IN
T HE
A P P E LLA T E C O UR T O F I LL I N O I S
F I R S T J U D I C IA L D I S T R I C T
J E DW AR D J O N E S a s Ma na g i n g b en e f i c i a r y
T r u s t N o 1 0 2 1 5 o f G u a ra n t y B a n k
T rus t
Comp a n y et c
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from t h e
C i r c u i t C ou r t o f
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vs
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Ho no ra b l e E dwa r d
S c h u l t z J u dg e
Pre s iding
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J O S E P H G E NGER T a n d H OW AR D FR EEDB ERG
a s c o - p a r t n er s d o i n g b u s i n e s s a s
N O R T HW E S T ERN F I NAN C E C OM PAN!
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Co o k C o u nt y d i s mi s s i n g h i s a c t i o n a t h i s c o s t s
a
l l o we d d e f e nd a n t s
'
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.
mo t i o n t o s t r i k e t h e c omp l a i nt
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,
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a s ame nd e d
,
a n d j u d gme nt wa s en t e r ed
.
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t h a t t h e o r d e r b e a me nd e d t o s h ow t h a t L e h man E
ca l l ed Pa rri sh
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a nd
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A
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D aw e s
,
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.
,
h er ea ft e r
h e r e a f t e r c a l l e d D aw e s
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d e f en da n t s
.
Co unt I
a
T h e c o u r t d en i e d t h e mo t i o n
of
p l a i n t i f f s c omp l a i n t
'
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a n d t h i s a p p ea l fo l l owe d
.
a s amen d e d b y i n t e r l i n ea t i o n
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l l e g e s t h a t p l a i n t i f f b r i n g s t h e a c t i o n a s ma na g i ng b e n e f i c i a r y o f
T rus t No
.
10 2 15
o f G u a r a n t y B a nk
G u a ra n t y ; d e f e nd a n t s a s
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,
h er ea ft e r c a l l e d
p a r t n e r s w e r e i n t h e b u s i n e s s o f fi n an c i n g
c o n s t r u c t i o n o f b u i l d i n g s ; P a r r i s h i nd u c ed p l a i n t i f f t o j o i n i n
th e
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d e fe n da n t
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t h e b a l a n c e t o b e s e cu r e d
,
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i n t ru s t
,
to G u a r a n t y
,
,
,
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,
wo u l d
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,
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n o t e a n d t r u s t d e e d i n t h e amo u nt o f
p a yab l e i n s i x mo n t h s
a s j o i n t a d ve n t u r e r s
d e fenda nt
fo r a p e r i o d o f s i x mo n th s
t h e r ea l e s t a t e
,
fo r th e p u rpo s e o f b o r r ow i n g
a d v i s e d t h em h e a nd h i s pa rt n e r
l e nd t h em
,
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,
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th e s u m o f
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p a i d a t t h e t ime o f c o n v e ya n c e
'
wi t h
,
,
th e no t e
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p e r a n n u m : P a r r i s h a n d D aw e s
a s contra cto r s
,
,
a greed to erect th e
d u p l e x ; t h e p ro p e r t y wa s co nv e y ed to G u a ra n t y i n t r u s t ;
p
l a i nt i f f
a n d P a r r i s h a s ma na g i n g b en e f i c i a r i e s d i r e c t e d G u a r a n t y t o ex e c u t e
t h e n o t e a nd d e e d o f t r u s t i n t h e amo u nt a n d u p o n t h e t e rm s d e s c r ib e d ;
p l a i n t i f f a n d P a r r i s h a g r e e d t o i n d emn i f y G u a r a nt y fo r a ny l o s s o r
e
x p e n s e ; i t b e c am e a pp a r ent t h e f u n d s b o r r owe d w e r e no t s u f f i c i e n t
t o comp l e t e th e b u i l d i n g ; d e f en da n t s a g r e e d t o l e n d a n a d d i t i o n a l
p ro v i d e d p l a i n t i f f
th e b e n e f i c i a l
"
,
D awe s a n d P a r r i s h a s s i g n e d t o d e f e nd a n t
i n t e r e s t i n s a i d t ru s t ; p l a i nt i f f
u n d e r d u r e s s fo r f e a r o f l o s i n g s a i d p r o p e rt y
fo r s e c u r i t y p u rp o s e s o n l y
"
,
D awe s a n d P a r r i s h
ex e c u t e d t h e a s s i g n
men t
"
ma k e
i t me r c h a n t a b l e a n d p r ev e n t i n j u r y t o t h e t r u s t p r op e r t y a n d t o
t h e b en e f i c i a r i e s
pr i n c ipa l
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of
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.
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"
;
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i n o r d e r t o s a v e s a i d p r op e r t y a n d
u p o n ex e c u t i o n o f a no t e i n th e
l e n t a n a d d i t i o na l s u m o f
d u p l e x wa s c omp l e t e d a n d s o l d t o
tw o
th e
b u y e r s ; d e fe n da n t s
a nd s e c o n d mo r t g a g e s t o t a l l i n g
h av e
r e ce ive d
d e f e nd a nt s
c h a r g ed i nt e r e s t t o th e da t e o f c l o s i n g o f t h e s a l e o f t h e d u p l ex
,
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o n t h a t da t e c o nv e r t e d t h e c a s h a n d mo r t g a g e s t o th e i r o wn u s e : u n d e r
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p ro v i s i o n s o f C h
th e
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.
secs
and
4
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on
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.
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"
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th e
con
p l a i n t i f f ha s
;
i n c u r r e d e xp en s e s i n p ro s e c u t i n g th i s a c t i o n ; P a r r i s h a s t h e o t h e r
ma na g i n g b en e f i c i a r y r e f u s e d t o j o i n a s a p a r t y p l a i nt i f f i n b r i n g i ng
t h i s a c t i o n ; G u a r a nt y
Plainti
In
,
h a s r e fu s e d t o b r i n g t h i s a c t i o n
,
f f p r a y s j u dgmen t fo r
i n t e r e s t a nd co s t s
C o u n t I I p l a i n t i f f a l l e g e s d e fen da n t
l it i gant i n Engert v
566
a s t ru s t e e
,
.
E ng e r t
,
.
wa s a p a r t y
,
C h i c a g o T i t l e a n d T r u s t C omp a ny
335
,
Ill
.
Ap p
d e f en da n t s t h e r e fo r e k n ew th e i n s t a n t t ra n s a c t i o n wa s u s u r i o u s
bu t
c o nt i n u e d t o ma k e s u c h l o a n s
th e
b o r r o we r s o r dama g e t o t h em
"
"
;
.
wi t h i n d i f f e r e n c e t o th e r i g h t s
.
,
of
d e f e n da n t s c o nv er t e d mo n ey a nd
mo r t g a g e s ; a n d p r a y s j u d g me nt fo r t h e t o t a l o f en u mer a t e d s um s a n d
p u n i t i v e dama g e s
.
A t t a ch e d t o t h e c omp l a i n t
and
,
by
r e f e r en c e i n c o r p o r a t e d t h e r e i n
a r e t h e t r u s t a g r e emen t b e t we e n G u a r a n t y a n d t h e b en e f i c i a r i e s
d i r e c t i o n t o G u a r a n t y t o ex e c u t e t h e no t e i n t h e
th e
not e a nd
th e
t ru s t d e e d s e cu r i ng i t
i n t e re s t u nd er the t ru s t
b en e f i c i a l
s um
,
,
th e
of
a n d t h e a s s i g nm ent o f t h e
,
.
I n o u r r ev i ew o f wh e t h e r th e t r i a l co u r t e r r e d i n d i smi s s i n g
the a c t i o n
P r u d en c e
,
we a r e g u i d e d b y t h e r u l e en u n c i a t e d i n H e rma n v
Mu t u a l
C a s u a l t y C omp a ny
c ou r t s a i d a t pag e
232
"
,
92
,
I ll
.
Ap p
2d
.
222 ,
T h e c a u s e o f a c t i o n s ho u l d
wh er e i n th e
not
o n t h e p l ea d i n g s u n l e s s i t c l e a r l y a p p ea r s th a t no s et
.
b e d i sm i s s e d
of
fa c t s
c an
b e p rov ed u nd e r t h e p l e a d i n g s wh i c h w i l l ent i t l e p l a i nt i f f t o r e co v e r
Th e
c omp l a i n t a l l e g e s t ha t u p o n t h e s a l e
r e c e i v e d c a s h i n ex c e s s o f t h e s u m s d u e t h em
th e no t e s wh i c h t h e y s e c u r e d
.
,
o
f
t h e d u p l ex
3
th e
.
d e f en d a n t s
s e c o n d mo r t g a g e s
P la inti f f a l lege s that
-
,
"
,
and
r et ent i o n
b y d e fe nda n t s o f t h e c a s h i n ex c e s s
s ecur i t i e s
wa s w ro n g f u l
,
t h e i n d eb t e dn e s s
of
T h e fa c t s a l l e g e d m u s t b e t a k en a s t r u e
s
u c h c o nv e r s i o n
De
S e n ey
t h e p a yme nt s
wh e t h e r ,
,
and an a c t ion wi l l
,
Ill
290
,
11
.
a r g u en do
e s tu i
,
and th e i s su e s o f u su ry
,
o f c o nv e r s i o n
t ru s t
qu e
,
c o rpo r a t e t ru s t e e
,
196 7
.
ca n
of
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to
.
th e
F rom
.
t h e r ea l e s t a t e wa s v e s t e d i n
P a rri sh
,
no t
o ur
t r u s t a g r e emen t w e a r e no t p r e p a r e d
th e
i t c o nt i n u e d t o
t o b e n e c e s s a r y p l a i nt i f f s
,
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
q
.
d e r i v e d fr om i t s s a l e
p l a i nt i f f s
of
d e f e nda n t s w er e
c a n ma i n t a i n a n a c t i o n i n c o nv e r s i o n
,
the
a n d t h e vo l u n t a r i n e s s
,
b y r e t a i n i n g t h e mo n e y a nd s e c u r i t i e s
s a y t ha t b e ca u s e t i t l e
Sta t
fo r
e
th e i n t er e s t wa s
,
a r e fa c t i s s u e s wh i c h a r e ma t e r i a l t o th e
ex ami na t i o n o f t h e t e rm s o f
to
li
.
.
D e f e nd a n t c o n t en d s t ha t o n l y t h e t i t l e ho l d e r
c
c o nv e r s i o n
do no t c o n s t r u e t h e c omp l a i n t t o s e e k r e co v e ry o f
i nt e r e s t p a i d
gu i l t y
.
,
th e p a ym en t s we r e vo l u n ta r y a nd p l a i n t i f f c a nno t r e c o ve r
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.
v
f en da nt a r g u e s t h a t a s s u mi n g
u s u r i ou s
t h em
K n i gh t
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gu i l t y o f
a n d d e fe nda n t s a r e
,
a nd t h e
t h e ca s h a nd s e cu r i t i e s
own
D aw e s
,
th e
an d Gua ra nty
,
a s s um i n g
,
t h an
b y v i r t u e o f t h e i r r e fu s a l t o j o i n a s
b e j o i n e d a s d e f e n da n t s
,
Ch
.
1 10 ,
sec
.
23
,
Ill
.
R ev
.
D e f e nd a n t a r g ue s fu r t h e r t h a t t h e p l a i n t i f f do e s
d ema n d fo r t h e mo n e y o r s e c u r i t i e s
co l l ected a t
35
.
A n e xam i na t i o n o f
I l l i no i s L a w a n d P ra c t i c e
14 9 ,
no t
th e
a l l ege a
a u tho r i t i e s
d emo n s t r a t e s t h a t t h e r e
a r e m a n y s i t u a t i o n s wh er e c o n ve r s i o n ma y b e s h own w i t ho u t p r o o f o f
a
d e ma n d fo r
,
and a
I G JU S a l
t o r e t u r n t h e p ro p e r t y
.
F r om o u r ex a mi n a t i o n o f t h e p l e a d i n g s a n d t h e a u th o r i t i e s
a r e n o t p r epa r e d t o
wh i c h
.
w i l l e nt i t l e
say
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,
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t h a t p l a i n t i f f c anno t p ro v e a s e t o f fa c t s
to re l i e f
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F o r th e r e a s o n s s e t fo r t h
c a u s e i s r ema n d ed t o
to
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i n co n s i s t e n t
th e
,
C i r c u i t Co u r t
o r d e r o f d i s mi s s a l
wi t h
t h e j u d g men t i s r ev e r s e d a n d t h e
th i s Opi ni on
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of
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.
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.
VS
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M I C HAEL P
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on
L
.
two
s e p a r a t e o c c a s io n s
a nd o t h e r s
we r e
,
C ha r g i n g c r ime s wh i c h o c c u r r ed
T omm i e M i t c he l l
,
.
,
a / k / a M i c ha e l P
Lee
.
,
c h a r g e d w i t h a g g r av a t e d ba t t e r y a nd a rm e d r o bb er y
A t h i s a r r a i g nme n t t he a c c u s e d p l e ad ed no t g u i l t y to bo t h c r im e s
a nd t h e i nd i c tm e n t s we r e c o n s o l id a t ed
f or
tr ia l
0n
.
the d ay
of
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p l e ad ed
gu i l ty
t o bo t h o f f e n s e s a nd a pp l i ed
pr o b a t i o n
for
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,
,
A f ter
.
wh i c h ev i d e nc e
i s no t i nc l u d e d i n t h e r e c o r d b e f o r e u s , a nd ho l d i ng a h e a r i ng i n
a gg r a v a t i o n a nd m i t i g a t i o n
,
t h e c o u r t e n t e r ed c o nc u r r e n t i d e n t i c a l
s e n t e n c e s f o r bo t h o f f e n s e s ; nam e l y
,
f i v e ye a r s pro ba t io n w i t h t he
f i r s t y e a r to b e s e r v e d i n t he Ho u s e o f C o r r e c t io n o f t he C i ty
C h i c a g o a s a c o nd i t i o n o f pr o ba t io n
T h e t i me s p e n t i n t h e C o u n t y
.
J a i l awa i t i ng t r i a l wa s to b e d ed u c t ed f r om t h e o n e ye a r
cerat ion
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nc a r
.
I n th i s appea l
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s e n t e nc e t o
2
,
,
wh i c h i s ad dr e s s ed o n l y to t h e a g g r av a t ed
t h e d e f e nd a n t s e e k s a r e d u c t i o n
of
h i s max im u m
y e a r s p ro b a t i o n a nd u rg e s f o u r g r o u nd s i n
s u p po r t o f h i s po s i t i o n :
(1)
t h e t r i a l c o u r t wa s o f t h e e r ro n e o u s
im p r e s s i o n t ha t t h e t yp e o f a g g r ava t ed ba t t e r y
d e f e nd a n t wa s i nd i c t e d
,
f or
wh i c h t h e
s t r i k i n g a po l i c e o f f i c e r w i t h a f i s t
wh i l e t h e o f f i c e r wa s ma k i ng a n a r r e s t
t h e r a n g e o f o ne t o t e n y e a r s wh e r e a s
,
,
c a r r i ed a s e n t e nc e w i t h in
b y s ta tu te
,
t he r a ng e o f
5 2 97 0
p u n i s hme n t wa s
to f i v e ye a r s ;
one
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) t h e s ta t eme n t b y t he s t a t e s
'
a t to r n e y a t t h e he a r i n g i n a g g ra va ti o n a nd m i t i g a t i o n t ha t th e
a c c u s e d h ad o nc e b e e n
been
co -
"
no l l e d
"
C
ha r g ed w i th a t t emp t ed r o bbe r y wh i c h had
wa s imp ro pe r a nd pr e j u d i c i a l
i nd i c t e e o n t h e a g g r a v a t e d b a t te r y
p ro b a t i o n f o r t h e s ame o f f e n s e ;
C
one
'
ha r g e r e c e iv ed
r ed u c t i o n
(4)
r ev i ew i n g c o u r t s h a ve be e n ma d e i n c a s e s
na t u r e t ha n t h e i n s t a n t
;
( 3 ) t he a c c u s ed s
of
of
y ea r
one
s en t e nc e s b y
a m u c h mo r e s e r i o u s
T he d e f e nd a n t i s a l s o s e p ar a t e l y
.
a pp e a l i n g h i s s e n t e nc e pe r t a i n i ng to t h e a rmed ro bb e r y o f f e n s e
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.
