ERRATUM
for
Volume 160 of the Initial Reports of the Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program
After final pages had been printed for Vol. 160 of the Initial Reports of the ODP
Proceedings, an error was found in Chapter 6, pages 150-153.
The caption for the figures on pages 150-151 reads as follows:
Hole 965A: Natural Gamma Ray-Density-Porosity Logging Data
The caption for the figures on pages 152-153 reads as follows:
Hole 965A: Natural Gamma Ray-Resistivity-Sonic Logging Data
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
OCEAN DRILLING
PROGRAM
VOLUME 1 6 0
INITIAL REPORTS
MEDITERRANEAN I
Covering Leg 160 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel JOIDES Resolution,
Las Palmas, Gran Canada, to Naples, Italy, Sites 963-973,
7 March-3 May 1995
J
*J**J
Kay-Christian Emeis, Alastair H.F. Robertson, Carl Richter, Marie-Madeleine Blanc-Valleron,
Ioanna Bouloubassi, Hans-Jürgen Brumsack, Adrian Cramp, Gerrit Jan De Lange,
Enrico Di Stefano, Rachel Flecker, Edgar Frankel, Michael W. Howell, Thomas R. Janecek,
Maria-José Jurado-Rodriguez, Alan E.S. Kemp, Itaru Koizumi, Achim Kopf,
Candace O. Major, Yossi Mart, Daniel F.C. Pribnow, Alain Rabaute, Andrew P. Roberts,
Jürgen H. Rullkötter, Tatsuhiko Sakamoto, Silvia Spezzaferri, T. Scott Staerker,
Joseph S. Stoner, Brian M. Whiting, John M. Woodside
Shipboard Scientists
Carl Richter
Shipboard Staff Scientist
Prepared by the
OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM
TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
Elsa Kapitan-White
Volume Editor
in cooperation with the
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
and
JOINT OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS, INC.
This publication was prepared by the Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, as an
account of work performed under the international Ocean Drilling Program, which is managed by
Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., under contract with the National Science Foundation. Funding for the program was provided by the following agencies at the time of this cruise:
Canada/Australia Consortium for the Ocean Drilling Program, Department of Energy, Mines and
Resources (Canada), and Department of Primary Industries and Energy (Australia)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Federal Republic of Germany)
European Science Foundation Consortium for Ocean Drilling (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Greece,
Iceland, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and Turkey)
Institut Français de Recherche pour 1'Exploitation de la Mer (France)
National Science Foundation (United States)
Natural Environment Research Council (United Kingdom)
University of Tokyo, Ocean Research Institute (Japan)
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those
of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, the participating agencies, Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., Texas A&M University, or Texas A&M
Research Foundation.
Reference to the whole or to part of this volume should be made as follows:
Emeis, K.-C, Robertson, A.H.F., Richter, C , et al., 1996. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 160: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program).
Shipboard Scientific Party, 1996. Site 967. In Emeis, K.-C, Robertson, A.H.F., Richter, C , et al.,
Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 160: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 215-287.
Effective Publication Dates of ODP Proceedings
According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the date of publication of a work
and of a contained name or statement affecting nomenclature is the date on which the publication
was mailed to subscribers, placed on sale, or when the whole edition is distributed free of charge,
mailed to institutions and individuals to whom free copies are distributed. The mailing date, not the
printed date, is the correct one.
The mailing dates of recent Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program are as follows:
Volume
Volume
Volume
Volume
Volume
Volume
157 {Initial Reports): November 1995
158 {Initial Reports): January 1996
159/159T {Initial Reports): February 1996
144 {Scientific Results): December 1995
145 {Scientific Results): December 1995
146, Pt. 1 {Scientific Results): December 1995
Distribution
Copies of this publication may be obtained from Publications Distribution Center, Ocean Drilling Program, 1000 Discovery Drive, College Station, Texas 77845-9547, U.S.A. Orders for copies will
require advance payment. See current ODP publication list for price and availability of this publication.
Printed April 1996
ISSN 0884-5883
Library of Congress 87-655-674
Printed in Canada by Friesens.
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984 ™
Foreword
By the National Science Foundation
The National Science Foundation is proud to play a leading role in partnership with the
U.S. Oceanographic community in the operation and management of the Ocean Drilling
Program (ODP). We are equally proud of the cooperation and commitment of our international partners, who contribute both financial and intellectual resources required to maintain the high quality of this unique program. The Ocean Drilling Program, like its
predecessor, the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP), is a model for the organization and
planning of research to address global scientific problems that are of high priority internationally and of long-term interest to the scientific community and general public.
Major scientific themes guiding the development of specific drilling cruises range from
determining the causes and effects of oceanic and climatic variability to understanding the
circulation of fluids in the ocean crust and the resultant formation of mineral deposits.
Although such studies are at the forefront of basic scientific inquiry into the processes that
control and modify the global environment, they are equally important in providing the
background for assessing man's impact on the global environment or for projecting
resource availability for future generations.
The transition from the DSDP to the ODP was marked by a number of changes. The
471-foot JOIDES Resolution, which replaced the Glomar Challenger, has allowed larger
scientific parties and the participation of more graduate students, a larger laboratory and
technical capability, and operations in more hostile ocean regions. The JOIDES Resolution has drilled in all of the world's oceans, from the marginal ice regions of the Arctic to
within sight of the Antarctic continent. Over 1,200 scientists and students from 26 nations
have participated on project cruises. Cores recovered from the cruises and stored in ODP
repositories in the United States and Europe have provided samples to an additional 1,000
scientists for longer term post-cruise research investigations. The downhole geochemical
and geophysical logging program, unsurpassed in either academia or industry, is providing remarkable new data with which to study the Earth.
