CHAPTER 14 • SECTION 2
S
1
Plan & Prepare
CTIO
2
N
E
Reading for Understanding
Key Ideas
Objectives
BEFORE, YOU LEARNED
NOW YOU WILL LEARN
• Identify reform movements that
attempted to improve society in America
In the mid-1800s, millions of Europeans
came to the United States hoping to
build a better life.
A 19th-century religious revival launched
movements to reform education and
society.
• Explain the efforts of the labor movement
to improve working conditions
• Identify specific areas of daily life that
some reformers focused on improving
Read for the Essential Question
Help students read for a purpose by reminding
them of the Essential Question: “How did
immigration and social reform change the nation
in the mid-1800s?”
Vocabulary
TERMS & NAMES
BACKGROUND VOCABULARY
Second Great Awakening renewal of
religious faith in the 1790s and early 1800s
labor union group of workers who band
together to seek better working conditions
temperance movement campaign to stop
the drinking of alcohol
strike to stop work to demand better working
conditions
Shaker member of a Christian sect that
practiced communal living and did not allow
marriage and childbearing
REVIEW
evangelicalism the doctrine, or belief,
that each person can experience a sudden
conversion and experience a new spiritual
relationship with God
Horace Mann reformer who advocated
improving education
Dorothea Dix reformer who was a pioneer
in the movement for better treatment of the
mentally ill
Vocabulary
Best Practices Toolkit
Use the Best Practices Toolkit to model
strategies for vocabulary notetaking. Vary
strategies throughout the year. Choose
from: Knowledge Rating, Predicting ABC’s,
Definition Mapping, Word Sort, Word Wheel,
Frayer Model (Word Squares), Magnet
Words, and Student VOC.
Reading Strategy
Re-create the problem-solution
chart at right. As you read and
respond to the KEY QUESTIONS, use
the chart to organize the problems
reformers identified in society and
the solutions they proposed.
Vocabulary Strategies, TT9–TT16
PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Solution
heavy drinking
temperance
movement
See Skillbuilder Handbook, page R9.
Reading Strategy
Best Practices Toolkit
Problem
GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS
Go to Interactive Review @ ClassZone.com
456 Chapter 14
Display the Sequence Chain transparency.
• Explain that Section 2 is about the
attempts of various reform groups to
solve problems that confronted Americans
in the 1800s.
• Draw attention to the filled-in boxes,
identifying the example problem
and solution.
• Have students add more problems and
solutions as they read the section.
• Display the graphic organizer for students
to review.
Sequence Chain, TT31
456 • Chapter 14
PRETEACHING VOCABULARY
English Learners
Inclusion
Pronounce and Preview
Building Vocabulary
Pronounce each term for students. Review
the meanings of words within definitions,
such as campaign, sect, and communal.
List the words reform, revive, restore
on the board. Have a student underline
the prefix re- meaning “again.” Then
have students use the three words
interchangeably in a sentence, such
as “Helping others can __________
your outlook in life.” Explain that revive
means “to restore” or “to bring back
to life.” At revival meetings, revivalist
preachers hoped to restore religious
values in their listeners.
• To modify vocabulary learning, have
students complete worksheets as they
read, instead of afterward.
Unit 5 Resource Book
• Building Background Vocabulary,
p. 154
• Vocabulary Practice, p. 153
S
TIO
2
CHAPTER 14 • SECTION 2
N
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Reforming
American Society
Focus & Motivate
3-Minute Warm-Up
Write on the board or use the transparency:
• What organizations today are dedicated to
improving the lives of Americans? (Possible
Answers: Salvation Army, labor unions, AARP)
Unit 5 Transparency Book
• 3-Minute Warm-Ups, TT11
One American’s Story
In the mid-1800s, many Americans had ideas for creating a better
society in their new nation. Mary Lyon, the founder of Mount
Holyoke Seminary in Massachusetts, advocated college-level education for women. Seeing the first building go up at her school
gave Lyon a sense of awe.
One American’s Story
More About . . .
Mary Lyon
PRIMARY SOURCE
“
2
Lyon was just 13 when her mother left Mary
and her brother Aaron alone on the family
farm. Mary did all the housekeeping and
earned a dollar a week from her brother
who owned the farm.
. . . The stones and brick and mortar speak a language which
vibrates through my very soul. I have indeed lived to see
the time when a body of gentlemen have ventured to lay
the corner stone of an edifice [building] which . . . will be an
institution for the education of females. . . . This will be an era
in female education.
”
—Mary Lyon, letter, October 7, 1836
In this section, you will learn how individuals like Lyon called on Americans to reform, or improve, themselves and their society.
Mary Lyon
3 Teach
A Spirit of Revival
A Spirit of Revival
Think, Pair, Share
KEY QUESTION How did religion and philosophy encourage people to improve
society?
• How did religious revival meetings influence
American life in the early 1800s? (Revivalists
stressed a better life through salvation and
helping others, inspiring optimism and fueling
reform movements.)
In the early 19th century, a reform movement swept through American
society. This movement was inspired mainly by a religious revival, like the
one that had changed American life a century before.
The Second Great Awakening The renewal of religious faith in the 1790s
Awakening. Unlike Puritans, who
and early 1800s is called the Second Great Awakening
believed that only some people would be saved, revivalist preachers insisted
that anyone could choose salvation. This idea appealed to Americans’ sense
of optimism and equality, and offered a new interpretation of Christianity.
A New Spirit of Change 457
• Problems and Solutions What problem
did the temperance movement address? What
solution did followers of the movement offer?
(alcohol consumption; its members urged
people to stop drinking alcohol and advocated
banning the sale of liquor.)
SECTION 2 PROGRAM RESOURCES
ON LEVEL
Unit 5 Resource Book
• Reading Study Guide, p. 131
• Section Quiz, p. 172
STRUGGLING READERS
Unit 5 Resource Book
• RSG with Additional Support,
p. 137
• Building Background Vocabulary,
p. 154
• Section Quiz, p. 172
• Reteaching Activity, p. 175
eEdition with Audio DVD-ROM
ENGLISH LEARNERS
Pupil Edition in Spanish
eEdition with Audio DVD-ROM
eEdition in Spanish DVD-ROM
Unit 5 Resource Book
• Reading Study Guide (Spanish),
p. 143
• RSG with Additional Support
(Spanish), p. 149
Multi-Language Glossary
Test Generator
• Section Quiz in Spanish
INCLUSION
Unit 5 Resource Book
• RSG with Additional Support,
p. 137
• Section Quiz p. 172
• Reteaching Activity, p. 175
GIFTED & TALENTED
Unit 5 Unit Resource Book
• Interdisciplinary Projects, p. 159
• Active Citizenship, p. 189
PRE-AP
Unit 5 Unit Resource Book
• Connect to Today, p. 163
• Active Citizenship, p. 189
TECHNOLOGY
Unit 5 Transparency Book
• 3-Minute Warm-Ups, TT11
• Fine Art, TT12
• Geography, TT13
• Cause-and-Effect Chapter Summary,
TT14
• Essential Question Graphic, TT15
Daily Test Practice Transparencies
• Chapter 14, Section 2, TT47
Power Presentations
ClassZone.com
American History Video Series
Teacher’s Edition • 457