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.
.
.
T h e r e c o r d i n t he i n s t a nt c a s e i nd i c a t e s t h a t t h e t r i a l
c o u r t , b e f o r e a c c e p t i ng t h i s
gu i l ty
C
a d v i s e d t h e d e f e nd a n t
,
h a ng e i n p l e a f r om no t g u i l t y
Of
h i s r i g h t t o a j u r y tr i a l
to
wh ic h
,
wo u l d b e wa i v ed i f h e p l e ad ed g u i l t y a nd a l s o to l d h im t ha t t h e
r a ng e
p u n i s hm e n t f o r t h i s c r ime wa s
Of
one
to t e n y e a r s
l a t te r admo n i t i o n t h e t r i a l c o u r t wa s i n e r r o r
two s e p a r a t e s ec t i o n s
ou r
C r im i n a l
On e
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pec i e s
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Re v
.
.
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4
1
2
5
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s e n t e nc e i s f r om
one
.
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to t e n y ea r s i n th e p e n i t e n t i a r y
H owev e r , t h e d e f e nd a n t wa s i nd i c t e d f o r a no t h e r s pe c i e s O f
v a te d
38
,
battery
—4
1
2
§
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,
is
,
ma y h em a nd wh i c h ma y b e e i t h e r a m i s d eme a no r
of
o r a f e l o n y d e p e nd i ng u po n t h e s e n t e nc e impo s ed
Of
38,
ch.
.
a g g r a va t ed b a t t e r y w h i c h s t a t u to r i l y d e f i n e s t h e
c ommo n l aw c r im e
r a ng e
I t i n t e rm i ng l ed
.
t h e a g g r ava t e d b a t t e r y O f f e n s e fo u nd i n
of
Ill
.
In th i s
.
n ame l y
,
a violation
Of
Ill
.
Re v
.
S ta t
.
a gg r a
ch
.
wh i c h i nvo l v e s a b a t t e r y c omm i t t ed u po n a
p e a c e O f f i c e r w h o a t t h e t ime i s ex e c u t i n g a n y o f h i s O f f i c i a l
dut i e s
i n c l u d i ng a r r e s t o r a t t emp t ed a r r e s t a nd
,
t h e d e f e nd an t t o b e a po l i c e O f f i c e r
e i t he r a m i s d em e a no r
impo s ed
,
or
.
who
Th i s O f f en s e
i s k nown t o
to o
can
be
a f e l o n y d e pe nd i ng u po n t h e s e n t e n c e
b u t t h e max i m u m r a n g e o f s e n t e nc e i s on e t o f i v e y e a r s
.
.
52 97 0
T h e d e f e nd a n t wa s r e pr e s en t e d by a ppo i n ted c o u n s e l d u r i ng
s t ag e s
all
t h e c r im i n a l p ro c e ed i ng s a g a i n s t h im
of
NO
.
b roug h t the e r r o r o f th e tr i a l Cou r t to i t s a tte n t io n
d e f e nd a n t p e r s i s t ed i n h i s p l e a
n i ne
a nd a j u d g me n t
,
Of
,
h i s a g e wa s s hown
g u i l ty wa s e n t e r ed
T he
.
to
b e twe n ty
.
w i t n e s s e s we r e c a l l ed a t t h e s u b s e q u e n t h e a r i ng i n
NO
a g g r ava t i o n a nd m i t i g a t i o n
The
.
Sta t e
'
s a t to r ne y no t ed t ha t t h e
d e f e nd a n t d i d h a ve a pa s t c r im i na l r e c o r d
ma t e l y th r e e
y
ear s ear l ier
t h e S t a t e had
,
H e s ta t ed t h a t
.
"
no l l e d
i n t h e Ho u s e
Corr ec t ion
of
a g g r a va t e d b a t t e r y
for
ye a r l a t e r , t h e d e f e nd a n t wa s c o nv i c t ed
T wo mo n t h s a f t e r t h i s
f i n ed
i nd i v id u a l
.
I n conc lu s ion
I n mi tigat ion
now c o n t r i t e
wa s
o ne
year
L e s s t ha n a
.
a g g r ava t ed a s s a u l t a nd
h e wa s c o nv i c t ed
of
resist
o f v i o l e nc e c omm i t t ed b y th e d e f e nd a n t u po n a no t h er
t h e S ta t e r e c omm e nd ed a s e n t e nc e
,
to t h r e e y e a r s i n t h e p en i t e n t i a r y
on e
to
T h e i n s t a n t p ro s e c u t i o n i n vo l v ed
i ng a r r e s t a nd f i n e d
ac t
,
of
a p p rox
a n i nd i c tm e n t
"
f o r a t t em p t ed r o bb e r y a nd t he d e f e nd a n t wa s s e n t e nc ed
a no t h e r
o ne
,
o
f
.
d e f e n s e c o u n s e l s t a t e d t ha t t h e d e f e nd a n t
,
a s ev i d e n c e d b y h i s p l e a O f g u i l t y
i n to x i c a t ed a t t h e t im e o f t h e a g g r ava t e d b a t t e r y
,
a nd h e wa s
Co n t i n u i ng
.
,
d e f e n s e c o u n s e l s t a t e d t h a t t h i s i nc l i n a t i o n to i n tox i c a t i ng
'
l i q u o r s h ad b e e n t h e ro o t o f mo s t O f t h e d e f e nd an t s pr o b l em s i n
the pa s t
F u r t h e rmo r e
.
,
his
co-
i nd i c t e e o n t h e ag g r av a t e d b a t t e r y
c h a r g e h ad r e c e i v e d o n e y e a r p ro b a t i o n
.
c o u n s e l r e c omm e nd e d e i th e r a s e n t e n c e o f
I n c o nc l u s i o n
one
,
de fense
y ea r to o n e ye a r a nd
a d a y i n t h e p e n i t e n t i a r y o r a p e r i od o f t im e o n p ro b a t io n w i t h
t h e f i r s t s ix mo n t h s t o b e
tu t i o n
S
pe nt i n c a r c e r a t ed i n a p e n a l i n s t i
o t h e r t ha n t h e p en i t e n t i a r y
I n t h i s a pp e a l
,
.
w e a r e a s k ed to u s e t h e powe r now g ive n
r e v i ew i ng c o u r t s b y I l l i no i s S u pr em e C o u r t R u l e
Re v
.
Stat
.
C
h
.
1 1 0A ,
§ 61 5
(b )
615
(b)
(4)
(Ill
t o r e d u c e t h e max im u m
.
i
5 2 97 0
T h e d e f e nd a n t a l s o c o n t e nd s t h a t th e max i m u m pe r i od
of
p r o b a t i o n s ho u l d b e r e d u c ed b e c a u s e o f a n a l l eg ed impr o pe r a nd
p r e j u d i c i a l c omm e n t b y t h e
a g g r a v a t io n a nd m i t i g a t i o n
Sta t e
'
s a t to r n e y a t t h e he a r i ng i n
Ou r r ev i ew o f t h e r e c o rd i nd i c a t e s
.
t ha t t h e pr o s e c u to r d i d i n f a c t me n t i o n t ha t t he S ta t e had
"
no l l e d
"
a n i nd i c tme n t f o r a rmed r o bb er y b u t a s pa r t
of
t h e s am e
s t a t em e n t me n t i o n ed t ha t t h e d e f e nd an t wa s s e n t e nc ed
to
o ne
i n th e H o u s e
wa s
Cor re c t ion
of
a gg r ava t ed b a t t e r y
for
ye a r
T h i s c omme n t
.
p r o p e r a s i t i nd i c a t e d to t h e c o u r t t h a t t h e d e f e nd a n t had
a pp a r e n t l y e n t e r e d i n to a n e go t i a t ed p l e a t o a l e s s e r O f f e n s e
u nd e r w h i c h t he S t a t e
"
n o l l ed
t h e f e l o n y i nd i c tme n t a nd t h e
"
d e f e nd a n t a c c e p t ed t h e s ho r t e r impr i so nme n t
a g g r ava t ed ba t t e r y
for
.
T h e a g g r av a t e d b a t t e r y a nd t he a rme d r obb e r y w i t h wh i c h d e f e nd a nt
wa s th e n C ha r g e d m i g h t h a v e b e e n pa r t
du c t
of
one ac t
I t wa s pr o p e r f o r t h e c o u r t to b e i n f o rm ed
.
s howed t h e d e f e nd a n t s p a s t c r im i na l r e c o rd
'
o ne
,
c r im i na l
of
Of
con
th i s a s it
O f t h e r e l eva n t
f a c to r s t o b e c o n s i d e r ed b y t he t r i a l c o u r t b e f o r e s e n t e n c i ng
See I ll
Rev
.
80
Ill
gu i
s ha b l e
.
Ap p
.
.
S ta t
243
2d
Ch
.
,
,
.
.
2d
l
7
§
(g )
.
T h e c a s e s C i t ed
ar e c l ear l y d i s t in
76
t h e d e f e nd a n t c o n t e nd s t ha t h i s s e n t e n c e s ho u l d b e
r ed u c e d b e c a u s e h i s
on
N E
38,
.
Th ird l y
ba t i
225
.
one year
for
co—
d e f e nd a n t o n l y r e c e i v ed a s e nt e nc e O f
The
.
co
-
d e f e nd a n t s he a r i ng i n a g g r av a t i o n
c a nno t d e te rm i n e i f t h i s d i s p a r i t y
a n abu s e O f d i s c r e t ion
ca n
b e ex p l a i ne d
em p l o ym e n t
,
on
.
P er h a p s t h e
the ba s i s
pr o
'
a nd m i t i g a t i o n i s no t ma d e a pa r t o f t h e i n s t a n t r e c o r d
we
.
Of
of
co
yo u t h
,
—
s e n t e n c e wa s
,
T he r e f o r e
.
in fac t
,
,
'
d e f e nd a n t s l i g ht e r s en t e nc e
no c r im i n a l r e c o r d
o r p a s s iv e p a r t i c i p a t io n i n t h e O f f e n s e
.
We
,
s t e ad y
w i l l no t
i n t e r f e r e w i t h t h e ex e r c i s e o f d i s c r e t io n b y t h e tr i a l c o u r t i n
5 2 97 0
s e n t e n c i ng u n l e s s t h e r e c o rd d emon s tr a te s a n a b u s e
S inc e the
co
-
d i scre tion
f
.
d e f e nd a n t s he a r i ng i n a g g r ava t io n a nd m i t i g a t i o n
'
i s no t i nc l u d e d i n t he p r e s e n t r e c o rd
d e f e nd a n t c a nno t p r e v a i l
F ina l l y
t h i s c o n te n t i o n
,
the
.
of
s e n t e n c e s b y r ev i ew i ng c o u r t s a nd s u c h
r ed u c t i o n s hav e b e en mad e i n c a s e s
m u c h mo r e s e r i o u s na t u r e
Of
A f ter a c ar e fu l c on s idera t ion o f the c a s e s
of
of
t he d e f e nd a n t u r g e s t ha t t he r e i s am p l e a u tho r i t y
,
f o r t h e r ed u c t i o n
i n s u p po r t
o
t h i s c o n te n t io n
,
we a d he r e t o
i ted
C
our
by
.
t h e d e f e nd a n t
O p i n i o n t ha t a
t e rm o f f i v e y ea r s pr o b a t i o n b e s t s er ve s t he i n t e r e s t s O f s o c i e ty
a nd t h e d e f e nd a n t
te n c e d
.
I t i s tr u e t ha t t h e d e f e nd a n t m i g h t b e s e n
to the pen i tent iary
for
a pe r i od
of
f iv e y e a r s
f or
viola tion
o f pr o b a t i o n o c c u r r i n g w i t h i n f o u r ye a r s a f t e r h i s r e l e a s e f r om
the Hou s e o f Co rr ec t ion
th i s
In l ight
.
p r o b l em
Of
,
b u t h e h im s e l f wo u l d b e r e s po n s i b l e
h i s pa s t c r im i na l r e c o r d a nd h i s d r i n k in g
h i s b e s t O p po r t u n i t y
,
w i t h h i s r ema i n i n g s u b j e c t
f or
po s s i b l e r e ha b i l i t a t i o n r e s t s
t h e c o n t i n u i ng j u r i s d i c t i o n O f th e
to
tr i a l c o u r t f o r f i v e y e a r s p r o b a t i o n a nd
ye ar s
no t
two a nd
o ne
.
T h e j u dgme n t i s a f f i rm e d
.
J U D GMEN T AF F I RME D
B U RK E
,
J
.
,
a nd
for
C O RM I C K
,
J
.
,
c o nc u r
.
.
-
ha l f
w
S3 0 4 7
P E OP LE
OF T H E
S TAT E
I LL I NO I S
OF
P l a i n t i f f - A pp e l l e e
,
A P P EAL FR O M T H E C I RC U I T
C O U R T OP C OO K C O UN T !
,
.
V S
.
TO MM I E LE E M I T C HELL ( I mp l e ad e d )
Ho n
,
.
L S he l do n B r own
P r e s id i ng
.
,
.
D e f e nd a n t — Ap p e l l a n t
MR
.
.
P RE S I D I NG J U S T I C E L ! O N S D EL I V ERE D T H E OP I N I O N O F T H E C O UR T
T h i s i s a n a pp e a l f rom a j u dgme n t o f g u i l t y
r o bb e r y a nd a s e n t e nc e o f f i v e y e a r s pro b a t io n
ment
,
t h e d e f e nda n t p l e ad ed
gu i l ty
no t
.
of
.
a rm ed
At h i s arra ign
.
At a s ep ara te ar ra ign
me n t f o r a no t he r c r ime wh i c h o c c u r r e d o n a n a p p a r e n t l y d i f f e r e n t
da te
,
t h e d e f e nd a n t a l s o p l e a d e d
a g g r av a t e d b a t t e r y
gu i l ty
no t
to
th e C ha r g e O f
B o t h i nd i c tme n t s we r e c o n s o l i d a t e d
.
tr i a l
for
.
O n t h e d a y O f h i s t r i a l a nd a f t e r a p r e — t r i a l c o n f e r e nc e wh i c h
inc l uded the c ourt
,
t h e a c c u s ed
a nd O ppo s i ng c o u n s e l
,
d a n t w i t h d r ew h i s p l e a o f no t g u i l t y
f en s e s
,
a nd a p p l i e d f o r p ro ba t i o n
e v i d e nc e r e g a rd i ng bo t h c r ime s
t h e r e c o rd b e f o r e u s
mit iga tion
,
,
.
,
p l eaded gu i l ty
to
the
defen
bo t h
A f t e r h e a r i ng s t i p u l a t ed
wh i c h e v i d e n c e i s no t i n c l u d ed i n
t h e c o u r t e n t e r ed c o n c u r r e n t i d e n t i c a l s e n t e nc e s
f i ve y e a r s p r o b a t i o n
,
to b e s e r v ed i n t h e H o u s e
a c o nd i t i o n o f p r o ba t i o n
.
of
Corr ec t ion
T h e t ime
S
Of
I n t h i s a pp e a l
2
,
,
,
for
w i t h t h e f i r s t ye a r
t h e C i t y O f C h i c ag o a s
pe n t i n t h e Coun ty Ja i l
awa i t i n g t r i a l wa s to b e d e d u c t e d f r om t h e
r o bb e r y o f f e n s e
Of
a nd ho l d i ng a h e a r i ng i n ag g r av a t io n a nd
,
bo t h O f f e n s e s ; n am e l y
sentenc e to
,
o ne
yea r inc arc era t ion
wh i c h i s ad d r e s s e d o n l y
t h e d e f e nd a n t s e e k s a r ed u c t io n
to
of
th e a rmed
h i s max im um
y e a r s pr o b a t i o n a nd u r g e s t hr e e g r o u nd s i n
s u ppo r t o f h i s po s i t i o n :
(1)
t h e t r i a l c o u r t wa s O f t he er ro n eo u s
imp r e s s i o n t h a t t he o t h e r O f f e n s e t o wh i c h d e f e nda n t p l e ad ed
gu i l ty
.
a g g r av a t e d b a t t e r y ) wa s mo r e s e r io u s t ha n i t wa s i n
5 3 047
a p e na l i n s t i t u t i o n o t h e r t ha n a pe n i te n t i a r y
y e a r s i n t h e pe n i t e n t i a r y
2
4
1
5
(a )
See I l l
.