In 1994, NSF and our international partners renewed our commitment to the program
for its final phase. Of the 20 countries that supported ODP initially, only one, Russia, has
been unable to continue for financial reasons. As the reputation and scientific impact of
the program continue to grow internationally, we hope to add additional members and new
scientific constituencies. This global scientific participation continues to assure the program^ scientific excellence by focusing and integrating the combined scientific knowledge and capabilities of its member nations.
We wish the program smooth sailing and good drilling!
Neal Lane
Director
National Science Foundation
Arlington, Virginia
Foreword
By Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc.
This volume presents scientific and engineering results from the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). The papers presented here address the scientific and technical goals of the
program, which include providing a global description of geological and geophysical
structures including passive and active margins and sediment history, and studying in
detail areas of major geophysical activity such as mid-ocean ridges and the associated
hydrothermal circulations.
The Ocean Drilling Program, an international activity, operates a specially equipped
deep-sea drilling ship, the JOIDES Resolution (Sedco/BP 471), which contains state-ofthe-art laboratories, equipment, and computers. The ship is 471 feet (144 meters) long, is
70 feet (21 meters) wide, and has a displacement of 18,600 short tons. Her derrick towers
211 feet (64 meters) above the waterline, and a computer-controlled dynamic-positioning
system stabilizes the ship over a specific location while drilling in water depths up to
27,000 feet (8230 meters). The drilling system collects cores from beneath the seafloor
with a derrick and drawworks that can handle 30,000 feet (9144 meters) of drill pipe.
More than 12,000 square feet (1115 square meters) of space distributed throughout the
ship is devoted to scientific laboratories and equipment. The ship sails with a scientific
and technical crew of 51 and a ship's crew (including the drill crew) of 62. The size and
ice-strengthening of the ship allow drilling in high seas and ice-infested areas as well as
permit a large group of multidisciplinary scientists to interact as part of the scientific
party.
Logging, or measurements in the drilled holes, is an important part of the program.
ODP provides a full suite of geochemical and geophysical measurements for every hole
deeper than 1300 feet (400 meters). For each such hole, there are lowerings of basic
oil-industry tools: nuclear, sonic, and electrical. In addition, a Formation MicroScanner is
available for high-resolution imaging the wall of the hole, a 12-channel logging tool provides accurate velocity and elastic property measurements as well as sonic waveforms for
spectral analysis of energy propagation near the wall of the hole, and a vertical seismic
profiler can record reflectors from below the total depth of the hole.
The management of the Ocean Drilling Program involves a partnership of scientists
and governments. International oversight and coordination are provided by the ODP
Council, a governmental consultative body of the partner countries, which is chaired by a
representative from the United States National Science Foundation (NSF). The ODP
Council periodically reviews the general progress of the program and discusses financial
plans and other management issues. Overall scientific and management guidance is provided to the operators of the program by representatives from the group of institutions
involved in the program, called the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES).
The Executive Committee (EXCOM), made up of the administrative heads of the
JOIDES institutions, provides general oversight for ODP. The Planning Committee
(PCOM), with its advisory structure, is made up of working scientists and provides scientific advice and detailed planning. PCOM has a network of panels and working groups that
screen drilling proposals, evaluate instrumentation and measurement techniques, and
assess geophysical-survey data and other safety and siting information. PCOM uses the
recommendations of the panels and committees to select drilling targets, to specify the
location and major scientific objectives of each two-month drilling segment or leg, and to
provide the science operator with nominations for co-chief scientists.
Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. (JOI), a nonprofit consortium of U.S. Oceanographic institutions, serves as the National Science Foundation^ prime contractor for
ODP. JOI is responsible for seeing that the scientific objectives, plans, and recommendations of the JOIDES committees are translated into scientific operations consistent with
scientific advice and budgetary constraints. JOI subcontracts the operations of the program to two universities: Texas A&M University and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
of Columbia University. JOI is also responsible for managing the U.S. contribution to
ODP under a separate cooperative agreement with NSF.
Texas A&M University (TAMU) serves as science operator for ODP. In this capacity,
TAMU is responsible for planning the specific ship operations, actual drilling schedules,
and final scientific rosters, which are developed in close cooperation with PCOM and the
relevant panels. The science operator also ensures that adequate scientific analyses are
performed on the cores by maintaining the shipboard scientific laboratories and computers
and by providing logistical and technical support for shipboard scientific teams. Onshore,
TAMU manages scientific activities after each leg, is curator for the cores, distributes
samples, and coordinates the editing and publication of scientific results.
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) of Columbia University is responsible for
the program's logging operation, including processing the data and providing assistance to
scientists for data analysis. The ODP Data Bank, a repository for geophysical data, is also
managed by LDEO.
Core samples from ODP and the previous Deep Sea Drilling Project are stored for
future investigation at four sites: ODP Pacific and Indian Ocean cores at TAMU, DSDP
Pacific and Indian Ocean cores at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, ODP and
DSDP Atlantic and Antarctic cores through Leg 150 at LDEO, and ODP Atlantic and Antarctic cores since Leg 151 at the University of Bremen, Federal Republic of Germany.
Scientific achievements of ODP include new information on early seafloor spreading
and how continents separate and the margins evolve. The oldest Pacific crust has been
drilled and sampled. We have new insights into glacial cycles and the fluctuations of
ocean currents throughout geological time. ODP has also provided valuable data that shed
light on fluid pathways through the lithosphere, global climate change both in the Arctic
and near the equator, past sea-level change, seafloor mineralization, the complex tectonic
evolution of oceanic crust, and the evolution of passive continental margins.
