‫الوحدة الثامنة‬
‫‪Unit 8‬‬
‫اللغة اإلنجليزية‬
‫المستوى الرابع‬
‫إعداد األستاذ‬
‫محمد راجح‬
‫‪20‬‬
Unit Eight
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Word
Meaning in Arabic
)adj( ‫) مهجور‬v( ‫هجر‬
‫(ساكن) مقيم‬
‫ازدحام‬
‫دائم‬
‫ظاهرة‬
)‫مفيد ماديا (مربح‬
‫خدمات عامة‬
‫ توتر‬/ ‫ضغط‬
‫نائي‬
‫اتجاه‬/ ‫ميل‬
‫مدني‬
deserted
inhabitant
overcrowding
permanent
phenomenon
profitable
public services
stress
rural
trend
urban
21
The end of village life? ‫نهاية حياة القرية‬
‫كبيرة عندما‬
‫اعداد‬
‫الناس‬
‫المناطق الريفية بيوتهم ينتقلون‬
‫اليجاد‬
When large numbers of people move from their homes in country areas to find better‫البلدان اعمال ذات دخل افضل‬
‫المدن‬
‫القرى‬
‫المزارع‬
‫تترك غالبا عاشوا فيها‬
paid jobs in towns and cities, the villages and farms they once lived in are often left
‫شراء يريد ال احد فارغة‬
‫هناك بيوت‬
‫كسب النقود ال يستطيعون‬
empty. No one wants to buy homes there because they cannot make money out of them.
‫الظاهرة‬
‫ترك المساكن الريفية تسمى‬
This phenomenon , which is called rural depopulation, can lead to
‫باالضافة الى المدن إزدحام‬
‫ناس اقل‬
‫المناطق الريفية‬
Overcrowding in cities as well as for fewer people in country areas.
‫مثال‬
‫الظاهرة‬
‫منطقة‬
One example of this phenomenon is the Garrigues area of Spain, about one
‫برشلونا على بعد ساعة بالسيارة‬
‫متوسطي‬
‫مناخ‬
hour's drive from Barcelona. The area has a Mediterranean climate, but because it is
‫مرتفعة‬
‫ليست قريبة‬
‫درجات الحرارة الشتاء للبحر‬
‫منخفضة‬
‫سنوي‬
high and not close to the sea, winter temperatures are quite low. The area has an annual
‫معدل االمطار‬
‫تسقط‬
‫الخريف‬
rainfall level of 482mm which falls in only 47 days of the year, during the autumn
‫الربيع‬
‫تاريخيا‬
‫ناجحة‬
‫المرتفعة على منطقة زراعية‬
and spring. Historically, this was a successful agricultural area; on the higher
‫األرض‬
‫يزرعون المزارعون‬
‫لوز‬
‫أعناب‬
‫القمح وديان األنهار‬
‫ذرة‬
ground, the farmers grew almonds and vines, while in the river valleys, wheat, corn,
‫الحبوب‬
‫المحاصيل التقليدية‬
‫خصوصا كانت المنطقة‬
‫معروفة‬
beans and sunflowers were the traditional crops. The area was particularly well-known
‫زيت الزيتون جودة عالية‬
‫بشكل رئيسي كان يزرع‬
‫للتصدير‬
‫عدد السكان‬
for its high-quality olive oil which was grown mainly for export. The population of the
‫للمنطقة‬
‫اعاله‬
‫القرية التقليدية‬
area was at its highest about 150 years ago, when a typical village
‫سكان‬
‫بينما‬
‫بعض القرى‬
might have 500 inhabitants, whereas now some villages have as few as 100
‫مقيم‬
‫ساكن‬
‫أصبحت الزراعة‬
‫اقل مردودا‬
permanent inhabitants. But as farming became less and less profitable, and
‫ارتفعت البطالة‬
‫االنتقال بداوا السكان‬
‫للمدن‬
‫عمل إليجاد‬
unemployment grew, the population began to move to the cities to find work. This
‫االتجاه‬
‫بدأ‬
‫استمر‬
‫اليوم‬
‫بشكل رئيسي تتكون من قرى‬
trend started in 1860 and has continued to this day. Now some villages consist mainly
‫كبار السن‬
‫تعاني‬
‫اإلفراغ السكاني تأثيرات‬
‫السيئة‬
of elderly people. The area is suffering from the effects of depopulation, such as poor
‫الخدمات العامة‬
‫المزارع المهجورة‬
public services and deserted farms.