Rev
.
.
S ta t
f r om
or
Ch
.
38,
.
.
T h e d e f e nd a n t wa s r e pr e s e n t ed b y a ppo i n t ed
of
a l l s t ag e s
t h e c r im i n a l pr o c e ed i ng s a g a i n s t h im
C
o u n s e l d u r i ng
No
.
b r o u g h t t h i s e r r o r O f t h e t r i a l c o u r t to i t s a t t e n t i o n
f e nd a n t p e r s i s t e d i n h i s p l e a
a nd a j u dgm e n t
Of
h i s a g e wa s s hown
,
g u i l t y wa s e nt e r e d
to
o ne
T he d e
.
b e twe n t y n i n e
-
current ly for both O f fen s e s
.
,
.
A h e a r i n g i n a g g r a va t i o n a nd m i t i g a t io n wa s he l d
s ide
ten
to
o ne
con
w i tn e s s e s we r e c a l l ed b y e i t h e r
NO
F u l l d e t a i l s a r e g i v e n i n t h e a c c ompa n y ing O p i n io n O f
.
h e a r i ng
t h e pr o s e c u to r m e n t i on ed t ha t t h e S t a t e h ad
,
r o bb e r y i nd i c tm e n t
y e a r i n t h e Ho u s e
g a t ien
,
"
n o l l ed
an d t h e d e f e nd a n t h ad b e e n s e n t e n c e d
,
Of
C o rr e c t i o n
fo r
a g g ra va t e d b a t t e r y
d e f e n s e c o u n s e l s t a t ed tha t t he d e f e nd a n t wa s
a s e v i d en c ed b y h i s p l e a O f g u i l t y
.
to
a
"
o ne
In miti
.
no w
c o n tr i t e
A s to t h e a rme d r o bb er y
,
,
c o u n s e l m e n t io n e d t ha t t h e d e f e nd a n t d i d no t ha ve a g u n a t a ny
t ime a nd h i s r o l e i n t h e c r im e wa s a s e c o nd a r y o r m i no r
conc l u s ion
,
o ne
h e r e c omme nd e d e i th e r a s e n t e nc e o f o n e y e a r to
y e a r an d a d a y i n t h e p e n i t e n t i a r y o r a p e r i od
of
t ime
on
In
.
o ne
pr ob a t i o n
w i t h t h e f i r s t s ix mo n t h s to b e s p e nt i n c a r c e ra t e d i n a p e n a l
i n s t i t u t i o n o t h e r t ha n t h e pe n i t e n t i a r y
I n t h i s a p pe a l
,
.
we a r e a s k e d t o u s e t h e powe r now g i ve n
r e v i ew i ng c o u r t s b y I l l i no i s S u pr em e C o u r t R u l e
Rev
.
S tat
ch
.
.
1 1 0A ,
§ 61 5
(b )
61 5
(b )
2
ye a r s pr o b a t i o n
5
.
year s
N e i t he r a pr e s e n t e n c e
—
.
[ 111
to r ed u c e t h e m ax im um
p u n i s hm e n t impo s e d o n t h e d e f e nd a n t i n t h i s c a s e f r om
pr o b a t i o n t o
(4)
i
n
v e s t i g a t i on
r e po r t n o r a p ro b a t i o n r e po r t i s i n c l u d ed i n t he r e c o r d
be fore u s
N O i s s u e i s t a k e n w i th th e m i n im um p u n i s hme n t impo s ed
.
,
53 047
n ame l y
o n e y e a r i n th e H o u s e
,
pr o ba t i on
C o r r e c t i o n a s a c o nd i t i o n
Of
of
.
T h e d e f e nd a n t do e s c o n te nd
,
howev e r
,
t h a t h i s ma x im um
p u n i s hme n t s ho u l d b e ha l v ed b e c a u s e th e t r i a l c o u r t wa s O f t h e
e r ro n eo u s imp r e s s i o n t ha t t h e max im um p u n i s hm e n t t ha t c o u l d be
impo s ed u po n t h e d e f e nd a n t
for
t h e c r ime
of
a g g ra va ted b a tt e r y
w h i c h h e a r i n g wa s he a rd a t t h e s am e t ime a s t h e he a r i ng
ro bb e r y
wa s o n e t o t e n y e a r s
,
r a n g e wa s o n e to f i v e ye a r s
I n fac t
.
,
,
a rm ed
on
t he max im u m s en t e n c e
T h e s ta t e s at to r n e y c o n t e nd s t ha t
'
.
i n t h e i n s t a n t a p pe a l t he d e f e nd a n t u r g e s o n l y t h a t t he s en t e n c e
impo s ed u po n h im f o r a rmed r ob b e r y wa s
a l l e g a t i o n a s to t h e s en t e n c e impo s ed
no t r e l e va n t
A l t ho u g h we
.
do
too
for
ha r s h
no t a g r e e w i t h t h i s c o n t e n t i o n O f
i n i d e n t i c a l j u d gme n t s a nd i d e n t i c a l s en t enc e s
o ne
t ime r e s u l t i ng
we a r e
,
O p i n i o n t ha t a s e n t e n c e O f f iv e ye a r s pr o b a t i o n
,
any
,
a g g r a va t ed ba t t e r y i s
t h e S t a t e s i nc e bo t h i nd i c tme n t s we r e t r i ed a t
of thi s case
T he r e f o r e
.
,
of
the
w i th i n t h e f a c t s
b e s t pr o t e c t s t h e i n t e r e s t s O f s o c i e t y a nd a i d s t h e
d e f e nd an t i n ho p e f u l l y g a i n i ng h i s r e ha b i l i t a t i o n
.
We
g ive
o ur
r e a s o n s mo r e f u l l y a l o n g w i t h mo r e s u p po r t i ng f a c t s i n t h e a e c om
t od a y
.
T h e p a r t i e s e n t e r e d i n to a s t i p u l a t i o n O f e v i d e n c e r e g a r d
i ng t h e a rme d r o bb e r y O f f e n s e wh i c h i s no t i n c l u d ed i n t h e r e c o r d
b e fo r e u s
fac t s
Of
.
H owe v e r , t h e S t a t e i n i t s b r i e f O f f e r ed t h e f u l l
t he c r ime a nd d e f e nd an t s c o u n s e l d i d no t ta k e i s s u e w i th
'
the i r ac c urac y
unc l e
,
.
Br ie f l y
,
it
c an
b e s t a t ed t ha t t h e d e f e nd a n t
,
his
a nd t h e c om p l a i n i n g w i t n e s s l e f t a t a v e r n t o g e t h e r i n t h e
e a r l y ho u r s
t h e mo r n i ng whe r e u po n t h e u nc l e p r od u c e d a g u n a nd
Of
d em a nd ed mo n e y
.
T h e c omp l a i n i ng w i t n e s s g av e h im
a nd t h e
d e f e nd a n t to o k a n ex pe n s i v e O me g a wa tc h wh i c h t h e c omp l a i n i ng w i tn e s s
5 3 04 7
h a d b e e n we a r i ng
A t t h i s po i n t i n t im e
.
a nd a r r e s t ed t he d e f e nd a n t a nd h i s u nc l e
me n t a nd t r i a l e n s u ed
po l i c e o f f i c e r s
,
a
r r iv ed
T h e a rme d ro bber y i nd i c t
.
I t c a n b e s e e n t h a t t h e d e f end a n t wa s a n
.
a c t i v e p a r t i c i pa n t i n th i s a rmed r o b b e r y
T h e s e n t e n c e wa s l e n i e n t
s e e k i n g i t s b e ne f i t s
,
T h e d e f e nd a n t wa s
.
.
p r e j u d i c e d by a
no t
s e n t e nc e o f f iv e ye a r s p r o ba t i o n i n l i g h t O f t h e f a c t t ha t h e c o u l d
h av e b e e n s e n t e n c e d to a n i nd e t e rm i na t e t e rm i n t h e p e n i t e n t i a r y
f o r h i s a c t iv e r o l e i n t h i s c r ime
C
h
3 8,
.
(b )
1
8
2
§
given
Mi tc he l l
,
111
.
Rev
.
S ta t
.
.
T h e s e c o nd c o n t e n t i o n
it i s
See
.
t he d e f e nd a n t a nd
Of
repl y
o ur
to
i n f u l l d e ta i l i n t h e a c c ompa n y i ng O p i n i o n O f P eo p l e v
A pp
.
Ct
.
NO
.
f i l e d to d a y
52 97 0 ,
.
Suf f ic e
s a y th a t
to
e r r o r o c c u r r e d i n t h e he a r i ng i n a g g r a va t io n a nd m i t i g a t i on
.
.
no
The
tr i a l c o u r t wa s m e r e l y b e i ng a dv i s e d O f t h e d e f e nd a n t s pa s t c r im
'
i n a l r e c o r d p u r s u an t to I l l
.
Rev
.
S ta t
Ch
.
38
.
l
7
§
,
(g )
.
T h i s d id n o t i nvo l v e a c a s e i n wh i c h t h e tr i a l c o u r t wa s a dv i s ed
Of
a r r e s t s fo l l owed b y no s u b s e q u en t c o nv i c t i o n s a s o c c u r r e d i n
o r p l a c e d i t s r e l i a nc e i n s e n t e n c i ng u po n o th e r i n c omp e t e n t ma t e r i a l
s u c h a s a pr i o r i n c a r c e r a t io n u nd e r t h e F am i l y Co u r t
243
,
225 N E
.
2d
.
s ha bl e
c our t
S ta te
Of
"
O f f e r ed
T h e s e c a s e s a r e c i t ed b y t h e d e f e nd a n t
76
i n s u p po r t O f h i s s e c o nd c o n t e n t i o n
gu i
Ac t
f r om t h e c a s e a t ba r
.
,
Here
b u t t h e y a r e C l ea r l y d i s t i n
,
t h e p r o s e c u to r adv i s ed t h e
a n a p p a r e n t n e go t i a t e d p l e a t o a l e s s e r o f f e n s e a s th e
no l l ed
"
a f e l o n y i nd i c tm e n t f o r a t temp t e d r o bb e r y a nd t h e
d e f e nd a n t r e c e iv ed a s ho r t e r m i s d em e a no r p u n i s hme n t f o r a g g r av a t e d
ba t t e r y
.
d e f e nd a n t
T h e a g g r av a t ed b a t t e r y a nd t he a rmed r o b b e r y w i t h wh i c h
t h e n c ha r g e d m i g h t hav e b e e n p a r t
wa s
c r im i na l c o nd u c t
th e d e f e nd a n t
.
.
T hu s
,
of
one
ac t O f
we d o no t a g r e e w i t h t h i s c o n t e n t i on
of
52 495
C IT ! OF C H I C A GO , a m u n i c i p a l
c o r p o r a t i on ,
A PPEA L
C I RC U I T C OURT OF C O O K C O UNT!
P l a i n t i f f -App e l l a n t ,
D E PA RT ME NT ,
C OU NT !
V
F ROM
.
C H A NC E R!
CH I C A GO T I T LE AND TRUS T C OMPA N! ,
T r u s t e e u n de r T r u s t No 37 335 a n d
D e e d i n T r u s t , d a t e d F eb r u a r y 1 ,
1 955 , OS C A R W
B ERKS O N a n d UN
KN OWN O WNERS ,
D I V IS I O N
.
.
.
D e f e nd a n t s
.
OS C A R W B ERK S O N , MA RS HA L L B E RK S O N ,
S ! L V I A B ER K S O N a nd C H I C A GO T IT L E
AND T RUS T C OMPA N! , T r u s t e e ,
.
H on o r ab l e A l vi n J K v i
Ju d g e P re s i d i n g
s ta d ,
.
D e f e nd a n t s - A pp e l l e e s
MR
.
JUS TI C E
Th e
C
.
.
C RAV E N
D E L I VE RE D
i ty
C h i c a go i n s t i t ut e d
Of
TH E O P I N I O N OF TH E C O URT
p u r s u a n t t o t h e p r ov i s i on s
of
11 -13- 15
V i l l a ge s
pa ra s
.
t h e C i t i e s an d
of
11— 31 - 1 ,
t a i n p ro p e r t y
11-31-2
on
a
t ru s t e e ,
s c a r B e r k s on
i
s o u ght
s e c t i on s
11- 13
ut h o ri t y
the c os t s
Of
the
p r op e r t y
d e m o l i t i on
an d
C
f or
p u b l i c a t i on
wa s
t o u n kn own o wne r s ,
b ut
re s i d en c e
W
of
Os ca r
s t re e t a d d e s s i n
a
a nd
fi led
a
c e rt i f i c a t e
a
of
W
.
p
cer
The
.
t h e o wn e r s o r
li en
on
t h e p re m i s e s
ha d
f or
.
14 ,
1 9 66 ,
wi t h
-
wa s
.
i nd i c a t e d t o
On
p ro o f
Of
Mi a mi
at
r e f e re n c e
pl a c e
of
a c e rta i n
1 9 66 ,
Ma r c h 2 1 ,
a s umm on s
s e r vi c e o n C h i c a g o
C e rt i f i c a t e s
B e r k s on a t t h e
be
An a f f i
.
f f i d a v i t t h e l a s t k n own
F l o ri d a
16
24,
T r u s t C o mp a n y , a s
we re
c i r c u i t c l e rk , i n di c a t i n g
by the
ma i l e d t o O s c a r
Ma r c h
of
.
Th e o r i g i n a l c omp l a i n t
.
on Ma r c h
r e t u rn i n d i c a t i n g
th e
T i t l e an d T r u s t on
we re
s i gn e d
i n t he
,
h
.
B e r k s on
Mi a m i
r
wa s f i l e d ,
.
a nd
i t y o f C h i c a go
T he f o l l owi n g c h ro n o l o gy o f e v en t s i s m a t e r i a l
davi t
h a n c e ry ,
11 - 31 - 2
t h e d emo l i t i on
f or
demo l i t i on
f or
C
C
u n k n o wn own e r s
an d
in
A ct
l l e g e d t h a t t h e C hi c a g o T i t l e
n t e re s t i n t h e de s c r i b e d
a
11 -31 -1 ,
63 r d S t re e t i n t h e
We s t
c omp l a i n t
s ome
,
p r o c e e d i n gs
.
of
a
ma i l i n g n o t i c e
n ot i c e ha v i n g
a dd r e s s
ub l i c a t i on i n t h e C h i c a go
.
On
Ma r c h
Da i l y Law
be e n
31 ,
Bu l l et in
,
wa s f i l e d
1 96 6 ,
i
ce
s u mmo n s
a
Os ca r W
on
F l o r i da
1 9 66 ,
a pp
B e r k s on
f or
an
o
w
an
s i de
d e n y i n g the
We
an
a
n s we r
o
wa s
by th e
on e
a pp
on e
we f i n d n o n ee d f o r the
Se e :
In
Bi
re
r dWS E s t
.
e n t e re d
w
a nd
s
wa s
mot i on
a
an
a nd
s ub
B e r k s on
,
by Os c a r B e r k s on
u b s e q u en t l y
1 967 ,
th e
1 967 ,
i n v a r i abl y
d a t ed on
a
o
o
r de r
o
rde r
ith e r
n un c
da t e
t un c
p ro
c at i n g
wa s
e
nt e
ed
.
r de r s
n oth e r
of
the
da t e ,
co
f or
ap
t h en i n
an d
,
urt
da t e
a
A s we
v i ew t h i s rec or d ,
pra c t i ce
re f l e c t e d t h e r e i n
.
.
.
C hao
3 90 , 1 0 2 N E 2 d 3 2 9
.
r
a nd
p r a c t i c e f o r wh i c h we
t r i a l c o u r t , n un c pr o t u n c
e
va
r ec or d i n t h i s c a se
n u n c pr o t u n c
a
da t e ,
an
n u m e r ou s
Af t e r
.
Ma r c h o f
e l l a n t t hat
#10 Ill
,
Ma y 1 3 ,
1 9 66 ,
S y l vi a
,
i n st
on
B e r k s on
.
e
r
v
s
a ga
a nd
Ju n e 7 ,
On
On Ap r i l 6 ,
.
Da d o C o u n ty
of
n e rs ,
.