Many of the scientific goals can be met only with new technology; thus, the program
has focused on engineering as well as science. To date, ODP engineers have demonstrated
the capability to drill on bare rock at mid-ocean-ridge sites and have developed techniques
for drilling in high-temperature and corrosive regions typical of hydrothermal vent areas.
A new diamond coring system promises better core recovery in difficult areas. In a close
collaborative effort between ODP engineers and scientists, a system has been developed
that seals selected boreholes ("CORKs") and monitors downhole temperature, pressure,
and fluid composition for up to three years. When possible, ODP is also taking advantage
of industrial techniques, such as logging while drilling, to obtain continuous downhole
information in difficult-to-drill formations.
JOI is pleased to have been able to play a facilitating role in the Ocean Drilling Program and its cooperative activities, and we are looking forward to many new, exciting
results in the future.
ry
1 /
^
Washington, D.C.
James D. Watkins
Admiral, U.S. Navy (Retired)
President
Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc.
OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM
MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS OF THE JOINT
OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FOR
DEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES)
University of California at San Diego, Scripps Institution
of Oceanography
Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
University of Hawaii, School of Ocean and Earth Science
and Technology
University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and
Atmospheric Science
Oregon State University, College of Oceanic and
Atmospheric Sciences
University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of
Oceanography
Texas A&M University, College of Geosciences and
Maritime Studies
University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Geophysics
University of Washington, College of Ocean and Fishery
Sciences
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Canada/Australia Consortium for the Ocean Drilling
Program, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources
(Canada) and Department of Primary Industries and
Energy (Australia)
European Science Foundation Consortium for Ocean
Drilling (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Iceland,
Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, and Turkey)
Federal Republic of Germany, Bundesanstalt für
Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe
France, Institut Français de Recherche pour 1'Exploitation
de la Mer
Japan, University of Tokyo, Ocean Research Institute
United Kingdom, Natural Environment Research Council
PRIME CONTRACTOR
Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc.
Washington, D.C.
David A. Falvey
Director, Ocean Drilling Programs
OPERATING INSTITUTION
College of Geosciences and Maritime Studies
Texas A&M University
College Station, Texas
Robert A. Duce
Dean
OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM
Paul J. Fox
Director
Timothy J.G. Francis
Deputy Director
Richard G. McPherson
Administrator
Jack G. Baldauf, Manager
Science Operations
Ann Klaus, Manager
Publications
Russell B. Merrill, Curator and Manager
Information Services
Robert E. Olivas, Manager
Technical and Logistics Support
LOGGING OPERATOR
Borehole Research Group
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
Columbia University
Palisades, New York
David Goldberg, Head
PARTICIPANTS ABOARD THE JOIDES RESOLUTIOIS FOR LEG 160
Kay-Christian Emeis
Co-Chief Scientist
Institut für Ostseeforschung Warnemünde
Seestrasse 15
18119 Warnemünde
Federal Republic of Germany
Gerrit Jan De Lange
Inorganic Geochemist
Department of Geochemistry
Institute of Earth Sciences
Budapestlaan 4
3584 CD Utrecht
The Netherlands
Alastair H.F. Roberston
Co-Chief Scientist
Grant Institute
University of Edinburgh
West Mains Road
Edinburgh EH9 3JW
United Kingdom
Enrico Di Stefano
Paleontologist (nannofossils)
Department of Geology and Geodesy
Palermo University
Corso Tukory, 131
Italy
Carl Richter
Staff Scientist
Ocean Drilling Program
Texas A&M University Research Park
1000 Discovery Drive
College Station, Texas 77845-9547
U.S.A.
Rachel Flecker
Structural Geologist
Department of Geology and Geophysics
Edinburgh University
West Mains Road
Edinburgh EH9 3JW
United Kingdom
Marie-Madeleine Blanc-Valleron
Sedimentologist
Laboratoire de Géologie du Museum National
d'Histoire Naturelle
URA 723 - CNRS
43 rue Bujfon
75005 Paris
France
Edgar Frankel
Sedimentologist
Department of Applied Geology
University of Technology, Sydney
P.O. Box 123
Broadway 2007
Australia
Ioanna Bouloubassi
Organic Geochemist
Department of Geology and Oceanography
University of Bordeaux I
Avenue des Facultés
33405 Talence Cedex
France
Hans-Jürgen Brumsack
Inorganic Geochemist
Institut für Chemie und Biologie des
Meeres (ICBM)
University of Oldenburg
P.O. Box 2503
D-26111 Oldenburg
Federal Republic of Germany
Adrian Cramp
Sedimentologist
Marine Geosciences Research Group
Department of Earth Sciences
UWCC
P.O. Box 914
Cardiff
United Kingdom
* Addresses at time of cruise.
Michael W. Howell
Paleontologist (foraminifers)
SCAMP
College of Sciences and Mathematics
University of South Carolina
Columbia, South Carolina 29208
U.S.A.
Thomas R. Janecek
Stratigraphic Coordinator
Antarctic Marine Geology Research Facility
Department of Geology
108 Carraway Building
Florida State University
Tallahassee, Florida 32306-3026
U.S.A.