‫األجزاء‬
‫على كل حال السنوات األخيرة أوروبا‬
‫الحركة‬
‫الريف‬
‫للمدينة‬
In some parts of Europe in recent years, however, the move from the country to the city
‫تراجعت‬
‫ينتقلون الناس األغنياء‬
‫للريف‬
‫للهرب‬
‫من‬
has been reversed as wealthy people move to the countryside to escape from the
‫االزدحام‬
‫التلوث‬
‫ضغط المدن‬
‫البعض‬
‫ينتقل‬
‫بشكل دائم‬
overcrowding, pollution and stress of city life. Some are moving permanently, but
22
‫الكثير‬
‫بيوت لنهاية األسبوع العطل يشترون‬
‫فارغة‬
‫معظم‬
‫السنة‬
many are buying holiday or weekend homes which are empty for much of the year.
4 Read the article again and answer these questions.
A-Define 'depopulation' in your own words.
B- What happens to the villages and farms ?
C- How can it affect the towns and cities?
D- List four characteristics of Garrigues.
E- Why did people start to move out of Garrigues?
F- Is depopulation common in Jordan ? Explain.
Answer :
A-depopulation happens when people leave the countryside to look for work in cities. Their
villages and farms are left empty , and no one wants to live in the country because there are few
jobs there.
B. They are depopulated , therefore public services are poor and farms deserted.
C. They become overcrowded and polluted.
D. Garrigues has Mediterranean climate , is cold in winter , has low rainfall , was successful
agricultural area , crops are grown on higher ground and in river valleys ; its olive oil was wellknown
E. To find work.
F. Student's own answers .
23
Urban and rural life
Unit 8
Module 3 : lifestyles
a deserted
b inhabitant
c overcrowding
d phenomenon
e profitable
f public services
g rural
empty because people have left ‫مهجور‬
someone who lives in a place ‫مقيم‬
having too many people ‫ازدحام‬
something that happens or exists ‫ظاهرة‬
making money ‫مربح‬
transport, education and health‫خدمات عامة‬
adjective to describe the countryside (not town) ‫ريفي‬
Sounds
a
b
c
d
6
bang 5
click 3
drip 7
roar 1
scream 2
f splash 8
g tick 4
h whistle 6
1 traffic / plane engine
2 a person who is in pain or very frightened
3 a light switch / a car seat belt being fastened
4 an old-fashioned clock
5 a door closing very noisily / a hammer hitting
something hard
6 the wind in the trees / a bird
7 a tap that hasn't been turned off
8 something falling into water
1 Complete these sentences with the correct form of the noise words from this list.
There are more words than you need.
Bang click drip roar scream, splash tick. whistle
a The ……………........ of a plane woke me up in the night.
b Can you hear that................................ noise? Someone must have left a tap on in the
bathroom
c Everyone heard the ................................when he jumped into the swimming pool.
d A friend of mine is terrified of spiders and ................................ if she sees one close to her.
e Digital clocks don't................................ like old fashioned clocks used to.
24
Idioms with and
2 Complete these sentences with idioms from this list.:
4
2
3
pick and choose nearest and dearest odds and ends
1
5
far and wide
hustle and bustle
a People come from ......................... to see the castle in the centre of Karak.
b I love spending time with my........................., so we often have family get-togethers.
c While I was on holiday I bought lots of......................... to give as presents.
d There are lots of restaurants near here. You can ......................... from about fifty.
e Some people enjoy the......................... of shopping in street markets.
2 Rewrite these sentences, replacing the underlined phrases with one of those from the box:
far and wide hustle and bustle nearest and dearest
odds and ends pick and choose rough and ready
a Graduates with first class degrees can often select exactly the jobs they want.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b The country is too quiet for me, I would miss the noise and excitement of the city.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
c I tidied my office the other day and found all kinds of different things on my desk. .
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
d People came from all over the place to see the exhibition.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
e We're having a big celebration next week, so we're inviting all our family and close friends.
............................................................................................................................
Word families (Derivations)
3 Complete these sentences with words derived from the words in brackets.
a The Gulf of Aqaba is an area of great.................... beauty, (nature , natural , naturally )
b Careless drivers can seriously......................... the safety of pedestrians,
(threat , threaten , threatening )
c In my city there is a wide ......................... of entertainments to choose from.
(vary , variety , various))
d I'd like to live in a small .........................village near the sea.
(peace , peaceful , peacefully )
e The storm damage is a lasting......................... of the power of nature,
(remind , reminder , reminded)
f never forget the ......................... I felt on my first day at school,
(excite , excited , excitement )
25
Comparing
Farming is less profitable than it used to be.
The city is much busier than the countryside.