30
r s on a l
ow
Os ca r
th e Ma r c h ,
by
two we e k s p r e c e d i n g
or
e nt e r ed
nt ered i n
Al m os t
.
a dd
n t e r ed
e
and
wi t h th e
on
e
the re
v a ca t e
to
p e a r to b e f i l e d
i t i on
u n k n own
pe
h eri f f
th e d e c r e e f or d e mo l i t i o n
r de r
j u s t i f i c a t i on
no
a nd
a nd
wa s f i l e d by the d e f e n d a n t Ma r s h a l l
1 966 ,
21 ,
th e d e c r e e ,
re e
s
d e f a u l t wa s
of
by the d e f e n da n t
i s u n n e c e s s a r i l y c on f u s e d
se e
r de r
3 0 by the
d e f e n d a n t s Ma r s h a l l Be r k s on
m ot i on
ag
o
B e r k s on
.
r d e r v a ca t i n g
a
on
an
e n t e r ed
Ju ly
c o nt i n u a n c e s ,
tt i ng
Ma r c h
t he
On
.
93
B e r k s on
da t e
o n t hat
16 ,
Ma rc h
t h e r et u r n i n d i ca t i n g
f o r d e mo l i t i on wa s
wa s
by
uent ly
on
wa s f i l e d ,
Os c a r
dec r e e
a
pu b l i c a t i o n
On Ap r i l 2 6 ,
.
e a ran c e
a nd
se
.
d e f e n da n t s
the
seq
i n di c at i n g
.
2d
3 2 0 , 2 2 7 N E 2 d 5 62
.
city
Th e
t ha t
d e mo l i t i o n
v a c a t e th e
so
th e mot i o n
me n t s
on
the
wa s
to
f i l ed
e
lac ki ng
21 ,
1 9 66 ,
o
r de r
m ot i on
to
n ot i c e
a
b y t he
a pp e a
l
u th r i t y
to
vac a t
t i me
of
the
the
a nd
e
its
fi
ling
th e d e f e n d a nt
,
a
s se rt s
or d
er
of
th e
in
ca
s e i n d i ca t e s th a t
f a ct
,
d em o l i s h ed
th e
s om e
f or
Os c a r
the d emo l i t i o n p e n d i n g d i s p os i t i o n
of
i mp r ov e
two wee k s
.
f i r s t to t he q u e s t i o n
n t e rt a i n t h i s
of
o
f o r d em o l i t i o n
we r e ,
va c a t e
a
at
r e c ord i n t h i s
p re m i s e s
t u rn
We
c ou r t
T he
.
wa s
u ght t o r e s t r a i n
.
b e f o r e th e
2 d D i st
C h i ca g o f i l e d
Ju ly
On
.
to
Be r k son
of
t r i a l c o u rt
the
mot i on
(
.
a pp ea
l
.
of
the
j u r i s d i c t i on
a s se
thi s
ss
th e
a p p ea
rt i n g t hat
all
c
A m ot i on t o d i s mi
d e f e n d a n t s - app e l l e e s
of
l
la i ms ,
a nd
r i ght s
l i ab i l i t i e s
th e
of
Th a t m ot i on to d i s m i s s the
that
we d o n ot
wa n t
of
to
a pp e
l l a t e r e v i ew
In C i t y
640
( lst
Di s t
of
l ab l e o
r
C h i ca go
v
Ba h ,
.
( l ea v e
c on s i d e r i n g
to
in
up on
th e d e f e n da n t wa s n ot
an
the
a pp e a
l
to d o
da y s
t h i rt y
c
af
i
c ause
s
upon t he
o
c la im
th e
of
s t r uct u r e
c omp e
th e
se
o
s
l l ed
rde r
t e r s erv i c e
p r op e r l y ,
u i t c ou rt
Th i s
W e f ee l
of
p en d i n g
till
s ee
c
a nd
c
i
as
r e l e van t
s
h a s b e en n o
se
i n g wh e r e i n
the
turn
t ab l i s h e d
da t e
es
de f a u l t
f or
r
e
c
e
n
t
d
e
p
ws
.
e
se
an
o
r vi c e
s e r v i ce
ab o
ut s
wa s
d i sm i s s ed
a nd
th e d e f e n da n t
cir
The
.
i ts o r d e r
a pp
f i na l
co
un t e r
d a ma g e s f o r d e m o l i t i o n
of
th e
i s su e h e r e
to th e
hi
s ta
"
Whe r e ,
own e
th e
th e
on
l at e r
o
r de r
d e f e n dant s
an
a dd
u p on
d i l i g en t
n rs
rv i ce
u rt
thi s
of
on
s ee
wh e r e
p r oc e ed
re
th e d e f e n da nt
a
l l e ge d t h a t
res s
-
wa s
n ot i c e
by
s ea
r ch
a ny
s
th e d e
the p r emi s e s ;
i nt e r e s t i n
p r ov i d e s f o r
ow e
se
co
l a s t - kn own
or
a nd
co
we
f o r d em o l i t i o n wa s ba s e d on
t ut e
r
i n t h e c i r cu i t
mp l a i n t
the
ca se
s
p r e s ent e d ,
the
,
u ch
hi
ad
s
e s t a b l i s h ed i n t h e
o
t h e r t h an
i d en t i t y
bu i l d i n g
s
or
ha l l
The d i s c u s s i on by the
co
t i on
of
a nd
th e
a pp
l i ca b l e h e r e
a pp e a
l ab l e
o
.
li
ca
Th i s
r de r
ap
p ea
u rt i n
p e r s on
wh e r e
n ot b e
sec
l
i
s
c a se r el e va n t
th e B a h
ti n
o
72
d i s m i s s e d f o r wa n t
of
.
APPEAL D I SMI SSED
,
P J
.
.
a nd
SMI T H ,
J
.
,
con c
u
r
.
to
th e P r a c t i c e A c t
of
‘
T RAP P
.
C o ok C oun t y
s c e rt a i n ab l e ,
s
r de r
n t e r e d l e s s t ha n
fi
by th e p e r s o n a l
thi s
l ea s t
th e
an d
moo tn e s s
2a
.
ub s e q u e n t l y
s
.
2 8,
d e f a u l t wa s ob t a i n e d p r i o r t o the
of
Th e
.
In
.
at
al
i
r de r
Os c a r B e r k s o n h a d
d re s s — ~ o r
a
o
B e r k s on
of
r de r
of
rvi ce
t he r e
r e c ord ;
i n i on
l ed
th e
ki ng
o
i r c u i t c ou r t
in
f e n da n t
l ab l e
on
the p r o c e e d i n g
t hat
J a n u a ry
whe r e i n n o
l i k ewi s e
n o d i s t i n c t i on b e t we e n
.
.
.
So f a r
Os c a r W
l
2 41
2d
.
i r c um s t a n c e s , v a c a t e d
i n the
r i g i n a l c omp l a i n t
d e f en d a n t s
a pp e a
umm o n s
un d e r t h e
c a se
a
d e f a u l t wa s
of
s
App
.
den i ed
l
a pp e a
ha d
ca
a pp e a
op
i mi l a r c a s e , c on c l u d e d t h a t
s
a
111
d e c r e e f or d em o l i t i on
thi s
our
s
n e c e s s a r y c on d i t i on
de r - ~ a
a
In
It i
.
e n tertain th i s
to
va c a t i n g
.
n ot be e n a d j u d i c a te d
.
1 9 68 )
.
in
t h i s c o u rt ,
I
a pp e a
h av e
wa s d e n i e d
l
a pp e a
h a ve j u r i s d i c t i o n
f i na l
a
pa rt i e s
.
a
-
n ee d
not
l e n g th
ex a m i n e
c o u r t a nd r e m a n di n g
the
ver si n g
dis c r e tio n
rec ord
i n de tai l nor
i t i s Ju s tified i n
r a th er
,
the
2
the
c a se
the
decis i on
the
c a s e for f u r th e r p r oc eed i n gs
a nd
c o n side r
m ay
r eve r sing
i s not r e quir e d
ca s e
dis c u s s
l ow e r
of the
H o wev e r
.
App e l l a te C ou r t with i n
a nd the
de te r m ine
at
c a s e on
the
i ts m
e r i ts
re
,
i ts
.
°
S pe a r s v
Sp e a r s
.
speC 1fi c i a lly
a nd
we
,
4 5 111
.
2 d 167 , 17 0
.
T he
.
a
ppe l l a n t ha s
r e qu e s te d this c o u r t to de cide this c a s e
be lieve th a t this
M a r ti n F
a
App
.
is
a nd
a
p r op er c a se
C ath e ri n e
on
i ts m
erits
exe r c i s e th i s d i s c r e ti o n
to
p l a i n ti ffs
Br o w n ,
w e r e i s s u ed
,
H om eo w n e r s po l ic y b y F a r m er s A u tom o bi l e I n s u r an ce C o m p an y
def e
n d a n t i n s u ri n g
,
the
p r e m is e s l oc a ted
at
3 3 6 V i ne
C h ic a go in c l u di n g u n s c h ed u l e d p er s on a l p r op e r ty
,
is s u e d effec tive F e br ua r y 3
Pa r a gr ap h
15
of
the
,
1966, to
.
S tr ee t
,
W
,
19 6 9
ccide n ta l dis c h a r ge l e a ka ge or ove r fl ow
of wa ter or s te a m fr om w i thi n a p l u m bi ng h e a t ing
or a i r c o n d i tioning s y s te m or dom e s ti c a ppli a nc e
a
wa s
.
,
,
x
a
est
Th i s p o l i c y
expir e F e br ua r y 3
,
p o lic y p r ovided c o ve r a ge for :
II
Un der
.
s ec tio n h e a ded
"
Sp ecia l
Exc lusm ns
"
the
,
,
p o lic y p r ovi de d
in
p ar t
"
This C om p a n y s h a l l nOt be lia bl e :
15
: for
( b ) a s r e sp ec ts P er il s
l o s s c a u s ed by r e s u l tin g fr o m c on tr i b uted
to or a ggr a v a te d by a ny of the f o l l ow ing :
(2 ) w a ter w hi c h ba c k s up tnroug :
s e we r s or dr ain s ;
,
,
"
On
f u l l f or c e
a nd
or a
bou t J u n e
effe c t
p r oper ty c ove r e d
,
the
by the
10 , 19 67 , w h i l e
i n s u r ed s u s taine d
p o lic y
,
a
s aid p o li c y
l os s
w hi chlos s wa s
in
was i n
c e r tai n
c a u se d
by
a s
p ers ons !
e w er
ba c ki ng
-
i n the ba s e m
up
3
e n t a nd d a m a ging c e r tain fu rn i tu re
a nd Ot
h er p rope r ty of p l ain tiffs
i enced
u n us ua l l y h e av y r ai n fa l l
an
in
l oc a ted
p l a i n e d of
p or tio n
Th e p l ai n tiff s h ave
a
c c or da n c e
c l aim
the
p l ai n t o n
W
i th the ter m
the
a
c l ai m
poli cy
Th e c au s e
.
set
wa s
defe n ded
ju dgm e n t wa s e n te r e d i n f avor of
f r e s aid
a o
be
a
the
p u rp o s e
as a
w h o l e to
vh i ch th e y
u n l a wfu l
,
in s u r a n c e p o l i c y
pan y
an a m
to
a s the
big ui ty i n
c re a te
the a m
2 d 4 3 2 , 43 5
the
.
wi l l
.
de te r m in e
to
fi t a nd
Th e
it
we l l
p a r ty th a t d r af te d
fa c t ex i s ts
a
a nd a
i ts e l f
I n c on s tr ui n g
in s tr u m e n t a s
was
a nd on
the
he l d
Ju l y
2,
g in s t
a nd a a
be
c o n s tr u e d
the
i n te n ti on
w ho l e ,
a
in a
a
gr e e m e n t sh ou l d
of the
Th e p a r tie s
.
c c ord a n c e
pa r ti e s
.
i s th e n the
k no w n r u l e th a t a n
m os t
the
s tr on g l y
p o lic y on l y
a
am
c ou r t to
bi g u i ty
g a i n s t the
ha s
N a tion wi d e I n s
.
Co
e n de avor
to a s
,
.
i ns ur
pp lic a ti on
.
E rv i n
eh
i n an
a
v
if
i t,
c o u r t m a y n0 t di s tor t the c om
p o lic y of i n s u ra n c e
a nd
of the
d u ty
a nd
to a n l n
i n c o rp or a te s u ch p r ov i s i on s in to
be c o n s tr u e d
bi g ui ty
A g ain s t
"
ba si s of
on the
p l ain tiff s
s ou g h t to a c c om p li s h
he y s e e
as t
for c e th o s e p r ovisio n s
com
P er i l s I n s u red
ge n e r a l c o n tr a c t r u l e of c on s tru c ti on th a t the
s c er tai n e d
h e i r c orn
t
.
s u r a n c e c o n tr a c t a re fr e e
not
ba s m g
19 68,
the
Th e defe n d a n t
.
Th e tr i a l
.
,
the
A n i n s u r a n c e c o n tr a c t s h ou l d
wi th the
"
of the
f or th th e rei n
co m
gai n s t defe n da n t for
p o lic y
the
c o u r t with o u t a ju r y o n Ap ri l 3 0
defe n da n t a s
a
e xper
the se we r
,
d a m a ge s
g the
,
15
e s t C h i c a go
r e s u l t of th i s
ca us m
s of
pp l i a n ce s
10 , 19 67 , W
Th er e af ter p l ain ti ffs fi l ed s ui t
.
sp e cia l exc l u sion s s e c tion
19 6 8,
m ade
p r ovisio n s of p a r a gr ap h
of the
bef or e the
As
p l a i n tiff s ba s e m en t ba c k ed up
.
the
de nied
.
'
in
d a m a ge s
On ju n e
.
a
,
,
nee
“ h e re
.
ma
87
Ill
A pp
.
c ou r ts s hou ld c on s d er
c e r tain
i
the
in ten tion
of the
.
-4
p ar tie s
the
,
a nd the
to the
p a r tie s
a
c o n tr a c t a nd
m
Co
to
54
.
I ll
.
ho se
t
App
W alsh v
a
Th e l a n g u a ge of
an
the
on e
m
ble
a nd
o n e u n r e a s on a b l e
Ill
App
.
25
Ill
2 d 405 , 407
.
App
.
d am a ge
.
dr iven b y
m
2 d 3 5 , 3 6 , the
wi n d
or
not
in
"
e a ni n g
the
dir ec t for c e
i n te rior
by
un le s s
e n teri n g
r ain
wa l l s m
d a m a ge
a
de
by
the
r ai n
evide n c e
c au s e d
by
r oof
wa l l s by
in
or
in te rp r e ting
the
ha d
the
the
e a ni n g
defe n d a n t th a t i t wa s
u n a m big u ou s in s of a r
,
.
Ill
91
.
2 d 1 56
.
be c a u s e
V
.
A l l s ta te Ins
.
I n s u r a nce C o
bui l dings
.
of
wind
the
or
d a m a ge
be
.
Co
89
.
Am
e
r ica
the
or w a
lia bl e fo r l o s s
lls
to
m a y be
as
the
r oof
s u ffe r e d s om e
s ed
ca u
or
W
i nd
dis c l os e th a t the i n te r i or d a m a ge
d w e l ling th ro u gh
of the
wi n d
e rm
a nd the t
not l i a b l e
ca s e
for
we
.
a n Op
ening
Th e co u r t ha d
his p o lic y
s of t
d a m a ge d one
be lieve
i t p r ovide s th a t the
the
m ade i n
no
a nd
by the
p o lic y
,
wind s tor m
r oof
to
p e ni n g s i n
ha d
re a s on
c on ta i ning
o
Pl ain ti ff
o re
whe the r
,
p r op e r ty c ove re d th er e in
not
i n this
as
c ove re d
.
one
.
of
.
w ord
a
N or th
c o v e r a ge
for
a n a e tua l
"
160
,
the w h o l e i s s u s c ep ti bl e of m
D odge v
.
a re
a
p op u l a r s en s e
a nd
App
the
S u bu r ba n Ca s
.
c om m
the
b i guo u s
i s not a m
bui l di n gs th r o u g h
dir e c t a c tio n
Sim i l a r l y
C oo k v
r din a r y
h n s ha l l
di d
e n te r ed
the m
c ondi ti on s
o
a nd t e
dir ec t a c tion of
but the
a nd
exc l u de d d a m a ge c au s ed b y r ain
b ui l din g s or
of the
i n te n ti o n of
.