Maria-José Jurado-Rodriguez
Logging Specialist
Geophysikalisches Institut
University of Karlsruhe
Hertzstrasse 16
D-76187 Karlsruhe
Federal Republic of Germany
Alan E.S. Kemp
Sedimentologist
Department of Oceanography
University of Southampton
Southampton, SOU IBJ
United Kingdom
Itaru Koizumi
Paleontologist (diatoms)
Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Graduate School of Science
Hokkaido University
Sapporo, 060
Japan
Achim Kopf
Structural Geologist
Institut für Geowissenschaften
Universitat Giessen
Senckenbergstrasse 3
D-35390 Giessen
Federal Republic of Germany
Candace O. Major
Sedimentologist
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
Columbia University
Palisades, New York 10964
U.S.A.
Yossi Mart
.
Physical Properties Specialist
Leon Recanati Center for Marine Studies
University of Haifa
Mt. Carmel
Haifa 31905
Israel
Daniel F.C. Pribnow
Physical Properties Specialist
Department of Geology and Geophysics
717 Browning Building
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
U.S.A.
Alain Rabaute
Logging Specialist
Laboratoire de Géochimie Isotopique
Géochronologie-Géochimie-Pétrologie de la
Croüte et de ses Interfaces
Case 066-Place Eugene Bataillon
34095 Montpellier Cedex 05
France
Andrew P. Roberts
Paleomagnetist
Department of Geology
University of California
Davis, California 95616
U.S.A.
Jürgen H. Rullkötter
Organic Geochemist
Institut für Chemie und Biologie des
Meeres (ICBM)
University of Oldenburg
P.O. Box 2503
D-26111 Oldenburg
Federal Republic of Germany
Tatsuhiko Sakamoto
Sedimentologist
Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Graduate School of Science
Hokkaido University
Sapporo, 060
Japan
Silvia Spezzaferri
Paleontologist (foraminifers)
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra
Universita Degli Studi di Milano
Via L. Mangiagalli 34
120133 Milano
Italy
T. Scott Staerker
Paleontologist (nannofossils)
EA Engineering, Science and Technology
1420 Valwood Parkway, Suite 170
Carrollton, Texas 75006
U.S.A.
Joseph S. Stoner
Paleomagnetist
Department of Geology
111 Turlington Hall
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida 32611
U.S.A.
Brian M. Whiting
Physical Properties Specialist
Department of Geological Sciences
101 Slone Building
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0053
U.S.A.
John M. Woodside
Logging Specialist
Free University
De Boelelaan 1085
1081 HV Amsterdam
The Netherlands
SEDCO OFFICIALS
Captain Anthony Ribbens
Master of the Drilling Vessel
Overseas Drilling Ltd.
707 Texas Avenue South, Suite 213D
College Station, Texas 77840-1917
U.S.A.
Robert C. Caldow
Drilling Superintendent
Overseas Drilling Ltd.
707 Texas Avenue South, Suite 213D
College Station, Texas 77840-1917
U.S.A.
ODP ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS PERSONNEL
Eugene Pollard
Operations Manager
ODP TECHNICAL AND LOGISTICS PERSONNEL
Randy Ball
Timothy Bronk
J. Cesar Flores
Margaret Hastedt
Robert Kemp
Kazushi "Kuro" Kuroki
Mont Lawyer
Jaquelyn K. Ledbetter
Greg Lovelace
Erinn McCarty
William G. Mills
Anne Pimmel
Jo Ribbens
William Stevens
Mark Watson
Barry Weber
Alex Wülbers
Marine Laboratory Specialist/Photographer
Marine Laboratory Specialist/Downhole Tools, Thin Section Lab, Storekeeper
Marine Computer Specialist
Assistant Laboratory Officer/Paleomagnetics
Marine Laboratory Specialist/Chemistry
Marine Laboratory Specialist/X-ray
Marine Laboratory Specialist/Underway Geophysics
Marine Laboratory Specialist/X-ray
Marine Laboratory Specialist/Physical Properties
Marine Laboratory Specialist/Curator
Laboratory Officer
Marine Laboratory Specialist/Chemistry
Marine Laboratory Specialist/Yeoperson
Marine Electronics Specialist
Marine Electronics Specialist
Marine Computer Specialist
Marine Laboratory Specialist/Curatorial Assistant
TRACOR PERSONNEL
Marshall Bruni
Tracor Consultant
Ocean Drilling Program Publications Staff*
Publications Manager
Ann Klaus
Senior Publications Coordinator
Gudelia ("Gigi") Delgado
Chief Illustrator
Deborah L. Partain
Editors
Lona Haskins Dearmont
Elsa Kapitan-White
Eva M. Maddox
Jennifer A. Marin
Angeline T. Miller
Ruth N. Riegel
Publications Coordinator
Shelley Rene Cormier
Illustrators
Melany R. Borsack (lead, this volume)
L. Michelle Briggs
Katherine C. Irwin
Nancy H. Luedke
Chief Production Editor
Jennifer Pattison Hall
Senior Photographer
John W. Beck
Production Editors
Karen O. Benson
Jaime A. Gracia
Amy C. Knapp
Christine M. Miller (this volume)
William J. Moran
Photographer
Bradley James Cook
Publications Specialist
M. Kathleen Phillips
Data Entry/Copier Operator
Ann Yeager
Production Assistants
Sharon L. Dunn
William T. Harper
Mary Elizabeth Mitchell
Student Assistants
Pamela Ivette Baires, Maria Barbéy, Katherine Jackson, Lisa Larson, Weyland M.A. Simmons, Alan Toon, Yvonne C. Zissa
' At time of publication.
Publishers Notes
Abbreviations for names of organizations and publications in ODP reference lists follow the style
given in Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (published by American Chemical Society).