1- To compare between two things or persons
a- with short words :add ________er than
short _________shorter than
big ___________bigger than
heavy _________heavier than
small __________smaller than
EXCEPTIONS :Good (adj ) _________better than
Well (adv) _________ better than
Bad (adj) __________ worse than
Much _______________ more than
Many _______________ more than
Few ________________ fewer than
Little _______________ less than
Far ________________ farther than
Examples :
1- The English book is _________ than the French book.
( small , smaller , the smallest , smallest)
2- Iron is __________ wood.
( heavy , heaviest , heavier , heavier than )
3- Working is__________ playing .
( good , gooder than , better than , the best)
4- The boys are ___________ the girls.
( bad , better , worse than , the worst)
5- The workers were ________ the manager.
( bad , better , worse than , the worst)
b- with long words (two syllables or more )
add more /less-----than
sensitive more sensitive than / less sensitive than
important more important than /less important than
Reading is……………………playing
(most important than , more important , more important than )
26
2- superlatives :- to compare between more than two things :
a-with short words (one syllable words):add the est
small
tall
big
heavy
the smallest
the tallest
the biggest
the heaviest
** exceptions :Good
the best
Well
the best
Bad
the worst
Much
the most
Many
the most
Few
the fewest
Little
the least
Far
the farthest
** examples
1-This is…………………….school in Amman (the bigger , bigger than , the biggest).
2- Ali is…………………… of the six boys ( the strongest , stronger , strong)
3-Moh.Khraisat is……………. in your school ( the goodest , the better , the best).
4-she is ………………… student I have ever seen. ( clever , the cleverest , cleverer than)
5-Abu Shawer is…………………. In the class.( the worst , worse than , the worse , better).
b- with long words (two syllables or more )
add the most
important comfortable
carefully
the most important
the most comfortable
the most carefully.
Examples :
1. Lara is…………………………… girl in our school
(intelligent , the more intelligent , the most intelligent)
2. …………………… film I have ever seen was for Harison Ford
( the most interesting , more interesting , interesting )
27
Contrasting
There are several words and expressions we can use to contrast ideas.
1. Whereas ( while) (this joins two clauses ) :
Whereas + S + V … .., S+ V……….,
S + V …… , whereas (while) + S + V
I prefer living in the town , whereas my brother prefers the country.
Whereas some people enjoy the outdoor life , others spend all their time indoors.
2. But (this joins two clauses ) :
S + V ….. (,) but S+ V……….,
My brother prefers living in country but I prefer the town.
3. On the other hand (this doesn't join two clauses ) :
S + V ….., (complete sentence). On the other hand , S+ V….(complete sentence)
Traveling by car is very cheap. On the other hand , flying is much quicker.
4. instead of
Instead of
+ noun (noun phrase )
Instead of flying , let's go by car.
Could I have tea instead of coffee , please?
5. In comparison with
In comparison with + noun (noun phrase )
Compared with
+ noun (noun phrase )
In comparison with flying , driving is quite slow and dangerous .
28
Join each two items to form one new sentence using the given
linking words without changing their meanings .
- 150 years ago , a typical village might have had 500 inhabitants . Some
villages have as few as 100 permanent inhabitants now. (whereas ) ( but )
- village life . city life can be quite stressful. (whereas)
- Some people love the village life that they can’t stay out for more than
few days . some people prefer an exciting city to a quiet village. (on
the other hand)
- Buildings and streets . All I can see from my window are fields and
trees. ( instead of )
- Farming is less profitable than it used to be . working in the city can
generate millions sometimes . . (whereas ) ( but )
-City people have to drive slowly . country people can drive quite fast. .
(whereas ) ( but )
-
city people . country people can drive quite fast.
29
- City people often live in apartments . Country people live in houses . (In
comparison with)
-
City people buy vegetables from shops………….. country people often
grow their own vegetables . . (whereas ) ( but )
.-Seoul in South Korea, Paris, the capital of France, is quite a small city . (in
comparison with)
-Seoul has a population of over 10 million people, Paris only has 2 million.
(Whereas )
- I've decided to learn Chinese .French at university. (instead of )
- Chinese grammar is not too difficult. the pronunciation
will be very hard for me. ( but )
2 Match the sentences a-d with the corresponding sentences 1-4 below. Then write new
sentences using the word or phrase in brackets.
a Amman is the largest city in Jordan. Brasilia is small compared with cities like Rio de
Janeiro. (but)
……………………………………………………………….
b Brasilia is not the major cultural and economic centre of Brazil. Amman is the cultural and
economic hub of Jordan.