,
C ou r ts
.
the
s u s ed i n
p o lic y p r ovide d
wi n d
of
Co
.
.
p r ope r ty c ove r e d s h a l l fir s t s u s tain
by
,
de a l i n g
a re
c o n tex t i t i s s u s c ep ti bl e of
In W a s s on
.
but exp r e s s l y
,
In s
.
c on tex t of
or be c au s e
,
p a r tie s
p l ain
i n s u r a n c e p o lic y
th a n
a
to th eir
.
or p h r a s e is o l a te d fr o m
e a ni n g
by the
The te r m
.
M ut A u to
S ta te F a r m
.
e n forc e
u s t no t in jec t te r m s
gr ee d up o n
cc ordin g
a nd
s c e r tai n
2 d 190 , 196
.
be u n de r s tood
a
w hi c h th e y
p a r tie s s ou g h t to a c c o m p li s h
but to
differ e n t fr o m
wi th
s u bjec t m a tte r
w hic h the
p u rpo s e
h ave n o fu n c tio n
ca n
the
n a tu r e of
is
c om p a n y sha ll
d i ff i c ul t\
he ld
for
r ai n w a te r
c l ear
net
1
3
.
a nd
5 1945
P E T ER
CON G I A RDO ,
Pl
V
T ON Y
T ON Y
a
-A
f
f
inti
pp e l l e e ,
C I R C U I T C OU RT OF
C OOK C OU NTY
.
B ORD ENARO ,
SR
B OR D ENARO ,
JR
.
,
.
,
P RE S I D I N G J U S T I C E
.
Th i s i
an
s
a pp e a
j u r y v e rd i c t
on a
De f e n da n t s
co
plai nt i f f
l
i mp r o p e r
fa ir
ce s s
a nd
trial
in
a nd
iv a
p re j u d i c i a l
T he f o l l o w i n g
whe n
to
co
ca r
a
as
Ton y
l l i s i on
ve l t
en o
u gh
s
u po n
i nt e rs ec t i on
To n y
T he c o l l i s i o n
of
no t
di
n o th e r
a
S p u te d
Jr
u t omob i l e i n
S t re et
go i n g
in
co
a
and
t oo k
pl ac e
at
Pe te r
Co n q i
a rd o
.
a
jury
co
we r e
r
of
r g um en t
wa s
to
i te
i
A M
.
.
on
.
i n j u r ed
wa s
i n te r s e c t i on
bo th
s
ex
i n v o l v ed i n
a nd
s
so
i de s
,
co
n t r o l l ed
a nd
S unday
,
by
i
ea s
u th ;
a
R oo s e
of
i t run s
d i r e c t i o n s to p a s s
Mo r g a n
a
wa s g r o s s l y
wa s
,
d i v i de r ;
on
in st
( h e r e i n a f te r r e f e r r e d
,
u n s n o r th
l l owe d
.
a ga
n du c t
P l a in ti f f
.
r i di ng
t he
n c r e te
We st )
O pp o s
Ro o s e v e l t
in j u ries
j u d gm e n t
.
d e f en d a n ts
Roo s e v e l t Ro a d ( 1 2 0 0 S o u th )
.
a
inst
t e n t m ed i c a l t e s t im o ny
c omp e
t
f ou r
s
and
it i
s
a
it i
s
wi de
saf e
a
ly
T he
.
s to p
l i gh t
S e p te mb e r l l
,
E arl y
i
n
of
t he mo r n i n g o f
on
f r o n t o f hi
be l o n g i n g to
s
hou s e
Ton y
at
,
a inti f f
l
p
S u nday
19 03 W est
B o r d e na ro
,
Sr .
,
S e pt e mb e r
Ra c e S t r e et
11 ,
19 60 ,
he w a s
wo r k i n g o n
( h e r e i n a f t e r r e f e r r e d to
a
as
.
19 60
E V I D EN C E
T e s t i mo n y
c
,
the d e f e n d a n t s
the
wh i c h p l a in t i f f wa s
wi t h p a r k i n g
of
verd i c t
a ny
a ga
t h a t th e
of
/
7
a
OP I N I ON OF T EE C OU R T
f or p e r s on a l
a nd
A
I
i
A
’
.
i n c los ing
a nd
I) (
Bru s sel l
.
n te r e d
(2)
B o r d e n a ro ,
S t ree t ( 1 0 0 0
c ars
uit
e
r i gh t s
the
a re
d i v i d e d by
t r e et
for
in
a
a nd
Mo r g a n
.
)
Mo rg a n
and
wi d e
two - wa y
.
.
wi t h
Ro ad
l anes
we s t
Jr
trial
t he
facts
d r i v e n by
s
THE
ve r d i c t
the
to
th a t
no t ba s e d
a
the e v i d e n c e ,
du r i n g
(3)
j u d gm e n t
a
of
un sel
a nd
,
f r om
n t en d ( 1 ) t h a t
co
s
)
D RU C K E R D E L I V E RE D
the m a n i f e s t we i g h t o f
'
.
H o n o r a bl e
Ab r a h am W
P res iding
.
1
a nd
D e f e n d a n t s - Ap p e l l a n t s
MR
F ROM
A P P E AL
t r u ck
.
51945
a nd
giv ing
to l d
he
hi m
up
Jr
'
.
s
tt
f ew
a
en d e d
i n g to
l o se
hi
l eep i n
T on y
As h l a n d ,
y
ea s
ca r
o n Mo r g a
ve l t
a
l th o u g h
wh i c h
en
r eg
it
t e red
car
as
a nd
y!
be f o r e
s
to
i s te red
se
Jr .
"
:
Ton y
"
.
the
Jr .
pla int i f f
l o se
to
,
h im :
o ut :
a nd
go t
cut
off
at
i n to
.
l ate
He
.
"
s
he
a f te
Take i t
m a ny
the
k n ow
t reet
the
l i ed :
h a l f wa y
W a tc h
d o e s n o t r e m e mb e r
'
l i gh t
the
ac
r os s
,
on
take
it
of
o ut
t he
t he
t r av e l l e d
R oo s e
l im i t o n
are
Mo r g a n
,
r e s i de n
.
wa s
.
ny th i n g
pl a i n t i f f
you
a
mb e r
a
"
,
e
T he
sa
id
g o i n g to
t he
W h en
.
P la inti f f
"
in t
'
the
m e te r
P la inti ff
.
it
s aw
S p ee d o
the
at
h ou r
l l ma k e
t he B u i c k !
a
f a l l en
hou r
wi th
R oo s e v e l t
l igh t ,
the
We
y
th e y
s p ee d
ven
.
i n t e r s ec t i o n
th e n l o o k e d
"
e
a nd
t t e mp t
a
r having
eas
bl o c k s
m i l e s per
Watch
a nd
H e wa s
.
in
c ut
f a th e r
s
Wol
he wa n t e d t o g e t o u t o f
how
h i ng
v e n ty - two
"
T o ny
.
t r u ck
d i d no t tr y to g e t
th a t
.
k n ow
a mbe r ;
.
hi
S t r eet
c h e d R oo s e v e l t R o a d
r ep
a nd
f i f ty - f i v e m i l e s p e r
to
reac
i n t e r s ec t i on
l l ed
id
th ro u g h
a
Sn o o k y
th e c a r wa s
ca
rt
Mo r g a n
on
pla i nti f f
a pp ro a
c ar
t he
b l o c k s t o the no r th o f
i
car
p a r k e d be h i n d
a nd
h ou s e T o ny J r
s
P la int i f f
d oe s no t
si x
t ru c k
it
x
wa y to p i c k u p p l a i n t i f f
s
te l l Ton y J r
h a n ge
c
'
e f fo
u th
sa
"
No r do e s
the
T on y
red
c ra z
Mo rg a n
t op l i g h t
ma k e
pl a i n t i f f
he
.
an
so
hi
on
s
t he
to o l s .
s
wa s g o i n g f i f ty
yo u
the
a nd
As
to
car
u n d e r n e a th
hi
fi
a nd
r r i v ed
f a th e r be c a u s e h e wa s
n S t re e t
Ro a d
ti a l
s
s
a
on
ha d b r o k e n d o wn ;
tr uck
wi t h h i m
.
in
d r o v e d own A s h l a n d Av e n u e
go i n g
s
mu f f l e r
d r o v e up
.
t e r T o ny J r
t re e t s i n
P laint iff
.
a l ong
pl a in t i f f
th e n
hi
a nd
no r d i d
car
af
w i th h i
up
Jr .
a re
,
s
c o me
ne w
B o r d ena r o
g o t o ut f r om
a nd
tua l l y
as
hor t l y
a
Ton y J r
.
n o th e r
a
to
l eav i ng
Av e n u e
of
o ut
s
car
Af t e r
e - up
tha t
P lainti ff
.
To n y
co
tun
pl a i nt i f f
d ro ve
.
it
a
pl a i n t i f f
a sk e d
Sr
wa s p u t t i n g
P l a i n ti f f
T o ny
car
a nd
i t t u r n e d to
s aw
th e
cars
l s e un t i l
he
co
ot
he r
l l i ded
r e g a in e d
a nd
5 19 45
co
Af t e r
t he
h
ba c k
of
hi
h ead
s
j u ry )
t o t he
g o e s d own
To n y J r
af
te r
of fe
r ed
s
co
s
i x ty - s e v e n
we a th e r
a nd
h i le
pa t i e n t
Ad m i n i s t r a t i o n
c e i ve d
mo n th
a
un t i l
a nd
t i me s
to the
a
l ike
ad
re
l i ev e
qu i c k l y ;
v e rse
Rev
Wh en
on
on e
s
of
.
,
the
at
a
Sr
ho u s e be c a u s e the
the
t ime
wh i c h wa s
pla int i f f
t oo l s
so
of
the
at
to
th a t
ch .
r r i v ed
T on y
a
14th
fi
a sp
se
.
o
s
s
gets
occa s
.
a
$6;
he
.
h e a da c h e s
yea r
af
V e te r a n s
l lar
t he
to
te r
a bo
th e
re
,
.
a bo
u t th r e e
ine
acc
th i s
c on d i t i o n
ba s e
iden t
wh e n e v e r he t u r n e d h i
hoc k
ut
i d en t
acc
c o de
a
o ut
an
as
co
f or
h e a da ch e s
i on a l l y
.
s
ha s d i s a pp e a r e d
P r act ic e
Ac t ,
Ill
.
.
.
'
T o ny
B o rd e n a r o
s
ho u s e
Jr
.
p l a i n t i f f wa s wo r k i n g
ha d go n e to p l a i n t i f f
d own
t r u c k ha d b r o k e n
.
'
s
At
he wa s g o i n g t o th e o th e r b r o k e n t r u c k
J e f f e r son S t r eet s :
b r o th e r
hile
t r e a te d
rv i c a l
6 0 o f th e C i v i l
pl a in t i f f
c c i de n t
and
s
t im e
60
t ru ck s
th e r
neck
S u bs e q u e n t
.
a nd
ve r e
110 ,
th a t t r u c k
x
hi
'
l se
i r in
p r e s en t
at
e
"
F o r a bo u t
.
a
ce
plaint i ff
u n de r S e c t i o n
1961 ,
he
t im e
uf fer
a nd
a
th e n
aw
fo r
th e
of
h o wn
s
f am i l y d oc to r
s
rv i c e s
h ead
s
t he
wa s
bi l l o f
p l a i n t i f f wo u l d g e t
v e r y bo d y
the p a i n
wi t n e s s
S ta t
.
e
bo u g h t
se
Re
up bu t
Ad mi n i s t r a t i o n
f o r the
ha d h i
c ident
H e t ake s
.
p l a i n t i f f wo u l d
he a d
ac
Ve te r a n s
h a r ge
a nd
th e p r e s e n t
we e k
p i l l to
"
c
P la in t i f f
.
p hy s i o th e r a p y
Prior
o nc e
no
lls
s we
wa r m p l a c e
f r om h i
.
in
put
$ 1 0 0 wh i c h p l a i n t i f f r e f u s e d
we n t to the
There i s
.
tu r n
r ( wh i c h
r
r a i gh t
I l l in o i s
t i tc h e s
sca
sca
st
a ny
to
I l l i n o i s Re s ea r c h H o sp i t a l
pl a i n t i f f
th e n
a
s
a
the
r ema i n s i n
P l a i n t i f f r e c e i v e d t r e a tm e n t
aw
wa s go i n g
.
t ak en
t itches left
ld
pla int i f f
p a i d the
.
he ha d
Du r i n g
.
p l a i n t i f f wa s
T h e se
.
T on y J r
.
he wa s no t g o i n g to ma k e
c o l l i s i on
H o s p i t a l wh e r e
s e a rc
l so
h o s p i ta l
Ro o s e v e l t R o a d ;
a c ro s s
a
th e
at
n sc i ou sn e s s
.
H e ha d o n l y
J immy
he wa s n o t
go
ne
B ord e n a r o c o u l d
tak i ng
to g e t p l a i n t i f f
fi
x
th e t r u c k
.
'
s
5 19 45
He
s
tated th at
wa s
it
at
i
She
co
a nd
urt
ma c h i n e
mi n u t e
s
hi
the
t im e
s
co
a
d e po s i t i o n
on
h o r th a n d
at
a nd
1,
1962
th a n
,
h o r th a n d n o te s i n
s
t r a n s c r i be s th em
tak e
c an
t ake s
who
a nd
he r
t ra n s c r i p t
mm a r y
of
su
1962
m i n im um
a
at
,
d e po s i t i o n o f
a
B o rd e n a r o
She w r i t e s
.
2 0 0 wo r d s p e r
of
P
Ton y
qu e s t i o n s
t e s t i mo n y
the
oa t
a nd
h
Jr
a
t en og r a ph i c
s
th a t
At
.
th e n r e a d
She
.
n swe r s q u o te d
T on y J r
of
t oo k
s he
M.
B o rd en a ro ,
te s t i f i ed unde r
th e
.
t im e
f r om
ba c k
a bo
ve i n
the
.
D E F EN S E
TH E
T e s t im o n y
An th o n y B o r d e n a r o ,
of
On t he d a y
f o l l ow i n g hi
T o ny
Sr
w i th
a
se
.
s
of
the
f a th e r
'
of
t ruck
fi
t he
x
Ton y
pla in t i ff ;
wa s
aga
f ru i t
to the
truck
Jr
T ony S r
i n c on f r on t e d
wa s
se
w i th
t r u ck
wh e n
th e
nt
s ta
o
nd
t o t he
t ruck
th e n
a nd
se
e
s
T h e re
a nd
J immy l i v e s
pl aint i f f
ho u s e
s
Sr
th a t
hi
hi
s
s
s
truck s
b r o th e r
too l s
a nd
f ru i t
th e
at
v e r twe n ty m i l e s
to g e t
f ou n d
a nd
'
.
o
h ou s e
at
To n y
go t
'
t oo l s
no
a re
.
pu t
a wa
m e t oo l s
h im
Ton y
J immy
so
wo r k i n g
Jr .
as
ke d
uld
fi
x
co
th em i n
t he
s
y
ta nd
He
.
or
a
u n de r
t oo l s
s
ba c k
se a
t
Ton y J r
.
f r om h i
th e
at
at
'
t r u ck
of
.
h o od
for p l a i n t i f f
t he b r o k e n
J immy
t a t em e n t
r r i v ed
the
.
to g e t the
T o ny J r
so
,
th a t
so
t a t em e n t
d e p o s i t i o n but he d o e s n o t r e membe r m a k i n g th e
pe op l e
i t h e r T o ny S r
n d h im
n t r ad i c to r y
wh e r e
nd
s ta
S ev e r a l
s om e
to g e t
h e wa s
.
b r o k e d own
t oo l s
s om e
g et
n ly
.
me c h a n i sm .
d i d no t
.
co
a
r i ng
A M
or
s)
'
a nd
to g o
.
.
.
s te e
d e f e n d an t
a
,
at
Sr .
S u nd ay s
th e
Jr .
i d en t
( Ton y
s
J i mm y t o l d T o n y J r
u ld
acc
f r u i t on
lls
ma l f u n c t i o n
p u s h e d t he
co
Ma r c h
on
.
Mr .
or
be t t e r
t r i al
of
u r t r e p o r te r
On Ma r c h 1 ,
no t e s
m e mo r y wa s
s
s
.
