TOPIC 1: Disease transmission and causation.
1. Explain the differences between communicable and non-communicable diseases.
2. Explain the difference between isolation and quarantine.
3. Explain the difference between acute and chronic diseases, and provide at least two examples of
each.
4. Describe and provide at least two examples of direct transmission of communicable diseases.
5. Identify each “link” in the chain of infection and explain their relationship.
6. Explain the multicausation disease model.
Disease transmission has become an epidemic in the United States and many health
officials are concerned with the growing rate of individuals suffering from transmissible
diseases. For nearly a 100 year, scientist have been conducting clinical research to identify the
cause and effects of transmissible diseases. According to the Center for Disease Control and
Prevention, “the causes of communicable and non-communicable disease are multi-factorial,
such as the lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating patterns, genetics and social factors
including race and ethnicity” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). Although these
factors varies, health officials have advised that many of these transmissible diseases can be
controlled and prevented.
I.
Communicable vs Non-communicable diseases
Diseases are classified by the way in which they are transmitted. According to the World
Health Organization, noncommunicable diseases is relatively caused by an acute infection,
result in long-term health consequences and often create a need for long-term treatment and
care. These conditions include cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and chronic lung
illnesses. Communicable diseases on the other hand are transmitted from one person to another
or from an animal to a person. The transmission is relatively occurs via airborne viruses or
bacteria, and also through blood or other bodily fluid. In 2010, The Center for Disease Control
and Prevention has reported that 31% of deaths in developing countries are caused by
communicable disease, while the remainders of deaths are caused by these noncommunicable
diseases and injuries (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014).
II.
Isolation VS Quarantine