(whereas)
……………………………………………………………………………………….
C Brasilia contains only a small proportion of the Brazilian population. Amman is home to a
third of the Jordanian population.
(while)
30
………………………………………………………………………………………….
d Brasilia is a very modern city. Amman is not a new city, there are many modern and
futuristic-looking skyscrapers. (and although)
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
31
Writing : An email giving recommendations
Read
1 First, read the email below. Who do you think wrote it and why?
Dear Mr and Mrs Mahmoud,
I think I've found the perfect place for you. It's a palatial villa in a green suburban area that
would really suit your needs. I know you've been complaining about the noise in your current
apartment, so the location of the new one would be a great improvement. It's quiet and calm and
there's a picturesque park just over the road. There isn't even much traffic, and with residents'
parking you'll never have trouble finding a space. It's also a lot more expansive than your current
place and would have lots of room for entertaining. It's not furnished, so all of the furniture you
already own could go straight in. You could make it your own very quickly. It's also an
advantageous location. There's a large supermarket about five minutes away and it's very easy to
reach the motorway. I really think you should arrange a viewing of this place. It's a great find that
you wouldn't want to miss out on.
Many thanks
Ali
Planning and writing
2 Now, using the email above as a guide, write a similar one. You can write to any of the
groups listed in the task box but must suggest a suitable place for them to live. Write your
notes and expand them into an email. Use 120-150 words.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
a Check spelling, grammar and punctuation.
b Exchange emails with a partner.
As you read your partner's composition, ask yourself these
questions:
* Is the email persuasive? Why or why not?
* Is the tone correct for this type of email?
* What could your partner have done to have made their email more persuasive?
C Return your partner's email and exchange thoughts and ideas.
32
Urban and rural life
Module 3 life Style
a embassy
‫سفارة‬
b regulate
c sector
d specific
e fraction
f institution
Unit 8
the offices of the representative of a foreign country
supervise or control
‫ينظم‬
a particular part of an area ‫ قسم‬/ ‫قطاع‬
clearly defined ‫محدد‬
a small amount of something ‫جزء‬
an organization with an important role in the country ‫مؤسسة‬
Reading :
1 As you read the article 'Capital Cities', answer these questions for each city.
a What is the population of these cities?
………………………………………………………..
b
When did they become capital cities?
………………………………………………………..
c
What are the differences between Amman and Brasilia?
………………………………………………………..
d In your opinion, which of these two cities is the more typical capital city? Why?
………………………………………………………..
Capital Cities
‫عاصمة‬
‫دولة‬
‫مدينة أعظم‬
‫عدد سكان اكبر‬
The capital city of a country is very often its greatest city, with the largest population and the
‫أهم‬
‫إدارية‬
‫بنايات‬
‫العواصم‬
‫الحكومة‬
‫باالضافة الى مكاتب‬
most important administrative buildings. Capital cities house government offices, as well as
‫السفارات‬
‫دول اخرى‬
‫مالية‬
‫مراكز‬
‫تحتوي‬
‫وطنية‬
embassies from other countries. They are also financial centers, containing national and
‫دولية‬
‫بنوك‬
‫مؤسسات مالية‬
international banks and other financial institutions.
‫ليست مختلفة‬
‫اخرى‬
‫عواصم‬
‫مقر‬
‫الحكومة‬
Amman is no different from other capital cities in this respect - it is the seat of government and
‫اقتصادي‬
‫ثقافي‬
‫مركز‬
the economic and cultural centre of Jordan.
‫عدد سكان اكبر‬
‫موطن‬
‫ثلث‬
Amman has the biggest population of any city in Jordan and is home to about a third of the
33
‫الناس‬
‫العديد بالرغم‬
‫البنايات‬
‫جميلة‬
‫حديثة‬/‫مستقبلية‬
people -2.3 million people! Although many of the buildings are very smart and futuristic,
‫المدينة‬
‫فعليا‬
‫تاريخ‬
‫يعود‬
‫أسست‬
‫عاصمة‬
the city actually has a history going back over 8,000 years. It was only established as the capital
‫تحتوي‬
‫قديمة‬
‫بنايات‬
in 1921, but has many ancient buildings.
Brasilia, the capital city of Brazil, is both administrative centre and
‫البنايات السياسية المهمة‬
‫مؤسسات‬
‫على عكس مع ذلك‬
contains the key political buildings and institutions. However, unlike
‫ليست‬
‫الثقافي الرئيسي‬
‫المركز االقتصادي‬
Amman, Brasilia is not the major cultural or economic centre of Brazil,
‫موطن‬
‫صغير‬
‫جزء‬
‫الضخم‬
‫عدد السكان‬
and with 2.5 million people, it is home to only a tiny fraction of the huge Brazilian population.