Ton y
s to
.
s
.
re
we n t to
pla inti f f
of
o ne
to o l s
'
of
so
P l a i nti f f
Jr .
'
s
car
.
s
$ 19 4 5
Pla int i f f
re p
sa
"
l i ed :
so
At
To
d on
'
sa
t k n ow
id :
"
i ng
to
the
Mo rg a n
s to p
he wa s
cars ;
c
the
h a n g ed
c a rs
wa s
s
t op p e d
l i g ht
c
wa s
of
to
a
mb e r
T on y
Jr
T on y
s
Jr
till
the
Jr
wa s
s
s
'
.
'
.
'
.
s
car :
s
car
car
e
Af t er
wh e re he
pi ta l
se
Jr
a nd
v e ra l
.
n d ed
the
sta
ye d
Spo
day s
ke
Af t e r
.
ha d
s we r
up o n
tu r n i ng
imp a c t
ac
v ed
acc
of f
safe
to hi m
l a t er
at
h ou r s
th e r e
He
pl a i n t i f f
so
me
'
re
s
n ex t
h ome
nt
th e
amb e
r
to
Bu i c k
,
r an
r i gh t
r ed
i n to
f r on t o f
Js
car
wa s
pa r k e d on
f i re p lug
the
Ton y
.
.
to the
pl a i nti f f
s aw
He
.
.
a
,
.
tra f f i c
t he
c a me th r o u g h
t aken
wa s
.
T o ny J r
a nd
the B u i c k wa s
hit
a nd
l i gh t
t he
tu r n s
i mp a c t T o n y
i de nt
a nd
beh i n d the o th e r
the
ty i s l a n d
c i d en t T on y J r
fo r f i ve
Wh e n
.
f r om
car
wa s
Ro o s e v e l t
wh e n
e a st
r ea ch
be h i n d two o th e r
left
ma d e
T he o th e r
th e
c ar
.
wa s twe n ty - f i v e
of
t o p pe d
la st
go i n g
wa s
of
t a i n ed
.
Je f
r
u
o
d
ce
p
th e
b l o c k s be f o r e
i gh t
l e f t t u rn
a
car
.
the
s
a nd
!
S po
ke
h o sp i ta l
to p l a i n t i f f
P la int i ff
.
mo n e y
a nd
th e ho s
at
as
T on y J r
.
k e d T o ny
sa
id
he
.
T e s t imo n y
of
A n th o n y B o r d e n a r o
On the d a y
d own
l l i s i on
t o he l p h i m o u t w i t h
wo u l d
he
A t t he mom e n t o f
.
it
but
ma k e
the p o i n t
t a t i o n a ry
ide
s
co
a
th e f t o f
l on g
a
w i th
on
1 4 th
on
,
i n t e r s ec t i on
cars
l i ght
yo u
,
S t r eet
at
c o me
.
the
wa n t e d t o g o
i n t e r sec t i on
the
A
.
wi th
e
he
a nd
the o th e r
p r e p a r i n g to
h a n g ed
th e r e
red
i n to
i n t e r s e c t i o n wh i l e the
a nd
for
f i v e f e e t be h i n d the
Bo t h
.
me
co
s pe ed
Ton y J r
"
b r o th e r d o e s mo s t o f
to p r e v e n t
h ighest
l igh t
a ny
Ma x we l l
at
t ru c k
he p r o c e e d e d
two
wa s
.
h e l p!
P l a in ti f f
.
he g o t to the
W hen
.
c ar
"
d r o v e d own Mo r g a n
.
Roo s e v e l t ;
th i r ty
s
my
! o u wa n t to
f e r s o n wa t c h i n g the
Jr
n eed
yo u
be c a u s e
hi
or
t h i s t im e T o n y S r
Ton y
th ink
! ou
t ruck s
Jr .
ny
id :
I
wo r k o n the
"
a bo
ut
a
of
bl oc k
,
Sr
.
the a c c i d e n t o n e
f r om h i
s
fruit
a
,
of
s ta
nd
d e f e n da n t
T o ny
.
He
Sr .
'
a nd
s
tr uck s br oke
hi
s
two
so
ns
5 19 45
p u s h e d t he
se
n t Ton y J r
t he
l l i ng
so
th a t
t ruc k
the
wa s
in
all
hi
Sr
hi
of
th e r
fr
o
s
o
of
m e t oo l s
J immy
,
r e pa i r
to
f t e r he
a
to
.
a nd
go
ge t
me c h a n i c
a
be c a u s e
T on y S r
,
so
k e pt
.
me
co
,
th e n
He
.
truck
t he
le ft
who wa s
,
J e f f e r s on
a nd
to o l s
uld
we r e
p l a i n t i f f wa s
r e pa i r i n g
he d i d no t
k n ow th a t o ne
of
in
t e l l T on y
a nd
k n ow th a t
plaint i ff
'
h ou s e
s
the
Jr
t oo l s
g et
u sua l
de f en d an t s
'
a
in
pl ace
hi
fi
x
to
f r o n t o f hi
too l s ;
an
t r uck s
s
l ook
d i d no t
He
.
wh e r e to g e t the
.
s to
s
j u st
he
i f
see
re
sa
.
id :
"
.
n oo n r e c e s s
d i d no t r em e mb e r
19 62
s on
t ru ck s ;
s
D u r i n g t he
h ea rd
i 4 th
at
to l d T on y J r
He
.
d i d no t
.
nt
H e d i d no t
Go o ut
t an d
ha d b r o k e n ;
th e r
t rucks
s
so
s
.
Ton y
"
ro d
p r odu c e
hi
t he
to
to g e t
.
t ee r i n g
s
se
o
t ruck
l a st
the
on
t t o r n e y t e l l T on y J r
the
s
t a t em e n t s
g iven
tr ial
day o f
hi
at
he o v e r
t e s t i f y th a t
to
.
,
d e po s i t i o n
s
he
in
.
OP I N I ON
De f en da n t s
ag a
in st
th e y
a c co
e
'
W h er e
as
a nd
ide
n t i t l ed
of
pl a in t i f f
i ng
t he
s
,
a
i on s
5
Ill
.
.
In
2d
6 83
n ew
a
c c i de n t
in
as
i
s
th e
trial
mo r e
e
ve r d i c t
v i d en c e
Th ey
.
re a so
n ab l e
th a t
a nd
be l i e v a b l e t h a n
e
v i d en c e
verd i c t
s
hou l d
tr i a l
g r a n t e d b e c a u s e the
j u ry
or
be c a u s e
a
j ud g e s
r e a s o n abl e
Da i l ey
v
.
Hi ll
,
.
K a hn v
.
Ap p
.
i
s
no t
co
ot
J am e s
.
Ill
,
th a t
feel
in stant
case
t he
j u ry
by
i ts
s
th e i r
co
be
s et
u l d h ave
her
co
B u r to n
2d
n fl ict
nc lu
Co
.
,
2 41
.
the
i
th a t th e r e f o r e
a nd
r gu e
a
ju ry
t he
of
th e
c a se
be r e c o n c i l e d ,
n ew
614 ;
i n s tan t
the
wo u l d b e mo r e
N E 2d
.
to
of
th e
.
c an n ot
a nd
a
f ou n d d i f f e r e n t l y
s
c o n t e n d th a t
the m a n i f e s t we i g h t
are
unt
f i r st
v e r d i c t i n d i c a te d
5 19 45
f ee l
th a t
we i g h t
acco
of
j u r y r en d e r ed
t he
e
a nd
un t
tra d i
t he
hi
c te d
v i d e n c e wh e n
d i s r eg a r d
s
s
Ton y
t a t e me n t s
D ef en d a n t s
n ex t
a
n ts
as
T o ny
Jr
in
ger
i f
.
the
q u e s t i on
a
ot
c
ca
use
at
tha t
mob i l e
en c e d
a
c c i d en t s
f o u r th ,
the
qu e s t i o n
i nqu i r e d
of
c c i den t
t i on
wa s
p rop e r ,
i
th a t
i
t he
n
of
se
a
co
a s ce
j u d ge
i
ob
j e c te d
ked
e s t ab
of
u s ta i n e d
.
nd
be
,
l i sh i n g
who wa s p r e s e n t
r t a in i n g
ju r ie s rea l i z e that
a nd
th u s
n i shed
th e
ju ry
tr ia l
c ou n s e l
an
a
no t
a re
by
s
the
to
qu estion
se co
u ed
a dm o
s
t he
n swe r e d ;
be i n g
s
as
v e r a l r e a s on s :
urse
l i t i ga t i on
r ty
De f en d
.
o
to
u to
i
n f lu
u t s i de r ;
i gno r e
.
Ton y J r
u s t a i ned
s
u s t a i n ed
s
f or
co n
by the p a s s e n
i gn or e
to
s
be g r a n t e d
t r i a l j ud ge
t he
j u ry
be c a u s e
,
i n s t h im
wa s ne v e r
a nd
pa
a
be c a u s e the
s
be s i d e s the
.
a
af fec
t
t he
,
i f the d r i v e r
of
head i n j u r y
An o b j e c t i o n
re f e
ud i c i a l
l i t igan t s
of
s t ag e
Th i s
.
no t p r e j
w i th o u t mo r e ,
l i a b i l i ty
th i r d
mu c h l a t e r
At a
a nd
t he
k ed
br e ed mu c h
fac t
by the
as
d e po s i t i o n
de po s i t i o n ;
and
a
a
wa s
h ou l d
f or d e f en d a n t s
n s we r e d
qu e s t i o n
que s t i on
of
aga
wa s n o t p r e j u d i c i a l
be c a u s e the
t a k i ng
the
a
s
f o r t he p l a i n t i f f
ma de
'
.
f o r the p l a i n t i f f
c ou n s e l
C ou n s e l
.
wh i c h he d i r e c t l y
ne w t r i a l
un se l
i n s t r u c ted
a nd
r en c e
t he
co
man i fe s t
the
be l i e v e p l a i n t i f f
to
hi s d e p o s i t i o n
ha d b e e n
car
in
s
r g u e th a t a
i t wa s
be f o r e
re fe
f irs t ,
l a im
her
th e o b j e c t i o n
Th i s
Jr .
p r e j u d i c e wh e n
sert
'
inst
aga
c hose
it
at
be c a u s e o f m i s c o n d u c t o f
a
ve rd i c t
a
r en c e
T he
i s sue
of
a
th a t
t he
car
in
th e
to t h i s
q ues
wh i l e p e rh a p s i m
l so ,
fact
i n j u r ed i n
wa s
th e
.
.
the o th e r
f or p l a i n t i f f
a
acc
de f e n d a n t s
n o th e r i n d i v i d u a l
i d en t
'
wo u l d n o t ,
n e g l i g en c e
a nd
.
P la int i ff
h i m to t e s t i f y
d ep o s i t i o n
'
s
co
th a t
ta k e n
se
un se l
as
he d i d
ke d To n y J r
not
v e r a l y ea r s
.
r em e mb e r
ea
rl ier ;
if
a
n y on e
h a d to l d
g iv i n g t e s t i m o n y
a nd
he
a
n s we r e d
at
th a t
a
5 19 4 5
he ha d no t bee n
so
no t p r e j u d i c i a l
to d e f e n d a n t s
Jr
.
d e n i e d the
'
pl a i n t i f f
mon y
Jr .
th t
a
s
a
hi
s
to d e n y
t e s t i mo n y
a
l l eg a t i o n ;
t t o r n ey
tha t
o
a
T ran si t
t a t ed t h a t
e
l so
s
p a r ty
a
in
re
cord
l lar
a nd
the
co
a
j
a nd
to
th i s
the n a t u r e o f
by the
r e c ted
P laint i ff
put
s
a re
T on y
nd
p l a c e be c a u s e
he
i n tr odu c ed
te s t i
un se l
T on y
'
co
o
t to r n ey
wa s
a
t to r n ey
to
n ly
wo r n
it
l ip
a
te l l
co
s
a
w i th o u t
so
'
l ack
p r e j ud i c i a l
as
s
new
co
un s e l
a
yea r
e s t ab
e
s
l s o to l d
be c a u s e
a
co
th e
s
wh e n
l i sh i n g
'
a
Th i s
uld
t a t emen t
ha d
on
th e
.
ev i
t im e
oh
r e co r d
i
in
s
cor
e f fec
t
.
no t
h a ve
he adach e s
.
wa s o v e r r u l e d o n th e g r o u n d s
q ue st i on e d
f r o m p l a in t i f f
n l y r epl y i n g
th a t
he d i d n o t
j u r y th a t
wh e th e r o r no t p l a i n t i f f h a d
s
s
th e
wh i c h wa s
co
i
ha d p ur
p r e j ud i c i a l
doc to r
.
to
t t o r n ey
.
v
u n se l
t he
a ny
v i d en c e i n
u mma
ta ted
plainti f f
u n se l
a ny
trial
a
s
u rt in
co
the o b j e c t i o n
'
co
of
f or
of
th e
r g um e n t s
D e f e n d an t s
.
mi t iga t i ng
t an d
a
s
Bu l l e r i
In
.
95 ,
l i s h e d th a t
usta i ned
t to r n e y
mm e n t
are
by p l a i n t i f f
s
2d
App .
.
pl a i nti f f
the
a
d u r i n g hi
t a t em e n t s
t r i a l th e n
wa s wo r n
t t o r n ey
to t h i s
o
it
u r t , th u s
'
fai r
e s tab
co
s
Ill
41
xpl a i n i n g
t e s t i mo n y
a
a
s
'
s
we r e p r e j u d i c i a l
r g um e n t s
a
de f e n d a n t s
'
n s we r
g i v i n g t he d a m a g i n g d e po s i t i o n
c e rv i c a l c o l l a r
c e r ta i n
for
An ob j e c t i o n
d oc t o r
de f end an ts
ve r a l
u mm a t i o n
d o c t o r o n the
a
te st i f i ed
th a t
e
,
a
p ro p e r l y
j u d ge
the
up wh e n
a
f i r s t pl a ce
the
s e co
n c e r n i n g i mp r op e r
of
p e r i o d d u r i n g wh i c h
e c te d
se
l l ege s
uch
p l a i n t i f f ha d wo r n
.
a
co
s
h a se d
v e rh e a r d
in
the
n n ec t ed i t
mad e
Du r i n g
c
in
a nd
A u th o r i t y ,
wh e r e
i th e r
ne c e s s a r y
de n c e
be c a u s e
a nd
.
d i s c u s s i n g t he l aw
d ep r i v e
T h i s q u e s t i on
.
r emembe r e d
he
wh i c h d e f e n d a n t
C h i c a go
s
co
l i en t
c
P l a i nt i f f
t i on
i n s t r u c t ed
'
s
I t wa s
c a se
the
a nd
p r o pe r
a bs e
nce
of
a
th a t p l a in t i f f
f or d e f e n d a n t s
'
f a i l u r e o f p l a i n t i f f to p r e s en t
10
'
s
,
5 19 4 5
do c t o r s
br i e f
tiff
'
'
i
t he re
s
i n ju r i e s i n I l l i noi s
p r op e r l y
'
t e s t i f i ed t h a t
p l a in t i f f up
T h e re i s
i n hi
th e
s
at
a
he ha d
of
a nd
wa s
in
V
s
of
the
s
fac t
wa s
T he
co
th e i r
co
to be d i s t i n g u i s h a b l e
s
umma t i o n
s
t a t em e n t s
of
s
the
a nd
,
the
t r i a l c ou r t
t a t e me n t s
obj e
c oun s e l
of
In
.
c t i on s
hi
j u ry
th e i r
l
i
n
a
p
a
'
c om
t he wa y o v e r
on
of
fru it
the
to
be e n
i
v
n
e
g
of
v
Bo l l e
co
d e f en d a n t s
un se l
te s
to
go
co
un se l
t he
j u ry
'
j u d g e i n f o rm e d
the
t he B u l l e r i
n ew
a
f r om t he
t r i a l ; h owe v e r
in stant
f o r p l a i n t i f f wa s
r ev
ov e
i ewi n g
r r u l i ng
in stant
ca se
co
s
t he
w i th p r e j u d i c i a l
r ror i n
j u dge
tr i a l
i
,
Bu l le r i
the
t o th e p r e j
t i on s
the
case
e
up r a
.
f i nd Bu l l e r i
we
In
.