The material on the CD-ROM represents information collected aboard ship. Some of this
information has been refined in accord with post-cruise findings, but production schedules prohibit
definitive correlation with subsequent findings. Thus, the reader should be alerted that this is
unedited material, except for the expanded versions of chapter tables.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME 160—INITIAL REPORTS
Acknowledgments
1
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
1. Tectonic introduction
A.H.F. Robertson and Shipboard Scientific Party
5
2. Paleoceanography and sapropel introduction
K.-C. Emeis and Shipboard Scientific Party
21
3. Explanatory notes
Shipboard Scientific Party
29
SECTION 2: SITE CHAPTERS
4. Site 963
55
Shipboard Scientific Party
Site summary
55
Principal results
55
Background and objectives
56
Geological setting
56
Operations
58
Site geophysics
58
Lithostratigraphy
59
Biostratigraphy and sedimentation rates
60
Paleomagnetism
63
Structural geology
63
Composite depths
64
Inorganic geochemistry
67
Organic geochemistry
69
Physical properties
71
Summary and conclusions
73
5. Site 964
85
Shipboard Scientific Party
Site summary
85
Principal results
86
Background and objectives
86
Geological setting
87
Operations
88
Site geophysics
89
Lithostratigraphy
90
Biostratigraphy and sedimentation rates
100
Paleomagnetism
103
Structural geology
104
Composite depths
106
Inorganic geochemistry
108
Organic geochemistry
113
Physical properties
117
Summary and conclusions
118
6. Site 965
;
125
Shipboard Scientific Party
Site summary
125
Principal results
125
Background and objectives
125
Geological setting
126
Operations
128
Site geophysics
128
Lithostratigraphy
129
Biostratigraphy and sedimentation rates
132
Paleomagnetism
135
Structural geology
136
Organic geochemistry
136
Physical properties
137
Downhole measurements
141
Summary and conclusions
142
Shore-based log processing
149
7. Site 966
155
Shipboard Scientific Party
Site summary
155
Principal results
156
Background and objectives
156
Geological setting
157
Operations
157
Site geophysics
159
Lithostratigraphy
160
Biostratigraphy and sedimentation rates
164
Paleomagnetism
177
Structural geology
179
Composite depths
182
Inorganic geochemistry
185
Organic geochemistry
188
Physical properties
191
Downhole measurements
192
Summary and conclusions
196
Shore-based log processing
207
Site 967
215
Shipboard Scientific Party
Site summary
215
Principal results
216
Background and objectives
216
Geological setting
217
Operations
218
Site geophysics
219
Lithostratigraphy
220
Biostratigraphy and sedimentation rates
224
Paleomagnetism
233
Structural geology
234
Composite depths
242
Inorganic geochemistry
246
Organic geochemistry
250
Physical properties
252
Downhole measurements
255
Summary and conclusions
263
Shore-based log processing
273
Site 968
289
Shipboard Scientific Party
Site summary
289
Principal results
289
Background and objectives
290
Geological setting
290
Operations
291
Site geophysics
293
Lithostratigraphy
293
Biostratigraphy and sedimentation rates
298
Paleomagnetism
303
Structural geology
304
Composite depths
310
Inorganic geochemistry
310
Organic geochemistry
313
Physical properties
313
Heat-flow measurements
317
Downhole measurements
321
Summary and conclusions
324
Shore-based log processing
329
10. Site 969
335
Shipboard Scientific Party
Site summary
335
Principal results
336
Background and objectives
336
Geological setting
336
Operations
337
Site geophysics
338
Lithostratigraphy
338
Biostratigraphy and sedimentation rates
344
Paleomagnetism
356
Structural geology
357
Composite depths
362
Inorganic geochemistry
363
Organic geochemistry
367
Physical properties
371
Heat-flow measurements
373
Summary and conclusions
374
11. Site 970
377
Shipboard Scientific Party
Site summary
377
Principal results
377
Background and objectives
378
Geological setting
378
Operations
379
Site geophysics
380
Lithostratigraphy
381
Biostratigraphy
386
Paleomagnetism
390
Inorganic geochemistry
390
Organic geochemistry
394
Physical properties
396
Downhole measurements
399
Summary and conclusions
400
Shore-based log processing
409
12. Site 971
415
Shipboard Scientific Party
Site summary
415
Principal results
416
Background and objectives
416
Geological setting
416
Operations
417
Site geophysics
420
Lithostratigraphy
420
Biostratigraphy
431
Paleomagnetism
435
Inorganic geochemistry
435
Organic geochemistry
437
Physical properties
439
Downhole measurements
444
Summary and conclusions
445
Shore-based log processing
448
13. Site 972
451
Shipboard Scientific Party
Site summary
451
Principal results
451
Background and objectives
451
Geological setting
451
Operations
451
Site geophysics
452
Lithostratigraphy
452
Biostratigraphy and sedimentation rates
454
Paleomagnetism
458
Structural geology
458
Organic geochemistry
459
Physical properties
460
Heat-flow measurements
461
Summary and conclusions
461
14. Site 973
465
Shipboard Scientific Party
Site summary
465
Principal results
466
Background and objectives
466
Geological setting
466
Operations
467
Site geophysics
468
Lithostratigraphy
468
Biostratigraphy and sedimentation rates
477
Paleomagnetism
479
Structural geology
481
Composite depths
484
Inorganic geochemistry
484
Organic geochemistry
485
Physical properties
487
Downhole measurements
489
Summary and conclusions
491
Shore-based log processing
493
SECTION 3: SPECIALITY PAPERS AND SYNTHESES
