Name:________________________ Date:____________ Blk:_______ The Political Spectrum -­‐ Government A Government is a system of rule • Too little = Chaos • Too much = _____________________ • Political Ideology – a perspective that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation • Political ideologies or belief systems can be described in terms of _________________, __________________, and __________________ The Purpose of Government To organize society for common action so that the needs of every individual can be met. • Economic Needs __________________________________________________ • Social Needs __________________________________________________ • Legal Needs ___________________________________________________ Freedom The belief that the rights of each individual in society are of primary importance. Equality The belief that all individuals in a society should be treated in the same way. Governments attempt to balance freedom and equality. Political ideologies have different beliefs regarding the importance of freedom and equality. The Political Spectrum • The __________________________ is a line along where various political ideologies and political parties are placed • This line has a _____________, , and a side • The extreme ends of the line represent extreme political beliefs while the centre is associated with more moderate beliefs The centre of the political spectrum is associated with the form of government. •
Name:________________________ Date:____________ Blk:_______ •
The extreme ends of the line on both the right and the left are in form. Totalitarian forms of government are found at the extreme ends of the political spectrum on both the left and the right. in this form of government. •
In a totalitarian regime the . •
•
The Left Side of the Spectrum • The political beliefs of the left side of the spectrum support and __________________or _______________ in society • The ____________________ is associated with Socialism and the Social Democratic parties are located on the left inside the circle COMMUNISM • Belief in the economic equality of all people; want to abolish all private property. Wealth is owned in a classless society and by all members. • Non – democratic, the government controls all businesses • __________________________________________________________________ •
•
ORIGINS Karl Marx wrote the ‘Communist Manifesto’ in which he indicated that economic equality would only be achieved after a violent revolution. Marx believed that the working people or proletariat would take power from their capitalist masters. SOCIALISM • Belief that society is __________________and that government should ___________________ it. The government should control some means of production; and support government intervention in the economy to ensure that society is taken care of. • Believe in economic equality but only if it can be achieved through _______________________ • Improve society through__________________________ •
Mostly government, but a few private enterprises as well •
Larger taxation à ____________________________________ •
Democratic socialist political parties can be found in most modern democratic states including Canada. The Right Side of the Political Spectrum • Political beliefs on the right side of the line support ________ Name:________________________ Date:____________ Blk:_______ and ______________________ in society. • The extreme right is associated with _______________ • Because the beliefs of conservatism are ___________________it is located inside the circle. FASCISM • A government system run by a dictator, that has _________________________. Believe in the dominance of the _____________________over the rights of the ________________________. The principals of nationalism and racism are stressed to the people. • Repression of all opposition and extreme nationalism. Limited economic freedom, strong government regulations. • Dictatorship • _________________________ • Non-­‐democratic ORIGINS • Fascism as a political ideology began in Italy in 1922 with the regime of Benito Mussolini. • In Germany the National Socialist Party led by Hitler came to power in 1933. • This was a backward political philosophy which stressed militarism and racial purity. •
CONSERVATISM • Based on a tendency to support __________________, rather than abrupt change. Focus is on ________________________. • Strong belief in ________________________. • Belief in ________________________ public and Government services • __________________ taxes • Favour armies • Dislike economic equality LIBERALISM Belief that the current system is not all bad, but has some flaws. Liberals _______________________ to improve society, but are more___________________________ about it. They feel that the _______________________________________________________. Focus in on the individual – liberties, freedoms (freedom of speech, association, religion etc.). •
•
_________________– government should not be involved in more than necessary _________________ – stronger commitment to government intervention Name:________________________ Date:____________ Blk:_______ The “isms” COMMUNISM: You have two cows. Give both cows to the government and they may give you some of the milk. SOCIALISM : You have two cows. Give one cow to your neighbour FASCISM: You have two cows. You give all the milk to the government, and the government sells it. CAPITALISM: You have two cows. Sell one cow and buy a bull. NAZISM: You have two cows. The government shoots you and takes both cows. ANARCHISM: You have two cows. Keep both of the cows, shoot the government agent, and steal another cow. Formation of Political Parties • Political parties from the basic political ideologies. • In a democracy, political parties are found the circle at the centre of the political spectrum. • Political parties may be left or right of centre. • Political parties are not fixed in one location but may move left or right depending on current public opinion.