l ade n
fo u n d
ur t
ob j e c
c a se
,
s
,
.
wh e r e
t he
Ch ic a
.
nd
H ow
.
j u ry
wa s f o r the
wh e n
th e
s ta
wi t n e s s by
a
i
k
c
p
to
r e qu i r e r e v e r s a l
to .
n e g a t ed
a nd
th a t d e f e n d a n t
r e co l l e c t i on
s
pr ope r l y i n s t r u c t ed
an d
proof of
the
th a t i t
n t e n d th a t
r eq u i r e s
and
n c ed e i n
d u t y to d e t e rm i n e wh a t th e t e s t im o n y wa s
de f e n d an t s
n t ro l l i n g
co
to d e f e n d a n t s
to
eat
tes t i f i ed
po i n t e d o ut t he m i s s t a t e m en t
th a t i t
id
d o e s no t
p r e j u d i c e wa s
po t e n t i a l
to
tat i ng
the
d e t e rm i n e wh a t ha d be e n
a ny
sa
t e s t im o n y
j u ry
of
med i c a l
u c h t e s t i mony h a v i n g
me r e l y
i ew
of
l a te r etu rn ing
wa s
to the
r g um e n t
l so
a
s t o pp ed
th u s
de fen da n t s
r e s p on s e
a
,
as
.
t to r n e y
a
a nd
to r n e y
t i m o ny
l l owe d
m i s s t a t em en t
a
,
s
a
r ecor d
no
,
n o r e qu i r e m e n t
s
P laint iff
ve r
i n ce
s
,
m en t wa s
e
bu t
t e s t im on y ;
the
j u ry
as
we
no r
in
th i s
co
urt
qu e s t i o n
of
r i gh t
-
s
rul ings
ud i c i a l
u s t a i n ed
h a ve
po i n t e d
ou t .
a
nts
N e i th e r i n
the
ma k e
int
a ny
po
qu e n t l y , n o th in g i n
s tru i n g
t he
t he
l a n gu a g e
tria l
t he
on
o ur
r i g h t - o f - wa y
of
wh i c h
co
pe
op
s
urt
i n i on
s
ho u l d
be
t a t u te r e l a t i n g
rm i t s
a
veh i c l e
ll
to
d i d d e f en d
o f - wa y
C on s a
.
i n te r p r e te d
to
e
tra f f ic
n te r
an
as
con
l i ght s
i
,
nt e r s e c
52 5 72
No .
gé
:I pk
1
{
'
TH E
an
CARQ UBV I L L B C OMP AN Y
l l i n o i s c o r po r a t i o n ,
P l a i n t i f f -App e l l e e ,
WAL T E R M .
I
0
0
,
F ROM
A PP E AL
V
T HE
.
C I R C U I T C OU R T OF
AL B E R T
G GL AD S T ON E , H EN
an I l l i n o i s
C ORP OR AT I ON
and
GR AV E S s URQ UH A R T ,
D e f e n d a n ts ,
H ON E Y
c o r p o r a ti on
'
.
,
N
C OOK C OUN TY
.
,
.
C H ES T E R
H ON .
P RE S I D I NG
a nd
S AL E S C OR P ORAT I ON , a n
c o r po r a t i on
a n d J E RE
D e f e n d a n t s -App e l l a n t s
AL B R I GH T
I l l i no i s
MR .
J U S T I C E S C H W A RT Z
i
Th i s
a pp e a
d e f en dan ts A l b r i g h t
S a les
di vi dua l ly
i de
a
de f e n s e
The
co
and
in
j u d gm e n t
re a s o
a
f o l l ow
s
u pp l y i n g
u s t om e r s
id
an d
pa
g ra p
hi c
by
c op y
a
ob t a
a
e
to
i n ed
x c u se
a rr a
J e re
moti on
a
Al br i gh ts )
inst
to
by
in
se t
t h e m by p l a i n t i f f
p r e s e n te d
.
m e r i to r i o u s
a
h a vi n g m a d e
f o r no t
.
A lb r i g h t ,
S
h ou l d
e
n g ag e d i n
be
e
i
q u i pm e n t
r e s t a u r a n ts
n ame ,
nged
for
21 ,
"
to
c
s
B r o a s te d C h i c k e n
me n u s
to be
h a rg ed
to A l b r i g h t s .
f o r the m e n u s w a s
l l e ge d
and
as
ag a
d e ny i n g
C o r p o r a ti o n
p r i n te r who
Ju ly
r de r
de f a u l t
the
ma rk
mm i s s i o n
On
wh i c h i t
i a l ty
co
a
o
C o r po r a ti on
th a t
S a le s
t r ad e
ha d p r e v i o u s l y
c
an
T H E C OUR T
s
set
u ch
as
de
i de
.
.
s pe c
the A l b r i g h t
n ab l e
and
A l br i g h t
of
f r om
l
.
,
OP I N I ON OF
n te n d th a t th e i r m o ti o n
d ue t i m e
f a c ts
THE
( h e r e i n a f te r r e f e r r e d
de f au l t
A lb r i gh t s
f en s e
s
ST RZ AL KA
.
.
D EL I V E RE D
an
as
A L B R I GH T
,
J
s
ag
c
.
wo r k
to
a
co
to buy
th e i r
d i r e c tl y
and
by A l b r i g h t s
f i l ed
reed
A lb r i g h t s
"
u pp l i e d
a rt
bu s i n e s s
wh i c h u s e
u s tom e r s
The
u pp l i e d
19 6 6 p l a i n ti f f
th a t d e f e n d a n t s
th e
s
th e
p h o to
.
mp l a i n t i n
m en u s
,
5 2 5 72
No .
th
a
th a t
a nd
t ion
d ue
d e l i v e r e d th e me n u s
it
at
a nd
ow
ing
pu r c h a s e
as
age
nt
re
Urq u h a r t wa s the
the
co
'
He n
n t ra c t i n
On
A l br i g h t s
a
the
co
co
.
a nd
n te r e d
On
J a n u a ry
to
the
ve r i f i e d
T he
e
n swe r
be c a u s e o f
the
a bs e
no r
th e i r
and
urt
e
the
co
th e i r
wh i c h
the
on
f au
'
n s we r
23
e
o f f i ce
30,
to
S
a
,
a
19 6 7
ign
l leg ed
n ce
t t o rn e y
31,
x i s te n c e
l leg i ng
J e re
th e
a
co
at
de n i e d
ga
s
ve
s
a
th e m
ag a
,
co
a
to
mo t i on
u n ab l e
pl a inti f f
'
J a n u a ry
s
.
25 ,
N e i th e r
t h a t d a te
de f a u l t f or
r
set
th e
a
d a te o n
co
wh i c h
n swe r i n
as
th e
i de
nd i tion s
re ach
hi
Th en
.
s
de
on
a t to
rn e y
mp l a i n t u n t i l l a t e
co
'
A l br i gh t .
Jere
on
an
to
by
d e f e n d a n ts
19 67 .
d u e t o we a t h e r
w i th
s
by d e f a u l t
30,
to
.
by
n s we r
w i th p l a i n t i f f
n tract
a
a
of
f i l ed
be
to
3 0 d ay
i ty
a f te
i gn e d
y e t be e n
no t
t h e m by
in st
s
h own
x h i b i te d
r ed i n cou r t
f o r ty d a y s
f i l ed
th a t
c
J a n u a ry
to
i t to
i t ha d
A l b r i g h ts
of
e
f r o m the
A l b r i g h t wa s
n s we r
t o rn e y
on
th a t
mo t i on
j u dg m e n t
fo r
r
C o r po r a ti o n
S a l es
n ti n ue d
th a t
a pp e a
19 6 7
wa s d ue ,
1 9 6 7 th ey
t j ud gm e n t ,
J a n u a ry
'
n t e r e d j u dg m e n t
d e n i e d th e
F e b r u a ry
l
a
a nd
the mo t i o n
J a n u a ry
On
an d
i
he
mov e d
2 5 Al br i g h t s
A l br i g h t s
u me
pl a in ti ff
the m o t i o n
n ti n u e d
as s
G r av es
by
ap p e a
h a d n o t f i l e d th e i r
a
co
ur t
a
i n d i c a te
pu r c h a s e r
co
a nd
A lbr i gh t s
a nd
urt
the
mp l a i n t
urt
co
we
s
by A l b e r t
d oe s n o t
pl eadi n g s
T he
.
i gn e d
S
no t A l b r i g h t
and
to d i s m i s s
18 ,
n s we r
c ap a c i ty
s
a nd
i
co
n tr ac t
pla i n ti f f
of
1966
196 7
19 6 7 .
nt
co
F u r th e r
21,
J a n u a ry
u rt
to the
of
s um
C o r po r a t i o n
H on ey
N
N o v em be r
a
co
age
th a t
i n wh i c h to
The
l a t i on
C o r po r a t i o n
H on ey
N
f o r H en
It i
C o r po r
H on e y
N
mp l a i n t
the
to
m en u s .
'
the
to p a y
App e n d e d
.
the d o c um e n t .
of
f a ce
r e f u se d
for
Urq u h a r t , wh o s e
the
th em
for
r de r
o
G l a d s to n e
de fe n dan t s
d e f en d a n t H en
to
'
'
s
52 572
NO .
i n t he
af
t e r n oo n
f o l l o wi n g m o r n i n g
mo t i o n
a
wh i c h
in
in
c om p
in
e
to
se t
i ng
n te r i n g
ab
le
e
n o j us t
j u dg m e n t
x cuse
the
T h ey
f u r t h er
re a s o
n a bl e
t im e
u l i ng s
ur t
e
o ne
v.
e
co
a
th i r ty
af
T he
co
e
u rt
h av ing
the
r e qu i r e m e n t
of
s o f te
an
o
to
in
i de
ma de
fi
led
set
or
a pp e a
i de
l
.
th e
r eason
a
t im e
and
def au l t .
the
S
f ind
as
and
d ue
a
m o t i on
r de r
h ow i n g
m e r i to r i o u s
a
n g a g ed
d e n i e d th e
de f en se
as
h av i n g
e
n f o r c em e n t
de f en s e
s
i ts d i s c r e ti o n
m o ti o n
set
ha d
'
t r a n s po r
p l a i n ti f f
n te r e d
e
hi
and
th a t
,
te r
w i th i n
m e r i to r i o u s
the
urt
te d
th e i r
u bs t a n t i a l l y
it
,
s
56
Ill
.
Th at
799 .
as ide
a
of
m e r i to r i o u s
fo r
th e
as
i
as
hou l d
be
7 2 of
the
the
2 d 3 95
App .
C o og
.
to
s
no t
a
m a t te r
de f a u l t
of
a
de f en s e
n e d u n de r r e ce n t
co
de fen se
de l ay
,
s ay
of
co
c an
urt
in
urt
.
,
h owe v e r
i
u r se
s
an d
th e
.
add
mus t
a nd
th a t
mo t i o n s
S a r ro v
re s s ed
co
de fen se
.
.
a
s
.
v a c a te
to
so
v
l
16 7
,
Mu t .
un d l eg a l
h owi n g
r e a s on a bl e
Mi
D ow e l
I l l i no i s
th e
to
n ta i n
th a t a
102
2d
App .
.
th a n
W i d i cus
.
Ill
26
br ou gh t
s
He
Ac t .
2 06 N E 2d 497 ;
,
co
P r a ct i ce
C i vi l
be m a d e
i n mak i ng
i
j u d gm e n t
de f a u l t
a
v i ewe d m o r e l i b e r a l l y
I nc .
j u d gm e n t
tr i a l
i de
se t
to
un de r S ec ti on
d i s c r e ti o n
ex i s t s
co
the
Al br i gh ts
to
A l b r i g h ts
a nd
n s we r
Al br i g h t
f o r d e l a y in g
a
no t
f o r no t
mo t i o n
d ay s
wi l l be g r a n t e d
a
ac
a
.
J a r n a gi n ,
s et
urt
h a v i n g m ade
n te n d t h a t
s
m o n th s
n te n d th a t
S o u th we s t e r n E l e c t r i c
to
n
the
Si x
.
n s we r
Jere
th a t
j u dg m e n t
r e a so
a
30 ,
j u d gm e n t
r r ed i n
ha s be e n
f i l ed
N . E. 2d
co
p r e se n te d
x c u se
When
wi t h i n
co
f o r no t
th a t
d ue
the
de fa u l t
the
wa s
co
f o r ov e r
of
f i l e d the
an
bo t h
f ew m i l e s
a
r n ey
f i led
l l e g e d th a t
th a t
a nd
A l b r i g h ts
de f au l t
inti ff
the d e f a u l t
i de
th e r e
a
tac t i cs
l ain t
as
it
a
a tto
s
n o rm a l o n J a n u a r y
d e l a y in g
i ts
Pl
.
wi t h i n
t t o rn e y l i v e
ta t i o n w a s
th a t h i
a nd
e s z k ow s k
th a t
e
i
x cu s e
v
.
5 2 5 72
No .
No r v i l l e ,
61
J a rn a gi n ,
s
s
u pr a
.
S a r ro v
J an ua r y
the
c as e
D e c e mb e r
18 ,
tri a l
J a nu a r y
21,
co
urt
e
n te r e d
On
19 6 7
the m o t i o n
,
th i s t i m e
d e f e n d an t s n o r
f a i l i ng
we a t h e r
to
co
co
fa c t
of f
s
a
hou l d
S
p l a i n ti f f
case
use
30.
rn e y
inst
a pp e a
I ns
Co
.
to r e a c h
th a t
.
.
,
i n t im e
p r e v en te d
f r om h i
m o ti o n
s
an
e
a ny
s
for
of f
j u dgm e n t
J a n u a ry
30
the
"
'
e
co
.
J.
a nd
D E MP S E Y
,
J
.
xcu se
J e re
rn e y s
a t to
for
to
d e f e n d an t
n o rm a l
for
the
.
co
to
set
urt
co
ndi tio n s
r e s pon d
to
bu t
in
tr i a l
ide
c on c u r
.
n ey s
a tt o r
co
as
uld in
s
W e a th e r
T he
.
co
th a n
'
f r om t r a v e l i n g
t to r n e y
a
to
l a te
hi
the we a th e r
'
J anu ar y
on
n d i t i on s
r e a ch i n g
J U D GMEN T
P
n te r e d
d ue
th e
co
A FF I Rt[ED
to
n d i ti o n s
th i s
u rt
d i d no t
defau l t
.
S ULL I VAN ,
e
be tte r p o s i t i o n
j u d gm e n t
i n re fu s i ng
s
n e i th e r
urt
th a t
f ew d a y s d e l a y ,
a
co
.
J a n u a ry ,
in
v en t
i ce
d e f e n d a n t s we r e f o r t y d a y s
i ts d i s c r e t i o n
n ti n u e d
wa s
f r om
de f e n dan ts
f or d e f a u l t
x cu se
e
j u dg me n t
co
the we a th e r
In
on
in
ag a
n tr o l ,
3 oth d a y o f
wa s p a te n t l y
3 oth .
hen
W
C o u n t e r C l a im p r i o r t o the
a nd
J a n u a ry
no
un ti l
wa s
co
d ue
it
De f en d a n t s
t r a n sp o r t a t i o n
"
fi le
on
the o f f i c e o f hi
the
wa s
n t i n u ed
a nd
.
'
n s we r
f o r de f a u l t
urt
On
r ed
a
wa s
co
co
de f e n d a n ts
de f e n se
u rts on
d i s ta n c e
'
J a n u a ry
Albr igh t
h a ve
a nd
the
a t to
t r i a l j u dg e
mi gh t p rov i de
ab
v
M c D o we l l
F i re
'
mo t i o n
a
p r e ve n t e d J e r e
no t
n s we r
25
to d e c i d e wh e th e r
on
ho r t
to
a
m o ti o n
th e An swe r
n s we r e d
urt
h ave
i ce
th e
M u tu a l
be y o n d d e f e n d a n t s
ign i ng
co
f i led
the
th e i r
u n ab l e
the
T he
.
th i s
s
of
P l a i n ti f f
rt
No
.
J a n u a ry
ag a
n d i ti on s
p u rpo s e o f
"
th e i r
as s e
A l br i g h t wa s
l os i ng
.
j u d gm e n t
de f a u l t
19 6 6
19 6 7 pl a in ti f f
,
3 oth
I l l ino i s
.