‫بنيت‬
‫اواخر‬
‫مدينة جديدة‬
‫عاصمة‬
Built in the late 1950s, it is a new city and has only been the capital of Brazil since 1960. It
‫اخذت السيطرة‬
‫تبقى‬
‫اقتصادي رئيسي‬
‫مركز ثقافي‬
‫باالضافة الى‬
took over from Rio de Janeiro, which remains a major economic and cultural centre, as
well as having population of
‫مدينة حديثة‬
‫المخططون‬
many millions more. Brasilia is a very modern city and because it is so new, planners
‫ينظموا‬
‫إطارها العام‬
‫مقس‬
‫اقسام‬
‫مناطق خاصة‬
were able to strictly regulate its layout. It is divided into sectors, with specific zones for
‫لالعمال‬
‫الصناعة‬
‫حكومة‬
‫مناطق سكنية‬
business, industry, government and 125 residential areas.
34
Capital Cities
1- Which city in the country is often the capital?
2- What kinds of buildings do capital cities usually contain?
3- What is the percentage of the population of Jordanians who live in
Amman?
4- Quote the sentence which shows that Amman contains aspects that reflect both
future and past?
5- When did Amman start to be a capital city ?
6- How is Brasilia similar to Amman ?
7- How is Brasilia different from Amman ?
8- When was Brasilia built?
9- When did Brasilia start to be a capital city?
10- Which city was a capital city before Brasilia?
35
Model Answer
1- It's the greatest city with the largest population and the most important
administrative buildings.
2- a. capital cities , b. embassies , c. international banks d. other financial
institutions
3- A third of the population of Jordan .
4- Although many of the buildings are smart and futuristic , the city actually
has a history going back over 8.000 years.
5- in 1921
6- Like Amman it's an administrative centre and contains the key political
buildings and institutions.
7- Unlike Amman , Brasilia is not the major cultural or economic centre , and
it is home to only a tiny fraction of the Brazilian population.
8- In the late 1950
9- In 1960
10- Rio de Janeiro.
3 Read the first part of the article again and complete these sentences with one of the words from this list.
capital
residential
government
financial
industrial
administrative
a The.................................................. area is where
people live.
b ………………………. cities contain key
.............................. buildings such as the
parliament.
c Government buildings are often known
as........................................ buildings.
d In Brasilia, if you wanted to build a factory, you
would do it in the .....................sector.
e Banking and other............................. institutions
are usually based in the
capital city.
4 Are these statements about Amman, Brasilia or both?
Answer A, B or both.
a It is the largest city in the country. ..............................
b It is an ancient city. ..............................
36
C It is the administrative centre of the country.
..............................
d It is an important cultural centre...............................
e It only became a capital city during the twentieth
century. ..............................
f It is a new city. ...........................
Writing : Describing places to live
1 Match these descriptions A-C with the correct pictures 1-3.
A This architect-designed house has two storeys and is
located in a village two kilometers from the sea. It has a
tiled roof which provides shady areas on both the ground
floor and first floor. The house is surrounded by a colorful
garden which has been well looked after. The property
overlooks a luxurious swimming pool.
B This two-storey modern house is situated on the
outskirts of a medium-sized town. It is surrounded by a
large garden with a lawn, trees, shrubs and hedges. It has a
flat roof and there are balconies outside the first floor
windows. It is painted white and there are no other houses
nearby.
C This two-storey modern building is located in a
residential area in the suburbs of a large city. It has a small
garden with recently planted trees and shrubs. The
property is surrounded by a low wall which separates it
from a quiet street. The house has a flat roof.
2 Read the descriptions again and make lists of the
following.
Words and phrases used to
describe where the houses are
located
Example: is located in a
village two kilometers from the
sea
................................................................................
.............
Adjectives used to
describe the buildings and
gardens
37
Example:
architect-designed.
…………………………………………………………………………
…
…………………………………………………………………………
…
Nouns for different parts of
the buildings Example: two
storeys
…………………………………………………………………
…
Nouns for different natural features Example:
trees
……………………………………………………
…………………………
…….
3 Write your own description of a building you
know well. It could be the building you live in. Use
the descriptions in exercise 1 as models and include
the following: Use words and phrases like those
you listed in exercise 2 above. Write 50-60 words.
the location of the building
the appearance of the outside of the building
information about any natural features near the
building
.‫تم تحميل الملف من شبكة منهاجي التعليمية‬
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