lqwxlwlyho| pruh fohdu1 Vr elj
jdsv lq wklv prgho ohdg wr kljk orqj0uxq ohyhov/ xqohvv lqlwldo jdsv duh vr odujh wkdw
wkh| suhfoxgh wudqvplvvlrq1
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vlghuhg/ qdpho| fuhdwlrq dqg glxvlrq1 Wkrxjk lq wkh prgho nqrzohgjh fuhdwlrq dqg
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pdlqo| lq xhqfhv nqrzohgjh fuhdwlrq dqg sdwk ohqjwk gulyhv nqrzohgjh glxvlrq1 Zh
vkdoo qrz h{dplqh wkh lpsruwdqfh ri wkhvh wzr irufhv lq nqrzohgjh jurzwk1
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ri hdfk rwkhu1 Vr zkhq d slhfh ri nqrzohgjh lv uhohdvhg/ d vhoi0uhlqiruflqj orfdo
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dfklhyh yhu| kljk uhvxowv dv wkhuh lv qr krprjhql}lqj whqghqflhv suryrnhg e| rwkhu
sduwv ri wkh judsk1 Lq Iljxuh 7 zh vxppdul}h orqj0uxq nqrzohgjh vwdwhv lq wkuhh
qhwzrun vwuxfwxuhv/ dqg wkh uhjxodu zruog lv wkh uvw ri wkhvh judskv1
Dw wkh rwkhu h{wuhph zh kdyh wkh udqgrp zruog lq zklfk lq rqo| d ihz wudqvplv0
vlrqv nqrzohgjh lv sdvvhg wkurxjk wkh zkroh srsxodwlrq gxh wr vkruw wudyho glvwdqfhv1
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zh kdyh vhhq wkdw wklv lv edg iru nqrzohgjh fuhdwlrq/ dv krprjhqhlw| kxuwv pruh wkdq
lw khosv +vhh htxdwlrq 45,1 Nqrzohgjh glxvlrq lv h!flhqw +khqfh wkh krprjhql}d0
wlrq, exw glvuxswlyh lq wkdw lw vtxhh}hv wkh glvshuvlrq ri shrsoh lq whupv ri nqrzohgjh/
wkhuhe| ohdylqj olwwoh fkdqfh iru nqrzohgjh fuhdwlrq1 Wkh udqgrp zruog lv wkh orzhvw
sduw ri Iljxuh 7/ dqg krprjhqhlw| lv sdwhqw1
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hgjh glxvlrq/ dqg wkh vpdoo zruog wxuqv rxw wr eh wkh nqrzohgjh0jurzwk pd{lpl}lqj
dufklwhfwxuh1 Lw vkduhv prvw ri wkh dgydqwdjhv ri wkh wzr h{wuhphv1 Lw frqqhfwv glv0
wdqw dqg srvvleo| khwhurjhqrxv sduwv ri wkh judsk/ fuhdwlqj wkh srvvlelolw| iru odujh
lqqrydwlyh mxpsv1 Vkruwfxwv eulqj wrjhwkhu sduwv ri wkh judsk lq zklfk/ dw wkh vdph
wlph/ orfdo uhlqirufhphqw lv dw zrun1 Wkhuh lv d whqghqf| wr krprjhql}h ryhudoo
nqrzohgjh ohyhov exw zlwkrxw zhdnhqlqj wrr pxfk orfdo fxpxodwlyhqhvv/ wkxv zh hqg
xs zlwk ohyhov wkdw duh odujhu wkdq lq d krprjhqrxv udqgrp judsk/ exw uhodwlyho|
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fxwv duh lqwurgxfhg/ wkrxjk dv orqj dv wkhuh duh qrw wrr pdq| wkh orfdo uhlqirufhphqw
46
433
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83 433 483 533 583 633 683 733 783 833
Iljxuh 7= Wkh dyhudjh lqglylgxdo orqj0uxq nqrzohgjh ohyhov lq wkuhh w|slfdo vlpxod0
wlrqv uxqv iru = > srsxodwlrq dyhudjhv duh vkrzq dv krul}rqwdo olqhv
@44
47
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goh sduw ri Iljxuh 71 Fruuhvsrqglqj dyhudjh ydoxhv duh uhsuhvhqwhg lq Iljxuh 7 e|
krul}rqwdo olqhv/ dqg zh kdyh > W > = > W
dqg > W =
D vhfrqg frpphqw rqh fdq pdnh lv wkdw wkhuh lv dq dssduhqw wuhqg lq wkh rswlpdo
qxpehu ri vkruwfxwv1 Wklv dulvhv lq wkh pdujlqdo frqwulexwlrq ri d udqgrp frqqhfwlrq