358;
be f o r e us d e f e n d a n t s
25
c
2 09 N . E. 2d
,
.
l a t e r th a n
a
2 d 2 89
Ap p .
u pr a ;
In
The
Ill
C a s e No
6 8- 23
.
I n The
APPELLATE C OUR T OF
Th ir d
.
JEAN C
WALDRON
.
I
Di s tri c t
A D
MARVIN L
I LL INOI S
1 0 6 1 A
and
WALDRON
.
LI
L
0
0
196 9
.
.
Appea l f r om the C ir cui t
C our t of R ock I s land
C ounty , I ll ino i s
Pl ai nti f f s—Appell ants
C oun ty Divi s i on
VS.
LI SSA MAE WAIDRON
KATHRYN E S NYDER
.
H onor abl e
Rober t M Bell
Judge P r e si ding
and
.
,
,
.
Def endants—Appell ees
STOUDER ,
P J
.
.
Pl ainti f f s
Appell ants , Marvi n
,
pr oc eedi ng i n the C ir cui t C our t
Wa ldr on
the daught er of
‘
g
f ath er and
mother
of
of
and
W a l dr on ,
Jean
R ock I s l and
K athryn S ny der
K ath ryn S ny der
def endant
C ounty
Pl ai nti ff s
.
mmen c ed thi s
co
to adopt L i s sa
r espect iv ely
a re
Af te r
.
k i ng
s ee
i
a dopt on
h earing
5ae
.
the s tep
urt
deni ed
the c o
the adopti on p eti ti on and th i s appea l f oll ows .
As
"
ba s i s f or the
a
That K ath ryn E
S ny der
.
by peti t i oner s , i
1
.
Open
the
ri ou s
months
3
.
x
ne t
.
u l tery
pr ec edi ng the
r
The
S nyder
pe
r son
hi ld
c
be ing
ught
so
f ath er
uth ori ty
r
r
v en
h
i ld
ment
c ommenc e
.
4
of
h r
t e eo f a ll eges
se
i n
n
t o c ons e t t o the adopt o
sa
f orn i cati on
or
i d ch i l d
2
.
.
hi s
act
t
Ext r eme
i on
of
f or the f oll owi ng
De s er t i on of
.
.
and
the
5
.
r epeated
hi l d
sa
r ea s ons :
c
ru el ty
mo r e
c
f or
Oth er
n eg l ect
i d chi l d
of ,
to
n
tha
hr ee
t
or
"
.
rn
t o be a dopted wa s bo
unmarri ed
not the
a
of the ch
i ld
mi sc ond ct t owa d the ch
i i
the pet t on i n p a ag ap
per son to hav e
ad
Abandonment
u
i on
who ha s
,
un f i t
an
and noto
i ld
ch
s
adopt
at the t
ime
i ld
of the ch
.
Augu s t 3 1 , 1 9 6 5 , her
Kath ryn S nyder
in
(1)
Nov ember
,
1 966
wa s th er ea f t er
.
She
l iv ed
moth er K athryn
ma rri ed
wi th her
to a
hus ba n d
abo
unti l
Janu ary 1 9 6 7
ut
of
her
to
l iv e
hu sband
wi th
ln
u
pl
r ev er se
to
i
a nt
vi denc e
the e
Appr ox ima tely thr ee mon ths
.
k i ng
i
r
the o de
’
ff
s
i
princ i pa l
a
vi dence
the
i
r ecor d
s cui
di s c l os es
to r e—e s tabl i s
h and
L
Pl aint i ff s
abandonment
or
4 88 , 10 7 N E
.
a ff
irms
a
rgu e
be l i ev e the dec i s i on
n otori ou s
e
rr or
matter
u l tery
a
r epr es ent!
vi denc e
ur t
co
hi ld
ni
was
n
n
h i ld
the c
ri od
i
r
p oceedi n
g,
in
s not
acc o
r d wi th
h ou ld
be
s
i n gr ant ing
xu al
s
s
unf i t
u ff i ci en t
mi ss i ons
by the
h i ld
al prom
of
s exu
.
i
m
.
open and noto
S tal der
on
rv ed
ri ou s
v . 8 ton e ,
n r ary
urt
i n
u te
adopt o
stat
F ur th ermor e the t ri al
i t may
as
ur t
co
ins tan t
n ei ther
in
in
the
urt
i
i tut es
in
s
S ta l der
c as e and
n
co
S ta lder
wou l d ha ve
co s t
nor
.
f ac ts pr esented
The f act s
.
and
41 2 I11
that the c o
obs e
co t
ul tery
ad
and of
nti tl ed
have
n
op e
e
or may n ot
we
i ts el f
to
af f ec t ed
.
vi denc e suppor ts
e
des er t the
,
to say tha t
n
'
.
bar e ou tl in e of the
ad
pr omi scui ty
se
ntempl ated
par ent
i nv olv ed
a
an adopti on rupon the
had i t dec i ded to the
wi th def endant ' s
of t me
y
i al
f oll ow th at the tr
n ec essar i ly
co
as
c
or
onl
that def enda t was a tte
pt ng
r elyi ng
law
by def endant wi th pl a i nt i f f s
to abando
te t o
i
di f f er ent f r om th ose pr es ented i n the
bel i ev e the
l ef t
of
h i s r eg ar d
the wel f ar e of the
c
r
we bel i ev e i t i
and e
of
n u
l so
i
of th s
deny i ng the pe ti t i on for
r
the c o d ct of the defendant i n t
a
ur t
co
l i f e i n C al i f orn i a
her
r ecogni z es th at
ad
n eces sar i ly r ender s
We
ild
no t the ch
pl a i nti f f s br oug ht thi s pr oc eedi ng
f ami ly backg r oun d ,
At the outs et i t
ubstant i a lly
pe
as a
i t do es not
ext ent
vi dence
r di d
ri al
‘
ubj ect
that the o d e
s
ui l ty
c a s e ar e s
of
ri al
that def endant was g
.
mi tted r ev er s i bl e
i ew
i
f or th
by the par ti e s
de ser t i on
com
V
i ld
ch
a
the s
s
l a ter
the t
e
so
the acti on of a t
his
and
u h
r eorgani z e
2 d 6 06
.
and to t
of
s et
s c
r ather
a
r ecrimi nati ons
ty ,
ived
she c onc e
.
Wi thou t det ai l i ng
.
r
rgument
The f act s we hav e her etof or e
e
pe ri od
her daug ht er , who i
l ef t
and
a nt
an
s ee
adopt on ,
u ch
s
Duri ng the peri od o f her
pr egna ncy , def endan t went to C al i forn ia
.
wi th pl ai nti f f s
duri ng
an d
c
hi ld
moth er
ar e not
,
.
n ly
o
The
c
of
ur
co
m
n
r ri ly
t e po a
u i n th at
t ’s c o cl s o
and not
wi th
ir cums tan c es surr oun ding
in cludi ng
indi cativ e
( 2)
the t ri al
the
any
r eas on s th er ef or
in tent
on the
part
any
the
the
in
l eavi ng
and
the s o t
of
def endant
h r
.
IN
A PPE L L A TE
TH E
C O UR T
Q Ir
I L L IN O I S
S E C O N D J U D I C I A L D I STR I C T
BR UN O GA RSH VA ,
Pl ai n tiff - App e l l ee
v
,
App ea l
fr o m the C 1rc u1t
C ou r t of W i nn e ba go C oun ty
I l lin ois
.
C I T! O F R O C K F O R D
M u nicip a l c orp or a tio n
a
,
,
.
,
D efe n d a n t-App e l l a n t
.
M R PR E S I D IN G J USTI C E A BR A H A M SO N D E L I V E R THE OPIt
O F THE C OU R T
h
.
.
Th e C ir c ui t Co u r t of
tor
y Ju dg m e n t f i n ding th a t the
Ci ty
wa s
of
Si
h
u s e the s u bjec t pr e m is e s for
tai
ning
den ta l
a
pp l i e d
as a
a nd v0 1d a nd t a t the
to
ffic e
buil din g
o
to
D e m p s te r R oa d
ro m
a nd no c f
Ju dg m e n t the City of R oc k f ord
,
of
D e m p s te r
e
r
y
t
p
R oa d
a nd
is
a
ha s
of
ha s
a
12 3
a nd
Th e
fee t
.
for
on
a
ta
l oc a ted
the
p r o v ed
c on s ide r a ble p e r iod
s
prope rtv
w a s lega llv
e
,
n ti tl e d
n
S U bj G C I to the
W
i th
.
a t the
of
a
.
R o c kfor d
.
on
The
.
Ea S t
t
no m :
S ta te S tr e e t
l o kn ow n
a s
pro
D e m ps r
si n g l e r e si d en c e
e
th i s
s ou th ea s t corn e r
190 fee t and
of ti m
fo u r - l a n e h e avi l y tr ave l ed th or o u gh fa r e
F r om
S ta te S tr ee t
k e s th i s a pp ea l
C i ty
E a s t S ta te S tr e e t of
lot i s i m
p l a i n ti ff
the
of c ons tr uc u ng a nd m a i
Ea S t
,
E a s t S ta te S tr ee t i n
fr on ta ge
bee n
or to
is
dec l a r a
egr e s s fr om s a i d pr e m i s e s
a nd
defe n d a n t
Th e s u bje c t p r op e r ty
a
m ca u on of
'
by hi m
pr opos ed
as
to
p l ain ti ff
p u r po s e
the
c ond i ti on th a t the ve hic u l a r in gr e s s
be
c la s s
n g le re si d en ce
R oc k for d Z on i n g O r din anc e
u n r e a s o n a bl e
Co u n ty en te red
W i nn e ba go
as
I l l i noi s
r
-
20,
S ta te R ou te
da y
w hich
a
t a ffi c
r
d oe s
not
cros s
c om p a re d
of the
.
E a s t S ta te S tr e e t
to
loca l
to the
the
h om e s
a
the
tiff
o s t of
s
up p l y
ffic e
o
ha s bee n
offi c e buil di ng
a
,
no
E a s t S ta te
of the
I l li n ois N a tio n a l
To
.
the
the
z o n i ng
e a s t of
i s m i xed
fr u i t
new
S to
re
r e z o n ed
in
a
S tr e e t for
fou r
g a r ag e
s u bj e c t p r ope r ty i s
the
of
"
Ea S t
r e side n ti a l
,
e c t p r ope r ty
or
fi v e
Si
i s a ta i lo
h re
n gl e
r s h op
,
ph o togr aph y
a nd a
y e ar s
m o re th a n 15
p l ain tiff
,
t s ti fi
e
l e g a l ti tl e
Tr u s t C om p a n y
$ 2 5 000 00
,
.
cc or d a nc e
.
tm s
P la i n
.
n s tr u c t a d e n ta l
to c o
was
as
with
w a s no
va l u e s of
wa s
e d th a t he
a C tua lIv
the
the on : er
h e ld
for hi m
T r u s tee
Th e e s tim a te d v a l ue
by the
Th e
.
p re s en t z o n i n g
of the
p r ope r ty
If
p l ain tiff s r e qu e s t w ou ld be i n e x c e s
'
videnc e
e
r ec l a s sific a tion of this p r op er ty for
up o n
s ou th
the s u bj
a re
z on ed
a re
r e s i den ti a l con s tr u c ti on i n
but th a t
Ba n k
Th e r e
,
C
a nd t e
a
,
"
18
evide n ce s h o w e d th a t p l ain tiff s p r op er ty u nde r
8 80
her c or n e r s
ot
s h or t d i s ta n c e
A
.
'
at
but
.
s u bjec t p rop e r ty
va l u e d
pe r
E a s t S ta te
of
to the
s u bj ec t p rop er ty
z on i n g
Br u no G ar shva ,
is
ca r s
Sou th
the
A ll three
.
p r op e r ty
the
s u bjec t p r ope r ty
be yond w hi c h the
s i n te n de d u s e
of the
for bu si ne s s
s ou th side of E a s t S ta te S tr e e t ther e
r e a f a cing on
'
is m
u l ti p l e d w e l l ing s
Ther e
.
as
,
the w e s t of the
s ou th of
bu sine s s
s h op
n o r th s i de
T he
.
bu sin e s s
bei n g for m
a
,
ju n c tio n of E a s t S ta te S tre e t a nd D e m pS te r R oa d
S ta te S tr e e t to
on
16 000
C lo s e to
D e m p s te r R o a d c a r rie s r e l a tive l y l i ttl e tr a ff i c
it
S tr e e t i s p r edo m i n a n tl y z oned
for
c ou n t r un s
D e m p s te r R oa d r u n s in to E a s t S ta te S tre e t fr om
.
as
on
2
the a dja c en t a nd
a s to
t he
w hat
ef e
r e qu e s ted
f ct
,
if
a ny ,
use w ou ld
n e a r b y p r op e r ti e s
s
of
the
h av e
w hic h are
z one
d
for sin g l e f a m i l y r e sid e n c e s
.
T h e d efe n d a n t a tta c k s
for
the
the
ju dg m e n t of
the tr i a l
c ou r t
fo l l owing r e a s o ns :
Th a t the ev i de n c e sh ow s th a t p lain ti ff Br u n o
G a r shva i s n0 t the o wne r of the p r o pe r ty in v o lv e d
a nd th a t th e r ef ore
no a e tua l c on tr ov e r s y
be tw ee n
p a r tie s in te re s te d ex i s ts u nde r the dec l a r a tor y
ju d g m en t a c t ch 110 s ec
( 111 Re v S ta t
I
.
,
,
"
"
,
"
"
,
,
2
.
.
,
.
T h a t the ju d g m e n t i s a g a i n s t the
of the ev i dence
.
.
.
m a n i fe s t w e i gh t
.
3
T h a t the fix i ng of z oni ng bound a r i e s a re pec u l i a r l y
wi th i n the provm c e of the l eg i s l a tu re a nd th a t u nde r the
fa c ts th e s e bou nd a rie s c a nn ot be s aid to be u n re a son
a b l e a nd u n f a i r
.
.
W
e
do not fi n d i t n ec e s s a r y , for
be he r e i n a f te r exp re s s ed
Gar shva ,
p r op e r
is a
by
c or r e c te d
a
,
to
pa r ty
s im p l e
am
h
is
en dm en t to
a m a tte
the
a nd
rep e a te d b y this c ou r t i n
e a r l y de cis i on i n Ci ty of A u r or a
si tu a tio n p r e s e n te d
ca s e
,
i
.
e
tr i e t a nd
.
w h e th e r
to the
wh a t evide n c e
Bu r kh o l der
v
.
Ci ty
i ll
ca n
be
re ad i l y
z on i n g ha ve
c a se s
Ill
.
Si nc e
.
84
the sa m
i n the
be e n
e
the
,
as
the
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Bu r ns , 3 19
p l ai n tiff s pr op er ty i s
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3 81 III
.
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C ou r t S ta ted:
It ha s be e n r ep ea ted l y s ta ted by thi s c ou r t th a t i t
wi l l not c on s ti tu te i ts e l f a z on i n g co m m i s s i on a nd th a t a ll
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dis tu r bed w h e r e th er e i s gr ou nd for a l e gi ti m a te di ffe r e nc e
"
‘
of opi nion c onc e r nin g
the
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'
p l ai n tiff s p r op o s a l s
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h
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Ci ty of
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.
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D A V IS
of
c ou r t i s th er ef or e re v er s ed
.
a nd
w h e the r
2d 3 47
R E V E R S E D A N D R E MA N D E D
W I TH IN STR U C TION S
MOR A N
prop os ed
R i c h ton Pa r k
C i ty of H i gh l and Pa r k
D e K a lb, 6 4
the tri a l
be
ge ne r a l c h a r a c te r
r e m a n ded for fu r th er p roc ee din gs
dec i s i o n
h o ul d
s
his pr op os ed
pe c i fi c a tion s
Si n c l air Pip e
Fiore
H a r s h m an
a nd t
p l a i n ti ff
ria l c ou r t m a y de te r m i n e
c o m p a ti b l e
2 d 3 70 , 3 77
2d 62
a nd s
,
e a re of the
so t a t the t
s u r r ou n din g n eig h bor h ood
Ill
W
.
a nd
pr opos ed by hi m
re a s on a b le n e s s
a s to the
s u bm i t s uffici en t p l a n s
de n ta l offic e bui l din g
as
.

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