15. Coring-induced magnetic overprints and limitations of the long-core paleomagnetic measurement
technique: some observations from Leg 160, eastern Mediterranean Sea
497
A.P. Roberts, J.S. Stoner, and C. Richter
Introduction
497
Methods
498
Coring-induced magnetic overprints
498
Limitations of the long-core measurement technique
501
Conclusions
504
16. Problems associated with the interpretation of normal fault distributions in sediments recovered
by the advanced hydraulic piston corer during Leg 160, Eastern Mediterranean
507
A. Kopf and R. Flecker
Introduction
507
Data
507
Discussion
508
Conclusions
511
17. Role of the Eratosthenes Seamount in collisional processes in the Eastern Mediterranean
513
A.H.F. Robertson and Shipboard Scientific Party
Introduction
513
Late Mesozoic to early Tertiary
513
Messinian
515
Early Pliocene
516
Pliocene-Pleistocene
516
Testing models of incipient continental collision
517
Conclusions
519
18. Mud volcanism on the Mediterranean Ridge
521
A.H.F. Robertson and Shipboard Scientific Party
Introduction
521
Regional setting
521
Milano mud volcano
521
Napoli mud volcano
522
Mud volcanic facies
522
Discussion
524
Conclusions
525
SECTION 4: DATA REPORT
19. Data Report: Clast and grain-size analysis of sediment recovered from the Napoli and Milano
mud volcanoes, Eastern Mediterranean
R. Flecker and A. Kopf
529
SECTION 5: CORES
Core-description forms and core photographs for:
Site 963
535
Site 964
585
Site 965
641
Site 966
655
Site 967
717
Site 968
779
Site 969
811
Site 970
861
Site 971
885
Site 972
917
Site 973
927
SECTION 6: SMEAR SLIDES
Smear-slide descriptions for:
Site 963
951
Site 964
953
Site 965
955
Site 966
:
957
Site 967
960
Site 968
965
Site 969
967
Site 970
969
Site 971
971
Site 972
973
Site 973
975
(For JOIDES Advisory Groups and ODP Sample and Data Distribution Policy, please see ODP Proceedings, Initial
Reports, Volume 158, pp. 375-384.)
CD-ROM MATERIALS
There are two CD-ROMs in the back of this volume.
CD-ROM 1 contains depth-shifted and processed logging data provided by the Borehole Research Group at
the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. CD-ROM 1
also contains shipboard gamma-ray attenuation porosity
evaluation (GRAPE), index property, magnetic susceptibility, and natural gamma data of cores collected on
board the JOIDES Resolution during Leg 160. This CDROM was produced by the Borehole Research Group at
the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, the wireline
logging operator for ODP. CD-ROM 2 contains
scanned structure VCDs for Sites 963, 965, 968, and
973; thin-section descriptions for Sites 966, 967, 970,
and 971; and selected tables from Chapters 4-14 and 19
(see list below).
Log and Core Data Directory Structure:
NIH IMAGE directory
GENERAL INFORMATION directory
Compression documentation file
Format documentation file
INDEX file
Software documentation file
LOG DATA directory
README document
HOLE # subdirectory
Conventional Logs subdirectory
Acronyms and units file
Compression documentation (when applicable)
Log Data subdirectories
Individual tool data files
Processing documentation
FMS and Dipmeter Data subdirectory
Dipmeter in ASCII format file(s)
FMS images in portable bit map (PBM-8
bit binary) format subdirectory
1:1 ratio images subdirectory
Data files (every 10 m)
Raster documentation file
1:10 ratio image subdirectory
Data files (every 100 m)
Raster documentation file
CORE DATA directory
README document
SITE # subdirectory
HOLE # subdirectory
GRAPE data file
INDEX data file
MAGSUS data file
NATGAM data file
GRAPE (gamma-ray attenuation porosity
evaluation) documentation file
Index properties documentation file
Magnetic susceptibility documentation file
Natural gamma documentation file
The above structure is identical in each site and/or hole.
The INDEX file contains a summary of all the files
loaded on the CD-ROM. The software documentation
file in the GEN_INFO directory contains information
on which software packages work best to import portable bit map (PBM-8 bit binary) raster files. It also
includes network sources for the graphics software and
data compression information. The README file gives
information on whom to contact with any questions
about the production of or data on the CD-ROM.
All of the ASCII files (with the exception of the SWF
files) are TAB delimited for compatibility with most
spreadsheet and database programs. Holes that have
more than one logging pass with the same tools are
labeled Main and Repeat for conventional logs, or Pass
1, Pass 2, etc. for FMS. If the files are not in separate
directories, they may just be annotated with "m" and "r"
or " 1 " and "2" in the data file names when there is room
for only one character. Holes that have long logging
runs are often divided into TOP and BOTTOM directories. The files may just be annotated with "top" or "bot"
in the data file names where space permits or a "t" or
"b" when there is room for only one character. Check
the documentation file for a given directory for further
clarification.
In the FMS-PBM format directory there are two subdirectories, 1:1 ratio with maximum 10-m-long image
raster files and 1:10 ratio with maximum 100-m-long
image raster files. The image raster files are named
according to their depth interval. The raster documentation files contain image file parameter information necessary for use with most graphic software packages.