dv lv ydulhg1 Zkhq d vkruwfxw lv dgghg/ wkhuh lv dw wkh vdph wlph d orvv iurp
ghfuhdvlqj foltxlvkqhvvkduplqj orfdo dffxpxodwlrqdqg ehqhwv iurp ghfuhdvlqj
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ri wkh judsk1
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ixqfwlrq ri Dv lqfuhdvhv wkhvh wzr hhfwv jurz lq lpsruwdqfh/ exw zkdw pdwwhuv lv df0
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lqfuhdvhv idvwhu wkdq wkh pdujlqdo frvw ri ghfuhdvlqj foltxlvkqhvv/ wkhq +li wkh vroxwlrq
lv lqwhulru, wkh rswlpdo qxpehu ri vkruwfxwv +ydoxh ri s, zloo lqfuhdvh zlwk 1 Wklv
fdqqrw eh fkhfnhg gluhfwo| vlqfh wkh wzr hhfwv duh qrw vhsdudeoh zlwklq wkh frqwh{w
ri wkh prgho1 Zh fdq shuirup dq lqgluhfw fkhfn lq wkh iroorzlqj zd|/ krzhyhu1 Lq
d uhjxodu zruog/ sdwk ohqjwkv duh orqj/ foltxlvkqhvv lv dw lwv pd{lpxp1 Wkxv wkh
pdlq gulyhu ri jurzwk lq nqrzohgjh ohyhov zloo eh wkh orfdo uhlqirufhphqw wkdw dulvhv
iurp foltxlvkqhvv1 E| frqwudvw/ lq wkh udqgrp zrug foltxlvkqhvv lv plqlpl}hg/ dv lv
sdwk ohqjwk/ vr jurzwk lq dyhudjh nqrzohgjh ohyhov zloo eh gulyhq e| wkh idfw wkdw
glxvlrq lv udslg1 Sorwwlqj orqj uxq nqrzohgjh ohyhov lq wkhvh wzr h{wuhph zruogv
djdlqvw glhuhqw ohyhov ri zloo jlyh dq lqglfdwlrq ri krz wkh wzr hhfwv +lqfuhdvlqj
foltxlvkqhvv dqg ghfuhdvlqj sdwk ohqjwk, fkdqjh lq pdjqlwxgh zlwk 1 Wklv zh gr
lq Iljxuh 81 Wkh ehqhwv ri foltxlvkqhvv lqfuhdvh vorzo| exw vwhdglo| zlwk > wkh
48
ehqhwv ri vkruw sdwkv ulvhv udslgo| zkhq ehfrphv uhodwlyho| odujh1 Wklv vxjjhvwv
wkdw hhfwv ri ghfuhdvlqj sdwk ohqjwk grhv lqghhg lqfuhdvh idvwhu wkdq wkh frvwv ri
ghfuhdvlqj foltxlvkqhvv1 Iljxuh 8 vxjjhvwv wkdw dw vrph srlqw/ l1h1/ iru odujh hqrxjk
0ydoxhv/ wkh ehqhwv iurp vkruwhu sdwkv h{fhhg wkh orvvhv iurp uhgxfhg foltxlvkqhvv1
Zh wxuq qrz wr wkh lvvxh ri htxlw| lq wkh glvwulexwlrq ri nqrzohgjh dfurvv djhqwv1
Iljxuh 9 vkrzv wkh uhodwlrqvkls ehwzhhq wkh hfrqrp|0zlgh nqrzohgjh yduldqfh dv
d ixqfwlrq ri wkh uh0zlulqj suredelolw| s dqg wkh devruswlyh2lqqrydwlyh fdsdflw| 1
Djdlq zh suhvhqw qrupdol}hg ydoxhv1
1.2
α: absorptive/innovative capacity
N orm alized long
run variance
1.15
1
0.9
0.8
1.1
0.7
0.6
0.5
1.05
0.4
0.3
0.2
1
0.1
0
0.95
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
p: degree of random ness in netw ork structure
Iljxuh 9= Orqj uxq khwhurjhqhlw| lq nqrzohgjh doorfdwlrq lq wkh s> 0vsdfh
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5
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α: absorptive/innovative capacity
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p: degree of random ness in netw ork structure
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1
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0.95
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0.1
1
p: degree of random ness in netw ork structure
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