Summary of Log Data
Hole 965A:
High resolution logs
Conventional logs
Sonic waveforms
Temperature logs
FMS data
Hole 966F:
High resolution logs
Conventional logs
Sonic waveforms
Temperature logs
FMS data
Hole 967E:
High resolution logs
Conventional logs
Sonic waveforms
Geochemical logs (element and oxide weight %)
Temperature logs
FMS data
Hole 968A:
High resolution logs
Conventional logs
Sonic waveforms
Temperature logs
FMS data
Hole 970A:
High resolution logs
Conventional logs
Sonic waveforms
Temperature logs
FMS data
Hole 971B:
High resolution logs
Conventional logs
Sonic waveforms
Temperature logs
FMS data
Hole 973D:
Conventional logs
Summary of ODP Core Data
Site 963
Hole A:
grape.dat
index.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Hole B:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Hole C:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Hole D:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Site 964
Hole A:
grape.dat
index.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Hole B:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
pwave.dat
Hole C:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
pwave.dat
Hole D:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
pwave.dat
Hole E:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
pwave.dat
Site 965
Hole A:
grape.dat
index.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Site 966
Hole A:
grape.dat
index.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Hole B:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Hole C:
grape.dat
index.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Hole D:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Hole E:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Site 967
Hole A:
grape.dat
index.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Hole B:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Hole C:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
pwave.dat
Hole D:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
pwave.dat
Hole E:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
pwave.dat
Site 968
Hole A:
grape.dat
index.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Hole B:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Hole C:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Site 969
Hole A:
grape.dat
index.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Hole B:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Hole C:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
pwave.dat
Hole D:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
pwave.dat
Hole E:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
pwave.dat
Hole F:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
pwave.dat
Site 970
Hole A:
grape.dat
index.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Hole B:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Hole C:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
pwave.dat
Site 971
Hole A:
grape.dat
index.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Hole B:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
pwave.dat
Hole D:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Hole E:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Site 972
Hole A:
grape.dat
index.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Site 973
Hole A:
grape.dat
index.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Hole C:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Hole D:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Hole E:
grape.dat
magsus.dat
natgam.dat
pwave.dat
Table Directory Structure:
Chapter 4:
Table 3. Position of sapropels recovered at Holes
963A and 963B: 4_tbl3
Table 7. Site 963 composite depth section: 4_tbl7
Table 8. Site 963 splice tie points: 4_tbl8
Table 11. Concentration of total, inorganic, and
organic C, CaCO3, total N, and sulfur in sediments from Site 963: 4_tbl11
Table 12. Results of Rock-Eval analysis for Site
963: 4_tbl12
Table 13. Index properties measured in cores from
Hole 963A: 4_tbl13
Table 14. Compressional wave velocity measured
in cores from Hole 963A: 4_tbl14
Table 15. Vane shear strength measured in cores
from Hole 963A: 4_tbl15
Table 16. Thermal conductivity measured in cores
from Hole 963A: 4_tbl16
Chapter 5:
Table 2. Position of sapropels recovered at Site
964: 5_tbl2
Table 6. Site 964 composite depth section: 5_tbl6
Table 7. Site 964 splice tie points: 5_tbl7
Table 10. Concentration of total, inorganic, and
organic C, CaCO3, total N, and sulfur in sediments from Site 964: 5_tbl10
Table 11. Results of Rock-Eval analysis for Hole
964A: 5_tbl11
Table 12. Index properties measured on the cores
from Hole 964A: 5_tbl12
Table 13. Compressional wave velocity measured
in cores from Hole 964A: 5_tbl13
Table 14. Vane shear strength measured in cores
from Hole 964A: 5_tbl14
Table 15. Thermal conductivity measured in cores
from Hole 964A: 5_tbl15
Chapter 6:
Table 5. Concentration of total, inorganic, and
organic C, CaCO3, total N, and sulfur in sediments from Hole 965A: 6_tbl5
Table 6. Results of Rock-Eval pyrolysis for Hole
965A: 6_tbl6
Table 7. Index properties measured in cores from
Hole 965A: 6_tbl7
Table 8. Compressional wave velocity measured in
APC cores from Hole 965A: 6_tbl8
Table 9. Vane shear strength measured in split
APC cores from Hole 965A: 6_tbl9
Table 10. Thermal conductivity measured in split
APC cores from Hole 965A: 6_tbl10
Chapter 7:
Table 2. Position and organic carbon content of
sapropels recovered at Site 966: 7_tbl2
Table 6. Site 966 composite depth section: 7_tbl6
Table 7. Site 966 splice tie points: 7_tbl7
Table 10. Concentration of total, inorganic, and
organic C, CaCO3, total N, and sulfur in sediments from Hole 966A: 7_tbl10
Table 11. Results of Rock-Eval analysis for Hole
966A: 7_tbl11
Table 12. Index properties measured in cores from
Hole 966A: 7_tbl12
Table 13. Compressional wave velocity measured
in cores from Hole 966A: 7_tbl13
Table 14. Vane shear strength measured in cores
from Hole 966A: 7_tbl14
Table 15. Thermal conductivity measured in whole
cores from Hole 966A: 7_tbl15
Chapter 8:
Table 4. Structural data collected at Site 967:
8_tbl4
Table 5. Site 967 composite depth section: 8_tbl5
Table 6. Site 967 splice tie points: 8_tbl6
Table 8. Concentration of total, inorganic, and
organic C, CaCO3, total N, and sulfur in sediments from Hole 967A: 8_tbl8
Table 9. Results of Rock-Eval pyrolysis for sediments from Hole 967A: 8_tbl9
Table 10. Index properties measured in APC and
XCB cores from Hole 967A and RCB cores
from Hole 967E: 8_tbl10
Table 11. Compressional wave velocity measured
in APC and XCB cores from Hole 967A and
RCB cores from Hole 967E: 8_tbl11
Table 12. Vane shear strength measured in split
APC cores from Hole 967A: 8_tbl12
Table 13. Thermal conductivity measured in APC
and XCB cores from Hole 967A and RCB
cores from Hole 967E: 8_tbl13
Chapter 9:
Table 5. Site 968 composite depth section: 9_tbl5
Table 7. Concentration of total, inorganic, and
organic C, CaCO3, total N, and sulfur in sediments from Hole 968A: 9_tbl7
Table 8. Results of Rock-Eval pyrolysis for sediments from Hole 968A: 9_tbl8
Table 9. Index properties measured in cores from
Hole 968A: 9_tbl9
Table 10. Compressional wave velocity measured
in split APC cores from Hole 968A: 9_tbl10
Table 11. Thermal conductivity measured in cores
from Hole 968A: 9_tbl11
Chapter 10:
Table 2. Position and extent of sapropels recovered
from Holes 969D: 10_tbl2
Table 3. Position and organic carbon content of
sapropels recovered from Hole 969A and correlatable beds in Holes 969B and 969E:
10_tbl3
Table 5. Structural data collected at Site 969:
10_tbl5
Table 7. Site 969 composite depth section: 10_tbl7
Table 8. Splice tie points for Holes 969A, 969B,
969C, and 969E: 10_tbl8
Table 9. Splice tie points for Holes 969A, 969B,
969D, and 969E: 10_tbl9
Table 11. Concentration of total, inorganic, and
organic C, CaCO3, total N, and sulfur in sediments from Hole 969A: 10_tbl11
Table 12. Results of Rock-Eval analysis for Hole
969A: 10_tbl12
Table 13. Index properties measured in APC cores
from Hole 969A: 10_tbl13
Table 14. Compressional wave velocity measured
in split APC cores from Hole 969A: 10_tbl14
Table 15. Vane shear strength measured in split
APC cores from Hole 969A: 10_tbl15
Table 16. Thermal conductivity measured in APC
cores from Hole 969A: 10_tbl16
Chapter 11:
Table 7. Concentration of total, inorganic, and
organic C, CaCO3, total N, and sulfur in sediments from Site 970: 11_tbl7
Table 8. Results of Rock-Eval analysis for Site
970: 11_tbl8
Table 9. Index properties measured in cores from
Site 970: 11_tbl9
Table 10. Compressional wave velocity measured
in split cores from Holes 970A and 970B:
11_tbl10
Table 11. Vane shear strength measured in split
cores from Holes 970A and 970B: 11_tbl11
Table 12. Thermal conductivity measured in APC
cores from Holes 970A and 970B: 11_tbl12
Chapter 12:
Table 7. Concentration of total, inorganic, and
organic C, CaCO3, total N, and sulfur in sediments from Site 971: 12_tbl7
Table 8. Index properties measured in cores from
Site 971: 12_tbl8
Table 9. Compressional wave velocity measured in
split cores from Holes 971A and 971B:
12_tbl9
Table 10. Vane shear strength measured in split
cores from Hole 971A: 12_tbl10
Table 11. Thermal conductivity measured in APC
cores from Hole 971A: 12_tbl11
Chapter 13:
Table 4. Concentration of total, inorganic, and
organic C, CaCO3, total N, and sulfur in sediments from Hole 972A: 13_tbl4
Table 5. Index properties measured in cores from
Hole 972A: 13_tbl5
Table 6. Compressional wave velocity measured in
split cores from Hole 972A: 13_tbl6
Table 7. Vane shear strength measured in split
cores from Hole 972A: 13_tbl7
Chapter 14:
Table 2. Position and organic carbon content of
sapropels recovered from Hole 973A and correlatable beds in Holes 973C, 973D, and
973E: 14_tbl2
Table 5. Site 973 composite depth section: 14_tbl5
Table 6. Site 973 splice tie points: 14_tbl6
Table 9. Concentration of total, inorganic, and
organic C, CaCO3, total N, and sulfur in sediments from Hole 973A: 14_tbl9
Table 10. Index properties measured in cores from
Hole 973A: 14_tbl10
Table 11. Compressional wave velocity measured
in split cores from Hole 973A: 14_tbl11
Table 12. Vane shear strength measured in split
cores from Hole 973A: 14_tbl12
Chapter 19:
Table 1. Results of clast analyses from Site 970,
Milano Dome: 19_tbl1
Table 2. Results of clast analyses from Site 971,
Napoli Dome: 19_tbl2
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Ocean Drilling Program Leg 160 scientific party expresses its thanks and appreciation to all those who gave invaluable help
to make the outcome of drilling in the eastern Mediterranean Sea an outstanding success.
We are indebted to Captain Tom Ribbens, his officers, and the crew of the JOIDES Resolution (Sedco/BP 471), as well as Operations Manager Gene Pollard and the drilling crew. These efforts ensured that our scientific goals were translated into drilling
reality. We also greatly appreciate the efficient and dedicated support provided by the ODP marine technicians.
Our work built on the earlier efforts of the proponents of the Mediterranean Sapropels and Mediterranean Ridges proposals.
Thanks go especially to Angelo Camerlenghi for his help during the planning of the leg. We thank the JOIDES Planning Structure,
especially the Sedimentary and Geochemical Processes Panel, Tectonics Panel, and Planning Committee for their support of Leg
160. Finally, we acknowledge the governments of Italy, Greece, and Cyprus for facilitating our operations.